所属成套资源:高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题 (含解析)
高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题07高频考点并列句、状语从句及特殊句式与语法填空(含解析)
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这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题07高频考点并列句、状语从句及特殊句式与语法填空(含解析),共19页。试卷主要包含了技法巧图解等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考点一:并列句
1、技法巧图解
2. 高考真题体验
1、(2022年新高考I卷)...After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ______ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. (用适当的词填空)
【详解】考查连词。句意。经过三年的试点,GPNP将于明年正式成立。GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,留下宝贵的自然资产或子孙后代”的指导原则。设空处无提示词,且前后为并列关系,应用and,连接三个指导原则 “protecting..., preserving ..., and leaving ...”。故填and。
2.(2022年全国乙卷) The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ______ cultural exchanges. (用适当的词填空)
【详解】考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语,应用and连接。故填and。
3 (2022年新高考II卷) He hung on for a few minutes ______ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
【解析】考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
4、(2021年浙江卷)Although Mary loved flowers, __________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. (用适当的词填空)
【详解】考查并列连词。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知,此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
5、(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big ________ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
【详解】考查并列连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏量变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,设空前后两个时间状语是选择关系,应用连词or,表“或者”,故填or。
6、(2020·浙江高考1月卷)It's also that they are on average healthier ________ more productive for longer.
【详解】考查并列连词。在该句中设空前的healthier和设空后的more productive是并列关系,故用并列连词and。
7、(2019新课标II卷)Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, _________because I want to.” (用适当的词填空)
【详解】考查并列连词。句意:艾琳说:“我认为没有任何理由放弃工作。我工作不是因为我必须工作,而是因为我想工作。”根据句意及所给句子可知,此处是固定搭配not...but...“不是……而是……”。故填but。
8、(2018·浙江高考)Small amounts of caffeine—a cup ________ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people.
【详解】考查并列连词。句意:对于大多数人来说,少量的咖啡因——每天一杯或者两杯咖啡似乎是安全的。根据句意可知,此处表“或者”, 故填连词or。
3、应试指南
1、
若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定填连词。
语法填空对连词的考查判断原则:
一析→
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句还是某种状语从句。然后结合连词的意义和作用,确定填哪个连词
↓
二定→
4、高考考点透析
重点 并列句★★★★★
并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点,考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。
1.and表示顺承以及并列关系,还可以用于固定句式:“祈使句+and+陈述句”。
2.but表示转折关系,不能与although和though连用。
3.so为表示因果关系的连词,一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因,so后面的句子为结果,so不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。
4.or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词,or还可译为“否则”,可用于句型:“祈使句+or+陈述句”。
5.利用连词词组both ... and ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., not ... but ...特殊搭配解题。
6.when/while用作并列连词
when和while可作并列连词。when表示“在那时,此时突然”;while表示“然而,而”,表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中:
①...was/were doing ...when ...
……正在做……突然……
②...was/were about to do ...when ...
……刚要做……突然……
③...was/were on the point of doing ...when ...
……刚要做……突然……
④...had just done ...when ...
……刚/一……就……
The children were playing when they heard the sound of a motorbike.
孩子们正在玩耍,这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。
He is strong while his brother is weak.
他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。
并列句的用法及常见连词
用法
连词
表并列、递进或顺承关系
and,both... and...,neither... nor...,not only... but also... ,as well as
表转折关系
but(不可与although/though连用), yet
表选择关系
either... or... ,not... but...,or,or else,rather than
表因果关系
for(表“由于”,一般不放在句首),so
and与or用
于并列句
祈使句+and+陈述句,and表顺承
祈使句+or+陈述句,or表转折
while表对比
强调对比关系,意为“然而;而”
考点二:状语从句
1、技法巧图解
2. 高考真题体验
1.(2021.全国乙卷) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s.
【解析】考查时间介词。根据空前有not可知,此处until与not一起构成固定用法not… until,意为 "直到……才……" 。句意:直到20世纪80年代后期,它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填until。
2.(2020. 全国三卷) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【解析】考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示"当……时候",且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
3.(2020. 上海卷)One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15, 000 years 1 it was first invented.
