外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习23 ：选择性必修1 Unit 5　Revealing nature （含解析）

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选择性必修第一册　Unit 5　Revealing nature

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

(2020·湖南长郡中学适应性考试)Chickens are excellent natural enemies of locusts (蝗虫). On average, one chicken can catch over 600 locusts a day and can cover 0.6 acre of grassland.

1. ________ (official) in China's Xinjiang have handed out over 2，200 chickens to local farmers, 2. ________ (hope) to control locusts. There has been a decline in the locust population in several counties 3. ________ the measure has been adopted.

A report predicted 4. ________ (high) than normal incidents of locusts for the northern part of China, 5. ________ (main) owing to warmer winter temperatures. Nearly 10，000 acres in Wushi county have already been destroyed by locusts.

Previous efforts to kill locusts in Xinjiang included pesticides (杀虫剂) that, while effective, also 6. ________ (end) up killing off beneficial insects and harming the ecosystem. Alternatively, only 100 chickens last year in Wushi county were able to effectively limit damage 7. ________ more than 1，300 acres.

This isn't the first time China 8. ________ (use) birds against locusts. A story from The Telegraph described how officials trained 700，000 chickens and ducks 9. ________ (run) after and consume locusts at the sound of a whistle. The campaign, which included nearly 280，000 people, was a response to the country's worst locust outbreak in 10. ________ quarter century.

【语篇解读】中国新疆的牧场面临蝗虫灾害，当地政府采取了生态措施，利用鸡、鸭捕杀蝗虫，最终取得了良好的效果。

1. Officials　考查名词的单复数。official为可数名词，根据下文中的“have handed out”可知，主语应用复数形式，故填Officials。

2. hoping　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语have handed out，此处与谓语之间无连词连接，由此判断此处应用非谓语动词，hope与主语Officials之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填hoping。

3. where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为counties，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。

4. higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的“than”可知，此处应用比较级。

5. mainly　考查词性转换。此处修饰介词短语owing to，应该用副词作状语，mainly意为“主要地”。

6. ended　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，此处作从句谓语，根据主句中的谓语动词included可以判断，从句应该用一般过去时。故填ended。

7. to　考查介词。limit... to...为固定搭配，意为“把……限定在……”，故填to。

8. has used　考查动词的时态。This is/was (not) the first time (that)．.. 为固定句型，意为“这(不)是第一次……”，当主句谓语是is时，that从句应该用现在完成时，故填has used。

9. to run　考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to run。

10. a　考查固定搭配。根据语境，此处应表示“近25年里”。a quarter意为“四分之一”，为固定搭配，故填a。

B

You've heard of getting lost in a book. Now, get ready to get lost in a “river” of books Zhongshuge, a bookstore in Yangzhou, China. When 1. ________(walk) into Zhongshuge, you're surrounded on all sides by a tunnel of books. An 2. ________(architecture) studio called X＋Living designed Zhongshuge. The shelves 3. ________(arrange) in curved shapes to create the tunnel­like appearance.

The floor is covered with black mirrors, reflecting the shelves above and creating the feel 4. ________ the bookshelves continue down past the floor you're standing 5. ________. As it turns out, the store's design has more 6. ________(significant) than just a fun feel. Yangzhou is full of canals and rivers. X＋Living, therefore, 7. ________(combine) this concept with Zhongshuge 8. ________(perfect), and tried to create a “river” of books. As if all that weren't enough, Zhongshuge has9. ________amazing space for children's books as well. The bookshelves are shaped like houses, clouds, and even a hot air balloon 10. ________(offer) them a paradise.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国扬州的一家书店——钟书阁，及店内的设计布置等情况。

1. walking　考查省略句。在when引导的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。本句的完整形式为“When(you are) walking into Zhongshuge”。故填walking。

2. architectural　考查形容词。修饰名词studio应用形容词architectural，表示“建筑学的”。故填architectural。

3. are arranged　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为shelves，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填are arranged。

4. that　考查同位语从句。此处为同位语从句解释说明前面的the feel，且从句中不缺少成分，故填that。

5. on　考查固定搭配。stand on为固定搭配，表示“站在”。故填on。

6. significance　考查名词。此处作动词has的宾语，应用名词significance“意义，重要性”。故填significance。

7. combined　考查动词的时态。combine在句中作谓语，且根据后文中的并列谓语“and tried”可知，应用一般过去时。故填combined。

8. perfectly　考查副词。此处修饰动词combined，应用副词perfectly，表示“完美地”。故填perfectly。

9. an　考查冠词。space此处表示“间隔”，为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且amazing为元音音素开头的单词。故填an。

10. to offer　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，offer在句中作目的状语应用不定式。故填to offer。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 我如此忙以至于我不能帮忙照顾孩子。(so... that...)

