高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案：动词的时态语态（含答案）

高考二轮语法回顾与训练---动词的时态语态

1.动词时态就是动作行为的时间状态。时间有现在、过去、将来、过去将来；动作分一般、完成、进行、完成进行，这样就构成了16种时态。语态则分为主动语态和被动语态，英语中的被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成，be为助动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。时态和语态的变化主要体现在谓语动词的变化。课程标准只要求高中生掌握以下常见的10种时态用法。

2.考点归纳

一、一般现在时

1. 一般现在时用动词原形（do）（主语是第三人称单数用does）和be动词（is，am，are）构成。

2. 第三人称单数谓语动词变化规则是：

（1）一般情况加“-s”。

eat - eats; move - moves; read - reads; show - shows; spend - spends; work - works; write - writes

（2）以辅音加“y”结尾的词把“y”改成“i”，再加“-es”（但元音字母加“y”结尾的则直接加“-s”）。

bury - buries; carry - carries; clarify - clarifies; copy - copies; cry - cries; fly - flies; fry - fries; hurry - hurries; rely - relies; study - studies; try - tries; worry - worries。

（这些词是元音字母加“y”结尾）betray - betrays; convey - conveys; delay - delays; destroy - destroys; enjoy - enjoys; obey - obeys; pay - pays; play - plays; pray - prays; stay - stays。

（3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的词加“-es”。

do - does; go - goes; pass - passes; guess - guesses; fix - fixes; approach - approaches; catch - catches; teach - teaches; watch - watches; wash - washes

brush - brushes; finish - finishes; push - pushes; punish - punishes; publish - publishes; rush – rushes

（注意：以“th”结尾的词只加“s”。如：month - months）

3、一般现在时的用法。

（1）一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常和always, often, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。

On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.     

（2）一般现在时表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。

    “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step shows.”

（3）在时间或条件状语从句中，须用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态，而不用一般将来时。

Whenever you buy a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.    

（4）一般现在时常可表示计划或安排好的将来的动作，多用于go, come, arrive, leave, start, open, close等动词，通常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

We leave London on 15th July, and we’ll be flying to Morocco, in northern Africa.

二、一般过去时

1、一般过去时用动词过去式（did）（be动词用was; were）构成。

2、行为动词加-ed的规则：

（1）一般情况下动词词尾加 ed。

ask - asked; destroy - destroyed; exist - existed; finish - finished; happen - happened; played - played; remain - remained; want - wanted; work - worked

（2）以不发音的e结尾动词，动词词尾加d。

advise - advised; change - changed; decide - decided; decline - declined; desire - desired; face -

faced; force - forced; judge - judged; like - liked; live - lived; require - required; urge - urged; wipe - wiped

（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-ed。

bury - buried; carry - carried; copy - copied; cry - cried; empty - emptied; hurry - hurried; justify - justified; rely - relied; study - studied; try - tried; try - tried; worry - worried

（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed。

admit – admitted; ban - banned; drag - dragged; drop - dropped; grab - grabbed; occur - occurred;

permit – permitted; plan - planned; stop - stopped; scan - scanned; shop - shopped; sob - sobbed; swap - swapped; trap - trapped

（5）不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

3、一般过去时的用法。

（1）一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常和a moment ago, half an hour ago, just now, yesterday, last week, in 2005, in those days, at that time, in the past, the other day等表示过去的时间状语连用。

Last year, however, nearly twenty billion tons of rice was produced.

（2）表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。

He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor.

（3）表示过去时间内经常的或习惯性的动作或状态。

I lived in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.  

三、一般将来时

１. 一般将来时一般由“shall / will + 动词原形”构成，表示将来要发生的事。

Next month we will have our school open day, which makes everyone excited.

2. “be going to + 动词原形”结构表示打算做某事或即将发生某事。

The speech is going to be at 3 p.m. on 9th October.

3. “be to + 动词原形”结构表示即将发生某事，或按计划安排要发生的事。

We are to finish this experiment in two months at most.

四、过去将来时

过去将来时一般由“should / would + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去某一时间看，即将发生的动作或存在的状态。

They always told us that one day we would move into a house, a real house that would belong to us.   

