高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题10名词性从句 (含解析)

这是一份高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题10名词性从句 (含解析)，共25页。试卷主要包含了 宾语从句的时态，分割式同位语从句，若被同位语从句说明的名词是等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题10 名词性从句【学与练】
学名词性从句基本概念
1名词性从句的分类

名词性从句，包括四种从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。因为主语、宾语、表语、同位语这四种成分均可以由名词构成，所以这四种从句在主句中都充当了名词的作用，故将这四种从句统称为名词性从句。如：

1.That she will help me made us happy.（主语从句）
2.I can understand what he said.（宾语从句）
3.This is where I was born.（表语从句）
4.The fact that a heavy earthquake happened made me crazy.（同位語从句）

2名词性从句的连接词分类

1.that（无含义，不充当成分）
2.whether,if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分）
3.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语）
连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why （在从句中做状语）
4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句）
一、主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示＂……的东西＂时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
☞That she will succeed is certain.
☞It is certain that she will succeed.
注意：(1)在＂It is necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句＂结构中，从句谓语常用＂(should＋)动词原形＂形式。
3. 主语从句的特殊用法
（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换
☞What is needed has been bought.
☞All that is needed has been bought.
所有需要的都被买了。
（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换
☞It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.
As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.
What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。
4. 从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题
(1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。
(2)what引导的从向作主语，谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词常用复数。
What she said is wrong.她所说的是错误的。
What we need are books.我们所需要的是书籍。
二、宾语从句
1）宾语从句主要跟在动词、介词和某些形容词之后。
I wish hat he woud understand me. 我希望他能理解我。
Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.我们能否成功取决于我们合作得怎么样。
I’m afraid that I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了一个错误。
2）引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：
连接词：that，whether，if等
连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等
连接副词：when，where，why，how等
1. 连接词that，whether，if引导
I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。
I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?
I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。
4. 宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
5. 宾语从句的时态
（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。
He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。
注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：
①动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。
②hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示＂喜欢；痛恨；认为＂的动词或动词短语和see to表示＂注意，留意＂后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。
I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。
When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。
③介词后的宾语从句。
She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
④宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don’t think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don’t believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。
三、表语从句
引导表语从句的连接词主要有：
连接词：that，whether
连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever whomever，whichever，whatever
连接副词：when，where，how，why
1. 连接词引导
☞The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。
☞The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。
2. 连接代词和连接副词引导
☞The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
☞That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
注意：
（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。
☞It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。
☞At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why... is that...
☞The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他来得晚是因为起床晚了。
2表语从句的三个易混句式
句式
用法
例句
This/'That is why+结果

意为"这那就是.....to work there. 那就是的原因"，why 引导表语从句。
That's why I want you to work there.
我想要你在那儿工作的原因。

This/That/It is because +原因
意为"这/那是因为.....，because引导表语从句。
It's just because he |doesn't know her. 这
这仅仅是因为他不认识她 。
The reason why... is that...

意为"......的原因是……”，why定语从句，修饰先行词reason, that引导表语从句。
The reason why he didn't come was that it was raining heavily.他没有来的原因是 (当时)雨下得很大。

四、 同位语从句
1. 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名词之后；
2. 连接词that不能省略，无意义无成分；
3. 用whether而不用if引导同位语从句；
4. 连接代词who(m), which, what，whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；
5. 连接副词where, when, why, how在从句作状语。
6.分割式同位语从句：同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）。
☞The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.
7.若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice, suggestion, proposal(建议), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用"(should)+do"。
8.区别由that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句：
①定语从句中的that是代词，可在从句中作主、宾、表；同位语从句中的that是连词，无成分无意义；
②定语从句——说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系；
同位语从句——对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。
③在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。
五、名词性从句连接词难点
1.that的用法。
(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
☞That they are good at English is known to us all.
☞The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
☞The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.
(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：
①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；
②有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；
③介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；
④当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
☞He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.
☞The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
☞Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
(3)that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的＂先行词＋关系代词＂，即常说的＂先行词＋that＂。
☞It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
☞I will do what I can (do) to help him.
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子
是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
☞They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
☞The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句)
2.whether和if的用法。
☞ (1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。
It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。
☞I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。
☞Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
☞The question is whether they have so much money.
(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。
☞We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。
☞The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
☞I have not decided whether to go or not.
