高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案：形容词、副词（含答案）

高考二轮语法回顾与训练---形容词、副词

1.高考对形容词和副词的考查主要以形容词和副词的辨析为热点，同时对形容词和副词比较级、最高级以及与形容词和副词有关的习语结构进行考查。

2.考点归纳

形容词和副词

一、形容词和副词的基本用法

1. 形容词和副词的作用与位置

形容词修饰名词，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。副词修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下几种特殊情况，须牢记：

（1）形容词短语作定语时，定语后置。

This is a task difficult to address.

（2）形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。

He was lying in bed, awake.

（3）alone / afraid / asleep / awake / alive / ashamed / ill / well (身体好) 等常作表语而不作定语。

The man is ill.

（4）形容词作定语，修饰不定代词anything / something / nothing / someone等时，通常后置。

I have something important to tell you.

Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.

（5）else常作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

No one else can answer the question. 

Who else can answer the question?

（6）two-year-old; 200-metre-long; one-thousand-word等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只作前置定语。

We are looking forward to participating in the two­week festival.

（7）多个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

（8）频度副词如often, always, usually, seldom, hardly, never等在be动词后，行为动词前。

He is always helping others.

（9）后面跟形容词构成系表结构的动词有：

→ 感官：taste, sound, smell, look, feel

→ 保持：keep, remain, stay

→ 变得：become, get, turn, grow, go

→ 结果是、证明是：prove, turn out

→ 似乎：appear, seem

2. 形容词变副词的一般规律。

（1）一般情况下直接加“ly”。

quick - quickly; polite - politely; immediate - immediately, wide - widely（注意：true - truly）

（2）以y结尾的，一般将y改成i，再加ly：

happy - happily; heavy - heavily; angry - angrily; busy - busily（注意：shy - shyly）

（3）以ic 结尾的词，加ally：

basic - basically; scientific - scientifically; automatic - automatically（注意：public - publicly）

（4）以辅音字母+le结尾的，去e加y。

comfortable - comfortably  

flexible - flexibly   

gentle - gently

horrible - horribly    

possible - possibly   

probable - probably

simple - simply    

terrible - terribly   

unbelievable - unbelievably 

unforgettable – unforgettably

3. 以ly结尾的形容词或副词词性辨析

（1）有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。

brotherly adj. 兄弟般的；costly adj. 昂贵的；deadly adj. 致命的；adv. 非常；friendly；likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能；lively；lonely；lovely；ugly；silly；timely adj. 及时的；weekly adj. 每周的 adv. 每周 。

（2）表原意（无­ly）和引申意（有­ly）的副词：

deep（深）- deeply（深入地）  

wide（宽广）- widely（广泛地）

high（高）- highly（高度地）

The ship sank deep into the sea. (实际意义的“深”)

I was deeply moved by what he said. (抽象意义“深深地”)  

（3）有无­ly意义大不相同的副词：

pretty相当（be pretty certain that..）     

prettily漂亮地（be prettily dressed）

close近（Don’t stand close to the wire.） 

closely密切地；

仔细地（Watch closely!）

late晚；迟（arrive late）             

lately最近（I haven’t seen him lately.）

hard 努力地；大量地；认真地（work hard / rain hard / think hard） 

hardly 几乎不

二、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级

1. 一般规律

比较级和最高级的用法

在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。其中，像“A比B更……”的表达方式称为比较级;而“A最……”的表达方式则称为最高级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级或最高级的形态。

一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1.一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est;

(1)单音节词

如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

(2)双音节词

如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st;

如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

3.在重读闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;

如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;

如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

5.其他双音节词和多音节词(一个元音为一个音节)比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most;

如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

注意：(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。

例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

(2) 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。

It is a most important problem.

=It is avery important problem.

2.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。

如：good→better→best well→better→best

bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

3. 修饰比较级的词有much、a lot、a great deal、far、even、a bit、a little、any （否定句、疑问句中）；修饰最高级常用by far、the second、the third等。

The population of China is by far the largest in the world.

Africa is the second largest continent.

4. 特殊句式。

（1）as + 形容词 / 副词的原级 + as （像…一样）

    Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is).

（2）not as / so + 形容词 / 副词的原级+ as... （不如…那样）

The earphone is not as/so good as you advertised.

（3）as + adj. + a / an + 名词 + as （像…一样的）

Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).

（4）the + 比较级...，the + 比较级... （越…，越…）

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.

（5）the + 比较级+ of + 名词，表示“两个中较…的”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

（6）no + 比较级 + than表示“和…一样…；实际等于…”。

The patient is no better than he was yesterday. 病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。

（7）在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that (those)，one (ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that既可代替可数名词单数，又可替代不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。

The book on the table is more interesting than that (或the one) on the desk.

The rice production this year is twice that of last year.

Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.

I guess I need to do some research about how my college classes will differ from my high school ones.

（8）表示“最高程度”的形容词没有级别，如：favorite、perfect、top、unique、excellent、extreme等。

5. 比较级表达最高级含义

（1）否定词 + 比较级

Your story is perfect. I've never heard a better one before.

From my perspective, we can’t benefit from those activities more. 在我看来，我们从这些活动中受益匪浅。

I can’t attach more importance to working out regularly to keep fit. 我非常重视定期锻炼身体来保持健康。

（2）比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词

比较级 + than + anyone else

比较级 + than + the rest of + 复数名词或不可数名词

Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.

= Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.

= Julia is the tallest girl in her class.

三、注意下列副词的用法

1. though用作副词时，常用在句末，意为“然而；可是”，表转折。

    Many teenagers don’t think so, though.

2. therefore / thus“因此；所以”，表结果。

3. meanwhile“与此同时；在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。

4. moreover / furthermore / additionally“另外”，表示承接关系。

5. however“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。

6. besides“另外；还有”，表示递进关系。

7. instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。

8. anyhow / anyway“无论如何；不管怎样”。

9. somehow“不知怎么地；以某种方式”。

10. otherwise“否则；另外；以其他方式”。

四、倍数表达法

1. A is + 倍数 + 比较级 + than + B

2. A is + 倍数 + as +原级+ as + B

3. A is + 倍数 + the +名词(size, length, width, height, amount) + of + B

4. A is + 倍数 + that + of + B

5. A is + 倍数 + what引导的名词性从句

如：长江是珠江的三倍长。

The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.

The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.

The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.

The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.

又如：The price of apple is twice what it was last year.

强化训练

一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. If you feel ________ (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of ________ (great) and less importance.

2. Recent studies show that we are far ________ (productive) at work if we take short breaks ________(regular)．

3. Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very ________ (care) mother.

4. That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he’s ________ (rely).

5. I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ (many) in the coming years.

6. It was ________ (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got ________ (worry).

7. The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the ________ (likely) you will get hit.

8. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time - there are ________ (meaningful) things to do.

9. - How was your job interview?

-Oh, I couldn’t feel ________(bad). I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.

10. Due to the hard training they had done before, their performances were very ________ (impress).

11. Poor student behavior seems to be an ________ (increase) widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are ________ (probable) responsible for this.

12. I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone’s day a little ________ (bright). Together, we can really make our society come much ________(close) as a whole.

13. - Must I do some reading in English every day to improve comprehension?

- Well, you can never read ________ much while learning a foreign language.

14. It’s too late to set out to see a film now. ________ , we have a lot homework to do.

15. People who smoke are 13 times ________ (likely) to develop lung cancer than those who don’t.

二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。

1. Firms that provide relative high wages and good working conditions do not seem to have problems attract employees.

2. The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the more difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years.

3. The dishes that I cooked was Mom’s favoritest.

4. Of the two sisters, Betty is the young one, and she is also the one who loves to be quietly.

5. He sit down and started gentle talking to the dog.

6. Similar, people prefer movies that reflects their moods.

7. It is enjoyable and relaxed to sit by the river with some music go on.

8. A person’s weight is private, and make comments on it is definitely considered impolitely.

9. Could you be kinder enough to recommend some books to me for reference?

10. This is one of the effective steps we take to make our country an even clean place.

三、翻译

1. 如果你给我一些实用的建议，那再好不过了。

2. 这是我收到的最珍贵的礼物。

3. 你越细心，你犯的错就会越少。

4. 听说你前几天和父母争吵，我深表遗憾。

5. 我是一个随和的女孩，我相信我能胜任这个职位。

6. 此外，美味佳肴和先进设备让我们印象深刻。

7. 如果我是你的话，我就会保持冷静，和他们耐心沟通。

8. 常言道，“罗马并非一天建成”。你应该确定一个现实的目标，并努力将它实现。

9. 不仅我能让我的队友知晓美国文化，我也能在必要时给他们提供帮助。

10. 说实话，这个为期三天的活动对我们学生来说无疑是一次宝贵的经历，我们从中收获颇丰。

参考答案：

一、填空

1. stressed; greater  2. more productive; regularly  3. recently; caring体贴的；关心他人的 / careful

细心的  4. reliable  5. more  6. considerate; worried  7. harder; more likely  8. more meaningful  9. worse  10. impressive  11. increasingly; probably  12. brighter, closer  13. too14. Besides  15. more likely

二、改错

1. relative - relatively; attract - attracting 

2. more - most; worse - worst

3. was - were; favoritest - favorite

4. young - younger; quietly - quiet

5. sit - sat; gentle - gently

6. similar - similarly; reflects - reflect

7. relaxed - relaxing; go - going

8. make - making; impolitely - impolite

9. kinder - kind 10. clean - cleaner

三、翻译

1. Nothing could be better if you offered me some practical advice.

2. This is the most precious present that I have received.

3. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.

4. I’m terribly sorry to hear that you quarreled with your parents the other day.

Hearing that you quarreled with your parents the other day, I’m terribly sorry.

5. Such an outgoing girl am I that I am convinced that I will be qualified for / equal to / up to the post.

6. In addition / Additionally, it was delicious cuisines and advanced facilities / equipment that impressed me a lot / left a deep / lasting / favorable impression on us.

7. If I were you, I would stay calm and communicate with them patiently / with patience.

8. As a saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.” You are supposed to set a realistic goal and try hard / make every effort to make it achieved.

9. Not only can I keep my partners informed of the American culture, but I am also able to help / capable of helping them when necessary.

10. Honestly speaking, this 3-day activity is undoubtedly a valuable experience for us students, from which we have harvested / gained / reaped much.