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    高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题06谓语动词的时态与语态(二) (含解析)

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    这是一份高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题06谓语动词的时态与语态(二) (含解析),共21页。试卷主要包含了现在完成时,将来完成时,过去完成进行时等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    专题06 谓语动词时态与语态(二)【学与练】
    学完成体
    考点一 现在完成时
    1. 现在完成时结构:
    主语 + 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词
    否定句:have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t
    一般疑问句:have/has提前
    2. 现在完成时的用法:
    (1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是这个结果或影响,常与yet,already,just,before,lately等时间状语连用。
    —Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗?
    —Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的,我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。)
    I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片了。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)
    (2)过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。
    I haven’t seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。
    I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。
    They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。
    She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校,她就教我。
    3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用:
    (1)用于"过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果"的时间状语有:
    (2)用于"过去发生的事,一直延续到现在"的时间状语有:
    for + 时间段 for two years
    since + 时间点 since 2008
    since then
    since he came here
    so far 目前;迄今为止
    up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止;直到现在
    all the time 总是;一直
    recently/lately 最近
    these days 近几天
    by the end of...到……末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末
    during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中
    in the last /past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中
    (3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
    I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
    I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
    (4)非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
    I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
    (5)since与for用法比较

    用法
    例句
    since
    用来说明动作起始时间
    I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这里。
    My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑从1949年开始一直在一个小诊所工作。
    for
    用来说明动作延续时间长度
    I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在这里住了二十多年了。
    3. 现在完成时的常用固定句型
    (1)That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中,从句要用现在完成时。
    It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
    It is the third time that the boy has been late. 这是这个男生第三次迟到了。
    (2)"That/This/It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + (that)从句"中,that 从句要用现在完成时。
    This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。
    (3)在"It is/has been + 一段时间 + since ... "句型中,主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句用一般过去时。
    It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。
    It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3个月了。
    (4)一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句
    Two years has passed since I came here. 我来这儿已经两年了。
    考点二过去完成时
    1. 基本结构:
    肯定句:主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
    否定句:主语 + had + not + 过去分词 + 其他.
    一般疑问句:Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
    特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句(Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他)?
    2. 基本用法
    (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即"过去的过去"。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
      By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
    (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。
      I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已经等了20分钟。
      He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
    (3)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
    He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。
      I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
    (4)动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
      They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
      We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。
    (5)过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...,no sooner... than...,It was the first (second, etc) time (that)...等固定句型中。
    Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
      No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。
      It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。
    考点三 将来完成时
    1. 将来完成时的构成:"will/shall + have + 过去分词"。
    Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大学生活之后我能变成熟。
    Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 仅短短 5 年时间后,你的钱就会增多 94,000 美元。
    He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他会为昨天公布的电话民意调查结果感到鼓舞。
    2. 将来完成的用法
    (1)表示"将来完成":即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。
    When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已经上班去了。
    I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。
    (2)表示"持续":即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。
    We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩就结婚满1年了。
    By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我就已经为该公司工作24年了。
    (3)表示"推测:即表示根据某情况作出的推测。
    That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 准是罗兰。他说他7点钟回来。
    There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定会有结果。
    完成进行体
    考点一 现在完成进行时
    1. 现在完成进行时的定义
    现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。
    We have been waiting for him for two hours.
    2. 现在完成进行时的结构
    have/has been + doing
    3. 现在完成进行时所用的时间状语
    this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+时间段,since +时间点,for+时间段。
    They have been building the bridge for two months.
    They have been planting trees this month. 这个月他们在植树。
    4. 现在完成进行时的用法
    (1)表示动作的延续
    The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2,000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
    I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作)
    We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。(动作不再继续下去)
    ★ 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
    They have been living in this city for ten years.
    They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
    I have been working here for five years.
