新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第2 题型突破推理判断题 (含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第2 题型突破推理判断题 (含解析)，共26页。
第2讲　题型突破——推理判断题

推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的逻辑推理能力。它所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。根据近几年高考真题来看，推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度为高频考点，而推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象为低频考点。
选项特征


技法一　隐含推断题
——关键词句细推敲
隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。
设问方式
1．What can we infer from...？/What can be inferred about...?
2．What can we learn about...？/What do we know about...?
3．Which of the following best describes...?
解此类试题常用“推敲关键词句”法。解题流程如下：


(2022·全国甲·D片段)
Everywhere in Sydney these days，change and progress are the watchwords(口号)，and traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s official historian，told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much of its past，including many of its finest buildings.“Sydney is confused about itself，” she said.“We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving(解决)．”
On the other hand，being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack culture in this country，” he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians，when they came to Australia，brought 2，000 years of their culture，the Greeks some 3，000 years，and the Chinese more still.We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right，but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
34．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A．It is losing its traditions.
B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population.
D．It is becoming more international.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。依据题干定位细节，即上文第一段中的“...traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s official historian，told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much of its past，including many of its finest buildings.”，揣摩此细节可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
35．Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。依据题干定位细节，即上文第二段中的“On the other hand，being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.”和最后一段中的“He is right”，揣摩此细节可知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。
技法二　观点态度题
　　　——“忠于措辞”定选项
所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。
设问方式
1．Why did the author like to...？/What does the author think of...？/Why does the author mention...?
2．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to...？/Which of the following best describes...?
3．What is the author’s attitude to...?
解此类试题常用“忠于措辞”法。解题流程如下：



(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段)
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support，the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers，educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
34．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。本段含有beneficial，positive，helped等褒义措辞，由此可推知，作者对情商普及化是支持的。故选A。
技法三　写作意图题
——文体特点推意图
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
设问方式
1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：
(1)The author writes this passage in order to ________.
(2)The purpose of the text is to ________.
(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?
(4)The author of the story wants/intends to tell us that ________.
2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：
(1)The author uses...in the first paragraph to ________.
(2)The author uses the example of...to ____________________________________________.
(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________.
(4)In writing paragraph 1，the author aims to ________.
解此类试题常用“文体特点推意图”法。解题流程如下：



(2020·天津·D片段)
After years of observing human nature，I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance：curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.
Together，these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo，all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent，“Why? Why? Why？”
Fortunately，curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man，”said Mencius(孟子)，“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner，to avoid foolish leaps into the dark，to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people，and new ideas，with hesitation.But once having met and liked them，we think how terrible it would have been，had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start？Modestly，so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.Now she is one of the experts，writing books on flower arrangement.
...
However you start，remember there is no better time to start than right now，for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
51．In writing paragraph 1，the author aims to ________.
A．propose a definition
B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion
D．present an argument
答案　D
解析　写作意图题。本文是一篇议论文，按照“文体特点推意图”法，此篇议论文开篇明义，阐述了作者对成功人士必备品质的看法，下面各段都是围绕着这一看法展开的，故选D项“提出论点”。
技法四　文章出处题/读者对象题
——内容细节巧判断
文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。
设问方式
1．Where can the text be found?
2．Where is this text most likely from?
3．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
4．Who may the text be intended for?
5．Who is the passage mainly written for?
6．Who are the most possible readers of the passage?
解此类试题常用“内容细节巧判断”法。解题流程如下：



(2021·全国甲·A片段)
Take a view，the Landscape(风景) Photographer of the Year Award，was the idea of Charlie Waite，one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.Each year，the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria，England
...
Timothy Smith(2014)
Macclesfield Forest
Cheshire，England
...

23.Where can the text be found?
A．In a history book. B．In a novel.
C．In an art magazine. D．In a biography.
答案　C
解析　文章出处题。依内容判出处，本文主要介绍了“Take a view”年度风景摄影师大赛的背景以及2011年和2014年的获奖作品信息，结合选项可知，这类文章应该出自艺术杂志。故选C。



