还剩18页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习 (含解析)
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题19语法填空之有提示词 (含解析)
展开
这是一份高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题19语法填空之有提示词 (含解析)，共21页。试卷主要包含了有提示词类等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题19 语法填空之有提示词解题技巧
语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
高频考点
谓语动词
1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词
1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词
1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词
0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类
0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
低频考点
代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
解题
攻略
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。
典例1
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。
典例2
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ __ (grow) more corn than rice.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。
典例3
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。
2．考查非谓语动词
解题
攻略
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
典例4
You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running.
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
典例5
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality.
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。
典例6
China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
典例7
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
3．考查派生词
解题
攻略
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
典例8
This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。
典例9
This development was only possible with the ___ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。
(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题
攻略
所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
典例10
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___ (cause)．
分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。
典例11
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
典例12
The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
解题
攻略
当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
典例13
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____ (long) than nonrunners.
分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。
典例14
A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题
攻略
所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
典例15
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive.
分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。
典例16
On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.
分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
考点练透
【真题再现】
（2022年全国乙卷）
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 （large）tea-producing country, China has a 65 （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 （share）future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening 70 （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【语篇导读】 文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
61. by【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62. the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
63. addressed 【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64. largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65. responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66. shared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
67. and【解析】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68. To strengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69. inviting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
70. its考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【模拟过关】
TEXT 01（2022·上海市进才中学高三阶段练习）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He ____1____ (hike) the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
____2____ the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery ____3____(remain) on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he’d planned.
Compean climbed to a spot ____4____ he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost,”he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. ____5____ (dress) only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night ____6____ high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo ____7____ (work) at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone ____8____ recognize the location.
“I've always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify ____9____ movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.” That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross-referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found. Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and _____10_____ sharp eye for detail.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Rene Compean在徒步时遇险，并最终靠着他拍摄的照片被成功救援的故事。
1．【答案】had hiked
【解析】考查时态。句意：他曾多次在这个公园远足。根据前句“Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest.”时态是一般过去时；以及该句时间状语“numerous times”（很多次）可知，Rene Compean在这个国家公园远足过很多次，且发生在前句动作之前，所以用过去完成时。故填had hiked。
2．【答案】remaining
【解析】考查连词。句意：随着夜幕降临，他的担心变成了恐惧。分析句子结构可知，此处要填连词，引起状语从句；根据句意，可知该句是时间状语从句，意为“随着夜幕的降临”或“当夜幕降临时”。注意，此处位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填As或When。
3．【答案】
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于背包里只有一点水，手机只剩10%的电量，Compean对超过两小时的行程毫无准备。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，构成“with+n.+非谓语动词”结构，在句中作状语；所填词“remain”与其逻辑主语 10% battery之间是主动关系，所以填现在分词作宾语补足语。故填remaining。
4．【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Compean爬到一个地方，在那里他发现了一格信号。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句；先行词是“a spot”，从句属于主谓宾结构，不缺成分，所以要用关系副词来引起该从句。故填where。
5．【答案】Dressed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位徒步旅行者只穿着短裤和运动衫，冷得刺骨。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填非谓语动词，在句中作状语；根据所填词“dress”及句意，此处涉及短语“be dressed in”（穿着）。注意，此处位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Dressed。
6．【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：在发现两只美洲狮后，他整晚都处于高度戒备状态。根据句意及空格后“high alert”可知，此处考查介词短语“on high alert”（处于高级戒备状态）。故填on。
7．【答案】was working
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：60英里外，Ben Kuo正在家里工作，这时他看到了警方发布的一张照片，上面是一个男人的腿。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词；根据时间状语从句“when he read a posting from the police”（这时他看到了警方发布的一张照片）和所填词“work”是同时发生，所以此处要填过去进行时，主语Ben Kuo是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was working。
8．【答案】might
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：搜救队前一天晚上一直在寻找Compean，但没有成功，所以他们公布了这张照片，希望有人能认出这个位置。分析句子结构可知，空格后单词“recognize”是原形，同时根据句意，此处表示推测，所以空格处要填情态动词，考查“情态动词+动词原形”表示推测。根据语境，可知警察发布照片是希望有人能够辨认出Compean在什么地方，推测语气较弱，所以可以用could或者might。故填could或might。
9．【答案】where
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：他经常试图识别电影场景或广告是在哪里拍摄的。分析句子结构可知，此处“____9____ movie scenes or commercials were filmed”是位于动词“identify”（辨认）后的宾语从句，从句不缺主宾表等成分；根据句意，此处意指“电影或广告的拍摄地”。故填where。
10．【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：如果不是这个拥有高超的卫星技术和对细节的敏锐观察力的人，Compean的故事可能会以不同的方式结束。空格后名词“sharp eye”（敏锐的观察力）是可数名词单数，所以此处要填不定冠词。故填a。
TEXT 02（2022·广西桂林·二模）
A 90-second animated (动画) video of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games ____11____ features characters from traditional Chinese New Year paintings ____12____ ( recent ) became so popular on the Internet.
Netizens were fascinated by the video’s ____13____ ( amaze ) combination of winter sports and traditional Chinese characters, highlighting ____14____ ( they ) own unique characteristics and placing them alongside a wide range of sporting venues and cultural elements, including New Year paintings, Peking Opera, and ink-and-wash paintings.
The video starts with a girl and a panda going to Beijing ____15____ ( watch ) the Winter Olympic Games together. All of ____16____ sudden, the bamboo in the panda’s hands is turned into a bobsleigh (雪橇) carrying the girl while the panda speeds ahead. Snowflakes are created like magic, awakening (唤醒) characters often ____17____ ( see ) in Chinese New Year paintings, such as Qin Qiong and Yuchi Gong, two gods of the door, competing ____18____ alpine (高山) skiing, and Mu Guiying and Yang Zongbao, a couple as well as generals of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), engaging in pair skating.
Hangzhou AU Culture and Technology Co. created the work. It is an animation company and ____19____ ( win ) the National Award for Scientific and Technological Progress in 2017.
