新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第1 题型突破细节理解题 (含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第1 题型突破细节理解题 (含解析)，共24页。试卷主要包含了理解主旨要义；2， D．￡16， B．$64， D．$103，题型分布不均等内容，欢迎下载使用。

根据表格分析可知，近年来阅读理解体裁以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，议论文和新闻报道为辅，其中科普知识类和生态环保类的说明文更是考生的难题；题型考查中细节理解和推理判断题所占比重较大，词句猜测和主旨大意题所占比重较小。各类阅读理解中的长难句日益增多，因此，在复习备考中，我们应该着重从题型、体裁和微技能三方面进行高效复习。
第1讲 题型突破——细节理解题
细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考阅读理解中占了60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。分析近三年的高考真题可知：直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。
设问方式
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，wh，hw much/many等疑问词引出问题。
2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如nt，never等。
3．以“Accrding t...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge fr mst mthers is frm ________.
选项特征
技法一 直接信息题
——定位比对找答案
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，wh，when，where，why和hw)等开头的特殊疑问句。
解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A片段)
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late.If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zer.Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer.Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
23．What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A．Yu will receive a zer.
B．Yu will lse a letter grade.
C．Yu will be given a test.
D．Yu will have t rewrite it.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。一、在题干中标注定位词submit an essay ne week after the due date，二、在原文中找出信息句，即Late Wrk部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zer”，三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。
技法二 间接信息题
——同义转换定答案
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。
设问方式
1．Accrding t the authr/passage，...
2．What can we learn
此类试题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·B片段)
Gffin’s cckats，a kind f small parrt native t Australasia，have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld.Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild，the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment，cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it.The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm.Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
24．Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A．By fllwing instructins.
B．By using a tl.
C．By turning the bx arund.
D．By remving the lid.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。一读题干，锁定关键词，即Hw，get the nut；二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即第一段中的“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild，the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.”和“ birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ t chse frm.Inserting the crrect ‘key’ wuld let ut the nut.”，B项是对信息区间的同义描述，即在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
技法三 数字计算题
——整合推算得答案
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3.科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，hw many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。
解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国乙·A片段)
Admissin
￡4.Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
22．Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A．￡4. B．￡8.
C．￡12. D．￡16.
答案 B
解析 数字计算题。一读题干寻找关键词a cuple with tw children under 12，二在Admissin部分中标记￡4.Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free，三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
A
(外刊阅读·原创题) 选自(https： mdel-65734)
The afternn sun shne dwn n my daughter，Syriah，13，while I painted.I watched as the warm rays lit up her skin，creating a beautiful pattern.But Syriah was brn with vitilig，a cnditin that causes the lss f skin clur in patches(小块) all ver her bdy.
Althugh a lt f peple with vitilig struggle with cnfidence issues，Syriah was nt ne f them，cmfrtable frm the mment it started shwing at fur years ld.It was inspiring.The lder she gt，the mre she tld me abut her hbby f mdelling but living in a small twn，it wasn’t easy.
Painting had always been a big part f my life.Althugh I did it fr fun，peple were always asking me if my wrks were fr sale.Then I decided t g fr it，making a Facebk page t sell my creatins.I wanted t set up a legacy(遗产) fr my kids and help build them smething fr their future.
One day，I received a message frm a wman named Ana.Interested，I cntacted her and she explained she was the creatr f Lndn Pacific Fashin Week，an event where designers can launch their brands during Lndn Fashin Week.“I want yu t create a fashin line fr a runway shw，” she said，explaining that they’d get t search fr their wn mdels t.
Suddenly，I thught f Syriah’s mdelling ambitin.What if this culd get her started? Sn after，Ana cnnected with me n Facebk and came acrss the phts I’d taken f Syriah.
“Hw wuld yu feel abut yur daughter mdelling in the shw? I lve her smile with cnfidence！”she messaged.
“Yes！”I replied excitedly，“that’s her dream！”
When I tld my girl the news，she cried with excitement.
Nw，we can’t wait fr Syriah’s first mdelling perfrmance.Hpefully her image will make a difference t girls，just like her，wh’ve never seen peple like them represented in the fashin industry.She’ll shw everyne that beauty cmes in many frms.
1．What can we learn abut Syriah?
A．She shwed ptential fr painting.
B．She was nt cnfident enugh.
C．She suffered frm a skin disease.