    I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作两年了。
    ★大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
    I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。(动作还将继续下去)
    I have written a book. 我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成)
    They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。
    They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。
    ★表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
    I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。
    I have been knowing...(×)
    ★ 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌等。

    考点二 过去完成进行时
    1. 构成:过去完成进行时是由"had been +现在分词"构成。
    She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
    Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
    2. 用法:
    (1)表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
    过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态, 上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。
    I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。
    They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等了几分钟车就来了。
    (2)表示反复的动作。
    He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
    (3)过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。
    The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。
    I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天待在哪儿。
    (4)过去完成进行时之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when从句。
    I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
    She’d only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。

    学被动语态
    被动语态的构成
    序号
    常用被动语态
    构成
    序号
    常用被动语态
    构成
    1
    一般现在时
    am/is/are asked
    6
    过去进行时
    was/were being asked
    2
    一般过去时
    was/were asked
    7
    现在完成时
    have/has been asked
    3
    一般将来时
    shall/will be asked
    8
    过去完成时
    had been asked
    4
    过去将来时
    should/would be asked
    9
    将来完成时
    will/would have been asked
    5
    现在进行时
    am/is/are being asked
    10
    含有情态动词的
    can/must/may be asked
    注意事项
    被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如:
    Trees should not be planted in summer. 夏天不应该种树。
    The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 这个男孩被他的同学取笑。
    Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。
    汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如:
    It is believed that…            It is generally considered that…           It is said that…
    It is well known that…         It must be pointed out that…              It is supposed that…
    It is reported that…            It must be admitted that…                It is hoped that…
    下面主动形式常表示被动意义:如:
    The window wants/needs/requires repairing.          The book is worth reading twice.
    The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.            The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.
    The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.
    下面词或短语没有被动态:
    leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等

    考点一 被动语态的基本时态变化
    被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为(以do为例):



    现在
    过去
    将来
    过去将来
    一般
    is / am / are done
    was / were done
    will / shall be done
    would / should be done
    进行
    is / am / are being done
    was / were being done


    完成
    have / has been done
    had been done
    will / shall have been done
    would / should have been done
    被动语态的特殊结构形式
    (1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词
    Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
    必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。
    (2) “get+过去分词”式被动语态
    在口语和非正式的语体中,常用“get+过去分词”表示被动语态,其中get相当于be动词,起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事,通常只表示动作,不表示状态。
    Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
    我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
    几种主动变被动的规则
    (1)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
    His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
    可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. (间接宾语为主语)
    A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. (直接宾语为主语,需加介词to)
    (2)当"动词+宾语+宾语补足语"结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
    Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
    可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
    (3)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
    Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
    可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
    (4)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如"动词+介词","动词+副词"等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
    The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词off不能遗漏)
    5.当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
    (1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。
    People said he was a smart boy.
    可变为:It was said that he was a smart boy.
    He was said to be a smart boy
    (2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
    类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
    考点二 不能用被动语态的几种情况:
    1.(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
    (2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
    (3)表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。
    (4)表示"希望、意图"的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
    (5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
    考点三 主动形式表被动意义的情况:
    (1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
    (2)当cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等词带状语修饰语时;
    (3)当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时;
    (4)want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
    (5)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
    (6)在"be + 形容词 + to do"中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。
    另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
    练单句语法填空
    1. Some American scholars ________ (think) China could hardly realize food-sufficiency because of the limited water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population growth.
    2.A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France ________ (employ) six birds, more exactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage — mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces.
    3.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients ________ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物).
    4.In the afternoon, we delivered a lecture to the students there. Not only ________ we give them tips on how to choose proper books for themselves, but also guided them on how to read different kinds of books.
    5.When the two parts ________ (put) together, it means people keeping their words win trust. You can understand the philosophy at first glance.
    6.I________ (walk) across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.
    7.Even though there ________ (be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city, it may take focus away from your studies.
    8.That promise may be years away from realization but rapid typing enabled by bioprinting at present ________ (push) medical advances forward at pace.
    9.Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China's brilliant Tang Dynasty. He had the desire to serve his country, but his life ________ (destroy) by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755.
    10.Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
    11.To stay healthy, the report ________ (suggest) that people do at least 150 minutes of moderate (适中的) physical activity or 75 minutes of intense physical activity every week.
    12.Hot pot restaurants can ________ (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu,but the quality and taste can vary hugely.
    13.In the past many years, the giant panda ________ (drive) out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development.
    14.In those toughest days, donations in cash and kind ________ (make) to help battle the disease. Thanks to the joint efforts, everything is getting better and better.
    15.Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles ________ (use) mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and eventually end up in the ocean.
    16.According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people ________ (choose) veganism over the past decade.
    17.Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I________ (live) in the heart of the city.