“ We hope to add more _____20_____ ( happy ) to the great event, meanwhile, viewers can learn about traditional Chinese culture, ” said Zheng Feihu, director of the video.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一段90秒的北京2022年冬奥会动画视频在互联网上大受欢迎，它将冬奥会和中国文化完美地结合起来。
11．【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，一段90秒的北京2022年冬奥会动画视频在互联网上大受欢迎，该视频以中国传统年画中的人物为特色。关系词指代先行词video并在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
12．【答案】recently
【解析】考查副词。句意同上，分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处用副词recently（最近）作时间状语，故填recently。
13【答案】amazing
【解析】．考查形容词。句意：该视频将冬季运动与中国的传统特征惊人地结合在一起，突出了各自独特的特点，并将其与各种运动场所和文化元素（包括年画、京剧和水墨画）放在一起，网民们对此非常着迷。此处缺少形容词作定语，修饰名词combination，表示“惊人的、令人惊讶的”，故填amazing。
14．【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意同上，修饰名词短语unique characteristics用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
15．【答案】to watch
【解析】考查不定式。句意：视频以一个女孩和一只熊猫一起去北京观看冬奥会开始。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填to watch。
16．【答案】a
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：突然间，熊猫手中的竹子变成了一个长长的雪橇，女孩站在上面，而熊猫则在前面疾驰。固定短语all of a sudden，突然，在句中作状语，故填a。
17．【答案】seen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：雪花像魔术一样被创造出来，唤醒了中国年画中经常出现的人物，比如参加高山滑雪比赛的门神秦琼和尉迟恭，以及参加双人滑冰的宋朝（960-1279）将军穆桂英和杨宗宝。分析可知，此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，characters与see之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，故填seen。
18．【答案】
【解析】考查介词。句意同上，常用搭配compete in参加……比赛，符合题意，故填in。
19．【答案】won
【解析】考查时态。句意：它是一家动画公司，并在2017年获得了国家科技进步奖。时间状语“in 2017”表明用一般过去时，故填won。
20．【答案】happiness
【解析】考查名词。句意：视频总监郑飞虎表示：“我们希望为这场体育盛会增添更多欢乐，同时，观众可以了解中国传统文化”。此处缺少名词作动词add的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填happiness。
TEXT 03（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模）
Beijing, together with Zhangjiakou, succeeded in getting the chance to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, ____21____speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City. Word came that the Beijing- Zhangjiakou high-speed railway,____22____(locate) in North China, is now____23____construction, and is expected to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall, the project is____24____(probable) the biggest challenge ever. Its designers say that the explosions needed to dig the tunnels will not have a negative effect on the structure. The railway line has a____25____(long) of 174 km as a double-track passage line, with ten stations along its route. Enjoying____26____total investment of 31.17 billion yuan, the train will travel as fast as 300 km/h,____27____the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes.
According to the plan, the high-speed railway will have two branch____28____(line)—one is to Yanqing Station, the other is to Taizicheng of Chongli, where the Olympic village lies. The full railway,____29____(include) a 70-kilometer section through Beijing,_____30_____(complete) in four and a half years.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍为了成功举办北京冬季奥运会，国家在道路交通建设方面做出的努力。
21．【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：北京和张家口成功申办2022年冬奥会，这加快了张家口的发展。分析句子结构可知，此处考查非限制性定语从句，先形词是主句所表述的事情，从句缺少主语，故填which。
22．【答案】located
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的京张高铁正在建设中，预计将于2020年完工，为2022年冬奥会的主办城市做准备。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作后置定语，根据括号内所给词locate及空格后介词in,可知此处涉及动词短语be located in坐落于，此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
23．【答案】under
【解析】考查介词。句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的京张家口高铁正在建设中，预计将于2020年完工，为2022年冬奥会的主办城市做准备。根据句意及空格后名词construction，可知此处涉及介词短语under construction（在建造中）。故填under。
24．【答案】probably
【解析】考查副词。句意：从北京北站出发，向西穿过长城，该项目可能是有史以来最大的挑战。根据空格前be动词is和空格后形容词最高级the biggest，可知此处要填副词作状语，故填probably。
25．【答案】length
【解析】考查名词。句意：这条铁路全长174公里，是一条双线通道，沿途有10个车站。根据空格前冠词a及空格后介词of，可知此处要填名词，在句中作宾语。故填length。
26．【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：京张高铁总投资311.7亿元，最高运行速度为300公里/小时，往返两座城市仅需40分钟。根据空格后以辅音音素开头的形容词total和可数名词单数investment，可知此处要填不定冠词a泛指“一笔总价……的投资”。故填a。
27．【答案】so/and
【解析】考查连词。句意：京张高铁总投资311.7亿元，最高运行速度为300公里/小时，往返两座城市仅需40分钟。分析句子结构可知，此处前后都是句子，所以此处要填连词；根据句意可知，前后句有因果或顺承关系。故填so/and。
28．【答案】lines
【解析】考查名词。句意：根据计划，这条高铁将有两条支线，一条到延庆站，另一条到崇礼的太子城，这是奥运村所在地。根据空格前数词two，可知此处要填名词复数，构成名词短语branch lines（支线）。故填lines。
29．【答案】including
【解析】考查介词。句意：这条全长70公里的铁路将在四年半内完工，其中包括一段穿过北京的铁路。根据句意，此处需用表示“包括”的介词与后面的名词短语构成介宾短语。故填including。
30．【答案】will be completed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词；根据句子时间状语“in four and a half years”（四年半内）可知，句子要用一般将来时；所填词complete与句子主语“The full railway”之间是被动关系。所以此处要填一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be completed。
TEXT 04（2022·河南新乡·二模）
The first creature ____31____ (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika.She was a good dog. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space ____32____(explore) when scientists wondered____33____it was lethal (致命的) for living things.
Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We ____34____ (attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our ability to explore reached new heights. Airplanes shortened distances, simplified travel and showed us Earth from ____35____ new aspect. By the middle of the last century, we aimed even____36____ (high).
Our first steps into space began. Laika ____37____(follow) into orbit four years later by the first human,Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin. Space travel is nothing like in the movies. Getting from A to B requires complex calculations____38____ (involve) inertia (惯性) and gravity. Space is also dangerous. More than 20 astronauts have died while doing their jobs.
That hasn’t stopped people from signing up and blasting off. NASA’s Apollo program had ended____39____private companies are readying their own space programs. A company______40______(name) SpaceX is hoping to land civilian astronauts on Mars. Maybe you’ll be a member of them. Don’t forget to bring your dog.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类探索太空的历史。
31．【答案】to orbit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一个绕地球运行的生物才两岁。动词的修饰名词或代词前面有序数词、形容词最高级时，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to orbit。
32．【答案】exploration
【解析】考查名词。句意：1957年，她的飞行为太空探索铺平了道路，当时科学家们想知道它对生物是否致命。分析句子结构，根据空格前space可知，此处要填名词，构成固定短语space exploration(太空探索)。故填exploration。
33．【答案】whether
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：1957年，她的飞行为太空探索铺平了道路，当时科学家们想知道它对生物是否致命。分析句子结构可知，此处宾语句，从句不缺主宾表状等成分；根据句意可知，此处意指“它对生物是否致命”，应用whether引导。故填whether。
34．【答案】have been attracted
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：我们被地平线所吸引，去寻找食物或更大的空间，或者只是去看看那些树、山或海洋之外的东西。根据前句since the dawn of civilization可知，该段主要讲述自从人类文明以来，人类就渴望探索太空，所以用现在完成时；同时，句子主语we和所填词attract之间是被动的关系。故填have been attracted。
35．【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：飞机缩短了距离，简化了旅行，并从一个新的角度向我们展示了地球。根据句意，此处泛指“一个全新的角度”，应用不定冠词，new是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
36．【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：到上个世纪中叶，我们的目标更高了。根据空格前副词even可知，空格处要填比较级。故填higher。
37．【答案】was followed
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：莱卡进入太空四年后，第一个人类尤里·阿列克谢耶维奇·加加林(Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin)也被送入轨道。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词；根据文意，此处要用一般过去时；句子主语Laika与所填动词follow之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was followed。
38．【答案】involving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从A点到B点需要复杂的计算，包括惯性和重力。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作状语；根据句意，所填词involve与前面的名词calculation之间是主动关系，此处应该用现在分词。故填involving。
39．【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：美国宇航局的阿波罗计划已经结束，但是私人公司正在为他们自己的太空计划做准备。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填连词；根据句意，空格前后句有转折关系。故填but。
40．【答案】named
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一家名为SpaceX的公司希望将平民宇航员送上火星。分析句子结构可知，空格处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词SpaceX；所填词name与该名词之间是被动的关系，应用过去分词，意为“被称作”。故填named。
TEXT 05（2022·河南·鹤壁高中高三阶段练习）
I’m not Chinese, but I love Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year ___41___ (celebrate), but nothing quite matches the excitement of the lion dance which can wake up the spirit ___42___ (complete).