【解析】考查连词。句意:已知最早的发明之一是弓箭,在它被发明15000年后,至今仍在全世界使用。
4.(2020·天津高考7月卷)—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.
—Even ________ it is not your style, that doesn't mean it is bad.
【解析】考查连词。它不是你的风格;这并不意味着流行音乐不好。很明显,前后两句之间是转折关系,空处引导让步状语从句。设空前已有Even,故此处是even though/if引导的让步状语从句,故填though/if。
5.(2020·江苏高考)They decide to have more workers for the project ________ that it won't be delayed.
【解析】考查连词。 句意:他们决定为这项工程增加工人,以免耽搁。空后it won't be delayed是前面采取措施的目的,应用so that引导目的状语从句,且空后已有that,故填so。
6.(2019·天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support.
【解析】考查连词。 句意:汤姆非常独立,以至于他从来不征求父母的意见,除非他想得到他们的支持。根据句意可知,此处应用unless “除非”引导条件状语从句。
7.(2019·江苏高考)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ________ case they need medical assistance.
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:医生给了病人他的手机号码,以防病人需要医疗援助。根据语境结合设空后的case可知,此处填in, in case“以防”引导状语从句。
8.(2019·新课标III卷)On our way to the house,it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【解析】考查结果状语从句。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。
3、应试指南
若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定填连词。
1、语法填空对连词的考查判断原则:
一析→
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句还是某种状语从句。然后结合连词的意义和作用,确定填哪个连词
↓
二定→
2、要注意是不是某些固定搭配。如;be about to do...when等,
3、状语从句在写作中也属于高端的语法点,因此, 在适当的情况下呈现状语从句的知识可以给文章增加得分点。
4、高考考点透析
重点 状语从句★★★★★
考点1 让步状语从句和时间状语从句
1.让步状语从句
(1)、although, though, while引导的让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可与yet或still连用。
Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼很重要,但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。
(2)、though与as引导的让步状语从句
though引导的让步状语从句置于句首时,从句可倒装也可用正常语序;而as意为“尽管”时,引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构,即as引导的从句一般置于主句之前,从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。若是单数名词前置时,要省略冠词。
Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子,他却帮了我很大的忙。(名词)
Try as/though he might, he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力,他还是不能打开那个门。(动词)
(3)、“疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句,意为“无论……”。
However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力,如果不减少饭量,减肥很难。
(4)、whether ... or ...引导的让步状语从句,意为“不论……还是……”,提供两种对比情况。
We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们都要把这项工作做下去。
2.时间状语从句
(1)、when指的是“某一具体时间”,可与延续性或非延续性动词连用,whenever“无论何时”;while“在……期间”,只与延续性动词连用;as表“一边……一边……”,强调主从句动作同时发生。
(2)、before/since引导时间状语从句的用法
①before作连词:It will/won't be+一段时间+before ...意为“过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……”。before还可以作介词,意为“在……以前”。
②since引导时间状语从句时,表示“自从……以来”,从句一般表示动作的起点,用一般过去时;主句表示动作的延续情况,一般用现在时、现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常用句型:It is/has been+一段时间+since ...。
Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.
自从大学毕业以来,他一直在这座城市工作。
It is five years since he lived here.
他不在这儿住已有五年了。
(3)、till, until, not ... until
①延续性动词(肯定式)+until/till表示动作延续到某一时间为止。
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河散步,一直到天黑。
②非延续性动词/延续性动词(否定式)+until/till表示“直到……才”。
He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他,他才知道这件事。
(4)、其他用于引导时间状语从句的词或短语
①the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, directly, immediately, instantly等名词短语和副词可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。
Directly I received his letter I went to see him.
我一收到他的信就去看他了。
②在hardly/scarcely ... when ...与no sooner ... than ...结构中,主句用过去完成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
③every time, any time, the first time, by the time, each time等名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。
Every time I express an opinion, she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时,她总是反驳。
考点2 地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1.地点状语从句
where与wherever可引导地点状语从句。
Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
今天我们将从昨天停止的地方开始,因此就不会遗漏任何要点。
2. 条件状语从句的常见引导词:
if, unless (=if ... not), so/as long as (只要), on condition that (条件是), only if (只有), provided that (如果), in case (万一,如果), suppose/supposing that (假设,如果), assuming that (假设)等。
My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.