D．She gt sick f rural life.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，Syriah天生患有白癜风，这种疾病导致全身皮肤的颜色一块块地脱落，由此可知，她患有一种皮肤病，故选C。
2．Why did the authr chse t sell her paintings?
A．T finance her future generatin.
B．T gain wide recgnitin.
C．T becme a Facebk hit.
D．T dnate mney fr the disabled.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者想为她的孩子留下一些遗产，并为他们的未来准备一些东西，所以选择卖她的画，故选A。
3．Which f the fllwing was nt right?
A．Ana funded Lndn Pacific Fashin Week.
B．Ana wanted t find sme mdels.
C．Syriah willingly accepted Ana’s ffer t be a mdel.
D．Syriah didn’t perfrm well in the fashin shw.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知A项正确；根据第四段的“they’d get t search fr their wn mdels”可知B项正确；根据倒数第二段可知C项正确；根据最后一段可知，作者期望Syriah在时装表演周可以有好的表现，文章并没有说她表现不好。故选D。
4．Syriah gt the mdelling jb due t ____________________________________________.
A．her beauty cming frm within
B．her mther’s recmmendatin
C．her clse relatinship with Ana
D．her utstanding mdelling skills
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“I lve her smile with cnfidence！”可知，Syriah得到这份模特工作是由于她自信的微笑，也就是内在的美，故选A。
B
The Empire State Building is ne f the mst ppular attractins in New Yrk City，bth fr the tur and histry f the building.Our Empire State Building facts include NYC Insider tips and the best ways t tur this wrld-famus icn，whether yu are shrt n time r budget.
Empire State Building Hurs
The main entrance t the Empire State Building is n Fifth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets.All visitrs must use this entrance and there is ften a wait just t get in the building.The Empire State Building Observatry is pen frm 8∶00 a．m.t 2∶00 a．m.7 days a week.Last elevatrs g up at 1∶15 a．m.
Empire State Building Tur Facts
The ESB ffers tw bservatries，the 86th flr and the 102nd flr.
86th Flr Observatry(indr and utdr)
1，050 feet(320 meters)，reached by high-speed，autmatic elevatrs，it has a glass-enclsed area，which is heated in winter and cled in summer.High-pwered binculars(双筒望远镜) are available fr the cnvenience f visitrs at a minimal cst.
102nd Flr Observatry(indr nly)
Tickets are nly sld upn arrival at the Empire State Building at a cst f $15.00 in additin t regular admissin tickets.
Empire State Building Tickets
Regular—$38 adult，$32 ages 6－12，under 5 free.
Express Pass—$65 all visitrs ages 6＋
Buying yur tickets befre yu g t New Yrk saves yur time.When buying tickets，yu can pt fr regular tickets r express tickets.Yu can als buy a discunt pass fr free entrance.If yu want t visit the 102nd flr，yu can get tickets which include dinner at STATE Grill and Bare.
5．What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Yu can enter the building thrugh three entrances.
B．A large number f visitrs are attracted by the building.
C．Visitrs are nt allwed t take elevatrs after 1∶00 a．m.
D．The Empire State Building is clsed n weekends.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“All visitrs must use this entrance and there is ften a wait just t get in the building.”可知，到这里参观的游客必须等待，其主要原因可能是游客数量很多。故选B。
6．What can we say abut the 86th Flr Observatry?
A．It is lcated at a height f 1，050 meters.
B．It is a bit clder utside than inside.
C．The binculars can be used free f charge.
D．Visitrs can enjy the view f NYC utdrs.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文中的“86th Flr Observatry(indr and utdr)”可知，该看台可以让游客在室内外观景，故选D。
7．Hw much shuld a cuple pay if they want t visit the building with shrter waiting?
A．$76. B．$64.
C．$130. D．$103.
答案 C
解析 数字计算题。根据文中的“Express Pass—$65 all visitrs ages 6＋”可知，如果想立刻参观帝国大厦，需要购买直通票(express ticket)，每个人的费用是65美元，a cuple就是130美元。故选C。
强化练(一) 细节理解题(1)
A
Lking fr a cl new bk this seasn？TFK Kid Reprters read and reviewed sme f the best bks f the year.
Yusuf Azeem is Nt a Her
Yusuf Azeem is hping t have a great first year in middle schl.Standing in his way are the hate ntes left in his lcker and his struggle t find his place in a new cmmunity.Yusuf Azeem Is Nt a Her，by Saadia Faruqi，will appeal t readers wh like stries abut everyday kids vercming challenges and finding inner strength.
