高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案：句子的种类（含答案）

高考二轮语法回顾与训练---句子的种类

1.英语语句按句子用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类；按句子结构可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三类。

2.考点归纳

一、陈述句：叙述一项事实的句子称为陈述句，可分为肯定句和否定句。

Playing with chopsticks at table is thought to be impolite.（肯定句）

The teenager didn’t have a cell phone at hand then, otherwise he wouldn’t have been stuck in the lift for so long.（否定句）

二、疑问句：用于提出问题的句子叫疑问句，按结构可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

1、一般疑问句：用yes或no来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。其结构是：助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它成分。

Would you be so kind as to attend the English speech competition as a judge? 请您参加英语演讲比赛并担任评委好吗？

Could you please help me polish the language and format of the application, as well as the  resume attached to the letter? 你能帮我修改申请信以及所附简历的文字和格式吗？

一般疑问句的否定式通常把be、have或情态动词和not的简略式n’t一起放在句首。

- Haven't you had your breakfast yet？

- No, I woke up late this morning and I didn’t have time.

2、特殊疑问句：用疑问词提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。其结构是：疑问词 + 一般疑问句。

When were chopsticks invented? 筷子是什么时候发明的？

How can I choose words properly so as to inform him of my disappointment? 我如何能合适的选择词汇，以告知他我的失望？

By the way, how can we get to your city from the airport and which hotel shall we reserve?

3、选择疑问句：用连词or连接询问的两部分的疑问句，以供选择。

Do you feel like dining out for a change or would you rather we two had supper at home? 你想外出换个口味，还是你愿意我俩在家里吃晚饭吗?

4、反意疑问句：反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句，指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问疑问，用于对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问或表示证实。陈述部分与附加部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，但是肯定和否定形式却彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问句部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，附加部分用肯定式。

Jim likes English very much, doesn’t he? 吉姆很喜欢英语，对吗？

The woman had a good time at the party last night, didn’t she?

He doesn’t have any money with him, does he? 他没带钱，是吗?

三、祈使句：用于表示命令、请求或建议的句子。其主语经常省略。

Always have courage like that and you will make your mark.

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今天能做的事绝不要拖到明天。

Turn down the radio. The baby is asleep in the next room. 把收音机声音调小，孩子在隔壁房间睡着了。

重点句型：祈使句 / 名词词组 + and / then / or / or else / otherwise + 简单句。

Work hard and you will succeed.

= If you work hard, you will succeed.

Five minutes earlier, and we could have caught the early bus.

= If we had been five minutes earlier, we could have caught the early bus.

A bit more efforts, I think, and the problems could be settled. 我认为，再努力些，问题就能解决。

四、感叹句：用以表达快乐、痛苦、惊讶、哀叹、遗憾等强烈情感。感叹句常用how或what 引导。

1. how修饰形容词、副词或动词构成感叹句。

（1）How + 形容词或副词 + 主语（单数或复数）+ 谓语！

How beautiful the flower is / the flowers are!

How fluently she speaks English! 她讲英语多么流利啊!

（2）How + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + be！

How careless a driver he is!

How lovely an oil painting it is! 它是多么可爱的一副油画啊！

（3）How + 主语 + 行为动词（谓语）！

How the wind blows! 风吹得多猛！

2. What修饰名词构成感叹句。

（1）What a / an + 形容词修饰的单数可数名词 + 主语 + be！

What a beautiful picture it is!

What an interesting film it is! 那是多么有趣的一部电影！

（2）What + 形容词修饰的不可数名词 + 主语 + be！

What good news this is!

What fine weather we are having these days! 这些日子我们遇到的天气多么晴朗！

（3）What + 形容词修饰的复数名词 + 主语 + be！

What strange ideas you have!

What beautiful pictures they are! 它们是多么美丽的照片啊!

五、简单句（五种基本句型 + there be 结构）

句型一：主语 + 谓语（vi.）

Hearing the news, the pupils jumped and cheered with joy. 听到这个消息，学生们高兴得欢呼雀跃。

In order to keep fit, we should exercise regularly. 为了身体健康，我们应该定期锻炼。

句型二：主语 + 系动词 + 表语

常见系动词有：be动词（am, is, are, was, were）；感觉（feel, look, smell, taste, sound）；仍然（remain, continue, stay, keep）；变成（become, come, go, get, grow, turn）；似乎（seem, appear）；证明是（prove）。

The car at the gate is mine. 门口那辆小车是我的。

Most importantly, I have become more confident. 更重要的是，我变得更加自信了。

句型三：主语 + 谓语（vt.）+ 宾语

While visiting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists’ works. 参观艺术展览时，我们讨论了伟大艺术家的作品。

Before arriving in Canada, we had made careful preparations for the camp. 来加拿大之前，我们对这次训练营做了充分准备。

句型四：主语 + 谓语（vt.）+ 间接宾语（人）+ 直接宾语（物）

常见接双宾语的动词有：answer, bring, buy, choose, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take等。

一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for。

Please show me your picture. = Please show your picture to me.  

