外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习20 ：选择性必修1 Unit 2　Onwards and upwards （含解析）

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选择性必修第一册　Unit 2　Onwards and upwards

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

(2020·浙江教育绿色评价联盟联考)Morley Safer has worked in television news for 61 years. He's spent 46 of those years on his broadcast, longer than anyone else. As a 1. ________ (travel), he holds some sort of record, 2. ________ (take) planes, trains, boats, even bicycles to the ends of the Earth.

When he was 24, a door that would change his life opened. He was hired 3. ________ a television news writer at the CBC, Canada's premier broadcasting network. And soon enough, he was 4. ________ foreign correspondent (记者), the job he'd dreamed of. His passport filled up quickly. In late 1963, Morley caught the eye of the American network executives, 5. ________ hired him to join the prestigious CBS bureau in London. From his base in London, he covered shooting wars in Algeria and Cyprus.

By the time he was 35, he 6. ________ (cover) news in Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. It's fair 7. ________ (say) that nobody alive today has seen as much and reported on it as 8. ________ (brilliant) as Morley. Simply by example, he's made the rest of us better journalists. His writing 9. ________ (consider) the best in the business. His toughness and kindness and sense of humour are legendary.

In a business that's fast­moving and sometimes competitive, he survived and prospered, either outworking 10. ________ outliving everyone else, trying to get to the bottom of things.

【语篇解读】在这个瞬息万变、竞争激烈的世界里，要想活下来并取得成功，要么比别人更努力，要么比别人承受的更多。这就是新闻人莫利的故事。

1. traveller　考查词性转换。由设空前的不定冠词可知，此处应用名词单数形式，故填traveller。

2. taking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词holds，且设空处与前面的谓语动词holds之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词，take和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填taking。

3. as　考查介词。此处表示“作为”，故填as。

4. a　考查冠词。设空处后面的correspondent是可数名词，且是单数形式，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且foreign以辅音音素开头，故填a。

5. who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是the American network executives，指人，故填who。

6. had covered　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“By the time he was 35”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had covered。

7. to say　考查非谓语动词。“It is/was＋adj./n.＋to do...”为固定句型，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)，故填to say。

8. brilliantly　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰前面的动词短语reported on，应用副词。“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”为固定用法，意为“和……一样……”，故填brilliantly。

9. is considered　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，设空处是句子的谓语，主语His writing与动词consider之间是被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is considered。

10. or　考查固定搭配。either... or... 为固定短语，意为“或者……或者……，不是……就是……”，故填or。

B

Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1. ________ (avoid) human beings, a new study finds.

Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2. ________ people.By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3. ________ (look) for food.

The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4. ________ (fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5. ________ had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6. ________ (careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. 7. ________ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night­time activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8. ________ (publish) in the journal Science two months ago.

The new findings are 9. ________ (usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10. ________ (surprise) that any kind of human activity is enough for animals to see people as a threat.

【语篇解读】人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以躲避人类。

1. to avoid　考查非谓语动词。句意：一项最新的研究发现狮子、老虎以及其他动物在夜间保持清醒为的是避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。

2. from　考查固定搭配。keep away from...为固定搭配，意为“远离……”。

3. looking　考查固定用法。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定用法，意为“花时间做某事”。

4. frighten　考查词性转换。情态动词can后应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。

5. What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且缺少主语，故填What。

6. carefully　考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。

7. It　考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉“________ was”和“that”后，句子意思仍然完整，故该句为强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。

8. were published　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“two months ago”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

9. unusual　考查形容词。先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。

10. surprised　考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 昨天晚上直到十二点我才去睡觉。(not... until... 的强调句型)

It was not until twelve o'clock last night that I went to bed.

2. 我写这封信是想告诉你一些相关的细节。(inform sb. of sth.)

I am writing the letter, hoping to inform you of some relevant details．

3. 他试图避免回答我的问题。(avoid)

He tried to avoid answering my questions．

4. 直到他回来，我才知道整件事情的经过。(only＋状语从句)

Only when he came back did I know the whole story.

5. 早睡早起使人健康、富有又聪明。(make＋宾语＋宾补)

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise．

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

I arrived at this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September, full of enthusiasm and eager to start working as an English teacher. I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days. Great, or so I thought. At 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me. Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning.

In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend. Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, the shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.

As for the general lack of equipment in the house, there was no oven, tin opener, sharp knives or potato peeler. It turned out making a burger from scratch wasn't the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out. I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world.

Luckily, I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I've also realised that even if a flat looks pretty, it doesn't mean its contents work. I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具)．

1. What problem did the author have in the morning?

A. She often slept late.

B. Her alarm failed to work.

C. She got some noisy neighbours.

D. Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster.

2. What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2?

A. She was a very careful woman.

B. She was quite satisfied with her flat.

C. Her flat was pretty old but comfortable.

D. Her household articles were in poor condition.

3. What happened when the author was making a burger?

A. She was seriously injured.

B. She made a terrible mistake.

C. She broke her phone accidentally.

D. She suffered a sudden power failure.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A. Remaining optimistic.

B. How to choose a nice flat.

C. Learning to live in a new flat.

D. Why living abroad is not easy.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”去西班牙的一个漂亮的小岛上做英语老师，尽管居住的公寓里面的生活用品很老旧，“我”还是学会了如何利用有限的生活用品生活。

1. D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me.”可知，作者的睡眠被公鸡打鸣声打扰了，故D项正确。

2. D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, the shower, doors or glass shelves.”可知，作者所使用的日常用品很破旧，故D项正确。

3. B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I had a small microwave and a grill.I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear.”并结合该段其他内容可知，作者将金属烤架放进微波炉里，启动后发生了故障，电源被切断。据此可推知，作者在制作汉堡时犯了个错误，故B项正确。

4. C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章最后一句“I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具)．”是全文的主题句。结合全文内容可知，文章通过讲述作者在西班牙的一个小岛上做英语老师时如何使用住房内的破旧日常用品生活的故事，说明了应当学会适应生活的道理，故C项正确。

B

“Joe? Is that you？” The woman speaking to me at the baseball game looked a little familiar. “Marci？” I asked. “It is you！” she cried out, smiling broadly. “It's good to see you again！”

It was good to see Marci, too. Off and on during the past few decades, I've wondered about her. I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci. So meeting her at the baseball game was really a surprise.

