外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习30 ：选择性必修2 Unit 6　Survival （含解析）

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选择性必修第二册　Unit 6　Survival

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 1. ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2. ________ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.

Modern methods 3. ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive 4. ________ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5. ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6. ________ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7. ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8. ________ (high) than they actually are. Of 9. ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10. ________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于生存环境恶化，北极熊数量减少的状况。

1. that　考查名词性从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故填that。

2. poorly　考查副词。应用副词poorly修饰动词studied。

3. of/for　考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for，表示“……的方法”。

4. to perform　考查非谓语动词。本句含有“Sth.＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。

5. have reported　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语In recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，故填have reported。

6. belief　考查名词。根据空前的a可知，leading to后接的是名词作宾语，故填belief。

7. noting　考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用v.­ing形式作宾语，故填noting。

8. higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的连词than可知，本句表示比较意义，故填higher。

9. the　考查冠词。此处表特指，故填定冠词the。

10. are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时；且six表示复数含义，故谓语动词应用复数，故填are。

B

With seasonal temperatures breaking records almost every year, tree species 1. ________ (expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centres northward. But 2. ________ recent survey shows the trend towards westward movement is even 3. ________ (strong) than expected — in some cases, species have shifted their ranges to west by as much as 73 percent.

The survey shows that roughly three­quarters of the 86 tree species 4. ________ (survey) have shifted their population centres westward 5. ________ 1980.

Obviously, trees aren't uprooting 6. ________ (them) and moving elsewhere. The survey provides insight into general population trends as young trees continue to take root in westward land, while some of the older 7. ________ (plant) of the species in the eastern areas are slowly dying out. In this way, the centre of a species' range can gradually shift over time.

Though scientists aren't sure 8. ________ is causing this change, the publishers of the study think that it's connected to rainfall. Rainfall totals across the United States have changed, 9. ________ (cause) areas such as the Southeast to experience significantly less rain annually, while the Great Plains is getting far more than its historical average. For this reason, most trees are moving towards the 10. ________ (increasing) watery plains.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文。文章主要讲述由于季节性气温的变化，树种也在向北转移来适应这些变化。调查显示大约有3/4的树种向西迁移，移到西部的小树继续生根而东部的古老植物却在慢慢地灭绝。尽管科学家们不确定是什么导致了这一变化，但已出版的研究认为它与降雨有关。

1. are expected　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子“tree species 1. ________ (expect) to adapt to the changes”可知，本句中的expect的宾语是tree species，故本句要用被动语态，又根据上下文语境可知，应用一般现在时。故填are expected。

2. a　考查冠词。分析句子可知，本空指的数量，“一”用a，故填a。

3. stronger　考查形容词的比较级。根据“is even 3. ________ (strong) than expected”可知，本空是作系动词is 的表语。根据than可知，要用比较级。故填stronger。

4. surveyed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句中的tree species是被调查，所以要用过去分词surveyed作后置定语。故填surveyed。

5. since　考查连词。本句中用了现在完成时，应用since引导时间状语从句。故填since。

6. themselves　考查反身代词。根据语境可知，树木不能把它们自己(themselves)拔出来，故填themselves。

7. plants　考查名词。根据“some of the older...”可知，应用其复数形式。故填plants。

8. what　考查名词性从句。分析句子“Though scientists aren't sure 8. ________ is causing this change”可知，本句中缺少宾语，sure后的从句中缺少主语。故填what。

9. causing　考查非谓语动词。前面的降雨量的变化，自然而然地导致了东南部等地区降水量的减少，是可以推断出的结果，用现在分词形式作状语，故填causing。

10. increasingly　考查副词。分析“most trees are moving towards the 10. ________ (increasing) watery plains”可知，本句中的increasing作状语，修饰形容词watery，应用副词形式。故填increasingly。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 通过建立微信，无论在哪里我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。(wherever)

By setting up WeChat, we can conveniently share our experiences wherever we are．

2. 毫无疑问，我们会选出最优秀的运动员来参加即将到来的奥运会。(doubt)

There is no doubt that we will select the best players to take part in the coming Olympic Games.

3. 我对此感到很遗憾，开始想着做些什么来帮助(他们)。(现在分词短语作状语)

Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help.

4. 如果你能替我安排这事，我将非常感激。(appreciate)

I would much appreciate it if you would arrange for me.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Pangolins (穿山甲) are the most trafficked (非法交易) mammals in the world and are facing extinction. To draw attention to these scaly (有鳞片的), anteater­like animals, a new wildlife documentary, Eye of the Pangolin, is attempting a unique way to inspire action and conservation. Partnering with the non­profit organisation Pangolin, Africa, the documentary was made available on YouTube in May 2019. The intention is to reach communities wherever the Internet is available, especially African communities, who live near the animal's habitats.