Black By Jy
The shrt stries in Black By Jy，edited by Kwame Mbalia，celebrate the pleasures f Black childhd.There are als stries abut victries，cmpetitins，and getting dressed fr their first day f schl.Mst are shrt，with simple plts.Peple wh enjy bite-size stries f happiness will like this cllectin.
Paradise n Fire
In Paradise n Fire，by Jewell Parker Rhdes，Addy is a shy，15-year-ld girl wh escaped frm an apartment fire that killed her parents.When a fire breaks ut at the wilderness camp，Addy knws what t d.Will Addy be able t lead her fellw campers t safety？Readers will lve the mix f suspense，actin，and emtin in this bk.
Chunky
Chunky was written by Yehudi Mercad.In the bk，Hudi tries sprts，which，hwever，take him away frm what he’s truly passinate abut：cmedy.His imaginary friend，Chunky，appears thrughut the stry t help Hudi achieve his dreams.Chunky is a great bk fr kids wh want t read abut friendship，family，and try t find where they might fit in.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本儿童书的情况，包括作者、故事梗概等。)
1．Which f the fllwing tells abut happy childhd?
A．Yusuf Azeem is Nt a Her.
B．Black By Jy.
C．Paradise n Fire.
D．Chunky.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Black By Jy部分中的第一句可知，Black By Jy讲述了快乐的童年。故选B。
2．What is the bk by Jewell Parker Rhdes abut?
A．A girl trying t escape frm danger.
B．A by suffering at schl.
C．A by participating in a summer camp.
D．A girl taking an interest in cmedy.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Jewell Parker Rhdes写的书是关于一个试图逃离危险的女孩的故事。故选A。
3．Wh is Chunky in the bk?
A．A cmedian. B．Hudi’s classmate.
C．A shy by. D．An unreal friend.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，书中的Chunky是一个虚构的朋友。imaginary和unreal同义，故选D。
B
Despite Kyle Tianshi being nly a 15-year-ld US high schler，he has published five sci-fi nvels.His fifth bk Eventide was released in July.Hwever，this may nt be his mst impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Her Award”，a $20，000 grand prize.It is the tp hnr in the Califrnia Yuth Sustainability Awards.The cmpetitin aims t encurage and supprt yung cmmunity leaders wh are making a difference fr sustainability in their cmmunities by taking actin fr the planet.
Kyle，a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US，received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID.The device can detect micrscpic particles(粒子) in water by using a laser and micrscpe.These particles can be harmful t peple and the envirnment.
Kyle came up with the idea fr the inventin based n his experience grwing up in San Dieg，Califrnia，US.Peple had n access t unplluted drinking water and his parents asked him nt t drink tap water.Kyle spent abut $60 buying the tls needed t analyze the tap water：a laser，a micrscpe and a micr-cmputer.“It’s incredibly pwerful fr the price，”Kyle said.Then he used their family’s garage as his labratry，ding research n the pllutin f drinking water caused by micr-plastics.
Kyle hpes t bring t market a lw-cst alternative tl fr detecting micr-plastic pllutin levels in drinking water.In this way，he can ffer help t peple wh dn’t have access t water filtratin(过滤) systems.He has applied fr a patent.
Kyle said his sister Emily，a freshman at Stanfrd University，inspired his interest in envirnmental research.She was recgnized natinally fr develping a water cllectin device.They have funded the Clearwater Innvatin prgram t advcate fr clean water thrugh scial media platfrms and rganize cmmunity cleanup events.
4．What d we knw abut Kyle?
A．He is gd at adapting sci-fi wrks.
B．He entered many nvel cntests.
C．He received an award fr his inventin.
D．He’s fund micrscpic particles in water.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C。
5．What led t Kyle’s creatin f NEREID?
A．Peple’s lack f clean drinking water.
B．Peple’s pr living cnditins.
C．His desire t be a cmmunity leader.
D．His family’s encuragement.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A。
6．Which f the fllwing best describes Kyle?
A．Cnsiderate and brave.
B．Optimistic and hnest.
C．Determined and humrus.
D．Respnsible and creative.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句及文章最后一句可知，Kyle发明了NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他既有责任心又有创意，故选D。
7．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．The intrductin t NEREID.
B．A by’s cntributin t literature.
C．The harm f plluted water.