    18.Eggs are great for breakfast and can ________ (cook) in different ways. One topic of debate, however, is why brown chicken eggs usually cost more than white ones.
    19.Lucia was concentrating on her report, but the child's continual crying _________(drive) her crazy.
    20.Last year, a total of 57 pairs of oriental storks ________ (find) to nest and reproduce outside the reserve.
    21.But it didn't take long for Wu Lei to fit in after he ________ (move) from Shanghai SIPG to Spanish club Espanyol at the end of January.
    22.We________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
    23.The humble man ________ (refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should.
    24.When replying to a Hong Kong student’s question about water, Wang explained that the water they drink ________ (recycle), noting that there is no difference in taste between regular water and recycled water and every drop of water is made full use of there.
    25.The team________ (treat) more than 3,000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
    26.For years, large number of Harry Potter fans________ (be) to Edinburgh, Scotland, to visit the sites where it was reported author J.K. Rowling had started writing the series.
    27.Greta Thunberg, a 16­year­old Swedish climate change activist, ________ (elect) as 2019's “Person of The Year” last week.
    28.Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across North America on the third Friday of May. It________ (start) by the League of American Bicyclists in 1956.
    29.She would also like to see how she looks, cook a big meal for her parents and take a walk in the places she ________ (be) to hundreds of times.
    30.Till now new dates ________ (set) for the games-the Games will be held between July 23, 2021 and August 8, 2021.
    练短文语法填空
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Test 1
    Henan TV’s “Mid-Autumn Wonderful Tour” takes ____1____ (tradition) culture as its core content, and ____2____(adopt) the form of “web series” + “web variety shows” to present the beauty of intangible heritage, ____3____ is “beyond your imagination”.
    Chinese dance “crane coming home” shows the elegant posture and power of cranes and the beauty of the full moon ____4____ the Mid-Autumn night, while at ____5____ same time delivering good wishes for the Mid-Autumn festival with the “crane”.
    Martial art dance “Shaolin kung fu” presents the wonderful picture of dancers ____6____ (enter)the world of murals (壁画) and competing with monks. ____7____ (main) filmed in the Shaolin Temple, the show featured four different ____8____ (scene), namely, "Wind, Fire, Forest and Mountain", to present the magic of Chinese kung fu.
    Program “Guanghan Palace”, takes the fairy tale of Chang'e running to the moon as the prototype, and uses ____9____ (advance) techniques to visualize the beautiful life of Chang'e, yutu, moon, and Guanghan palace. The dancers' gentle steps and the lunar astronauts form a beautiful painting that expresses the vision of lunar exploration ____10____ ancient times to now.
    Test 2
    A recent survey by China Youth Daily found that 60 percent of respondents spend a daily average of more than an hour ____11____(watch) short videos, with 11 percent spending three hours or more on ____12____(they). Of the 2,017 total respondents, 74.2 percent said ____13____(reason) time management is necessary ____14____(avoid) excessive viewing of short videos.
    Short videos can be addictive ____15____social media platforms keep recommending relevant content once a video ends, said Yang Binyan,____16____is a researcher with the Institute of Journalism and Communication Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. She ____17____(add) that short videos, often showing fragments from day-to-day life, can induce (诱导) a feeling of social connectedness in viewers.
    ____18____ total of 73.7 percent of those surveyed said netizens (网虫) should take part in more offline ____19____ (activity), including outdoor ones, to avoid overindulgence in short videos, while 50.8% suggest such platforms set up an anti-addiction system.
    The number of China’s online short video users reached 873 million by the end of 2020, accounting_____20_____ 88 percent of total internet users.
    Test 3
    The name "Zhurong", ____21____means the god of fire in Chinese mythology, was revealed on Saturday at the opening ceremony of this year's events ____22____(mark) the Space Day of China held in Nanjing, capital city of east China's Jiangsu Province.
    The name____23____(indicate) Chinese people's blessing for the rover to ignite(点燃) the flame of China's planetary exploration. The rover is 1.85 meters high____24____ weighs about 240 kilograms, ____25____ a designed lifespan of three Martian months – equal to about 92 Earth days. It will probe the composition of the Martian surface, the distribution(分布) of____26____( material), the geological structure and the meteorological(气象的) environment.