五、现在进行时

1. 现在进行时由“am / is / are + v.ing”构成。

2. 行为动词加-ing的规则：

（1）一般情况直接加-ing。

enjoy - enjoying; paint - painting; pass - passing; read - reading; watch - watching; work - working

（2）以不发音的e结尾的要去e加-ing。

hope - hoping; introduce - introducing; move - moving; shave - shaving; taste - tasting; write - writing

（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，要双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ing。

begin - beginning; control - controlled; cut - cutting; drop - dropping; equip - equipping; get - getting; hit - hitting; plan - planning; prefer - preferring; put - putting; refer - referring; run - running; sit - sitting; set - setting; stop - stopping

（4）以ie结尾的动词要改ie为y，再加-ing。

die - dying; lie - lying; tie - tying

3. 现在进行时的用法：

（1）现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的事情。

Because my brother is filling in an application form for a new job, we don’t bother him with these simple questions.  

（2）现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。

Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing sharply.

（3）现在进行时常与always, forever, constantly等副词连用，带有厌恶、赞扬等感情色彩。

That she is always changing her mind often annoys others.

六、过去进行时

1. 现在进行时由“was / were + 动词-ing”(v.-ing)构成。

2. 过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作，常与at this / that time yesterday, the whole evening, all day yesterday等时间状语连用。

Jim was watching a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.         

七、将来进行时

1. 将来进行时由“shall / will be + 现在分词”构成。

2. 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般与表示将来的时间状语连用，如soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, at this time tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。

Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.

八、现在完成时

1. 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。

现在完成时表示：

（1）它表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在。

（2）表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。

现在完成时的标志词有以下一些：since; since then; already; yet; lately; recently; of late; so far; till now; up to now; in / over / for / during the past days / weeks / months / years

The marathon has been an Olympic even since the modern games started in 1896.

2. 现在完成时的特殊句型：

（1）It is the first / second time that sb + have / has + 过去分词。

It is the second time that John has held an art exhibition. 

（2）It / This is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 +（that）… have / has + 过去分词。

This is the most interesting book that I have read. 

九、过去完成时

1、过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。

过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”，常与by, before, when, until等引导的时间状语连用。

Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

2、过去完成时的特殊用法：

（1）It was the first / second time that sb + had + 过去分词。

It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.

（2）It / That was the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 +（that）sb had + 过去分词。

He said it was the most expensive meal that he had had.  

（3）hope, expect, mean, intend, plan, suppose, think, want等动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或打算。

I had meant to accompany my son last Saturday, but I had to work extra hours to prepare the examination paper. （= I meant to have accompanied my son…）

（4）过去完成时还用于两个常用句型的主句中：hardly / scarcely…when和no sooner…than （一…就…）。

Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.  

（5）主语 + 过去完成时 + by +（过去时间）。

I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.

（6）主句（过去完成时）+ by the time + 从句（过去时）。

Steve Jobs had earned millions of dollars by the time he was fifteen.

十、现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时由“have / has been + 现在分词”构成。它表示动作从过去发生，持续进行到现在，可能还要进行下去。

Jack appears exhausted. He along with his two thirteen-year-old twin brothers has been painting the house, and he must finish the work tomorrow.

I’m tired.I’ve been painting the living room all day.

十一、主动形式表被动意义

1. 英语中有很多动词（如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等），当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily, well等副词连用。

特别提醒：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

This kind of cloth washes easily and sells well.

2. 表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。

The water felt cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.

3. 在need, want, require, deserve等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

The house which needs repairing/to be repaired belongs to his grandfather. 

4. 在某些“主语（人 / 物）/ It + be + 形容词 + 不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, pleasant等。

She is hard to please. Everything has to be perfect. 

This English song is easy to learn.  

5. “介词in、on、under等 + 名词”构成介词短语表被动意义。

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常考的有：

under control受控制  

under treatment在治疗中  

under repair在修理中

under discussion在讨论中 

under construction在施工中

The problem which is under discussion draws everyone’s attention. 

注意：不及物动词是没有被动语态的。常考的有以下一些，请同学们用心记住。

happen, occur, rise, arise, die, fail, appear, survive, remain, break out, come about, take place, run out, break out, come up, come out, belong to, date back to, date from

十二、常考的一些被动句型

1. I’m fully / greatly convinced that… 我深信…

2. It is generally acknowledged that… 人们普遍认为…

3. As is known to us all, … 众所周知…

4. It is said / believed / reported that… 据说/人们相信/据报道…

= sb / sth is said to do sth / to be doing sth / to have done sth

强化训练

一、语法填空：在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. Finally the slave trade ________ (abolish) in 1807.  