I'm so busy that I can't help to look after the child.

2. 从他的表情看，我怀疑他是个小偷。(suspect)

Judging from his expression, I suspected him to be/as a thief.

3. 她回到家时，有一大堆信件等着她。(现在分词作后置定语)

When she got home, there was a pile of mails waiting for her．

4. 据说到目前为止汤姆已经记住了2 000个汉字。(be said to do...)

Tom is said to have learned by heart 2，000 Chinese characters up to now.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic (超声的) cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water­starved crops.

Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem it cut.

Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water­stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate (推断)．

On average, drought­stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.

It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine­learning model to recognise between the plants' sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water­hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example.

Enabling farmers to listen for water­stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”， the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.

“The suggestion that the sounds that drought­stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible (可行的) if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation，” says Anne Visscher at the royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.

She warns that the results can't yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains based on guesses for now, she says.

1. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that ________．

A. tomato plants cry more often than tobacco when hurt

B. plant sounds can be heard by plants quite far away

C. humans can hear water­hungry plants crying

D. moths like laying eggs on stressed plant

2. What is Anne Visscher's attitude towards the finding of the experiment?

A. Disappointed.  B. Cautious.  C. Appreciative.  D. Optimistic.

3. Taking advantage of the new research finding, farmers can ________．

A. harvest crops in time 

B. reduce greenhouse effects

C. diagnose plant condition faster 

D. detect and remove insects easily

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Plants Get Stressed Just Like Us

B. Sounds of Plants Detected Far Away

C. Cries of Plants Break Farmers' Hearts

D. Plants Scream in the Presence of Stress

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，植物在受到缺水或者被砍断的压力时，会发出尖叫声。这一新发现开创了精准农业的一个新领域。

1. A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15.”可知，研究人员的实验显示番茄植株受到伤害时比烟草植株更容易发出尖叫声。故选A。

2. B　推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中的“the results can't yet be broadened... so that idea remains based on guesses...”可知，Anne Visscher对实验结果持谨慎的态度。故选B。

3. C　推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，这一新的发现让农民能够听到缺水植物的声音，农民就可以快速判断植物当前处于缺水的状况。故选C。

4. D　标题归纳题。文章第一段提到“they have been recorded making ultrasonic (超声的) cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water­starved crops.”下文是说明这一研究的具体过程。植物在受到缺水或者被砍断的压力时，会发出声音。因此文章的标题应该是“植物在压力下会发出尖叫声”。故选D。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

There he was, turning the corner of Hawley and Main Street like clockwork. His red hair seemed to catch the sunlight, giving his head a soft candle — flame glow. He caught my eye, and up went his arm in his usual wave. As usual, I   1   back and gave him a warm smile. I didn't know his name, but he was very   2   to everybody. No matter the weather, I saw him walking out there almost every day.

Having moved from a larger city, I wasn't used to waves from   3  . Actually, wherever we were, people hardly   4   each other. We simply passed by each other, heads down, minding our own   5  ．

Perhaps that's why I enjoyed these daily waves. It felt great to be   6   and receive that message of “Hello！”. On days when we didn't   7   to pass each other, I missed him and wondered if he was all right. The next day, I'd find myself driving with one eye on the   8  . It was a happy reunion when I spotted him, and I'd wave first in my   9  ．

One night I was walking in the street, my thoughts travelled to “The Waver”， wondering if I could be   10   enough to wave at people I didn't know. Just at the point, I heard a car   11  . I made eye contact with the person in the car, smiled and waved at her. The woman's face   12  ， and she waved back. I was a little surprised. I reminded myself, “It's okay. It's actually kind of   13  ！” I waved to everyone I saw the rest of the way home.

Everyone at some point in their lives wonders if they've made any   14   on the world. I can tell you that you don't have to change the world   15  . It's enough to help sweeten it a little, even simply by a heart­warming wave.