    After landing, "Zhurong" the rover will be activated and conduct scientific exploration for ____27____(it) expected lifespan of at least 90 Martian days, ____28____(approximate) three months on Earth. The mission will study Mars' climate, geology, physical fields and internal structure. ____29____(support) the study, "Zhurong" _____30_____(equip) with multiple scientific payloads.
    练单句语法填空答案解析
    1.【答案】thought
    【解析】考查时态。句意:美国有学者认为,由于水资源有限,工业扩张导致农业用地减少,人口快速增长,中国很难实现粮食自给。根据“think”后宾语从句谓语动词“could hardly realize”(很难实现)是一般过去时,所以空格处也用一般过去时。故填thought。
    2.【答案】has employed
    【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:一群新的自由雇员加入了法国的劳动力大军。到目前为止,法国西部的一个主题公园雇佣了六只鸟,更准确地说是六只乌鸦,来收集和处理垃圾——主要是烟头和其它小碎片。分析句子成分可知,此处缺少谓语动词,根据时间状语so far,可知时态为现在完成时;句子主语a theme park和动词employ之间是主动关系,且主语是单数名词。故填has employed。
    3.【答案】are treated
    【解析】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:中医是一种用天然植物、动物和矿物药物治疗病人的保健系统。根据句意可知,此句描述一般事实,故用一般现在时。主语patients与treat是动宾关系,故用被动语态,因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态,即is/are done,主语patients是复数,因此空格处是are treated,故填are treated。
    4.【答案】did
    【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:我们不仅教他们如何为自己选择合适的书,而且还指导他们如何阅读不同种类的书。“not only”置于句首,用部分装结构;根据“but also guided them”可知,此处为一般过去时,所以空格处也要用一般过去时;该处谓语动词是“give”,所以用助动词do/did/does。故填did。
    5.【答案】are put
    【解析】考查动词语态和时态。句意:当这两部分结合在一起时,就意味着言行一致的人赢得了信任。分析句子结构可知,此空处为谓语动词;此处描述客观事实,故用一般现在时;谓语动词put和主语parts之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;主语为复数,故谓语动词用复数形式,故填are put。
    6.【答案】was walking
    【解析】考查动词时态。句意:一天早上,我正散步穿过阿尔特林查姆路,一个骑自行车的人绕过我,当被问及他在做什么时,他对我大喊大叫。此处为固定句型sb. was/were doing...when...,表示“某人正在做某事,这时……”。主语为I,be动词用was。故填was walking。
    7.【答案】are
    【解析】考查时态及主谓一致。句意:即使在城市里有更多的外出和做有趣的事情的机会,这可能会分散你学习的注意力。句子陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时;根据there be句型中的主语more opportunities可知,应用are。故填are。
    8.【答案】is pushing
    【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这一前景可能还需要数年时间才能实现,但目前生物打印带来的快速打印功能正在推动医学进步的步伐。表示动作目前正在进行,应用现在进行时,主语为rapid typing,谓语动词用单数。故填is pushing。
    9.【答案】was destroyed
    【解析】考查时态语态。句意:杜甫出生于公元712年,经历了中国辉煌的唐朝的灭亡。他有报效祖国的愿望,但755年的安史之乱毁了他的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词,由时间状语the An Lushan Rebellion of 755可知,时态用一般过去时,主语his life和谓语destroy是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done),主语为his life,谓语用单数形式。故填was destroyed.