The sound of the drums, ___43___ you can feel throughout your entire body, is quite inspiring. The two performers are very flexible. But it is actually very difficult as the lion head is very heavy and being the ___44___ (low)part of the lion is tiring as he has to bend his back and also carry ___45___ person in front sometimes. The lion head is made with paper over a bamboo frame, ___46___ (cover)in gauze (纱布), and decorated with beautifully-colored materials.
The lion dance ___47___ (believe)to have first appeared in the Qianlong Emperor's dream during his Southern tour, and he ordered an animal ___48___ (make)in the likeness of his description and used in festivals from then on.
I love all about the lion dance. The other day, I saw a film about a left-behind teenager who insisted on pursuing his dreams despite difficulties and ___49___ (succeed)in lion dance. As Master Xu translates: “Heaven has made us talents; we’re not made ___50___ vain.”
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己喜欢的舞狮活动。
41．【答案】celebrations
【解析】考查名词。句意：有很多有趣的新年庆祝活动，但没有什么能比得上舞狮的兴奋，它能完全唤醒人们的精神。根据形容词fun可知，设空处需填入名词，celebrate的名词为celebration，由many可知，需填入复数形式。故填celebrations。
42．【答案】completely
【解析】考查副词。句意：有很多有趣的新年庆祝活动，但没有什么能比得上舞狮的兴奋，它能完全唤醒人们的精神。分析句子可知，设空处修饰从句的谓语can wake up，需用副词形式。故填completely。
43．【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：鼓的声音，你整个身体都可以感受得到，是非常振奋人心的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The sound of the drums，指物，在从句中作宾语，因而用which引导。故填which。
44．【答案】lower
【解析】考查形容词。句意：但事实上这很难，因为狮子的头很重，而且作为狮子的下半身会很累，因为他不得不弯腰，有时还要把前面的人扛起来。根据前文“The two performers are very flexible.(两名表演者非常灵活)”可知舞狮需要两个人，结合“he has to bend his back”可知，这是扮演狮子下半身的人，名词part前需填入形容词作定语，lower指“下面的；下方的”。故填lower。
45．【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：但事实上这很难，因为狮子的头很重，而且作为狮子的下半身会很累，因为他不得不弯腰，有时还要把前面的人扛起来。根据“The two performers are very flexible.(两名表演者非常灵活)”可知，舞狮需要两个人，in front表明此处特指前面的那个人，因而用定冠词the。故填the。
46．【答案】covered
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：狮子头是用纸在竹框上做成的，上面覆盖着纱布，并用色彩艳丽的材料装饰。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词，动词cover与逻辑主语The lion head之间是动宾关系，因而用过去分词，表示被动。故填covered。
47．【答案】is believed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：据说，舞狮最早出现在乾隆皇帝南巡时的梦境中，他下令按照自己的描述制作一种动物，并从那时起用于节日中。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少句子的谓语，动词believe与主语The lion dance之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态be done，由上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is believed。
48．【答案】to be made
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，舞狮最早出现在乾隆皇帝南巡时的梦境中，他下令按照自己的描述制作一种动物，并从那时起用于节日中。固定搭配order sth to be done表示“下令/要求某事被做”。故填to be made。
49．【答案】succeeded
【解析】考查时态。句意：前几天，我看了一部关于一个留守少年的电影，他不顾困难坚持追求自己的梦想，并在舞狮中取得成功。分析句子结构可知，设空处与insisted on并列作从句的谓语，应用一般过去时。故填succeeded。
50．【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：正如许大师所翻译的：“天生我材必有用。”固定短语in vain表示“无意义的；无价值的”，设空处缺少介词in。故填in。
TEXT 06（2022·四川宜宾·二模）
Inspired by Chinese jade ornaments (玉制品), the medals of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games were announced ____31____ (official) on Oct. 26, 2021, 100 days ahead of the opening of the sporting event. After months of expectation and secrecy, the organizing committee of the Beijing 2022 Games introduced the medals — named tong xin, ____32____ means togetherness — during a ceremony ____33____ (mark) the countdown to the opening of the event on February 4th.
The medals shave carvings of the Olympic rings ____34____ one side and are carved with the words “XXIV Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022”. The concentric rings around the center represent the pursuit of unity ____35____ harmony, while echoing the Olympic values of solidarity, inclusiveness and promoting peace. The other side of the medals has the Beijing 2022 emblem (徽章) at the center.
Engravings (版画) of cloud patterns, an element ____36____ (use) on the torch of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics, snowflakes and ice markings fill the outer rings. The outer rings ____37____ (decorate) with 24 stars strung together by circles, representing the 24th edition of the Winter Olympics. Visually, it looks quite simple and plain at first glance, while ____38____ (detail) such as the carving of clouds and snowflake patterns as well as the uneven casting on the surface have made it special.
Designers’ ____39____ (inspire) from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique status－the first city _____40_____ (host) both the Summer and Winter Olympics.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年冬奥会的官方奖牌设计细节。
31．【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。句意：受中国玉器的启发，北京2022届冬奥会奖牌于2021年10月26日正式宣布，离体育赛事开幕前还有100天。副词officially作状语，修饰动词announce。故填officially。
32．【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：经过数月的期待和保密，北京2022年奥运会组委会在2月4日的开幕倒计时仪式上推出了这些奖牌，名为同心，意思是团结。此处是非限制性定语从句 2 means togetherness，先行词是tong xin，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
33．【答案】marking
【解析】考查现在分词。主句已有谓语introduced且无连词，动词mark用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语a ceremony与动词mark是主谓关系，用现在分词（doing）表主动，作a ceremony的后置定语。故填marking。
34．【答案】on
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：奖牌的一面刻着奥林匹克五环，上面刻着“2022年北京冬奥会”字样。固定搭配on one side (一边、在一边、一面)。故填on。
35．【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：围绕中心的同心环代表着对团结与和谐的追求，同时呼应了团结、包容和促进和平的奥林匹克价值观。名词unity和名词harmony是并列关系，用并列连词and。故填and。
36．【答案】used
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：2008年北京夏季奥运会火炬上使用的云纹元素的雕刻，雪花和冰纹填满了外圈。本句已有谓语fill且无连词，动词use用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语an element与动词use是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作an element的后置定语。故填used。
37．【答案】are decorated
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：外圈由24颗星星组成，用圆圈串在一起，代表第24届冬奥会。此处缺少谓语，讲述客观事实，主语The outer rings和谓语动词decorate是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语The outer rings是复数，谓语用复数形式。故填are decorated。
38．【答案】details
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：乍一看，它在视觉上看起来非常简单朴素，而云纹雕刻和雪花图案的雕刻以及表面不均匀的铸造等细节使它显得特别。detail是可数名词，结合下文such as the carving of clouds and snowflake patterns as well as the uneven casting on the surface可知，不止一个细节，用名词复数形式作主语。故填details。
39．【答案】inspiration
【解析】考查名词。句意：设计师们第二次从玉制品身上汲取灵感，以表彰中国首都的独特地位——第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。由名词所有格Designers’可知，此处用抽象名词inspiration作主语。故填inspiration。
40．【答案】to host
【解析】考查动词不定式。the +序数词+（名词）+to do sth. (第几个做某事的人/物)，host使用动词不定式作名词city的后置定语。故填to host。
TEXT 07（2022·河南濮阳·一模）
A grand bridge over the Yangtze River serving cars and trains began operations on Wednesday in Nantong, Jiangsu province, and is expected to ____41____ (great) promote the integration (整合) and the economy of one of China’s most developed regions-the Yangtze River Delta.