(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。
☞Thank you，but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示＂不管＂、＂无论＂，而if不能。
☞Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.
3.疑问词＋ever和no matter＋疑问词的区别。
(1)疑问词＋ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
☞Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
☞You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
(2)疑问词＋ever还可引导让步状语从句。
☞Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.
☞Whatever you do，you must do it well.
(3)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
☞No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.
☞No matter who comes late，he must be punished.
4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。
☞They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)
☞This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)
5.名词性从句中that不宜省略的几种情况
宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略，但在以下情况时，that不宜省略。
（1）当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。如：
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.
老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。
（2）当that前面有插入语时，that不宜省略。如：
Little Alice didn't know, I'm sure, that her sister was going to America.
我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。
（3）省略答语中，that宾语从句单独出现时，that不可省略。如：
—What did he say? 他说了什么
—That he would visit the Great Wall. (他说)他将会参观长城。
（4）当主句的状语部分位于that 宾语从句之前时，that不宜省略。如：
Jane realized at once that she must do with it herself. 珍立刻意识到她必须亲自处理那件事。(如省略that，at once也可能修饰从句，是表示＂立刻意识到……＂，还是表示＂立刻去处理……＂，较为含糊)
（5） 当that 宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时，that不宜省略。如：
☞Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his brother. 汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到500美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。
（6）当that 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不宜省略。如：
☞I will never tell anyone that you have ever been there.
我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿。
练单句语法填空
1．Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently.
2．It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, ________ yin and yang forces should he in balance.
3．It is recommending ________ the vaccine be administered in two doses(剂) to those aged 18 and over.
4．It should reveal information about ________ icebergs affect their surroundings by, for example, dumping fresh water into the ocean as they melt.
5．This should serve as a warning ________ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.
6．But perhaps ________ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.
7．It is estimated ________ coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to the world economy annually, providing food，protection of shorelines，and jobs.
8．However, the fact is ________ bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem. 9．Another reason is ________ many of today's young people believe it's wrong to kill animals for food.
10．Jim fell asleep in the math class today. That is ___________ he stayed up until midnight doing his homework.
11．The problem is ________ can take the place of her.
12．_________is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native speakers.
13．First, Adam had to think very carefully about ____ courses he wanted to take.
14．Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _____ worries the public.
15．When asked about ___________ inspired her to show such kindness towards a stranger, she simply shrugged and said, “I just try to do something nice.”
16．He didn’t finish his homework.That is ________he was punished by the teacher.
17．What has caused great confusion is ____________ the scientist made it without anyone else’s help.
18．One reason why there are so many French words in English is _____ the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
19．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________one can be entirely free from dust.
20．Your support is important to our work.________you can do helps.
21．The manager put forward a suggestion________we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
22．It is often the case________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
23．—I wonder________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
24．Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
25．We must find out________Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
26．You have to know________you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
27．I truly believe________beauty comes from within.
28．The exhibition tells us________we should do something to stop air pollution.
29．________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
30．________Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.
31．A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not________ships are built for.
32．It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
33．I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
34．Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.
35．Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
36．________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
37．As John Lennon once said，life is________happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
38．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s________I was born.”
39．“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is ________my mother used to tell me.
40．The best moment for the football star was________he scored the winning goal.
41．—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame，mum.I am________you have made me.
42．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing________you’re afraid to do.
43．Experts believe________people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
44．Police have found________appears to be the lost ancient statue.
45．It’s good to know________the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
46．________you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
47．It remains to be seen________the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
48．________struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
49．________one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
50．________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
51．________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
52．From space，the earth looks blue.This is________about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
53．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
54．Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell________ close you may be to victory.
55．It doesn’t matter________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
56．Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter________you have lived there for a short or a long time.
57．It is by no means clear________the president can do to end the strike.
58．The limits of a person’s intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
59．Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt________he could have expressed it differently.
60．The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for________he could find about Mark Twain.
61．We promise________attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
62．Scientists study________human brains work to make computers.
63．It suddenly occurred to him________he had left his keys in the office.
64．He is shy and quiet. However, ______ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
65．Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
练短文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Test 1
Emperor penguins are the largest of all penguins— ___1___ average bird stands some 45 inches tall. 'These flightless animals live on the Antarctic ice and in the frigid surrounding water.