Over two years, the documentary crew travelled to South Africa, Ghana, Central African Republic and Gabon in search of the four unique species of pangolin, which has never been achieved before. Filmmakers Bruce Young and Johan Vermeulen said that they went into the shoot knowing relatively little about pangolins, but grew to respect and appreciate the animals. Getting close to the creatures over two years was a crash course in these secretive creatures. Johan Vermeulen said, “One thing however that might seem unimportant is that they are actually quite fussy eaters. You would think they would eat any type of ant, but they all prefer a specific type ant.”

Pangolins are hunted illegally across Africa for their scales, which are used for traditional medicine, and their meat. In April 2019, Singaporean customs officials conducted two separate seizures (缴获) of 24 tons of pangolin scales, which equals to the death of 69，000 pangolins.

Though the documentary focuses less on the trafficking of pangolins, and more on the animals in their natural habitats, the aim of the documentary is to inspire viewers around the world to call for action to end trafficking and protecting these unique creatures.

Filmed on location in South Africa, Ghana, Central African Republic, and Gabon, this powerful documentary is the story of two men on a mission to get all four species of African pangolin on camera for the very first time.

1. What is the purpose of the documentary?

A. To study the situation of pangolins.

B. To collect fund to protect pangolins.

C. To raise awareness of pangolin protection.

D. To propose setting up pangolin reserves.

2. What is the meaning of the underlined word“fussy” in Paragraph 2?

A. Picky.  B. Messy.  C. Showy.  D. Heavy.

3. What's the documentary mainly about?

A. The illegal trade of pangolins.

B. The medical function of pangolin's scales.

C. The life of pangolins in their natural habitats.

D. The efforts of Pangolin, Africa to save pangolins.

4. Where is the text most likely from?

A. A brochure.  B. A diary.  C. A novel.  D. A magazine.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。穿山甲是世界上被贩运最频繁的哺乳动物，并且正面临灭绝。一部新的野生动物纪录片《穿山甲之眼》正在尝试以一种独特的方式来呼吁人们采取行动保护它们。

1. C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the aim of the documentary is to inspire viewers around the world to call for action to end trafficking and protecting these unique creatures”可知，该纪录片的目的是呼吁全世界的观看者采取行动，制止贩运从而保护这些独特的生物。因此，该纪录片的目的是提高对穿山甲保护的意识。故选C。

2. A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“You would think they would eat any type of ant, but they all prefer a specific type ant.”可知，穿山甲实际上对食物很挑剔。所以画线词fussy意为“挑剔的”。故选A。

3. C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Though the documentary focuses less on the trafficking of pangolins, and more on the animals in their natural habitats”可知，纪录片的主要内容是穿山甲在自然栖息地的生活。故选C。

4. D　文章出处题。根据第一段中的“Pangolins (穿山甲) are the most trafficked (非法交易) mammals... is attempting a unique way to inspire action and conservation.”可知，文章最有可能来自一本动物保护方面的杂志。故选D。

Ⅱ. 阅读七选五

(2021·辽宁省实验中学模拟)Friends should always be honest with you, right? So when they lie, it can be really hard to take. You want to trust your friends and that means knowing that they'll tell it to you straight no matter what it is.   1   Why does this happen?

  2 

One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your feelings. Some people don't understand the difference between being gently honest with a friend and being so straightforward that they leave a verbal wound. They choose to avoid these two extremes in the form of a lie.

They feel embarrassed.

Sometimes friends will lie about things in their life because they are too embarrassed to admit the truth. Maybe they are going through a rough time and they just don't want you to know about it. Avoid trying to badger (纠缠) your friends into telling you what's wrong.   3 

Avoid an argument with you.

Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth, you'll get angry with them. Make sure that if a friend tells you something unpleasant, you don't overact.   4   If you do end up arguing, do it in a respectable way.

Exclude you.

Lying isn't always a sign that friends are trying to protect you, however.   5  When you find out with certainty that your friend is lying to you, try and face it. If you feel your friend is lying because he or she doesn't want to be around you, that's your wake­up to move on.