D．A US schler’s water slutin.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段第一句可知，文章主要讲述15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了能够检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D。
C
The glbal ppulatin grwing，the climate is warming，and，n surprise，the demand fr energy is steadily increasing.We need t use less energy in any way that we can.
German design student Tbias Tribenbacher，frm the University f the Arts Berlin，has created a street light called Papili in respnse t glbal sustainability initiatives，saying that he initially chse t create a city-facing street light due t such lights’ rle in tight pllutin.
Papili can be munted t walls r set up as a freestanding lantern.The lamp shuld ideally be placed between three t six metres abve grund，where grund-level winds are the strngest.The lamp is shaped like a pinwheel that acts as a wind turbine(涡轮)，catching the wind t prduce its wn energy.It als has a rechargeable battery that stres electricity，s the lamp can perate even n less windy days.
Anther key cmpnent f the lamp is the light itself.The warm-clred light desn’t draw the attentin f insects，and it uses an infrared(红外线的) sensr s that the light is nly started by nearby mtin，reducing its cntributin t light pllutin.
Aside frm saving public space and beautifying streets，the street light’s design is als a visual signal f clean energy in actin.“Design nt nly determines hw street lights are wrking.It can als shape ur attitude twards them and cnsequently affect hw we use them，”Tbias Tribenbacher says.“Because energy creatin is ften an invisible prcess，prjects such as these help the prductin f electricity becme cmprehensible.”
The lamp’s ability t change wind pwer int electricity can als be a huge benefit t naturally windy areas.And since it desn’t require any electrical infrastructure(基础设施)，there will be an pprtunity t fix the street lights in remte settings r places where infrastructure innvatins can be cst-prhibitive.
Just as lanterns create the character f streets and squares，Papili is envisined as a public sustainability statement that mtivates residents t take part in transfrming ur cities int climate-friendly，future-prf envirnments.
8．Why did Tribenbacher chse t create the street light?
A．T tackle light pllutin.
B．T reduce bidiversity lss.
C．T beautify the city he lives in.
D．T draw public attentin t waste.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段以及第四段第二句可知，这款路灯最初设计的目的就是用来应对光污染问题。故选A。
9．Which f the fllwing is the feature f the street light?
A．It ccupies a large space.
B．It can be fixed anywhere.
C．It is switched ff by hand.
D．It is unattractive t insects.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，这款路灯不会吸引小昆虫。故选D。
10．What d Tribenbacher’s wrds in paragraph 5 imply?
A．The climate crisis is tugh t address.
B．Design can facilitate ur cmprehensin.
C．We must take actin t save clean energy.
D．We knw little abut electricity generatin.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Design nt nly determines hw street prductin f electricity becme cmprehensible.”可推断出，这样的设计可以促进我们对于能源生产的理解。故选B。
11．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T stress the imprtance f innvatin.
B．T intrduce a wind-pwered street light.
C．T advcate envirnmental sustainability.
D．T analyze the sustainability f the street light.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段以及下文对这款路灯的作用、工作原理的介绍可知，本篇文章主要的目的是介绍一款风能路灯。故选B。
强化练(二) 细节理解题(2)
A
Drive Thru Histry® Adventures
Drive Thru Histry，whether as a curse，guide，r episdic lessn，tries t make histrical infrmatin fun.Dave Sttts ges the extra literal mile t bring histry t viewers in cntext by traveling t the lcatins he’s discussing.This is where the “adventure” subtitle cmes frm.The curses have snwballed in ppularity due t the quality f the material as well as the humr and inventiveness f the hst.
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Ways t jin the Adventure
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·Jin ur All-Access membership
If yu like what yu bught，yu can buy the All-Access pass.This pass gives yu the ability t view all the released curses by paying an annual fee.All-Access cmes in at $ yu’re subscribed，yur subscriptin will autmatically renew t keep yu up-t-date n the latest Drive Thru Histry® cntent!
Whether yu buy a single curse r the All-Access pass，yu get the same basic features.These bnuses will help yu make yur histry lessns cme alive.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了Drive Thru Histry® Adventures的相关信息。)
1．Hw des Dave Sttts make the curses fun?
A．By sharing histry n lcatin.
B．By revising histrical materials.
C．By presenting hi-tech inventins.