___2___ (employ) physiological adaptations and cooperative behaviors, emperor penguins can deal with the incredibly difficult environment in Antarctic,___3___ wind chills (寒冷) can reach -76°F. They escape wind and save ___4___ (warm) by gathering together. Once one penguin has warmed a bit it will move to tie perimeter (边缘) of the group so that others can enjoy protection ___5___ the icy environment.
Emperor penguins spend the long winter on the open ice — and even breed during this freezing season. In mid-May, females lay a single egg and then soon leave ___6___ behind. Throughout the winter, males keep the eggs warm while females make long journey to the open ocean ___7___ (feed) itself during the most unforgiving weather on the earth. When female penguins return to the breeding site with a belly full of food, with which they will feed the ___8___ (new) hatched chicks, the males ___9___(suffer)bunger for four months and lost almost half their weight. Meanwhile, their duty done, male emperors make their way to the sea in search of food for themselves. In December, Antarctic summer, the pack ice begins to break up and open water ____10____ (appear) near the breeding site, just as young emperor penguins are ready to swim and fish on their own.
Test 2
As a saying goes, “Birth is much, but breeding is more”. Chinese families attach great ___11___(significant) to their children's education. ___12___ it comes to children's education, Chinese parents will spare no effort.
What many parents are convinced is __13__ they must devote themselves to guaranteeing their children will receive a good education. They will ask their children to take all kinds of tutorial classes during weekends and holidays. They are not only willing___14___ (invest) in education for their children, but also prepared to spend countless hours supercising (监督)their studies, because most parents hope that their children can ___15___(admit) into an ideal university. As a result __16__ China's Reform and Opening-up Policy, more and more parents are able to afford their children's study abroad or their participation in an international exchange program, all of which will ___17___(broad) their horizons. In the past few years, more children __18__( prefer) to go abroad for further education.
Parents expect their children to grow up ___19___( excellent) through their efforts, ___20___( make) contributions to the nation5 s development and prosperity eventually.
Test 3
Banquet of Tang Palace, a dancing show performed by 14 dancers from Zhengzhou Song and Dance Theater, became a hit online after it ____21____（stage）at the year 2020 Spring Festival gala of central China’s Henan Province.
The performance, inspired by the dancing figurines（小雕像）of the Tang Dynasty （618-907）tells a story about____22____ life of female musicians during the Tang Dynasty.
"We’ve been exploring the proper way____23____ （perform） the postures（姿势） and____24____（face） expressions of the female musicians with dance after we saw the dancing figurines displayed at the museum ". said Chen Lin, a director of the theater.
It’s not an easy task____25____ the dancers. Every time before performing, they have to spend nearly three hours on make-up and____26____（prepare）. They even have to stuff their mouths with cotton and put on cotton-filled costumes. and headwear, which____27____（weigh） 30 kilograms, to achieve the____28____ （slight） fat appearance of the Tang Dynasty people.
"The story is____29____（appeal）, and the emotion is_____30_____ moves people. " said Feng Shuangbai, chairman of the Chinese Dancers Association. "When the audience is interested and sees in, they will pay more attention to and understand the historical and cultural elements contained in the work, and the culture will be spread. "