我的父母不在意我从事什么工作,只要我高兴就好。
3.在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表将来含义;现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况;一般过去时表过去将来的含义。
考点3 其他状语从句
1.原因状语从句
原因状语从句可由because, as, since, now that (in that)等词引导。
(1)、because意为“因为”,表直接原因,语气较强,能回答由why提出的问句。
The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上,因为他想挨着妻子坐。
(2)、as (由于), since (既然), now that/in that (既然),表双方都知道的原因,语气较弱。as, since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。
Now that you have done that, stop blaming yourself.
既然你已经做了,就不要自责了。
2.目的状语从句
(1)、in order that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。从句的谓语常含有can, may, could, might等情态动词。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出,我们早早地出发去山顶。
(2)、for fear that/in case
这两个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”。
He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he (should) forget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘了。
3.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有:so that, so ... that, such ... that。其结构是:
(1)、so+adj./adv.+that从句
so+adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数+that从句
so+many/much/little(少)/few+名词+that从句
(2)、such+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句
such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句
(3)、主句+so that从句
It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.
=It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.
=It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street.
天气非常冷,街上一个人也没有。
4.方式状语从句
方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式,常由as (像……一样), as if/though (似乎,好像)等引导。
(1)、as引导方式状语从句,前面常可用just加强语气。
I did just as the teacher did.
我就像老师做的那样做了。
(2)、as if/as though引导方式状语从句时,常用虚拟语气。
She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.
她英语说得非常好,就好像她去过美国似的。
考点三:特殊句式
1、技法巧图解
2. 单句语法填空
1.Some medicine, if wrongly ______(take), can kill a person.
【答案】taken
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:一些药,如果服用不当,可能会致命。根据句子分析可知,本句为状语从句的省略,还原为:if some medicine is wrongly taken,省略了主语和be动词。故填taken。
2.It was not until yesterday________ I knew my sister was admitted to a key university.
【答案】that
【详解】考查强调句。句意:直到昨天,我才知道我妹妹被一所重点大学录取了。分析句子可知,此处是强调句型It was not until...that...“直到……才……”,强调时间状语。故填that。
3.It is only those loved by others ________ can learn how to love others.
【答案】that/who
【详解】考查强调句。句意:只有被别人爱的人才能学会爱别人。根据句意和It is可知,句子是强调句,结构是“It is+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”,被强调的是those,是人,因此空格处是that/who。故填that或who。
4.Seated in the first row ________(be) some advanced workers.
【答案】are
【详解】考查倒装结构及主谓一致。句意:坐在第一排的是一些先进工作者。句意陈述目前的情况,应用一般现在时;表语位于句首时,句子完全倒装,谓语动词与后面的主语保持主谓一致,本句主语是some advanced workers,be动词使用are。故填are。
5.Though ________(face) great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it.
【答案】facing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然演汫者们面对巨大的压力,但是他们都勇敢地克服了。此处为状语从句的省略,当让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时,可将从句主语及be动间一起省略,此处的完整句子为Though the speakers were facing great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it.故填facing。
6.I can’t remember what it was ________ made the teacher give Mary the permission to leave the class earlier.
【答案】that
【详解】考查强调句的特殊疑问句。句意:我记不起来是什么原因使老师允许玛丽提前下课。根据句意和句中的what it was可知,该题是考查强调句的特殊疑问句:疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分,特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分,因为该强调句作动词remember的宾语,所以用的陈述语序。故填that。
7.The parents didn’t tolerate their kids’ rudeness at the party, nor ________(do) they allow themselves to be disobeyed.
【答案】did
【详解】考查倒装句型。句意:父母不能容忍他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌,也不允许自己的命令不被服从。否定词nor位于句首,后面使用部分倒装结构,由上句可知,时态应当为过去时。故填did。
8.By the window _________ (be) my best friend Jim, who wore a red hat.