D．By rganizing adventure activities.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ t make histrical infrmatin fun.Dave Sttts ges the extra literal mile t bring histry t viewers in cntext by traveling t the lcatins he’s discussing.”可知，为了让课程有趣，Dave Sttts去了他所讨论的内容发生的地方，即历史发生地。故选A。
2．What will yu get after yu buy the curses?
A．Tur guides.
B．Vide streaming.
C．Articles frm students.
D．Interactin with the hst.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据 Buy a single Drive Thru Histry® Curse部分的内容可知，购买课程之后可以获得终身观看视频的权利。故选B。
3．What des an All-Access membership ffer?
A．A discunted annual fee.
B．Additinal histry lessns.
C．Updates n the latest cntent.
D．Limited access t sme curses.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Jin ur All-Access membership部分中的“Once yu’re subscribed，yur subscriptin will autmatically renew t keep yu up-t-date n the latest Drive Thru Histry® cntent！”可知，拥有All-Access之后，会员可以看到更新的最新内容。故选C。
B
There are few places n Earth that humans haven’t messed up.Nw even Antarctica，the nly cntinent with n permanent human inhabitants，is being altered by us.A study fund that the increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing mre snwmelt—bad news fr a frzen wrld already battling the effects f human-caused glbal warming.
Black carbn，the dark dusty pllutin that cmes frm burning fssil fuels has settled in lcatins where turists and researchers spend a lt f time，scientists fund.Even the smallest amunt f the dark pllutant can have a significant impact n melting because f its very lw reflectiveness：things that are light in clr，like snw，reflect the sun’s energy and stay cl；things that are dark，like black carbn，absrb the sun’s energy and warm up.
“The snw albed(反射率) effect is ne f the largest uncertainties in reginal and glbal climate mdeling right nw，”Alia Khan，a snw and ice scientist at Western Washingtn University，tld CNN.“That’s ne f the mtivatins fr the study，t quantify the impact f black carbn n reginal snwmelt，which is imprtant fr quantifying the rle f black carbn in the glbal lss f snw and ice.”
“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year.But，if it weren’t there，in the state that it is meant t be，the balance that we have in the climate system will n lnger be，”Marilyn Raphael，a gegraphy prfessr said.“Antarctica’s sea ice is als imprtant t maintain a balance in atmspheric circulatin，”he added.As waters get warmer，sme Antarctic creatures are finding their hmes mre and mre unlivable.
“Everything we d has cnsequences，”Raphael said.“We need t educate urselves abut thse cnsequences，especially in systems that we knw relatively little abut.We have t be careful that we dn’t upset the climate balance.”
4．Why can the smallest amunt f black carbn have a huge impact n melting?
A．It is highly reflective.
B．Its dark clur absrbs heat.
C．It prduces vast energy.
D．It causes much pllutin.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，由于能够吸收热量，黑碳对融化会产生巨大的影响。故选B。
5．Accrding t Alia，which f the fllwing is ne reasn fr cnducting the study?
A．T measure the impact f black carbn n melting.
B．T quantify the cst f battling against climate change.
C．T remve the uncertainties f glbal warming effects.
D．T urge peple t pay mre attentin t melting prblem.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在研究过程中，量化黑碳对融雪的影响是十分重要的。故选A。
6．What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A．The change caused by Antarctic ice melting.
B．The methds t stp Antarctic ice melting.
C．The significance f Antarctic being in its state.
D．The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，本段主要讲述了南极洲保持其原来状态的重要性。故选C。
7．What des Raphael advise peple t d?
A．Reduce turist numbers.
B．Face the cnsequences.
C．Acquire prfessinal educatin.
D．Stp disturbing the climate.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Raphael建议我们停止扰乱气候，不要破坏气候的平衡。故选D。
C
Ever wndered if dgs can learn new wrds？Yes，say researchers as they have fund that talented dgs may have the ability t grasp new wrds after hearing them nly fur times.
While previus evidence seems t shw that mst dgs d nt learn wrds，unless eventually very well trained，a few individuals have shwn sme extrardinary abilities，accrding t a study published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts.
“We wanted t knw under which cnditins the gifted dgs may learn nvel wrds，” said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza frm the Eötvös Lrnd University in Hungary.Fr the study，the team invlved tw gifted dgs，Whisky and Vicky Nina.The team expsed the dgs t the new wrds in tw different cnditins.
In the exclusin-based task，presented with seven knwn tys and ne new ty，the dgs were able t select the new ty when presented with a new name.Researchers say this prves that dgs can chse by exclusin when faced with a new wrd，they selected the nly ty which did nt have a knwn name.