It took six years and four months____42____ (build) the bridge between Nantong and Zhangjiagang. Many new technologies ____43____(use) then, including cables (电缆) with the highest tensile (拉力的) strength in the world and ____44____ advanced anti-collision system.
“The anti-collision system can warn the river traffic authority within 3 kilometers if a ship appears likely to strike the bridge.” an engineer said. Each of the bridge’s 432 cables can hold up to 1, 000 metric tons, roughly the ____45____ (weigh) of more than 600 cars.
As the second dual-use bridge in Jiangsu, ____46____ (follow) the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the newly opened structure will help to ease traffic jam, ____47____ currently occurs on two neighboring Yangtze River bridges in Nantong and Wuxi cities. Travel time between Nantong and Wuxi by highway will be cut in half to 40 minutes.
The upper half of the bridge, a highway of six lanes, ____48____ (have) a speed limit of 100 kilometers per hour. The ____49____ (low) half of the bridge has four lanes for trains. With what is designed to be 200 km/h, the new railway lane will cut travel time between Nantong and Shanghai from 3. 5 hours ____50____ just over an hour.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国沪苏通长江公路铁路两用大桥的基本情况。
41．考查副词。句意：周三，江苏省南通市一座可通汽车和火车的长江大桥通车，预计将极大地促进中国最发达的地区之一——长江三角洲地区的一体化和经济发展。此处用副词greatly作状语，修饰动词promote。故填greatly。
42．考查不定式。句意：南通张家港大桥的修建历时6年4个月。此处考查“It took some time to do sth.”，意为“花费一段时间做某事”，It为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，因此空格处是to build，故填to build。
43．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：当时使用了许多新技术，包括世界上抗拉强度最高的电缆和先进的防撞系统。根据时间状语then可知，该动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，又因为主语“Many new technologies”与动词use是被动关系，故此处用所给动词的一般过去时的被动语态，主语technologies是复数，因此空格处是were used，故填were used。
44．考查冠词。此处是泛指，故用不定冠词，advanced是以元音音素开头的，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
45．考查名词。句意：这座桥有432根钢缆，每根钢缆可以承重1000吨，大约相当于600多辆汽车的重量。根据名词所有格the (weigh) of more than 600 cars可知，此处用名词weight，是不可数名词，意为“重量”，故填weight。
46．考查现在分词。句意：作为江苏省继南京长江大桥之后的第二座两用桥梁，新开放的结构将有助于缓解目前南通和无锡市两座相邻的长江大桥上出现的交通拥堵。分析句子成分可知，bridge和follow之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用所给动词的现在分词做后置定语，表示主动。故填following。
47．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词“traffic jam”是物，故此处用关系代词which。故填which。
48．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大桥上半部分是6车道高速公路，限速为每小时100公里。此处陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时，又因为主语是“The upper half of the bridge”是单数，故此处用所给动词的第三人称单数形式has。故填has。
49．考查比较级。句意：桥的下半部分有四条火车车道。由前面的“The upper half of the bridge”可知，此处指“较低的桥的一半部分”，故用所给形容词的比较级，即lower，意为“较低的”，故填lower。
50．考查介词。句意：这条新线的设计时速为200公里，南通至上海的旅行时间将从3.5小时缩短至1小时多一点。“from. . . to. . . ”意为“从……到……”，为固定搭配，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。
TEXT 08（2022·陕西商洛·一模）
With a world reputation of beautiful silk producing nation, Chinese clothing enjoys a time-honored culture. China was the first country in the world ____51____ (develop) silk weaving (编织). According to archaeologists, Chinese people ____52____ (start) weaving since Neolithic ages. 3,000 years ago, silk weaving was already significantly developed.
In ancient China, people’s rank and social status could easily be figured out from their daily dressing, especially for the ordinary people and the upper class. Among the upper class, only the Emperor ____53____ (assign) the colour yellow. As for the ministers, generals and their ____54____ (wife), their uniforms were also restrictively regulated.
Chinese clothing has many types and suits according to ____55____ (variety) occasions. We have traditional Zhongshan suit, Cheongsam (旗袍) and many other suits ____56____ (create) by ethnic minorities (少数民族). Each type of the clothes has a unique way of making and sewing.
Cheongsam is popular because it has simple lines and looks elegant, ____57____ it fits Chinese females’ figures well. It is suitable ____58____ both young and elderly group. And it can either belong or short. Cheongsam is recognized around the world, ____59____ has inspired many foreign adaptations. It is ____60____ (popular) worn in China as the wedding dress, traditionally in red.
【答案】51．to develop 52．have started 53．was assigned 54．wives 55．various
56．created 57．and 58．for 59．which 60．popularly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国的特色服装。
51．考查不定式。句意：中国是世界上最早发展丝织的国家。“the first+名词”后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式to develop，故填to develop。
52．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据考古学家的说法，中国人从新石器时代就开始编织了。由“since Neolithic ages”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语people是复数，助动词使用have，因此空格处是have started，故填have started。
53．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：在上层社会，只有皇帝才被指定使用黄色。根据语境可知，只有皇帝才被指定使用黄色，句子用被动语态，且句子描述过去的事情，因此时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语Emperor是第三人称单数，系动词用was，因此空格处是was assigned。故填was assigned。
54．考查名词的复数。句意：至于大臣，将军和他们的夫人，他们的制服也被严格规定。and表并列，由前面的“the ministers, generals”是复数形式可知，空格处用复数wives，故填wives。
55．考查形容词。句意：中国服装根据不同的场合有多种类型和套装。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词occasions，variety的形容词是various，意为“各种各样的”，故填various。
56．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有传统的中山装、旗袍等少数民族创造的服装。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是have，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词created表被动作后置定语，故填created。
57．考查连词。句意：旗袍很受欢迎，因为它线条简单，看起来优雅，而且很适合中国女性的身材。“it has simple lines and looks elegant”和“it fits Chinese females’ figures well”是并列关系，因此空格处用and连接，故填and。
58．考查介词和固定短语。句意：它适合年轻人和老年人使用。be suitable for是固定短语，意为“适合”，因此空格处是介词for，故填for。
59．考查定语从句。句意：旗袍在世界范围内被认可，这激发了许多外国的改版。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
60．考查副词。句意：在中国，它被普遍用作结婚礼服，传统上是红色的。空格处用副词popularly修饰动词worn，popularly意为“普遍地”，故填popularly。
专题19 语法填空之有提示词解题技巧
语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
高频考点
谓语动词
1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词
1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词
1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词
0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类
0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
低频考点
代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
解题
攻略
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。
典例1
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。
典例2
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ __ (grow) more corn than rice.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。
典例3
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。
2．考查非谓语动词
解题
攻略
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
典例4
You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running.