【答案】was
【详解】考查时态和完全倒装。句意:靠窗的是我最好的朋友吉姆,他戴着一顶红帽子。空处为主句谓语动词,结合从句谓语动词wore判断为一般过去时;“By the window”置于句首时,句子应主谓倒装,故主句主语是my best friend Jim,结合主谓一致,故填was。
9.It was a great success. About 30,000 players from different countries took part in it as __________ (schedule).
【答案】scheduled
【详解】考查省略,时态和语态。句意:这是一个巨大的成功。约3万名来自不同国家的选手如期参加了比赛。根据句意可知,3万名选手按照被安排的如期参加了比赛,空格处是they were scheduled,as引导的方式状语从句中主语和主句主语一致,且有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是scheduled,故填scheduled。
10.He packed his necessities as if ________ (have) a holiday.
【答案】to have
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:他打包了必需品,好像要去度假。此处是as if引导的方式状语从句的省略,从句使用虚拟语气,且表示将来的情况,故完整形式是as if he were to have a holiday,当状语从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句含有be动词时,可将从句的主语和be动词省略。故填to have。
3、应试指南
1、 要明确哪些词汇或短语可以引导部分倒装和哪些词汇或短语可以引导全部倒装
2、要明确强调句型的基本结构
3、要掌握省略现象的必备条件
4、在高考写作中恰当地运用各种特殊句式,会给阅卷者留下良好的印象
4、高考考点透析
重点一 祈使句、感叹句和省略句★★☆☆☆
1.祈使句
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),有时也可用everybody, someone, anybody等不定代词。
祈使句的4种形式:
①、动词原形(+宾语+其他成分);
②、Be+表语,如Be honest.;
③、Let's/Let us do/not do sth.;
④、祈使句+and/or+简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。
2.感叹句
(1)、what引导的感叹句
What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What lovely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!
(2)、how引导的感叹句
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How+主语+谓语!
How interesting a story it is!
=What an interesting story it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!
3.省略句
省略是高考经常涉及的语法点,常考的几种省略情况如下:
(1)、状语从句的省略:在when, while, if, as if, though, as, whether等连词引导的状语从句中,如果谓语有be,而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it,则从句的主语和be常常省略。
(2)、不定式中的省略:在一定的上下文中为了避免重复,可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to,否定形式的省略用not to,但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have(作助动词用),通常保留be或have。
(3)、if引导的虚拟条件句的省略:当if从句中有had, should, were时,可以省去if,同时把had, should, were置于句首。
重点二 强调句★★☆☆☆
强调句是高考考查的难点,在理解强调句时,学生要注意以下6点:
1.被强调部分是人时,连接词that/who都可以;非人时,用that。
2.强调句的一般疑问句结构:Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分。
3.强调句的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分?
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的?
4.含not ... until ...的强调句型:It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分。
5.把句子中的“It is/was ... that/who”去掉之后,句子依然成立,就是强调句,否则就不是强调句。
6.如果需要强调谓语,应用助动词do, does或did。
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。
重点三 两种形式的倒装句★★★★★
1、部分倒装
(1)、将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。
这类词(组)有:never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ...等。
Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.
直到我失业了,我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。
(2)、“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
只有当你能找到内心的平静,你才能和别人保持良好的
(3)、so/such ... that ...结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步,以至于受到了表扬。
(4)、表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
I saw the film The Great Wall last week, so did she.
我上周看了电影《长城》,她也看了。
2.完全倒装
here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且句子主语为名词时,句子用全部倒装。
The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点,许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
三维考场·全面提能
维度1 提分训练
微语法填空(用括号内单词的正确形式填空,注意特殊词形变化)
1.You have probably dreamed about ①________ you would change the world, only to find ②________ it seems impossible. However, you may have the power to make the world better with baby steps. That's the idea behind the BA Challenge, ③________ is a public service campaign coinitiated by Alibaba and Sina Weibo. It asks people to do something positive ④________ then record the changes before and after. ⑤________ it first appeared on Sina Weibo on Sept. 2nd, the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and participants. ⑥________ these little things may be easily ignored in our daily lives, they are well received by many viewers.