A. Protect your feelings.

B. They want to be your closer friends.

C. But a friend who lies isn't always trying to hurt you.

D. Consider what's being said and why your friend is telling you this.

E. Being honest and making a sincere effort can keep the friendship strong.

F. Sometimes they lie because they don't want you to be included in their plans.

G. Instead, make it clear that you are there for them when and if they are ready to talk.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了朋友对你说谎的四种原因并给出了对应的处理办法。

1. C　根据下文中的“Why does this happen？”，再结合下文分析了朋友对你撒谎的原因是为了避免伤害你的感情可知，说谎的朋友并不总是试图伤害你。故C选项符合上下文语境，故选C。

2. A　根据本段第一句“One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your feelings.”可知，本段说明了朋友撒谎是为了保护你的感受。故A选项符合上下文语境，故选A。

3. G　根据上文中的“Avoid trying to badger (纠缠) your friends into telling you what's wrong.”可知，朋友对你撒谎可能是因为他们自己正在经历艰难的时期，因此最好的做法是不要纠缠你的朋友，而是在他们准备好跟你谈心的时候，清楚地告诉他们你在他们身边陪伴他们。故G选项符合上下文语境，故选G。

4. D　根据上文中的“Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth, you'll get angry with them. Make sure that if a friend tells you something unpleasant, you don't overact.”可知，朋友对你撒谎可能是因为如果告诉你真相，你会生气，所以在朋友告诉你令你不开心的事情的时候，你应该冷静想想他们说了什么，以及为什么要跟你说这些。故D选项符合上下文语境，故选D。

5. F　根据上文中的“Lying isn't always a sign that friends are trying to protect you, however.”以及最后一句“If you feel your friend is lying because he or she doesn't want to be around you, that's your wake­up to move on.”可知，有时候朋友们对你撒谎仅仅是因为他们不想跟你在一起，不想让你加入他们的计划。故F选项符合上下文语境，故选F。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

假定你是李华，你每周日上午都会去交换生Alice那里教她制作中式早餐。本周日的安排因你爷爷生日而改到下午。请你给她写封邮件，内容包括：

1. 本周学习时间变更及原因；

2. 本周学习内容：制作包子(steamed stuffed bun)；

3. 课前准备：面粉、猪肉及蔬菜。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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【参考范文】

Dear Alice，

I am writing to inform you of my plan for the next lesson. I have to change the time for the next lesson from morning to afternoon because this Sunday will be my grandfather's birthday, and all my families will get together in the morning to celebrate his 70th birthday.

The content of the next lesson is to learn making steamed stuffed buns. To prepare for the lesson, I suggest you buy some flour, pork and vegetables ahead of time. Contact me if you have any problem.

Yours，

Li Hua

Ⅳ. 读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

In 1989, fresh out of high school, I had the difficult task of choosing a career path before college started in three months. In those days in Pakistan, there were limited options: becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a business degree. I wasn't interested in engineering, so that I was left with medicine or business. I couldn't decide.

My uncle, an influential person in the family, suggested that I do a work placement to experience it for a month in an international company followed by a month in a hospital. After that, I could make a decision. It seemed like a brilliant idea.

I was accepted for a month's placement at a foreign bank in Karachi. I got a feel for how the world of finance functioned, made new friends, and generally enjoyed the mostly easy­going work surroundings.

The month passed rapidly, and soon I began working at a leading hospital in Karachi. The experience couldn't have been more different. The hospital had an intense environment. The days started early (at 7 am, compared to 9 am at the bank), and were filled with endless duties. And the night calls! This was crazy, working all day, through the night, and again the next day.

I began thinking about my two experiences. The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere, better working hours and less stress. The hospital was full of excitement and unpredictability, but the studying and training was difficult. It seemed that the business option was going to win out.

Near the end of my month at the hospital, I was driving home after an especially busy night call. In front of me was a public bus, with college students sitting on the top. As the driver weaved through (穿梭) traffic, I could see the boys shaking from side to side.

注意：续写词数应为 150 左右。

Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus. ____________________________

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The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces. __________________________________________

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【参考范文】

Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus. He hit the road face down and rolled over. He lay motionless in the middle of the road as the bus sped away. None of the cars behind the bus stopped. In fact, I felt the same urge to keep going, but the urge to stop and help was stronger. Knowing that he could die in a matter of minutes, I stopped my car and carefully examined the body. With the help of some passers­by, I lifted his unconscious body into the car and raced back to the hospital. After his family was contacted, and he was wheeled into emergency surgery, I drove home, exhausted.

The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces. The mother held my hands to her face and started weeping. “Son, you are an angel！” she repeated. What a feeling this was, to help save the life of another person! I spent the rest of the day in a state of excitement, the most thrilling mood I had ever experienced. Driving home that evening, I knew what I wanted to do for the rest of my life. Two months of placements could not match what 30 minutes helping an accident victim had done for me. We spend a lot of our time wondering what path to take in our lives. This experience taught me that at times, these decisions are made for you — and that whatever happens is always for the best.