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
典例5
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality.
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。
典例6
China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
典例7
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
3．考查派生词
解题
攻略
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
典例8
This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。
典例9
This development was only possible with the ___ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。
(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题
攻略
所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
典例10
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___ (cause)．
分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。
典例11
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
典例12
The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
解题
攻略
当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
典例13
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____ (long) than nonrunners.
分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。
典例14
A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题
攻略
所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
典例15
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive.
分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。
典例16
On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.
分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
考点练透
【真题再现】
（2022年全国乙卷）
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 （large）tea-producing country, China has a 65 （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 （share）future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening 70 （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【语篇导读】 文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
61. by【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62. the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
63. addressed 【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64. largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65. responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66. shared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
67. and【解析】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68. To strengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69. inviting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
70. its考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【模拟过关】
TEXT 01（2022·上海市进才中学高三阶段练习）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He ____1____ (hike) the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
____2____ the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery ____3____(remain) on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he’d planned.
Compean climbed to a spot ____4____ he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost,”he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. ____5____ (dress) only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night ____6____ high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo ____7____ (work) at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone ____8____ recognize the location.
“I've always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify ____9____ movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.” That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross-referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found. Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and _____10_____ sharp eye for detail.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Rene Compean在徒步时遇险，并最终靠着他拍摄的照片被成功救援的故事。
1．【答案】had hiked
【解析】考查时态。句意：他曾多次在这个公园远足。根据前句“Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest.”时态是一般过去时；以及该句时间状语“numerous times”（很多次）可知，Rene Compean在这个国家公园远足过很多次，且发生在前句动作之前，所以用过去完成时。故填had hiked。
2．【答案】remaining
【解析】考查连词。句意：随着夜幕降临，他的担心变成了恐惧。分析句子结构可知，此处要填连词，引起状语从句；根据句意，可知该句是时间状语从句，意为“随着夜幕的降临”或“当夜幕降临时”。注意，此处位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填As或When。
3．【答案】
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于背包里只有一点水，手机只剩10%的电量，Compean对超过两小时的行程毫无准备。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，构成“with+n.+非谓语动词”结构，在句中作状语；所填词“remain”与其逻辑主语 10% battery之间是主动关系，所以填现在分词作宾语补足语。故填remaining。
4．【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Compean爬到一个地方，在那里他发现了一格信号。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句；先行词是“a spot”，从句属于主谓宾结构，不缺成分，所以要用关系副词来引起该从句。故填where。
5．【答案】Dressed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位徒步旅行者只穿着短裤和运动衫，冷得刺骨。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填非谓语动词，在句中作状语；根据所填词“dress”及句意，此处涉及短语“be dressed in”（穿着）。注意，此处位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Dressed。
6．【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：在发现两只美洲狮后，他整晚都处于高度戒备状态。根据句意及空格后“high alert”可知，此处考查介词短语“on high alert”（处于高级戒备状态）。故填on。
7．【答案】was working
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：60英里外，Ben Kuo正在家里工作，这时他看到了警方发布的一张照片，上面是一个男人的腿。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词；根据时间状语从句“when he read a posting from the police”（这时他看到了警方发布的一张照片）和所填词“work”是同时发生，所以此处要填过去进行时，主语Ben Kuo是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was working。
8．【答案】might
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：搜救队前一天晚上一直在寻找Compean，但没有成功，所以他们公布了这张照片，希望有人能认出这个位置。分析句子结构可知，空格后单词“recognize”是原形，同时根据句意，此处表示推测，所以空格处要填情态动词，考查“情态动词+动词原形”表示推测。根据语境，可知警察发布照片是希望有人能够辨认出Compean在什么地方，推测语气较弱，所以可以用could或者might。故填could或might。
9．【答案】where
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：他经常试图识别电影场景或广告是在哪里拍摄的。分析句子结构可知，此处“____9____ movie scenes or commercials were filmed”是位于动词“identify”（辨认）后的宾语从句，从句不缺主宾表等成分；根据句意，此处意指“电影或广告的拍摄地”。故填where。
10．【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：如果不是这个拥有高超的卫星技术和对细节的敏锐观察力的人，Compean的故事可能会以不同的方式结束。空格后名词“sharp eye”（敏锐的观察力）是可数名词单数，所以此处要填不定冠词。故填a。
TEXT 02（2022·广西桂林·二模）
A 90-second animated (动画) video of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games ____11____ features characters from traditional Chinese New Year paintings ____12____ ( recent ) became so popular on the Internet.
Netizens were fascinated by the video’s ____13____ ( amaze ) combination of winter sports and traditional Chinese characters, highlighting ____14____ ( they ) own unique characteristics and placing them alongside a wide range of sporting venues and cultural elements, including New Year paintings, Peking Opera, and ink-and-wash paintings.
The video starts with a girl and a panda going to Beijing ____15____ ( watch ) the Winter Olympic Games together. All of ____16____ sudden, the bamboo in the panda’s hands is turned into a bobsleigh (雪橇) carrying the girl while the panda speeds ahead. Snowflakes are created like magic, awakening (唤醒) characters often ____17____ ( see ) in Chinese New Year paintings, such as Qin Qiong and Yuchi Gong, two gods of the door, competing ____18____ alpine (高山) skiing, and Mu Guiying and Yang Zongbao, a couple as well as generals of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), engaging in pair skating.
Hangzhou AU Culture and Technology Co. created the work. It is an animation company and ____19____ ( win ) the National Award for Scientific and Technological Progress in 2017.
“ We hope to add more _____20_____ ( happy ) to the great event, meanwhile, viewers can learn about traditional Chinese culture, ” said Zheng Feihu, director of the video.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一段90秒的北京2022年冬奥会动画视频在互联网上大受欢迎，它将冬奥会和中国文化完美地结合起来。
11．【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，一段90秒的北京2022年冬奥会动画视频在互联网上大受欢迎，该视频以中国传统年画中的人物为特色。关系词指代先行词video并在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
12．【答案】recently
【解析】考查副词。句意同上，分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处用副词recently（最近）作时间状语，故填recently。
13【答案】amazing
【解析】．考查形容词。句意：该视频将冬季运动与中国的传统特征惊人地结合在一起，突出了各自独特的特点，并将其与各种运动场所和文化元素（包括年画、京剧和水墨画）放在一起，网民们对此非常着迷。此处缺少形容词作定语，修饰名词combination，表示“惊人的、令人惊讶的”，故填amazing。
14．【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意同上，修饰名词短语unique characteristics用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
15．【答案】to watch
【解析】考查不定式。句意：视频以一个女孩和一只熊猫一起去北京观看冬奥会开始。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填to watch。
16．【答案】a
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：突然间，熊猫手中的竹子变成了一个长长的雪橇，女孩站在上面，而熊猫则在前面疾驰。固定短语all of a sudden，突然，在句中作状语，故填a。
17．【答案】seen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：雪花像魔术一样被创造出来，唤醒了中国年画中经常出现的人物，比如参加高山滑雪比赛的门神秦琼和尉迟恭，以及参加双人滑冰的宋朝（960-1279）将军穆桂英和杨宗宝。分析可知，此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，characters与see之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，故填seen。
18．【答案】
【解析】考查介词。句意同上，常用搭配compete in参加……比赛，符合题意，故填in。
19．【答案】won
【解析】考查时态。句意：它是一家动画公司，并在2017年获得了国家科技进步奖。时间状语“in 2017”表明用一般过去时，故填won。
20．【答案】happiness
【解析】考查名词。句意：视频总监郑飞虎表示：“我们希望为这场体育盛会增添更多欢乐，同时，观众可以了解中国传统文化”。此处缺少名词作动词add的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填happiness。
TEXT 03（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模）
Beijing, together with Zhangjiakou, succeeded in getting the chance to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, ____21____speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City. Word came that the Beijing- Zhangjiakou high-speed railway,____22____(locate) in North China, is now____23____construction, and is expected to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall, the project is____24____(probable) the biggest challenge ever. Its designers say that the explosions needed to dig the tunnels will not have a negative effect on the structure. The railway line has a____25____(long) of 174 km as a double-track passage line, with ten stations along its route. Enjoying____26____total investment of 31.17 billion yuan, the train will travel as fast as 300 km/h,____27____the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes.