Hwever，this was nt the way they wuld learn the name f the ty.In fact，when they were presented with ne mre equally new name t test their ability t recgnize the ty by its name，the dgs gt ttally cnfused and failed.
The ther cnditin，the scial ne，where the dgs played with their wners wh prnunced the name f the ty while playing with the dg，prved t be the successful way t learn the name f the ty，even after hearing it nly 4 times.“The rapid learning that we bserved seems t equal children’s ability t learn many new wrds at a fast rate arund the age f 18 mnths，”Fugazza says.“But we d nt knw whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same fr humans and dgs.”
T test whether mst dgs wuld learn wrds this way，20 ther dgs were tested in the same cnditin，but nne f them shwed any evidence f learning the ty names，cnfirming that the ability t learn wrds rapidly in the absence f frmal training is very rare and is nly present in a few gifted dgs.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文，介绍了有天赋的狗狗通过训练能够学习新的单词。)
8．What was the purpse f the study published in Scientific Reprts?
A．T better train dgs’ ability t learn new wrds.
B．T further cnfirm previus evidence abut dgs.
C．T prve extrardinary memry abilities f gifted dgs.
D．T explre favrable cnditins fr gifted dgs’ new-wrd learning.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We wanted t knw under which the Eötvös Lrnd University in Hungary.”可知，研究的目的是想探索有天赋的狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。故选D。
9．Hw did the dgs react when expsed t tw new names in the first cnditin?
A．Slw t understand.
B．Quick t learn.
C．At a lss.
D．In a panic.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，在第一种情况下狗非常困惑。故选C。
10．What was fund abut dgs’ new-wrd learning in the scial cnditin?
A．Learning thrugh playing applied t mst dgs.
B．The scial cnditin helped dgs learn new wrds.
C．Dgs’ new-wrd learning turned ut t be less effective.
D．Dgs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可推出，社会性条件可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。故选B。
11．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Gifted Dgs Can Learn New Wrds Rapidly
B．Dgs Identify Newly-named Tys by Exclusin
C．Dgs Can Acquire Vcabulary thrugh Tns f Training
D．Gifted Dgs Have Similar Learning Abilities t Humans
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段以及倒数第二段第一句可知，本篇文章主要讲述的是有天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。
强化练(三) 细节理解题(3)
A
(2022·河南濮阳一模)
Here’s a lk at ur fur favrite state parks in Clrad，and what t d at each ne.
Eleven Mile State Park
Eleven Mile State Park is abut 40 miles west f Clrad Springs.The highlight here is a huge reservir(水库) and nearby wetlands that are a huge draw t baters，fishers，paddlers，and windsurfers.While yu can’t g swimming，yu can g sailing r kayaking.Even in winter，Eleven Mile is big fr fishing.It hsts an annual，statewide ice fishing turnament.
Rxbrugh State Park
Rxbrugh State Park is where t g fr the natural unique scenery.The park is hme t 300-millin-year-ld red sandstne frmatins.They appear frm the earth at a shcking 60-degree angle that makes yu wnder hw they dn’t fall dwn.With dramatic gelgical masterpieces，it is n surprise that this is ne f Clrad’s fficial Natinal Natural Landmarks.
State Frest State Park
If yu want t spt a mse(驼鹿) (safely，frm a distance)，explre the 71,000-acre State Frest State Park in the small twn f Walden.The State Frest State Park is Clrad’s mse capital，hme t mre than 600 f the big guys.Mse aren’t the nly attractin in this large，adventure-filled park.It’s als hme t black bears and elk(麋鹿)．It has lakes and lts f trails(abut 90 miles f hiking trails，plus mre fr biking)，and t tp it all ff，there are sand dunes here.
Eldrad Canyn State Park
Eldrad Canyn is a super ppular rck-climbing destinatin just utside f the city f Bulder.This muntainus state park features 1,000 different technical climbing rutes.It’s well knwn in the climbing cmmunity.The rutes are accessible t all levels and pen during daylight.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了科罗拉多州四个最受欢迎的州立公园。)
1．Which is the mst well-knwn in Eleven Mile State Park in winter?
A．Bating. B．Swimming.
C．Fishing. D．Paddling.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Eleven Mile State Park部分中“Even in winter，Eleven Mile is big fr fishing.It hsts an annual，statewide ice fishing turnament.”可知，在冬季，钓鱼是Eleven Mile State Park最有名的活动。故选C。
2．Wh are mst likely t g t State Frest State Park?