【详情解析】
①how 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知, “①____ you would change the world”是介词about的宾语,根据句意“你也许梦想如何改变世界”可知,此处用how引导宾语从句。
②that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“②____ it seems impossible”是find的宾语,从句在结构和句意上均完整,故用that引导宾语从句。
③which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the BA Challenge,指物,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
④and 考查连词。空前的“It asks people to do something positive”和空后的“then record the changes before and after”是顺承关系,应用连词and。
⑤Since 考查状语从句。该句主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时,结合时间先后法可知,“英王挑战赛首次出现在新浪微博上”是发生在“吸引了数百万观众和参与者”之前的动作,故此处用since引导时间状语从句,表“自从”。
⑥Though/Although/While 考查状语从句。根据设空后的“这些小事在我们的日常生活中很容易被忽视”和“他们受很多观众的欢迎”是让步关系,应用Though/Although/While“尽管”引导让步状语从句。
2.A news report shows ①________ China's urban pet consumer market is expected to break through the 200 billion yuan threshold this year. Young people in big cities are the main contributors.
Nowadays, the reason ②________ young people are suffering from greater loneliness and pressure is partly ③________ the cost of living has been rising. They are so busy working all day in a competitive environment ④________ they have little time for fun and friends. That may explain ⑤________ more and more young people are choosing to keep pets for companionship. Apart from relieving loneliness, there is evidence ⑥________ keeping a pet reduces stress and may even improve overall health.
【语篇解读】
越来越多的年轻人开始养宠物,不仅是因为压力大,也是因为生活成本的上涨。
【详情解析】
①that 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,“①____ China's urban pet consumer market is expected to break through the 200 billion yuan threshold this year”是宾语从句,从句在结构和句意上均完整,应用that引导宾语从句。
②why 考查定语从句。该句是定语从句,先行词是reason,从句中缺少原因状语,故用关系副词why引导定语从句。
③that 考查名词性从句。该句是表语从句,从句在句意和结构上均完整,故用that引导表语从句。The reason why ... is that ... “……的原因是……”。
④that 考查状语从句。句意:他们整天忙于工作,在一个竞争的环境中,他们没有时间娱乐和朋友。根据句意和该句中的so可知,此处是so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”结果状语从句,故填that。
⑤why 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“⑤____ more and more young people are choosing to keep pets for companionship”是explain的宾语,从句中缺少状语,结合上文叙述的年轻人忙于工作,竞争大,没时间交友放松可知,此处解释年轻人养宠物的原因,故用why引导宾语从句。
⑥that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,该句是同位语从句,先行词是evidence,从句在结构和句意上均完整,应用that引导同位语从句。
维度2 易错专练
用括号内单词的正确形式填空,注意特殊词形变化
In half a century, the Internet has transformed society. Billions of us can connect at the touch of a button. Access to information, banks ①________ shops has never been easier. The world has changed ②________ (dramatic) and continues to do so in ways ③________ we couldn't have imagined. However, the Internet isn't without disadvantages. By design, it has no central authority, ④________ makes protecting people online or dealing with misinformation a nearimpossible task.
⑤________ the Internet develops will shape our future. If the past 50 years has been dominated by free and open exchanges, the next 50 will be about ⑥________ rules and restrictions can actually make the Internet, and the world, a better place.