练单句语法填空答案解析
1．【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：杰里并不后悔说了这样的话，但他觉得他可以用不同的方式表达。分析句子结构可知，“__ he could have expressed it differently”是位于felt后的宾语从句；从句不缺成分，符合主谓宾结构；用只起连接作用的连词that引起该从句。故填that。
2．【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：人们认为，为了使一个人健康，阴阳力量应该平衡。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查“It is assumed that”。其中It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，引导词that不可以省略。故填that。
3．【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：建议18岁及以上的人接种两剂疫苗。句中it作形式主语，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that引导主语从句。故填that。
4．【答案】how
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：它应该揭示冰山如何影响其周围环境的信息，例如，冰山融化时向海洋中注入淡水。分析句子结构可知，此处“___ icebergs affect their surroundings”是位于介词about后的宾语从句；从句符合主谓宾结构，所以不能填连接代词；根据句意，此处意指“冰山如何影响周围环境”，所以用关系副词how引起该从句。故填how。
5．【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：这应该当作一种警告，人们应该意识到周围的环境，特别是穿过马路的时候。此处引导同位语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
6．【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：但是或许许多游客和旧金山的人关于华人街最看重的是它的饮食。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，表示“……的事物”，在主语从句中 treasure 缺少宾语，所以填what。
7．【答案】that
【解析】考查连接词。句意：据估计，珊瑚礁每年为世界经济贡献数亿美元，提供食物，保护海岸线以及解决就业。分析句子结构可知，It在句中作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句结构和意义完整，所以填that。
8．【答案】that
【解析】考查连接词。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，所以填that。
9．【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：另一个原因是，今天的许多年轻人认为为了食物而杀死动物是错误的。分析句子可知，本句是表语从句，表语从句中不缺少成分，只缺少一个引导词，此时要用that 引导表语从句。故填that。
10．【答案】because
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：吉姆今天在数学课上睡着了。那是因为他熬夜做作业直到半夜。此处是表语从句，根据句意可知，此处使用连接词because“因为”引导。故填because。
11．【答案】who
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：问题是谁能代替她。分析句子可知，空格处引导表语从句，连接代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语，指人，符合句意。故填who。
12．【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：真正有趣的是，有时甚至在以英语为母语的人之间也存在巨大的文化差异。本句是两个复合句，前半句是主语从句，后半句是that引导的表语从句，主语从句部分缺少主语，结合句意，应用what，故填What。
13．【答案】which
【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：首先，Adam必须非常仔细地考虑他想选择哪些课程。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作think about的宾语，连接（形容词性）代词which，意为“哪个；哪些”，修饰名词courses，符合句意。故填which。
14．【答案】what
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：公众担心的是是否能找到阻止污染的方法。本句是表语从句，从句缺少主语，结合句意，此处表示让公众担心的事情，需要用what连接，故填what。
15．【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：当被问及是什么促使她对一个陌生人表现出如此善良时，她只是耸了耸肩说：“我只是想做点好事。”观察所给句子可知，asked about后为宾语从句，其中缺少主语成分，用what引导。故填what。
16．【答案】why
【解析】考查连词。句意：他没有完成家庭作业，这就是为什么他被老师惩罚。本句是表语从句，根据句意，从句缺少原因状语，故填why。
17．【答案】how
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：让人困惑的是，这位科学家在没有任何人帮助的情况下是如何做到这一点的。分析句子可知，“______ the scientist made it without anyone else’s help”是表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故填how。
18．【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：英语中有这么多法语单词的一个原因是法国人统治了英国很长一段时间。此处放在系动词is后面为句法完整的句子，用that引导表语从句。故填that。
19．【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句连词。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。分析句子结构可以看出，本空需要连接词引导表语从句，且连词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，故用that引导这个从句。故填that。
20．【答案】Whatever
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你能做些什么来帮助我们。分析句子成分和句意可知，本空需要连接代词引导主语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，再根据句意可知，此处表示“无论什么”，故用Whatever引导这个主语从句。故填Whatever。
21．【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，且从句句意和句子成分完整，故填that。
22．【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切都有可能。句中It是形式主语，从句中句意完整，不缺少成分，因此用that来引导，且that引导的主语从句后置。故填that。