A．Gelgists.
B．Animal lvers.
C．Windsurfers.
D．Muntain climbers.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据State Frest State Park部分中“Mse aren’t the nly bears and elk(麋鹿)．”可知，State Frest State Park中有很多动物。由此可推断，动物爱好者最有可能去这里。故选B。
3．Which park is a great place fr rck climbing?
A．State Frest State Park.
B．Eleven Mile State Park.
C．Rxbrugh State Park.
D．Eldrad Canyn State Park.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Eldrad Canyn State Park部分中“Eldrad Canyn is a super ppular rck-climbing the climbing cmmunity.”可知，Eldrad Canyn State Park是攀岩的好地方。故选D。
B
Frm crystal-blue lakes t snw-capped muntains and thusand-year-ld trees，Canada’s nature is admired arund the wrld.Nw it might als be just what the dctr rdered.An ambitius new prgramme allws dctrs t write prescriptins(处方) fr free annual passes t Canada’s natinal parks，encuraging their patients t imprve their health—bth mental and physical—by taking a strll in nature.
The prescriptins are prvided by PaRX，in partnership with Parks Canada.The first passes were handed ut last mnth，giving hlders access t mre than 80 natinal parks，histric sites and nature reserves.PaRX，a health initiative(倡议) launched in 2019 by the British Clumbia Parks Fundatin，ntes n its website that spending time in nature can lead t lnger lives，increased energy，reduced stress and anxiety，imprved heart health，less pain and better md.Vitamin D frm the sun’s rays has prven health benefits.The rganizatin als hpes that the prescriptins will bst investment in cnservatin in Canada.
The initial prvisin cvers fur Canadian prvinces：British Clumbia，Saskatchewan，Ontari and Manitba.Participating dctrs have nly 100 annual passes t hand ut fr nw，but PaRX hpes that the prgramme will be expanded.
“Medical research nw clearly shws the psitive health benefits f cnnecting with nature，” Steven Guilbeault，the envirnment minister，said.“I am cnfident this prgramme will quickly shw its enrmus value t the well-being f patients as it cntinues t expand thrughut the cuntry.”
Canada’s physicians are already in the habit f prescribing “nature therapy” as a treatment fr anxiety，depressin，high bld pressure，immune functin and insmnia(失眠)．Previusly，thugh，they wuld write mre general prescriptins，such as spending time in nature twice a week，fr at least 20 minutes at a time.This is the first time that they have been able t equip their patients with tickets.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项健康倡议计划——自然疗法。)
4．Why des the authr mentin Canada’s nature in paragraph 1?
A．T recmmend dctrs’ prescriptins.
B．T advertise Canada’s natural scenery.
C．T intrduce a health initiative prgram.
D．T demnstrate health benefits f nature.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，作者在第一段中提到了加拿大的自然风光，目的是介绍一项健康倡议计划。故选C。
5．What makes the prescriptins significant?
A．A bm in park visiting.
B．A rise in ecnmy.
C．Investment in cnservatin.
D．Imprvement in health.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，健康状况的改善使该处方意义重大。故选D。
6．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Patients dubt the general prescriptins.
B．The previus “nature therapy” is ppular.
C．It is a traditin t ffer patients park tickets.
D．“Nature therapy” is n lnger just n paper.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，自然疗法已经用于临床当中，不再只是纸上谈心。故选D。
7．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Nature Heals Mental Diseases
B．Canada Pssesses Admirable Nature
C．Dctrs Order a Walk in the Wilderness
D．Canadian Dctrs Have Free Access t Parks
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段第三句和最后一段第一句可知，文章主要讲述的是大自然对健康状况的改善有很大的意义。C选项(医生建议在大自然中散步)符合题意，故选C。
C
(2022·福建百校联合测评)
Sme events have been added t the 2024 Olympics，with surfing，breakdancing and sprt climbing amng the recent additins.With them cme a grup f terms that are freign t the French language.Fr sme French-language purists，it’s t much t bear t rely n English t praise surfers n their “nseriding”—standing n the frnt f the bard.They’ve decided they need a French slutin.