According to the plan, the high-speed railway will have two branch____28____(line)—one is to Yanqing Station, the other is to Taizicheng of Chongli, where the Olympic village lies. The full railway,____29____(include) a 70-kilometer section through Beijing,_____30_____(complete) in four and a half years.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍为了成功举办北京冬季奥运会，国家在道路交通建设方面做出的努力。
21．【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：北京和张家口成功申办2022年冬奥会，这加快了张家口的发展。分析句子结构可知，此处考查非限制性定语从句，先形词是主句所表述的事情，从句缺少主语，故填which。
22．【答案】located
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的京张高铁正在建设中，预计将于2020年完工，为2022年冬奥会的主办城市做准备。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作后置定语，根据括号内所给词locate及空格后介词in,可知此处涉及动词短语be located in坐落于，此处省略be，用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
23．【答案】under
【解析】考查介词。句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的京张家口高铁正在建设中，预计将于2020年完工，为2022年冬奥会的主办城市做准备。根据句意及空格后名词construction，可知此处涉及介词短语under construction（在建造中）。故填under。
24．【答案】probably
【解析】考查副词。句意：从北京北站出发，向西穿过长城，该项目可能是有史以来最大的挑战。根据空格前be动词is和空格后形容词最高级the biggest，可知此处要填副词作状语，故填probably。
25．【答案】length
【解析】考查名词。句意：这条铁路全长174公里，是一条双线通道，沿途有10个车站。根据空格前冠词a及空格后介词of，可知此处要填名词，在句中作宾语。故填length。
26．【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：京张高铁总投资311.7亿元，最高运行速度为300公里/小时，往返两座城市仅需40分钟。根据空格后以辅音音素开头的形容词total和可数名词单数investment，可知此处要填不定冠词a泛指“一笔总价……的投资”。故填a。
27．【答案】so/and
【解析】考查连词。句意：京张高铁总投资311.7亿元，最高运行速度为300公里/小时，往返两座城市仅需40分钟。分析句子结构可知，此处前后都是句子，所以此处要填连词；根据句意可知，前后句有因果或顺承关系。故填so/and。
28．【答案】lines
【解析】考查名词。句意：根据计划，这条高铁将有两条支线，一条到延庆站，另一条到崇礼的太子城，这是奥运村所在地。根据空格前数词two，可知此处要填名词复数，构成名词短语branch lines（支线）。故填lines。
29．【答案】including
【解析】考查介词。句意：这条全长70公里的铁路将在四年半内完工，其中包括一段穿过北京的铁路。根据句意，此处需用表示“包括”的介词与后面的名词短语构成介宾短语。故填including。
30．【答案】will be completed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词；根据句子时间状语“in four and a half years”（四年半内）可知，句子要用一般将来时；所填词complete与句子主语“The full railway”之间是被动关系。所以此处要填一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be completed。
TEXT 04（2022·河南新乡·二模）
The first creature ____31____ (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika.She was a good dog. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space ____32____(explore) when scientists wondered____33____it was lethal (致命的) for living things.
Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We ____34____ (attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our ability to explore reached new heights. Airplanes shortened distances, simplified travel and showed us Earth from ____35____ new aspect. By the middle of the last century, we aimed even____36____ (high).
Our first steps into space began. Laika ____37____(follow) into orbit four years later by the first human,Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin. Space travel is nothing like in the movies. Getting from A to B requires complex calculations____38____ (involve) inertia (惯性) and gravity. Space is also dangerous. More than 20 astronauts have died while doing their jobs.
That hasn’t stopped people from signing up and blasting off. NASA’s Apollo program had ended____39____private companies are readying their own space programs. A company______40______(name) SpaceX is hoping to land civilian astronauts on Mars. Maybe you’ll be a member of them. Don’t forget to bring your dog.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类探索太空的历史。
31．【答案】to orbit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一个绕地球运行的生物才两岁。动词的修饰名词或代词前面有序数词、形容词最高级时，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to orbit。
32．【答案】exploration
【解析】考查名词。句意：1957年，她的飞行为太空探索铺平了道路，当时科学家们想知道它对生物是否致命。分析句子结构，根据空格前space可知，此处要填名词，构成固定短语space exploration(太空探索)。故填exploration。
33．【答案】whether
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：1957年，她的飞行为太空探索铺平了道路，当时科学家们想知道它对生物是否致命。分析句子结构可知，此处宾语句，从句不缺主宾表状等成分；根据句意可知，此处意指“它对生物是否致命”，应用whether引导。故填whether。
34．【答案】have been attracted
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：我们被地平线所吸引，去寻找食物或更大的空间，或者只是去看看那些树、山或海洋之外的东西。根据前句since the dawn of civilization可知，该段主要讲述自从人类文明以来，人类就渴望探索太空，所以用现在完成时；同时，句子主语we和所填词attract之间是被动的关系。故填have been attracted。
35．【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：飞机缩短了距离，简化了旅行，并从一个新的角度向我们展示了地球。根据句意，此处泛指“一个全新的角度”，应用不定冠词，new是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
36．【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：到上个世纪中叶，我们的目标更高了。根据空格前副词even可知，空格处要填比较级。故填higher。
37．【答案】was followed
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：莱卡进入太空四年后，第一个人类尤里·阿列克谢耶维奇·加加林(Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin)也被送入轨道。分析句子结构可知，此处要填谓语动词；根据文意，此处要用一般过去时；句子主语Laika与所填动词follow之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was followed。
38．【答案】involving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从A点到B点需要复杂的计算，包括惯性和重力。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作状语；根据句意，所填词involve与前面的名词calculation之间是主动关系，此处应该用现在分词。故填involving。
39．【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：美国宇航局的阿波罗计划已经结束，但是私人公司正在为他们自己的太空计划做准备。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填连词；根据句意，空格前后句有转折关系。故填but。
40．【答案】named
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一家名为SpaceX的公司希望将平民宇航员送上火星。分析句子结构可知，空格处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词SpaceX；所填词name与该名词之间是被动的关系，应用过去分词，意为“被称作”。故填named。
TEXT 05（2022·河南·鹤壁高中高三阶段练习）
I’m not Chinese, but I love Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year ___41___ (celebrate), but nothing quite matches the excitement of the lion dance which can wake up the spirit ___42___ (complete).