23．【答案】how
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。根据答语“By working out every day.（通过每天锻炼身体）”可知，空格处用how来引导宾语从句，表示方式。故填how。
24．【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：读着她的自传,我对Doris Lessing在文学上已经取得的成就赞叹不已。根据句子结构来判断，for后接一个宾语从句，而从句中缺少宾语，从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导，故填what。
25．【答案】when
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间。故填when。
26．【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：如果你要计划到达那里的最佳路线，你就必须知道你要去哪儿。分析句子结构可知，此处应用where引导宾语从句，根据句意可知，where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在哪”，故填where。
27．【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：我真的相信美是发自内心的。分析句子结构可知，beauty comes from within在句中作believe的宾语，是宾语从句，且语意完整。故填that。
28．【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：该展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施阻止空气污染。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，根据句意可知，空格处用why引导宾语从句。意为“为什么”，故填why。
29． 【答案】How
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，we understand things在句中作主语，是主语从句，根据句意可知，此处应用连接副词How表示“怎样”，故填How。
30． 【答案】where
31． 【解析】考查主语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处填连接副词引导主语从句，跟据语境可知，此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑，此处用Where引导主语从句。故填Where。
31．【答案】what
【解析】考查表语从句连词。句意：港口里的船是安全的，但那不是建造船的目的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是表语从句，且从句中的介词for缺宾语，故根据语境，此处用what引导表语从句。故填what。
32．【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：我们很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。分析句子结构壳子，空处填连接代词引导宾语从句，再结合语境可知，what...was like表示“某事是什么样子的”。故填what。
33．【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句连词。句意：我认为他的画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知，think后的宾语从句中含有主语从句和定语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知，这里指物。故填what。
34．【答案】when
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但很可能是在1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，空处填连接副词引导主语从句，结合句意可知，此处应用when引导主语从句，when在从句中作时间状语，意为“什么时候”，故填when。
35．【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：许多人相信以前已经发生的或者正在发生的任何事情将来都会再次发生。分析句子结构可知，believe后为宾语从句，在宾语从句中， has happened before or is happening now作主语，是主语从句，所填内容在主语从句中作主语，且指任何事物，应用连接代词whatever。故填whatever。
36．【答案】when
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：那班被延误的航班什么时间将起飞主要取决于天气。根据句子的结构来判断，此处用连接副词引导主语从句，再根据句意，此处表示“什么时间”。故填When。
37．【答案】what
【解析】考查表语从句的连词。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的一样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已悄然发生。分析句子结构可知，此处用连接代词引导表语从句，再结合句意可知，此处应用what在表语从句中作主语。故填what。
38．【答案】where
【解析】考查表语从句的连词。句意：奶奶指着那家医院说，“那是我出生的地方。”分析句子结构可知，空处用连接副词引导表语从句，再根据句意可知，where引导表语从句且在句中做地点状语。表示“在哪”，故填where。
39．【答案】what
【解析】考查表语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用what引导表语从句，且what在从句中作tell 的宾语，从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导，故填what。
40． 【答案】when
41． 【解析】考查表语从句连词。句意：对足球明星来说，最得意的时刻是踢进制胜球的时候。分析句子结构可知，he scored the winning goal在句中作表语，是表语从句，根据句意这里应表示“当……时”，故填when。
41．【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，what引导表语从句，在从句中充当宾语补足语，再根据句意可知，此处意为“……样子的人”。故填what。
42．【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，此处填连接代词引导宾语从句，且从句中缺宾语，故用what在从句中作do的宾语。故填what。
43．【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购物，就会浪费较少的食物。分析句子结构可知，此处填连接代词引导的是宾语从句，且从句中不缺成分，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。故填that。
44．【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：警察找到的东西似乎是那尊丢失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导，故填what。
45．【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。分析句子成分可知，空处填连接代词引导宾语从句，且从句不缺句子成分，故填that。