The French gvernment has created a team f language experts devted t prmting the natinal language.They will meet peridically ver the next cuple f years t identify and define new sprts terms.The French battle against the influence f ther languages isn’t new.In 1994，the Tubn law was passed，frcing the use f French in all gvernment publicatins，cntracts and advertisements.Yet it cntained several lphles，which allw brands and cmpanies t extensively use English.As a result，Anglicisms are becming mre bvius.
Julie Neveux，prfessr f linguistics at Srbnne University in Paris，said Anglicisms are “smetimes estimated at just under 5% f the present vcabulary，but they are disturbing because they shw that we fllw an ecnmic and cultural mdel ther than ur wn”．They are particularly present in sprts cmpetitins and events，during which athletes frm arund the wrld are used t cmmunicating in English.“Sprt was ne f the first areas t be glbalized，”said sprts histrian Michael Attali.“This phenmenn has strengthened English as the fficial language.”
Despite their best effrts，n cmmittee has successfully prevented English frm infiltrating everyday language.By the time French fficials agreed n a translatin and its definitin，the English versin has already spread thrughut the natin.“Similar cmmittees have been put in place in the past，but nthing has changed s far，”said Attali.
“There are far fewer Anglicisms in French than there are French wrds in English，”said Neveux.Adding these exchanges shuld nt be seen as a threat.“All living languages exist by brrwing frm each ther.Languages nly exist thanks t their impurity.”
8．What will a team f language experts d?
A．Prmte the spread f French in the wrld.
B．Decide upn sme new sprts terms.
C．Bring English and French tgether.
D．Make French much purer.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，一群语言专家会确定一些新的体育术语。故选B。
9．What des the underlined wrd “they” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Anglicisms.
B．English wrds.
C．French wrds.
D．Newly created wrds.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，巴黎索邦大学的语言学教授Julie Neveux说，Anglicisms “有时估计在现有词汇中只占不到5%，但它们令人不安，因为Anglicisms表明，我们遵循的是一种除了我们自己的模式以外的经济和文化模式”。故they指的是“Anglicisms”，故选A。
10．What’s the result f previus effrts t stp English frm infiltrating French?
A．Unimprtant. B．Successful.
C．Fruitless. D．Unmentined.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，以前阻止英语渗透到法语的努力结果是徒劳的。故选C。
11．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．English is mre ppular than French.
B．All languages shuld be preserved.
C．The exchanges between tw languages can be avided.
D．Neveux is psitive abut the impurity f language.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，Neveux对语言的不纯性持肯定态度。故选D。年份
卷别
体裁
题目类型
命题专家谈高考
细节理解
推理判断
词句猜测
主旨大意
2022
全国乙卷
应用文·夹叙夹议文
说明文·说明文
7
6
1
1
1.文章题材丰富
英语试卷中所有语篇都围绕“人与自我”“人与社会”以及“人与自然”三大主题语境，题材涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等。
2.短文体裁广泛
短文体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文和新闻报道等。
3.题型分布不均
近3年全国卷高考阅读理解以突出考查考生理解和运用语言解决问题的基本能力。以考查细节理解、推理判断为主，以考查词句猜测、主旨大意为辅。
4.语篇特点鲜明
(1)原汁原味：高考语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，新材料尽量原汁原味。
(2)词汇量大：高考语篇词汇量丰富，含有大量的派生词、词性转换词、熟词生义词以及英语短语和习语。
(3)长难句多：高考语篇含有大量的长句和难句，句子结构复杂。
全国甲卷
应用文·说明文
记叙文·夹叙夹议文
9
2
1
3
新高考
全国Ⅰ卷
应用文·说明文
说明文·说明文
6
7
1
1
2021
全国乙卷
应用文·说明文
记叙文·说明文
7
5
1
2
全国甲卷
说明文·说明文
记叙文·议论文
6
6
1
2
新高考
全国Ⅰ卷
应用文·记叙文
说明文·议论文
9
3
1
2
2020
全国Ⅰ卷
应用文·夹叙夹议文
说明文·说明文
7
5
1
2
全国Ⅱ卷
应用文·说明文
说明文·记叙文
10
1
2
2
全国Ⅲ卷
应用文·记叙文
说明文·说明文
8
3
1
3
新高考
全国Ⅰ卷
应用文·记叙文
说明文·说明文
6
5
2
2
语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了帝国大厦Empire State Building以及参观大厦时的相关注意事项。
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了能够检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的路灯，这款路灯是由风能转化为电能，因此可以减少能源使用，从而减少对环境的污染。
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