My father bought me a new bicycle as a birthday present. = My father bought a new bicycle for me as a birthday present. 父亲给我买了辆新自行车作为生日礼物。

句型五：主语 + 谓语（vt.）+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语

常见的谓语动词有：

（1）感官动词：see, notice, observe, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find(发现), smell…

（2）使役动词：

用于have sb do sth结构的动词还有let，make…

用于get sb (not) to do sth结构的动词还有advise / allow / ask / beg / cause / command / drive / enable / expect / encourage / forbid / force / inform / instruct / invite / order / permit / persuade / recommend / remind / request / require / teach / urge / want / warn / wish…

（3）表示心里状态的动词：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine…

（4）表示情感状态的动词：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect…

（5）“使 / 让…保持某种状态”的动词：keep, leave…

I find many courses in your program interesting.

These activities will make them happy. 这些活动会使他们很开心。

句型六：there be 结构

There be 结构中的be可用含有“存在”意义的其它动词代替，如lie, stand, live, come, exist, flow, rise, appear, enter, seem, be likely to be（可能有）, used to be（过去有）,   remain（还有）等。还要注意there be 结构用在不同时态中的形式。

There are more than 300 shops along this 800-metre street.

There stands a temple on the top of Mount Mingfeng. 鸣凤山上耸立着一座寺庙。

There seemed to be more difficulties than we had expected. 困难似乎比我们预料的多。

There have been great changes in China in the past several decades. （现在完成时）  

六、并列句

两个简单句之间加上一个并列连词，如and, but等。

My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses.

I’m a Chinese student, and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during this vacation. 我是一位中国学生，计划今年假期去英国上暑假学校。    

七、复合句（详见专题“定语从句”“状语从句” “名词性从句”）

强化训练

一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. With winter________ (draw) near, the broken house with its door wants ________ (repair).

2. Worse still, the headphones ________ (not perform) well and I ________ (annoy) with the sound.

3. Give blood if you can ________many lives will be saved.

4. Get up early tomorrow, ________you’ll miss the first bus.

5. A few quality problems ________ (arise) when I began to use the phone.

6. ________ (use) the phone for several days, I find that there ________ (exist) a problem that I can’t approach on my own.

7. Can you keep us ________(inform) of your arrangements about our stay in your city?

8. The cover of the novel is ________(break) and there are some ________(dirt) spots on it due to the poor packaging.

9. I’d like you ________ (take) a photo of the________(break) cup and send it to me in no time.

10. iSpeak is a website which________ (focus) on online ________ (speak) Chinese teaching.

二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。

1. A smile do not always mean that we are truly happy.（陈述句的否定句）

2. If you are true interested in chopsticks, paying a visit to the Shanghai Chopsticks Museum.

3. How a pleasant surprise you gave us!

4. Trying some of this juice - perhaps you’ll like them.

5. It is believed that if a book is interested, it will surely interest in the reader.

6. I urged them change a new one for me, only to be told that the same model have been sold out.

7. Do you want to have the dictionary deliver to your house and would you prefer to come to the shop for it?

8. You seldom send him an e-mail, don’t you?

9. Please check the book and careful with the packaging in advance this time.

10. I’m terrible sorry to know that one of the china tea-cups is broken, but to take it easy.

三、翻译。

1. 时间过得真快啊！

2. 这对我来说真是一次难忘的经历。

3. 在你方便的时候能带我参观本市足球俱乐部吗？

4. 更重要的是，我比以前更加自信了。

5. “英语词汇量很大，是吗？”

    ”是的。知道更多的单词和习惯用语，你会发现阅读和交流更容易。”

6. 我订购的图书应该三天前收到，但是现在还没到。

7. 那些日子，我们一起学习和玩耍，非常快乐。

8. 所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。

9. 请您抽出几分钟时间检查书信中所附的草稿！

10. 有中餐和西餐供你选择。

参考答案

一、填空

1. drawing; repairing / to be repaired（陈述句）

2. don’t perform; am annoyed 

3. and 

4. or  

5. arose 

6. Having used; exist 

7. informed 

8. broken; dirty 

9. to take; broken 

10. focuses; spoken

二、改错

1. do - does

2. true - truly；paying - pay（祈使句）

3. How - What（感叹句）

4. Trying - Try（祈使句）；them - it

5. interested - interesting；删除in

6. change前加to；have 改为had

7. deliver - delivered；and - or

8. don’t - do

9. careful前加上be

10. terrible - terribly；删除to

三、翻译

1. How time flies!（感叹句）

2. This is really an unforgettable experience for me.（陈述句）

3. Would you show me around the football club in your city if it is convenient for / to you?（疑问句）

4. Most importantly, I’ve become more confident than before.（陈述句）

5. - English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?（反意疑问句）

    - Yes. Know more words and expressions and you’ll find it easier to read and communicate.（祈使句 + and + 简单句）

6. The books I ordered should have reached me three days ago, but they haven’t arrived up to now.

7. Those days, we studied and played together, having a lot of fun.

8. All these dictionaries are of great help to me.

9. Would you please spare a few minutes to check the draft attached to the letter?

10. There are Chinese food and western food for you to choose from.