    10.【答案】is viewed##has been viewed
    【解析】考查时态语态。句意:经常乘飞机去参加会议、演讲、研讨会等,被认为是科学家们聚在一起交流信息的重要方式。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,用现在完成时。动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系,故可以用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态,且动名词作主语,谓语用单数。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
    11.【答案】suggests 
    【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:为了保持健康,报告表明,人们至少每周进行150分钟的适度的体力活动或75分钟的剧烈的体力活动。分析句子可知,suggest作谓语动词,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语the report是单数,谓语动词suggest应用第三人称单数形式。故填suggests。
    12.【答案】be found 
    【解析】考查动词的语态。句意:成都几乎每条街都能找到火锅餐厅,但质量和味道差别很大。 分析句子可知,find是谓语动词,动词find和句子主语Hot pot restaurants之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态,“情态动词+be+过去分词”是情态动词的被动语态,故填be found。
    13.【答案】has been driven 
    【解析】考查时态语态。句意:在过去的许多年里,由于农业、森林砍伐和其他发展,大熊猫已经被赶出了它曾经生活的低地地区。根据时间状语In the past many years可知,此处应用现在完成时;drive在此处意为“驱逐,赶走”,panda和drive之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填has been driven。
    14.【答案】were made 
    【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在那些最艰难的日子里,人们用现金和实物捐款来帮助抗击疾病。由于大家的共同努力,一切都越来越好了。根据In those toughest days可知,这里在指过去的事情,句子主语donations是复数形式,和make之间是被动关系,所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填were made。
    15.【答案】are used 
    【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:塑料微珠或细小的固体塑料微粒在化妆品、洗面奶、牙膏和其他产品中被广泛使用。该段的主时态是一般现在时,Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles和use之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are used。
    16.【答案】have chosen
    【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:据《赫芬顿邮报》报道,美国有超过三百万人都是纯素食主义者。在过去的十年间,英国大约有54.2万人选择了素食。因为句末有时间状语over the past decade,所以句子谓语动词要用现在完成时态。故填have chosen。
    17.【答案】lived
    【解析】考查时态。句意:很多年前,当我还是个在本地画廊试图卖画的穷画家时,我就住在城市中心了。由时间状语Years ago和时间状语从句可知,主句中的动作live发生在过去,要用一般过去时。故填lived。
    18.【答案】be cooked
    【解析】考查被动语态。句意:鸡蛋是很好的早餐,可以有不同的烹饪方法。然而,争论的一个话题是为什么棕色鸡蛋通常比白色鸡蛋贵。鸡蛋是被烹饪,句子用被动语态,“can”是情态动词,其后的被动语态是be cooked,故填be cooked。
    19.【答案】drove
    【解析】考查动词时态。句意:露西亚在专心做她的报告,但是孩子不断的哭闹要把她逼疯了。根据句子结构和意思可知,此空考查一般过去时的谓语动词,“drive sb. crazy”把某人逼疯的意思。故填drove。
    20.【答案】were found
    【解析】
    【分析】考查一般过去时和被动语态。句意:去年,共有57对东方鹤在保护区外筑巢和繁殖。根据时间状语Last year可知,此处应用一般过去时。动词find和主语oriental storks构成被动关系,所以这里用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were found。
    21.【答案】moved
    【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:但在一月底从上海上港转会到西班牙人俱乐部后,武磊很快就融入了球队。分析可知,设空处为从句谓语动词,根据语境及at the end of January可知,此处使用一般过去时,该空应填过去式moved。故填moved。
    22.【答案】hired
    【解析】考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。我的自行车又旧又摇晃,但骑起来还行。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词应用过去式hired。故填hired。
    23.【答案】refused
    【解析】考查时态。句意:这位谦虚的男子在成为网络明星后拒绝了采访邀请,称自己只是做了自己认为应该做的事。根据“and”后并列谓语动词“said”是一般过去时,所以空格处也要填一般过去时。故填refused。
    24.【答案】is recycled