1. A. waved  B. took  C. saluted  D. glanced

2. A. cautious  B. reliable  C. friendly  D. thankful

3. A. strangers  B. relatives  C. colleagues  D. employers

4. A. informed  B. encouraged  C. encountered  D. acknowledged

5. A. behaviours  B. business  C. appearance  D. manners

6. A. worried  B. noticed  C. relieved  D. checked

7. A. agree  B. attempt  C. promise  D. happen

8. A. pedestrians  B. buildings  C. street  D. children

9. A. mildness  B. kindness  C. eagerness  D. brightness

10. A. brave  B. mature  C. lucky  D. crazy

11. A. attacking  B. escaping  C. following  D. approaching

12. A. lengthened  B. softened  C. worsened  D. tightened

13. A. cool  B. tough  C. fresh  D. curious

14. A. comment  B. impact  C. decision  D. sense

15. A. accurately  B. slightly  C. thoroughly  D. generally

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过向陌生人挥手感悟到每个人在人生的某个阶段都想知道自己是否对这个世界产生了影响。你不需要彻底改变这个世界，即使只是一个简单的挥手也可以让世界变得更美好。

1. A　根据上文“He caught my eye, and up went his arm in his usual wave.”可知，作者也向对方挥了挥手作为回应。故选A。

2. C　根据上文对方跟不认识的作者打招呼可知，那个人对每个人都很友好。故选C。

3. A　根据上文“I didn't know his name”可知，作者不习惯陌生人向自己招手。故选A。

4. D　在大城市里，人们不习惯陌生人向自己招手，因此无论在哪里，人们几乎都不认识对方。故选D。

5. B　此处考查固定短语mind one's own business表示“管自己的事”。故选B。

6. B　根据上文陌生人注意到了作者，向作者挥手可知，作者感到被人注意到的感觉棒极了。故选B。

7. D　根据上文可知，作者和陌生男子只是在街上碰巧遇到的，短语happen to“碰巧发生”。故选D。

8. C　根据上文“I missed him and wondered if he was all right.”可知，作者想念和自己挥手的男子，因此开车的时候一只眼睛还盯着街上。故选C。

9. C　作者和对方好几天不见，因此在此重聚时，急切地向他挥手。短语in one's eagerness“急切地”。故选C。

10. A　根据上文可知作者并不习惯和陌生人挥手，因此此处是在思考自己是否能够勇敢地向不认识的人挥手。故选A。

11. D　根据下文“I made eye contact with the person in the car”可知，有车开过来了，逐渐靠近作者。故选D。

12. B　根据上文“smiled and waved at her”可知，作者向车里的女士微笑和挥手，对方的脸色变得柔和，也向作者挥了挥手。故选B。

13. A　根据上文“It's okay.”可知，作者这么做了以后，觉得还挺酷的，承接上文okay，此处用cool更符合语境。故选A。

14. B　根据下文“on the world”可知，此处考查短语make an impact on表示“对……产生影响”。故选B。

15. C　根据下文“It's enough to help sweeten it a little, even simply by a heart­warming wave.”可知，你不必彻底改变世界，只需要一个简单的热情的挥手，就可以使世界更甜蜜一点儿。故选C。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favourite season. Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon 1. ________(find) a deeper appreciation for this season.

The change of leaf colours is a common reason given 2. ________ the love of fall. Each tree reacts 3. ________ (different) to the change of the season. Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing. However, other 4. ________ (tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain additional energy from the sun to survive the winter. This effect 5. ________ (call) the flight­or­fight response.

Fall is a time of 6. ________ (reflect) and preparation for the year ahead. I have found a meaning of fall for me. I'm 7. ________ 18­year­old boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress. There are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realise life keeps 8. ________ (move). The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesn't stop growing so I have to learn to keep up.

The meaning of fall is different for each person. I encourage you 9. ________ (go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and discover 10. ________ fall means to you.

【语篇解读】作者喜欢秋天这个季节，因为它是作者反思和准备未来的时刻，能让作者不断前进。

1. found　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Last weekend”和“went”可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事，故填found。

2. for　考查固定搭配。the reason for...为固定搭配，意为“……的原因”，故填for。

3. differently　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词reacts，故填differently。

4. trees　考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，此处other修饰名词复数，且谓语动词为复数，故填trees。

5. is called　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，call和主语This effect是被动关系，且此处描述的是一种客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called。

6. reflection　考查词性转换。of是介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，再结合and后的preparation可知，此处应填reflection。

7. an　考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。

8. moving　考查固定用法。keep doing sth.为固定用法，意为“一直做某事，继续做某事”，故填moving。

9. to go　考查固定用法。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to go。

10. what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。