The sound of the drums, ___43___ you can feel throughout your entire body, is quite inspiring. The two performers are very flexible. But it is actually very difficult as the lion head is very heavy and being the ___44___ (low)part of the lion is tiring as he has to bend his back and also carry ___45___ person in front sometimes. The lion head is made with paper over a bamboo frame, ___46___ (cover)in gauze (纱布), and decorated with beautifully-colored materials.
The lion dance ___47___ (believe)to have first appeared in the Qianlong Emperor's dream during his Southern tour, and he ordered an animal ___48___ (make)in the likeness of his description and used in festivals from then on.
I love all about the lion dance. The other day, I saw a film about a left-behind teenager who insisted on pursuing his dreams despite difficulties and ___49___ (succeed)in lion dance. As Master Xu translates: “Heaven has made us talents; we’re not made ___50___ vain.”
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己喜欢的舞狮活动。
41．【答案】celebrations
【解析】考查名词。句意：有很多有趣的新年庆祝活动，但没有什么能比得上舞狮的兴奋，它能完全唤醒人们的精神。根据形容词fun可知，设空处需填入名词，celebrate的名词为celebration，由many可知，需填入复数形式。故填celebrations。
42．【答案】completely
【解析】考查副词。句意：有很多有趣的新年庆祝活动，但没有什么能比得上舞狮的兴奋，它能完全唤醒人们的精神。分析句子可知，设空处修饰从句的谓语can wake up，需用副词形式。故填completely。
43．【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：鼓的声音，你整个身体都可以感受得到，是非常振奋人心的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The sound of the drums，指物，在从句中作宾语，因而用which引导。故填which。
44．【答案】lower
【解析】考查形容词。句意：但事实上这很难，因为狮子的头很重，而且作为狮子的下半身会很累，因为他不得不弯腰，有时还要把前面的人扛起来。根据前文“The two performers are very flexible.(两名表演者非常灵活)”可知舞狮需要两个人，结合“he has to bend his back”可知，这是扮演狮子下半身的人，名词part前需填入形容词作定语，lower指“下面的；下方的”。故填lower。
45．【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：但事实上这很难，因为狮子的头很重，而且作为狮子的下半身会很累，因为他不得不弯腰，有时还要把前面的人扛起来。根据“The two performers are very flexible.(两名表演者非常灵活)”可知，舞狮需要两个人，in front表明此处特指前面的那个人，因而用定冠词the。故填the。
46．【答案】covered
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：狮子头是用纸在竹框上做成的，上面覆盖着纱布，并用色彩艳丽的材料装饰。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词，动词cover与逻辑主语The lion head之间是动宾关系，因而用过去分词，表示被动。故填covered。
47．【答案】is believed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：据说，舞狮最早出现在乾隆皇帝南巡时的梦境中，他下令按照自己的描述制作一种动物，并从那时起用于节日中。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少句子的谓语，动词believe与主语The lion dance之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态be done，由上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is believed。
48．【答案】to be made
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，舞狮最早出现在乾隆皇帝南巡时的梦境中，他下令按照自己的描述制作一种动物，并从那时起用于节日中。固定搭配order sth to be done表示“下令/要求某事被做”。故填to be made。
49．【答案】succeeded
【解析】考查时态。句意：前几天，我看了一部关于一个留守少年的电影，他不顾困难坚持追求自己的梦想，并在舞狮中取得成功。分析句子结构可知，设空处与insisted on并列作从句的谓语，应用一般过去时。故填succeeded。
50．【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：正如许大师所翻译的：“天生我材必有用。”固定短语in vain表示“无意义的；无价值的”，设空处缺少介词in。故填in。
TEXT 06（2022·四川宜宾·二模）
Inspired by Chinese jade ornaments (玉制品), the medals of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games were announced ____31____ (official) on Oct. 26, 2021, 100 days ahead of the opening of the sporting event. After months of expectation and secrecy, the organizing committee of the Beijing 2022 Games introduced the medals — named tong xin, ____32____ means togetherness — during a ceremony ____33____ (mark) the countdown to the opening of the event on February 4th.
The medals shave carvings of the Olympic rings ____34____ one side and are carved with the words “XXIV Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022”. The concentric rings around the center represent the pursuit of unity ____35____ harmony, while echoing the Olympic values of solidarity, inclusiveness and promoting peace. The other side of the medals has the Beijing 2022 emblem (徽章) at the center.
Engravings (版画) of cloud patterns, an element ____36____ (use) on the torch of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics, snowflakes and ice markings fill the outer rings. The outer rings ____37____ (decorate) with 24 stars strung together by circles, representing the 24th edition of the Winter Olympics. Visually, it looks quite simple and plain at first glance, while ____38____ (detail) such as the carving of clouds and snowflake patterns as well as the uneven casting on the surface have made it special.
Designers’ ____39____ (inspire) from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique status－the first city _____40_____ (host) both the Summer and Winter Olympics.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年冬奥会的官方奖牌设计细节。
31．【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。句意：受中国玉器的启发，北京2022届冬奥会奖牌于2021年10月26日正式宣布，离体育赛事开幕前还有100天。副词officially作状语，修饰动词announce。故填officially。
32．【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：经过数月的期待和保密，北京2022年奥运会组委会在2月4日的开幕倒计时仪式上推出了这些奖牌，名为同心，意思是团结。此处是非限制性定语从句 2 means togetherness，先行词是tong xin，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
33．【答案】marking
【解析】考查现在分词。主句已有谓语introduced且无连词，动词mark用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语a ceremony与动词mark是主谓关系，用现在分词（doing）表主动，作a ceremony的后置定语。故填marking。
34．【答案】on
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：奖牌的一面刻着奥林匹克五环，上面刻着“2022年北京冬奥会”字样。固定搭配on one side (一边、在一边、一面)。故填on。
35．【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：围绕中心的同心环代表着对团结与和谐的追求，同时呼应了团结、包容和促进和平的奥林匹克价值观。名词unity和名词harmony是并列关系，用并列连词and。故填and。
36．【答案】used
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：2008年北京夏季奥运会火炬上使用的云纹元素的雕刻，雪花和冰纹填满了外圈。本句已有谓语fill且无连词，动词use用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语an element与动词use是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作an element的后置定语。故填used。
37．【答案】are decorated
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：外圈由24颗星星组成，用圆圈串在一起，代表第24届冬奥会。此处缺少谓语，讲述客观事实，主语The outer rings和谓语动词decorate是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语The outer rings是复数，谓语用复数形式。故填are decorated。
38．【答案】details
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：乍一看，它在视觉上看起来非常简单朴素，而云纹雕刻和雪花图案的雕刻以及表面不均匀的铸造等细节使它显得特别。detail是可数名词，结合下文such as the carving of clouds and snowflake patterns as well as the uneven casting on the surface可知，不止一个细节，用名词复数形式作主语。故填details。
39．【答案】inspiration
【解析】考查名词。句意：设计师们第二次从玉制品身上汲取灵感，以表彰中国首都的独特地位——第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。由名词所有格Designers’可知，此处用抽象名词inspiration作主语。故填inspiration。
40．【答案】to host
【解析】考查动词不定式。the +序数词+（名词）+to do sth. (第几个做某事的人/物)，host使用动词不定式作名词city的后置定语。故填to host。
TEXT 07（2022·河南濮阳·一模）
A grand bridge over the Yangtze River serving cars and trains began operations on Wednesday in Nantong, Jiangsu province, and is expected to ____41____ (great) promote the integration (整合) and the economy of one of China’s most developed regions-the Yangtze River Delta.