A
Have you ever spent half an hour searching the Internet which，as you find out afterwards，lasted three hours，or opened a book shortly after breakfast and a little while later noticed that the room was getting darker?
Most people can remember experiencing such a state.Your mind wasn’t wandering；you were totally focused and concentrated on that activity，to such an extent that you were not even aware of yourself.Psychologists call these fully absorbing experiences flow states，which were discovered and named by a world-famous psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.His celebrated book Flow：The Psychology of Happiness became an instant best-seller，making its way to the top self-help classics.
The state of flow happens under very specific conditions—when we encounter a challenge that is testing for our skills，and yet our skills and capacities are such that it is just about possible to meet this challenge.So both the challenge and the skills are at high levels，stretching us almost to the limit.If challenges exceed skills，one can become anxious.If skills exceed challenges，we usually become bored.Neither of these two cases result in flow.
What is also interesting in flow is the almost total absence of emotions during the actual process.One seems to be almost beyond experiencing emotions，most likely because the awareness of self is not present.Mihaly himself is also very much aware of the potential negative impact of the flow.One philosopher once describes his own experience of flow：“When I get totally involved in the conversation，I am not aware of myself，the world around or the passage of time.Sometimes，I may become addicted to that existence，unwilling to cope with other daily routines of life，like forgetting dinner，and saying goodbye to my children.”

1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To offer a general background of the topic.
B．To make an overall outline for the passage.
C．To introduce the topic of the passage.
D．To clarify the definition of the topic.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。根据第一段内容和后文内容可推知，第一段的目的是为了引出“心流状态”这一文章主题。故选C。
2．In which of the following experiences can we enter “flow state”？
A．Adopting a dog.
B．Watching TV.
C．Playing chess.
D．Arguing with others.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可推知，四个选项中只有“下棋”可以考验我们的技能，而我们的能力也可以应对这个挑战，能让我们进入“心流状态”。故选C。
3．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．The state of flow is little conditional.
B．Geniuses at normal schools often get bored.
C．Challenges at high levels push us to the limit.
D．Skills play the most important part in flow.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句可推知，天才属于技能超过了挑战，所以在普通学校经常感到无聊。故选B。
4．Why does the writer quote the philosopher’s words?
A．To show the drawbacks of the flow.
B．To stress the value of self-awareness.
C．To underline the absence of emotions.
D．To indicate the difficulty of enjoying the flow.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mihaly himself is also very much aware of the potential negative impact...saying goodbye to my children.”可推知，作者引用哲学家的话是为了表明“心流状态”的缺点。故选A。
B
(2022·河南许平汝联盟模拟)
The South Pole has been warming at more than three times the global average over the past 30 years，according to research led by Ohio University professor Ryan Fogt，and Kyle Clem，who is a current postdoctoral research fellow in climate science.According to the study，this warming period was mainly driven by natural tropical(热带的) climate variability and was most likely strengthened by increases in greenhouse gases.
Clem and his team analyzed weather station data at the South Pole，as well as climate models to examine the warming in the Antarctic interior(内陆)．They found that between 1989 and 2018，the South Pole had warmed by about 1.8℃ over the past 30 years at a rate of ＋0.6℃ per decade—three times the global average.
The study also found that the strong warming over the Antarctic interior in the last 30 years was mainly driven by the tropics，especially warm ocean temperatures in the western tropical Pacific Ocean that changed the winds in the South Atlantic near Antarctica and increased the delivery of warm air to the South Pole.They suggest these atmospheric changes along Antarctica’s coast are an important mechanism driving climate anomalies(异常事物) in its interior.
Clem and Fogt argue that these warming trends were unlikely the result of natural climate change alone，stressing the effects of added warming related to human activities on top of the large tropical climate signal on Antarctic climate have worked together to make this one of the strongest warming trends worldwide.
“From the very beginning，Kyle and I worked very well together and were able to accomplish more as a team than we were individually，”Fogt said.“We have published every year together since 2013，with one of our continuing collaborations being the annual State of the Climate reports.Our work on this project together each year ultimately led to this publication documenting the warming at the South Pole.However，most importantly for my family and me，apart from being a fantastic scientist and collaborator，Kyle is also considered as one of our closest friends.”