2. It was the first time that Aston ________ (admit) to stealing a vehicle.

3. So far all flights and high speed trains ________ (cancel) because of the typhoon.

4. An amusement park is under ________ (construct).

5. At present, lots of food with medicines ________ (transport )from all over China to the earthquake-

stricken areas.

6. He’s a responsible writer, and he deserves ________ (respect).

7. A cook ________ (fire) if he is caught ________ (smoke)in the kitchen.

8. I________ (try) to phone Tom all evening, ________ I can’t seem to get ________ There must be something wrong with the network.

9. He glanced quickly ________ his shoulder to see if he ________ (follow)

10. The thief glanced at the newspaper headline, ________ (realize) that he ________ (want) by the police, and then he ________ (immediate) escaped.

11.Hardly had it________(strike)0 o’clock on November 11________ the shopaholics（购物狂）began to shop online ________ (crazy).

12. Honestly, I ________ (hurt) because I had no idea why you took no notice of what we ________ (value) before.

13. Weather ________ (permit), the party ________ (hold) in the garden as scheduled.   

14. The police ________ (search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. 

15. The Grammy Awards ________ (present) every year to those who have made great ________ (achieve) in the music industry in the United States.

二、单句改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。

1. Scientists had explored the cure of AIDS in the last 20 years.

2. Last week a tennis ball hits me on the head, but I tried to neglect the pain, believed that it would go away sooner or later.

3. Founding in 1852, it was one of the first and most ambitious US department store.  

4. A fire broke out in the market yesterday, but fortunately no one hurt.

5. Large quantities of informations as well as some timely help have offered since the organization was built.    

6. One-third of the country are covered with tree and the majority of the citizens are black people.  

7. No sooner had she said it when she burst out tears.

8. Within ten years, she had a new leg which freed her from the pain that has troubled her for 16 years.  

9. One day I saw an advertisement in a local newspaper. I ring up the company, and I given the job

immediately.   

10. Fortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the tough task.

三、翻译。

1. 我本打算拜访你的，但是我正要离开的时候有人来看我。

2. 这是第三次他被告知会议的变化。

3. 他刚一开始说话观众就打断了他。

4. 过去三年来，我一直忙于照顾我的小孩以致于我没有时间参加一些社会活动。

5. 他的评论和正在讨论的主题没有关系。

6. 下周一这部新电影将在新建的电影院上映

7. 我们不能使用阅览室，因为它正在维修。

8. 三年前，我的父亲出了一场严重的车祸。

9. 高考的学生每天都是6点起床。

10. 人们普遍认为，阅读能增长我们的知识，拓宽我们的视野。

参考答案：

一、语法填空

1. was abolished  2. had admitted  3. have been cancelled  4. construction  5. is being transported  6. respecting / to be respected  7. will be fired; smoking  8. have been trying; but; through  9. over; was being followed  10. realizing; was wanted; immediately  11. struck; when; crazily  12. was hurt; had valued  13. permitting; will be held  14. were searching  15. are presented; achievements

二、单句改错

1. had - have; of - for

2. hits - hit; believed - believing

3. Founding - Founded; store – stores

4. hurt前加was

5. informations - information; offered前加been

6. are - is; tree - trees

7. when - than; out – into

8. has - had

9. ring - rang; given前was

10. have - had

三、翻译

1. I had meant to visit you, but I was about to leave when someone came to see me.

2. This/It was the third time that he had been informed of the changes of the meeting.

3. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him.

4. Over the past three years, I have been occupied in attending to my baby so that I haven’t had time to join in some social activities.

5. His remarks aren’t related to the topic under discussion.

6. The new film will be put on at the newly-built cinema next Monday.

7. We can’t use the reading-room, because it is being repaired/under repair.

8. Three years ago, my father came across a serious accident.

    Three years ago, a serious accident happened to my father.

9. Senior three students get up at 6 o’clock every day.

10. It is generally acknowledged that reading can increase our knowledge and broaden our horizons.