We spent a few minutes talking about our lives — the good old, bad old days. Then Marci grew quiet for a moment. “You know, Joe，” she said, “I've always wanted to tell you how... how... sorry I am for the way I treated you. You must have been hurt both physically and mentally.” I was a little embarrassed. I turned and looked at her. “It's OK，” I said. “No big deal！” “But I was such a jerk，” she continued. Yes you were, I thought. “We were both pretty young，” I smiled. “I know，” she said. “It's just always bothered me, remembering how mean I was to you. And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry.” The expression on her face was warm and sincere. And there was something in her eyes — it looked a lot like relief. “OK，” I said. “Apology accepted！” Overcome by the sweetness of the moment, I reached an arm around her and gave her a quick hug. Just then, the crowd erupted with a huge cheer, and Marci and I both returned our attention to the game. By the time I looked over to where she had been, she was gone. But the warm, wonderful feeling of our brief exchange was still there, and continues to this day whenever I think about it.

It isn't enough to just say “I'm sorry！” and “You're forgiven！”. But when those words are truly felt and sincerely expressed, they can open the door to miracles of the heart. Forgiveness can bring peace to an injured soul — even years after the fact. Even at a baseball game.

5. What kind of life did Marci live during the late 20th century according to the passage?

A. Happy.  B. Busy.  C. Hard.  D. Simple.

6. What does the underlined word “jerk” in the third paragraph mean?

A. A humorous person.

B. A cruel person.

C. A careless person.

D. An honest person.

7. Why did Marci look in relief after talking with the author?

A. Because her favourite team won the game.

B. Because she learned Joe was living a good life.

C. Because she made an apology to the author.

D. Because she found she was not mean any longer.

8. What might be the best title for the passage?

A. Excitement of a Baseball Game

B. The Mental Burden of a Woman

C. Miracles of Forgiveness

D. Relief of Finding a Friend

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在棒球赛场见到了多年未见的朋友Marci。她见到“我”后为以前那样对待“我”向“我”真诚地道歉，“我”立刻原谅了她。原来，原谅可以给受伤的心灵带去慰藉。

5. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci.”可知，在20世纪90年代Marci生活得很艰难，故C项正确。

6. B　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“It's just always bothered me, remembering how mean I was to you.”可知，当时她对“我”很刻薄，这件事一直困扰着她，再结合下文可知，她认为她是一个刻薄的人。据此可知，画线词与B项含义相近，故B项正确。

7. C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry.’ The expression on her face was warm and sincere. And there was something in her eyes — it looked a lot like relief.”可知，由于Marci向我真诚地道了歉，所以她感到轻松了，故C项正确。

8. C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章最后两句为全文的主题句。本文通过讲述“我”接受朋友Marci的真诚道歉，体会到原谅可以抚慰受伤的心灵的故事。故C项最适合作为本文标题。

Ⅱ. 阅读七选五

Apologising the Right Way to a Friend

Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do. But we all make mistakes, so you'll probably have an occasion when you need to apologise. Perhaps you had blown up at someone and realised later you reacted poorly.   1  . Whatever the reason, apologising can help you both heal and move on from the situation.

  2  . First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology, you take responsibility for your actions, which allows your friend to forgive you. Second, an apology gives your sincerity as a friend.   3  ， but that doesn't mean we still shouldn't apologise.

Now, what are elements of a proper apology?   4  ， depending on what the offense was, where it was done, and who you are apologising to. In general, a good apology should include the following: a request for their attention, an acknowledgment of what happened, sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “I'm sorry” or “I apologise”. Here are things never to say when apologising. Note that the art of apologising involves taking responsibility. Never apologise as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don't think you did.   5  ， you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. You'll really need to self­reflect so you can see things from your friend's point of view.

A. When you make your apology in person

B. If you really believe you did nothing wrong

C. Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways

D. The way you apologise is going to be slightly different

E. Or maybe you just didn't show support when you needed to

F. Apologising the right way, however, may take a little practice

G. Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。

1. E　根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。

2. C　空处位于段落句首主题句的位置。通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。

3. G　根据空后的“but that doesn't mean we still shouldn't apologise”可知，G项“有时我们的好友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。

4. D　根据空后的“depending on... who you are apologising to”可知，D项“你道歉的方法要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D。

5. B　根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

假定你是李华，你们学校的英国交换生Jeff准备参加“外国人讲中国成语(idiom)故事”比赛，他发邮件让你给予辅导。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：

1. 答应帮助；

2. 提出建议；

3. 询问辅导时间与地点。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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【参考范文】

Dear Jeff，

I am writing to reply to your email regarding the Chinese idiom story competition you are going to participate in. It would be my great pleasure to help you prepare for the contest.

First, I recommend the most commonly used ones that come from interesting stories. Second, I advise fully researching the idioms' meanings and origins to gain an instructive and fascinating insight into the cultural history of China. In this way, your storytelling will be highly impressive and appealing.

Could you please tell me when and where to meet? I look forward to further discussion with you.

Yours，

Li Hua