【详情解析】
①and 考查连词。设空前的banks和设空后的shops是并列关系,故用连词and。
②dramatically 考查词形转换。设空在句中作状语,修饰谓语changed, 应用副词, 故填dramatic的副词形式dramatically。
③that/which 考查定语从句。 该句是定语从句,先行词是ways, 从句中imagined后缺少宾语,应用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
④which 考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句,关系词指代主句的全部内容,表“这一点”, 应用which引导非限制性定语从句。
⑤How 考查名词性从句。分析句子可知,“ the Internet develops” 是主语从句,根据句意“网络如何发展将影响我们的将来”可知,此处缺少方式状语,故用How引导名词性从句。
⑥whether 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“⑥____ rules and restrictions can actually make the Internet, and the world, a better place” 作介词about的宾语,从句在句意上缺少“是否”, 应用whether引导宾语从句。
微记 只用whether 不用if的情况:a.与or not 直接连用;表选择的or连用;c.后接不定式;d.作介词宾语;e.作discuss的宾语。
维度3 语篇训练
语法填空
(上海市2022-2023学年度上学期复兴高级中学高三期中质量检测)
Hello, I’m Everything Oholic
Have you always blamed your chocolate habit and inability to stop smoking on your ‘addictive’ personality? According to science, there’s no such thing…
It’s a widely ____1____ (hold) belief that some people are just hardwired to be addicted. But is there actually any evidence ____2____ this? According to addiction expert Prof Robert West, there isn’t. However, there are personality characteristics, like anxiety, depression and impulse control problems, that ____3____ make a person more vulnerable (易受伤害的) to addiction. He says this is an important distinction, because the term ‘addictive personality’ implies that if a person stops one additive behaviour, they’ll just start another, and that’s not what happens. If a person has underlying risk factors for addiction, ____4____ it’s related to their mental health, their personality, or other factors such as a family history, then stopping one behaviour will not then make them immune (免疫的) to the risk of other addictions. But they won’t be more at risk of another addiction just ____5____ they overcame one.
West points to research____6____ investigated the impact of stopping smoking on a person’s drinking behaviour. Studies have found that when people stop smoking, they also show a short-term reduction in alcohol consumption, which gradually returns to the level it was at before ____7____ (quit) smoking. But alcohol consumption doesn’t increase after they stop smoking, and the same is true of smoking heaviness when people give up alcohol. “If anything, stopping ____8____ can be helpful in stopping or reducing the other,” says West. Of course, there are exceptions and stories of individuals who have given up one substance or behaviour, only____9____ (have) another take over their lives. According to West, while the vulnerabilities are still there, there’s no evidence that an addictive personality_____10_____ (exist).
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为,有些人天生就上瘾。但事实上没有证据证明这一点。
【详情解析】
1.考查过去分词。句意:人们普遍认为,有些人天生就上瘾。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰名词belief与动词hold是被动关系,故用过去分词。故填held。
2.考查介词。句意:但事实上有证据证明这一点吗?分析句子可知,空格处应填入介词。evidence常与介词for搭配。故填for。
3.考查情态动词。句意:然而,有些性格特征,如焦虑、抑郁和冲动控制问题,会使人更容易上瘾。根据空格后的动词原形make可知,空格处应填入情态动词。由句意可知,此处指“可能会”,故用can。故填can。
4.考查连词。句意:如果一个人有成瘾的潜在危险因素,并且与他们的心理健康、性格或其他因素(如家族史)有关,那么停止一种行为并不能使他们免受其他成瘾的风险。分析句子可知,空格处应填入连词。由句意可知,此处是并列关系,故用and。
5.考查状语从句。句意:但是,他们不会因为克服了一种瘾就更容易再次上瘾。分析句子可知,空格处应填入从属连词。由句意可知,此处是因果关系,故用because引导。故填because。
6.考查定语从句。句意:韦斯特指出,一项研究调查了戒烟对一个人饮酒行为的影响。分析句子可知,空格处应填入定语从句引导词。先行词是research,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,故用which/that。故填which/that。
7.考查动名词。句意:研究发现,当人们停止吸烟时,他们的饮酒量也会短期减少,并逐渐恢复到戒烟前的水平。分析句子可知,空格处应填入动名词。是介词,后用动名词作宾语。before doing sth.意为“在做某事之前”。故填quitting。
8.考查代词。句意:韦斯特说:“如果有什么不同的话,停止一个可以有助于停止或减少另一个。”分析句子可知,空格处应填入代词one作宾语,和后面的the other相对应。故填one。
9.考查动词不定式。句意:当然,也有一些例外和故事,一些人放弃了一种物质或行为,只是为了让另一种物质接管他们的生活。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词。only to do是固定结构,在句中作结果状语,表示意料之外的结果。故填to have。
10.考查动词的时态。句意:根据韦斯特的说法,尽管脆弱性仍然存在,但没有证据表明上瘾的人格存在。分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文判断,此处应用一般现在时。主语是an addictive personality,单数,故谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。故填exists。
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