46．【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导，故填What。
47． 【答案】whether
48． 【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：这个新成立的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句the newly formed committee’ s policy can be put into practice；再根据句意可判断，此处表示“是否”，故填whether。
48．【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句连词句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，再结合句意可知，从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导，故填What。
49．【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。分析句子结构可知，空处填连接代词引导主语从句，再根据句意可知，空处要用whichever修饰one，指“你们中的任何一个人”。故填Whichever。
50．【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。分析句子的结构可知，空处填连接代词引导主语从句，且在从句中做主语，从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导，故填What。
51．【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：我想告诉你的是我对我父母深深的爱和尊重。分析句子结构可知， 空处填连词引导主语从句，且做tell的宾语，再结合句意可知，从句缺主语或宾语且指代事物时由what引导， 故填What。
52． 【答案】because
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%都被水覆盖着。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导表语从句，根据前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处为“前果后因”，故填because。
53．【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处用that引导同位语从句，该从句解释说明belief的具体内容，that在从句中不作成分。故填that。
54．【答案】how
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：别让失败的事使你灰心丧气，因为你永远不可能弄清楚你可能离胜利有多近。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，且空处修饰形容词close，再结合句意可知，此处填how表示“多么”，故填how。
55．【答案】whether
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导主语从句，再结合句意可知，whether…or…表示“无论……还是……”故填whether。
56． 【答案】whether
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：这个村子里的每个人都很友好。不管你在那里住的时间长或短都没关系。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导主语从句，再结合句意可知，whether…or…表示“无论……还是……”故填whether。
57．【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。分析句子结构可知，本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是从句 the president can do to end the strike。在从句中，what作do的宾语。故填what。
58．【答案】whether
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，在出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于自己的环境。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导主语从句，根据depend on可知，空处填whether表示“是否”，故填whether。
59．【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：Jerry不后悔给出评论，但是他觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，且从句中不做成分，故填that。
60．【答案】whatever
【解析】考查宾语从句连词句意：这个新来的人几天前去了图书馆，搜寻他能找到的任何关于马克·吐温的资料。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作find的宾语，指物，根据句意可知，whatever表示“无论什么”，故填whatever。
61． 【答案】whoever
【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都会有与那个电影明星合影的机会。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，本句中promise sb.sth.表示“答应某人某事”，再结合结合句意可知，whoever引导宾语从句，该从句作promise的宾语，且whoever在宾语从句中作主语,表示“任何人”。故填whoever。
62．【答案】how【解析】考查宾语从句连词。句意：科学家研究人脑是如何制造计算机的。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，再根据句意可知，how引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语，表示方式。故填how。
63．【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。根据句意可知，It suddenly occurred to sb.that...表示“某人突然想起……”。It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填that。
64．【答案】what
【解析】what考查主语从句。句意：他很害羞安静，然而，他在会议上所说的话让在场的每个人都震惊了。本句是主语从句，主句的谓语动词是surprised，从句缺少主语，根据句意，what表示“什么”符合句意，故填what。
65．【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：在解决一个问题之前，问题本身必须是显而易见的。本句是主语从句，从句缺少表语，表示“什么”，应用what，故填what。

练短文语法填空答案解析

Test 1
1．an 2．Employing 3．where 4．warmth 5．from/against
6．it 7．to feed 8．newly 9．have suffered 10．appears
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帝企鹅的生活习性，包括其繁衍后代的方式。
1．考查不定冠词。句意：帝企鹅是所有企鹅中体型最大的，鸟类的平均身高约为45英寸。分析句子可知，此处应填不定冠词，表泛指，修饰可数名词bird。由于average是元音音素开头，所以应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：帝企鹅利用生理适应和合作行为，能够应付南极极端恶劣的环境，那里寒风刺骨，温度可达零下76华氏度。Employ与主语emperor penguins是主动关系，应使用现在分词，作状语。句子首字母大写。故填Employing。