    【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在回答一名香港学生关于水的问题时,王解释说他们喝的水是被循环过的,并指出普通水和循环水的味道没有区别,每一滴水都被充分利用。分析句子结构可知,此处“that the water they drink ____ (recycle)”是位于“explained”后的宾语从句;从句中主语是“the water”,其后的“they drink”是定语从句修饰该主语;所以空格处应该填谓语动词,其与主语之间是被动关系,且宾语从句中所用时态是一般现在时,所以空格处也用一般现在时;主语“the water”是不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用三单式。故填is recycled。
    25.【答案】treated
    【解析】考查时态。句意:该团队在2006年印尼地震中治疗了3000多名受伤人员,并在2010年巴基斯坦洪水中花了几个月的时间为2.5万多名受害者提供援助。分析可知,所填动词为句子的谓语动词,结合时间 “in the 2006 earthquake”可知,应是一般过去时。故填treated。
    26.【答案】have been
    【解析】考查动词时态。句意:多年来,大量的哈利·波特迷都去苏格兰的爱丁堡,参观据报道作者J·K·罗琳开始创作该系列小说的地方。根据时间状语For years可知,用现在完成时,主语fans复数,谓语复数形式。故填have been。
    27.【答案】was elected
    【解析】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:上周,16岁的瑞典气候变化活动家格蕾塔·通伯格(Greta Thunberg)当选为2019年“年度人物”。分析句子可知,此处是句子谓语动词,主语“Greta Thunberg”和“elect”之间是被动关系,由“last week”判断时态为一般过去时,应用一般过去时的被动语态,即was/were done,主语是单数,因此空格处是was elected,故填was elected。
    28.【答案】was started
    【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:它是在1956年由美国自行车联盟发起的。根据句中“in 1956”可知句子陈述的是过去的事,且句中It代指的Bike-to-Work Day与start为逻辑上的被动关系,即Bike-to-Work Day被发起,所以句子应用一般过时的被动语态,It与was连用,start的过去分词为started。故填was started。
    29.【答案】has been
    【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:她还想看看自己长得怎么样,为父母做顿大餐,在去过几百次的地方散散步。根据hundreds of times以及句意可知,此处应用现在完成时。主语为she,助动词用has。故填has been。
    30.【答案】have been set
    【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,奥运会已经确定了新的日期——2021年7月23日至2021年8月8日之间举行。分析句意,句中的时间状语Till now译为“到目前为止”,是现在完成时的时间状语。主语 new dates和提示词set之间为被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,且主语是dates,谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been set。
    练短文语法填空答案解析
    Test 1
    1.traditional 2.adopts 3.which 4.on 5.the
    6.entering 7.Mainly 8.scenes 9.advanced 10.from
    【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了河南卫视的《中秋奇妙游》中一系列体现了传统文化的节目。
    1.考查词性转换。句意:河南电视台的“中秋节奇妙游”以传统文化为核心内容,采用“网络连续剧”+”网络综艺节目的形式,“呈现非物质遗产之美,这些都“超出你的想象”。通过分析可知,此处修饰名词culture,应该用形容词。故填traditional。
    2.考查时态。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,adopt做谓语, 与takes构成并列谓语动词。故填adopts。
    3.考查非限制性定语从句。句意同上。分析可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,指代前文描述的节目,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
    4.考查介词。句意:中国舞蹈《鹤归来兮》展示了鹤优雅的姿态和力量,以及中秋节夜的满月之美,同时用“鹤”祝福中秋节。此处指“在中秋节的晚上”,应用介词on。 故填on。
    5.考查冠词。句意同上。固定搭配at the same time。故填 the。
    6.考查非谓语动词。句意:武术舞蹈《少林·功夫》呈现了舞者进入壁画世界并与僧侣竞技的精彩画面。分析句子结构可知,enter作名词dancers的后置定语,主动关系,应用现在分词。故填entering。
    7.考查副词。句意:该剧主要在少林寺拍摄,以“风、火、森林、山”四个不同的场景为特色,来呈现了中国功夫的魅力。此处修饰动词film,应用副词。 故填Mainly。
    8.考查名词复数。句意同上。scene为可数名词,前有修饰词different,应用名词复数形式。故填scenes。
    9.考查形容词。句意:《广寒宫》这个节目,以嫦娥奔月神话为原型,运用先进的技术,可视化嫦娥、玉兔、月亮、广寒宫的美丽生活。此处修饰后面名词techniques,应该用形容词。故填advanced。
    10.考查介词。句意:舞者轻柔的脚步和月球宇航员形成了一幅美丽的画,表达了从古代到现在的月球探索景象。分析结构并结合句意可知,此处是固定搭配from.....to ...。 故填from。
    Test
    11.watching 12.them 13.reasonable 14.to avoid 15.as##because