It took six years and four months____42____ (build) the bridge between Nantong and Zhangjiagang. Many new technologies ____43____(use) then, including cables (电缆) with the highest tensile (拉力的) strength in the world and ____44____ advanced anti-collision system.
“The anti-collision system can warn the river traffic authority within 3 kilometers if a ship appears likely to strike the bridge.” an engineer said. Each of the bridge’s 432 cables can hold up to 1, 000 metric tons, roughly the ____45____ (weigh) of more than 600 cars.
As the second dual-use bridge in Jiangsu, ____46____ (follow) the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the newly opened structure will help to ease traffic jam, ____47____ currently occurs on two neighboring Yangtze River bridges in Nantong and Wuxi cities. Travel time between Nantong and Wuxi by highway will be cut in half to 40 minutes.
The upper half of the bridge, a highway of six lanes, ____48____ (have) a speed limit of 100 kilometers per hour. The ____49____ (low) half of the bridge has four lanes for trains. With what is designed to be 200 km/h, the new railway lane will cut travel time between Nantong and Shanghai from 3. 5 hours ____50____ just over an hour.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国沪苏通长江公路铁路两用大桥的基本情况。
41．考查副词。句意：周三，江苏省南通市一座可通汽车和火车的长江大桥通车，预计将极大地促进中国最发达的地区之一——长江三角洲地区的一体化和经济发展。此处用副词greatly作状语，修饰动词promote。故填greatly。
42．考查不定式。句意：南通张家港大桥的修建历时6年4个月。此处考查“It took some time to do sth.”，意为“花费一段时间做某事”，It为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，因此空格处是to build，故填to build。
43．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：当时使用了许多新技术，包括世界上抗拉强度最高的电缆和先进的防撞系统。根据时间状语then可知，该动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，又因为主语“Many new technologies”与动词use是被动关系，故此处用所给动词的一般过去时的被动语态，主语technologies是复数，因此空格处是were used，故填were used。
44．考查冠词。此处是泛指，故用不定冠词，advanced是以元音音素开头的，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
45．考查名词。句意：这座桥有432根钢缆，每根钢缆可以承重1000吨，大约相当于600多辆汽车的重量。根据名词所有格the (weigh) of more than 600 cars可知，此处用名词weight，是不可数名词，意为“重量”，故填weight。
46．考查现在分词。句意：作为江苏省继南京长江大桥之后的第二座两用桥梁，新开放的结构将有助于缓解目前南通和无锡市两座相邻的长江大桥上出现的交通拥堵。分析句子成分可知，bridge和follow之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用所给动词的现在分词做后置定语，表示主动。故填following。
47．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词“traffic jam”是物，故此处用关系代词which。故填which。
48．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大桥上半部分是6车道高速公路，限速为每小时100公里。此处陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时，又因为主语是“The upper half of the bridge”是单数，故此处用所给动词的第三人称单数形式has。故填has。
49．考查比较级。句意：桥的下半部分有四条火车车道。由前面的“The upper half of the bridge”可知，此处指“较低的桥的一半部分”，故用所给形容词的比较级，即lower，意为“较低的”，故填lower。
50．考查介词。句意：这条新线的设计时速为200公里，南通至上海的旅行时间将从3.5小时缩短至1小时多一点。“from. . . to. . . ”意为“从……到……”，为固定搭配，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。
TEXT 08（2022·陕西商洛·一模）
With a world reputation of beautiful silk producing nation, Chinese clothing enjoys a time-honored culture. China was the first country in the world ____51____ (develop) silk weaving (编织). According to archaeologists, Chinese people ____52____ (start) weaving since Neolithic ages. 3,000 years ago, silk weaving was already significantly developed.
In ancient China, people’s rank and social status could easily be figured out from their daily dressing, especially for the ordinary people and the upper class. Among the upper class, only the Emperor ____53____ (assign) the colour yellow. As for the ministers, generals and their ____54____ (wife), their uniforms were also restrictively regulated.
Chinese clothing has many types and suits according to ____55____ (variety) occasions. We have traditional Zhongshan suit, Cheongsam (旗袍) and many other suits ____56____ (create) by ethnic minorities (少数民族). Each type of the clothes has a unique way of making and sewing.
Cheongsam is popular because it has simple lines and looks elegant, ____57____ it fits Chinese females’ figures well. It is suitable ____58____ both young and elderly group. And it can either belong or short. Cheongsam is recognized around the world, ____59____ has inspired many foreign adaptations. It is ____60____ (popular) worn in China as the wedding dress, traditionally in red.
【答案】51．to develop 52．have started 53．was assigned 54．wives 55．various
56．created 57．and 58．for 59．which 60．popularly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国的特色服装。
51．考查不定式。句意：中国是世界上最早发展丝织的国家。“the first+名词”后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式to develop，故填to develop。
52．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据考古学家的说法，中国人从新石器时代就开始编织了。由“since Neolithic ages”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语people是复数，助动词使用have，因此空格处是have started，故填have started。
53．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：在上层社会，只有皇帝才被指定使用黄色。根据语境可知，只有皇帝才被指定使用黄色，句子用被动语态，且句子描述过去的事情，因此时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语Emperor是第三人称单数，系动词用was，因此空格处是was assigned。故填was assigned。
54．考查名词的复数。句意：至于大臣，将军和他们的夫人，他们的制服也被严格规定。and表并列，由前面的“the ministers, generals”是复数形式可知，空格处用复数wives，故填wives。
55．考查形容词。句意：中国服装根据不同的场合有多种类型和套装。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词occasions，variety的形容词是various，意为“各种各样的”，故填various。
56．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有传统的中山装、旗袍等少数民族创造的服装。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是have，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词created表被动作后置定语，故填created。
57．考查连词。句意：旗袍很受欢迎，因为它线条简单，看起来优雅，而且很适合中国女性的身材。“it has simple lines and looks elegant”和“it fits Chinese females’ figures well”是并列关系，因此空格处用and连接，故填and。
58．考查介词和固定短语。句意：它适合年轻人和老年人使用。be suitable for是固定短语，意为“适合”，因此空格处是介词for，故填for。
59．考查定语从句。句意：旗袍在世界范围内被认可，这激发了许多外国的改版。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
60．考查副词。句意：在中国，它被普遍用作结婚礼服，传统上是红色的。空格处用副词popularly修饰动词worn，popularly意为“普遍地”，故填popularly。
相关试卷
高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题01：语法填空之有提示词梳理（含解析）： 这是一份高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题01：语法填空之有提示词梳理（含解析），共19页。
高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题20语法填空无提示词 (含解析)： 这是一份高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题20语法填空无提示词 (含解析)，共27页。试卷主要包含了无提示词类等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题13构词法（符语法填空词形转换高频词） (含解析)： 这是一份高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题13构词法（符语法填空词形转换高频词） (含解析)，共38页。试卷主要包含了合成法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