3．考查定语从句。句意：帝企鹅利用生理适应和合作行为，能够应付南极极端恶劣的环境，那里寒风刺骨，温度可达零下76华氏度。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词Antarctic为地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
4．考查名词。句意：它们聚集在一起，躲避风雨，保存温暖。根据动词save可知，空处应填名词warmth作宾语，不可数。故填warmth。
5．考查介词。句意：一旦一只企鹅暖和了一点，它就会移动到群体的周边，这样其他的企鹅就可以在冰冷的环境中享受保护。结合句意，空处应填from或against，放在protection 之后，表达“防止，阻止”之意。故填from或against。
6．考查代词。句意：在五月中旬，雌性会产下一个卵，然后很快就会离开。分析句子可知，空处指代前文提到的a single egg，为避免重复，应使用代词it指代。故填it。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：整个冬天，在地球上最恶劣的天气里，雄性保持卵的温暖，而雌性则长途跋涉到开阔的海洋里去觅食。分析句子可知，此处应使用动词不定式，表目的。故填to feed。
8．考查副词。句意：当雌企鹅带着满满一肚子的食物回到繁殖地，用来喂养刚孵化出来的小企鹅时，雄企鹅忍受了四个月，体重几乎减轻了一半。修饰过去分词hatched，应用副词。故填newly。
9．考查动词时态。句意：当雌企鹅带着满满一肚子的食物回到繁殖地，用来喂养刚孵化出来的小企鹅时，雄企鹅忍受了四个月，体重几乎减轻了一半。由时间状语for four months可知，空处应使用现在完成时。主语是the males，复数名词，故填have suffered。
10．考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：12月，南极洲的夏天，浮冰开始破裂，在繁殖地附近出现开阔的水域，这时年轻的帝企鹅准备游泳，自己捕鱼。根据并列连词and可知，空处应与begins时态一致，作不可数名词open water的谓语，不可数名词的谓语应使用第三人称单数形式。故填appears。
Test 2
11．significance 12．when 13．that 14．to invest 15．be admitted
16．of 17．broaden 18．have preferred 19．excellently 20．making
【解析】本文是议论文，本文讲述中国的父母重视对孩子的教育，为孩子创造学习条件。
11．考查名词。句意：中国家庭非常重视孩子的教育。attach significant to表示重视......，此处应用名词形式，故填significance。
12．考查固定句型。句意：当提到孩子的教育时，中国父母会不遗余力。when it comes to ...“当提到......时”, 符合句意，故填When。
13．考查表语从句。句意：许多父母相信他们必须致力于保证他们的孩子能接受良好的教育。本句是表语从句，that在表语从句中不作成分，也没有意义，故填that。
14．考查不定式。句意：他们不仅愿意投资孩子的教育......。be willing to do 表示“愿意做......”，此处动词应用不定式形式。故填to invest。
15．考查被动语态。句意：因为大多数父母都希望他们的孩子能进入理想的大学。本句主语是children，谓语动词是admit，主谓之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，be动词用原形，故填be admitted。
16．考查介词。句意：由于中国的改革开放政策，越来越多的父母有能力负担他们的孩子出国留学或参加国际交流项目。as a result of 译为“因为......”。故填of。
17．考查动词。句意：越来越多的家长能够负担得起孩子出国留学或参加国际交流项目的费用，这些都将拓宽他们的视野。空前有情态动词will，此处应用动词原形。故填broaden。
18．考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，更多的孩子更愿意出国深造。根据时间状语in the past few year ，可知应用现在完成时。故填have preferred。
19．考查副词。句意：父母期望他们的孩子通过自己的努力成长得出色，最终为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。此处应用副词修饰动词短语grow up。故填excellently。
20．考查现在分词。句意：父母期望他们的孩子通过自己的努力成长得出色，最终为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。their children与make之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填making。
Test 3
21．was staged 22．the 23．to perform 24．facial 25．for
26．preparation 27．weighs 28．slightly 29．appealing 30．what
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《唐宫夜宴》这一火爆的春晚节目以及它背后的故事。
21．考查被动语态。句意：郑州歌舞剧院的14名舞蹈演员在2020年河南省春节联欢晚会的舞台上表演的一场舞蹈表演---《唐宫夜宴》，在网上引起了轰动。主语it（单数）与动词stage之间是被动的关系，且动作发生在2020年，故应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was staged。
22．考查定冠词。句意：表演灵感来自唐代(618-907)的舞俑，讲述了关于唐代女乐手生活的故事。此处特指“唐代女乐手的生活”，应使用定冠词the。故填the。
23．考查不定式。句意：“看到博物馆展出的舞俑后，我们一直在探索正确的方法，表演女乐师的姿势和面部表情。”，戏剧导演陈林说。分析句子可知，此处应使用动词不定式，表目的。故填to perform。
24．考查形容词。句意：“看到博物馆展出的舞俑后，我们一直在探索正确的方法，表演女乐师的姿势和面部表情。”，戏剧导演陈林说。分析句子可知，空处应使用形容词作定语，修饰名词expressions。故填facial。
25．考查介词。句意：这对舞者来说，不是一个简单的任务。结合句意，表达“对…...来说”，it is +名词+for sb,应使用介词for加sb.。故填for。
26．考查名词。句意：每次表演前，他们都要花将近三个小时化妆和准备。and连接来个并列成分，make-up（化妆）为名词，空处也应该使用名词形式。故填preparation。
27．考查动词。句意：他们甚至不得不用棉花塞住嘴巴，穿上棉花装饰的服装以及戴上重达30公斤的头饰，再现唐人微胖的形象。由前文的have to 可知，从句应该用一般现在时。which引导的非限制性定语从句缺谓语，且which指代先行词headwear，为第三人称单数，故空处应使用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填weights。
28．考查副词。句意：他们甚至不得不用棉花塞住嘴巴，穿上棉花装饰的服装以及戴上重达30公斤的头饰，再现唐人微胖的形象。分析句子可知，应使用副词修饰形容词fat。故填slightly。
29．考查形容词。句意：“这个故事很有吸引力，而情感却让人感动。”，中国舞蹈家协会主席冯双柏说。结合句意和系动词is可知，空处应填形容词作表语。故填appealing。
30．考查表语从句连接词。句意：“这个故事很有吸引力，而情感却让人感动。”中国舞蹈家协会主席冯双柏说。分析句子可知，空处应填what引导表语从句，指物，并在从句中充当主语成分。故填what。