    16.who 17.added 18.a 19.activities 20.for
    【解析】这是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了短视频对人们的影响。
    11.考查动名词。句意:根据中国青年报的调查发现:60%的被调查者每天平均花一个多小时观看短视频,11%的被调查者每天花3个多小时在短视频上。根据结构 spend...(in) doing sth. (花费……做某事)可知,该空用动名词形式。故填watching。
    12.考查代词。句意:根据中国青年报的调查发现:60%的被调查者每天平均花一个多小时观看短视频,11%的被调查者每天花3个多小时在短视频上。介词on 后面宾格代词them指代前面的short  videos。故填them。
    13.考查形容词。句意:在2017名被调查者中,74.2%的人说为了避免不断地观看短视频,合理的时间管理是必要的。修饰名词 time management 用形容词reasonable作定语。故填reasonable。
    14.考查动词不定式。句意:在2017名被调查者中,74.2%的人说为了避免不断地观看短视频,合理的时间管理是必要的。根据“be +adj. + to do”结构,该空用动词不定式形式。故填to avoid。
    15.考查连词。句意:中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所研究员杨斌燕表示,短视频可能会让人上瘾,因为一旦视频结束,社交媒体平台就会不断推荐相关内容。 根据句意表原因,用as/because引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。
    16.考查定语从句。句意:中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所研究员杨斌燕表示,短视频可能会让人上瘾,因为一旦视频结束,社交媒体平台就会不断推荐相关内容。空格处是非限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,先行词是Yang  Binyan,指人,在从句中做主语,用关系代词who。故填who。
    17.考查时态。句意:她补充说短视频常常展示生活中的碎片,能让观众产生一种社会联系感。add为谓语动词,讲述已经发生的事,前后时态保持一致,要用一般过去时,故填added。
    18.考查冠词。句意:共有73.7%的受访者表示,网民应该更多地参与线下活动,包括户外活动,以避免过度沉迷于短视频,而50.8%的人则建议此类平台建立一个反成瘾系统。固定表达 a total of (总共),首字母大写。故填A。
    19.考查名词的数。句意:共有73.7%的受访者表示,网民应该更多地参与线下活动,包括户外活动,以避免过度沉迷于短视频,而50.8%的人则建议此类平台建立一个反成瘾系统。activity是可数名词,根据more可知,要用名词复数形式。故填activities。
    20.考查介词。句意:到2020年底,中国在线短视频用户达到8.73亿,占互联网用户总数的88%。根据account for (占……比例)。故填for。
    Test 3
    21.which 22.marking 23.indicates 24.and 25.with
    26.materials 27.its 28.approximately 29.to support 30.is equipped
    【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。周六,中国航天日开幕启动仪式在江苏南京举行,启动仪式上,我国首辆火星车名称揭晓——“祝融号”。
    21.考查定语从句引导词。句意:周六,在中国东部江苏省省会南京举行的今年中国航天日活动的开幕式上,人们揭晓了这个名字——“祝融号”,中国神话里的火神。分析句子可知,空处应使用which引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中充当主语,指代先行词The name "Zhurong"。故填which。
    22.考查非谓语动词。句意:周六,在中国东部江苏省省会南京举行的今年中国航天日活动的开幕式上,人们揭晓了这个名字——“祝融号”,中国神话里的火神。分析句子可知,空处应使用非谓语动词,由于mark与先行词之间是主动关系,空处应使用现在分词作定语,修饰the opening ceremony。故填marking。
    23.考查动词。句意:火星车的名字象征着中国人民对它点燃中国星球探索之火的祝福。分析句子可知,句子应使用一般现在时。由于主语The name为第三人称单数,故填indicates。
    24.考查连词。句意:火星车高1.85米,重约240公斤,设计寿命为3个月,相当于约92个地球日。结合句意,空处应使用并列连词and,连接两个并列成分。故填and。
    25.考查介词。句意:火星车高1.85米,重约240公斤,设计寿命为3个月,相当于约92个地球日。with a lifespan of为固定用法,意为“有……时间的寿命”。故填with。
    26.考查名词。句意:它将探测火星表面的组成、物质的分布、地质结构和气象环境。分析句子可知,空处应使用可数名词复数形式,表泛指。故填materials。
    27.考查代词。句意:着陆后,“祝融号”将被激活,并在至少90个火星日的预期寿命内进行科学探测——在地球上大约3个月。分析句子可知,空处应使用形容词性物主代词its,作定语修饰lifespan。故填its。
    28.考查副词。句意:着陆后,“祝融号”将被激活,并在至少90个火星日的预期寿命内进行科学探测——在地球上大约3个月。修饰three months on Earth应使用范围副词。故填approximately。
    29.考查不定式。句意:为了支持这项研究,“祝融号”装载了多种科学有效载荷。分析句子,空处应使用不定式表目的。句子首字母大写。故填To support。
    30.考查时态语态。句意:为了支持这项研究,“祝融号”装载了多种科学有效载荷。分析句子,句子应使用一般现在时。由于equip与所修饰词"Zhurong"(第三人称单数形式)之间是被动关系,应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is equipped。



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