5．What is the major cause of the South Pole’s warming according to the research?
A．The weather station.
B．Lack of winds.
C．Increases of greenhouse gases.
D．Natural tropical climate change.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，研究发现南极气温异常升高主要是因为热带地区的气候变化。故选D。
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The tropical climate signals in the Antarctic interior.
B．The effect of human activities on the warming trends.
C．The detailed explanation for the South Pole’s warming.
D．The unpleasant consequences of natural climate change.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，太平洋西部热带地区海洋温度升高改变了靠近南极洲的南大西洋风向，进而向南极输送了更多温暖的气流，由此造成了南极变暖。因此可知，本段主要是对南极变暖的详细说明。故选C。
7．Which of the following does Fogt most probably agree on?
A．Cooperation is valued in scientific research.
B．Getting science paper published is difficult.
C．Friendship is more important than science.
D．Family support plays a key role in science.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“From the very beginning，Kyle and I worked...documenting the warming at the South Pole.”可知，Fogt和好友的研究成果的取得离不开他们的合作。由此可知，Fogt非常看重科学研究中的合作。故选A。
8．From which is the text most probably taken?
A．A chemistry textbook.
B．A science magazine.
C．A travel brochure.
D．A science novel.
答案　B
解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了南极地区气温异常增高及其成因，这属于科学研究的范畴。因此，本文最有可能出自“科学杂志”。故选B。
强化练(四)　推理判断题(1)
A
Have you ever noticed that some people can eat what they want and stay in shape，while others carefully watch what they eat and still put on weight？How frustrating! However，scientists are beginning to believe that some people get the ability to stay thin from their parents.
Scientists say that when some people eat，their bodies will naturally store the excess energy from food as fat.These people gain weight if they eat more than they need each day.Meanwhile，other people eat more than they need but their bodies are able to “burn off ” the extra food without making fat，so they rarely have weight problems.
To show that this is true，scientists have experimented on laboratory mice.They gave the mice a special diet with a lot of fat.Some mice gained weight while the other mice stayed thin，even though both groups of mice ate the same amount of food and got the same amount of exercise.Scientists concluded that weight gain seemed to be influenced by genetic factors.They also believe they have now identified the genes that may cause this tendency.These genes，according to the scientists，get passed down the generations.Armed with this knowledge，they believe it may be possible to develop medicines that can target the genes and stop people from gaining weight.
The study of weight gain is becoming more important as the number of people who are overweight continues to grow.In the United States，over seventy percent of the population have weight problems.This means they are at risk of illnesses such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
Current medicines for weight control do not work very well because they can have serious side effects，such as heart problems.However，it takes a long time to develop and thoroughly test new drugs.Therefore，despite this breakthrough in the study of weight-loss drugs，scientists and health professionals all agree that currently the best way to control weight gain is to have a healthy，balanced diet and an active lifestyle with daily exercise.This will not only help people avoid becoming overweight，but also help them stay healthy and energetic.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家们通过实验研究了人们体重增长的原因并建议我们养成健康的生活方式。

1．According to the scientists，why do some people gain weight easily?
A．Because their genes cause the tendency.
B．Because their bodies do not make fat.
C．Because their bodies store energy from food as fat.
D．Because they eat more than they need each day.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句可知，体重增加是受到了遗传因素的影响。故推知有些人容易增加体重是因为他们的基因造成了这种趋势。故选A。
2．What do we know about the experiment?
A．They did the experiment to find the genes that stop people from gaining weight.
B．They did the experiment to find the reason why people gain weight.
C．They did the experiment to show the importance of healthy food.
D．They did the experiment to show the importance of regular exercise.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容和第三段首句可知，科学家们是为了寻找人们体重增加的原因，证明他们的判断是正确的，做了这个实验。故选B。
3．What may lead to high blood pressure according to the study?
A．The balanced diet. B．The weight problems.
C．The lack of exercise. D．The lack of drugs.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，体重问题会导致高血压。故选B。
4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph of the text?
A．To inform us of serious side effects of the weight-loss drugs.
B．To introduce a breakthrough of the weight-loss drugs.
C．To advise us to develop a healthy lifestyle.
D．To encourage us to develop and test new drugs.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科学家们认为均衡的饮食和积极的生活方式和日常锻炼是保持健康的最佳方式。由此推知，最后一段的目的是建议我们养成健康的生活方式。故选C。
B
(2022·安徽蚌埠三模)
Zhang Fan，36，a movie visual effects designer who returned to Beijing from New Zealand for work last year，was surprised by the improvement to the city’s air quality.“I remember the smell in the air and the frequent smoggy days before I left in 2013，after getting a job offer from a film company in New Zealand，”he said.Last year，a Chinese company offered Zhang a more promising position，so he returned，saying that he could find more opportunities in his line of work in Beijing than elsewhere.In addition to rapid economic development in the Chinese capital，he said the most impressive change is the local air quality.“People discussed air pollution a lot when I was in Beijing previously.Now，it seems that the topic has disappeared completely，as every day is good in terms of air quality，”Zhang said.“The sky in Beijing these days is so clear.”
On Jan.4，the municipal authorities in Beijing announced a comprehensive success in improving air quality，with the city’s annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the air falling to 33 micrograms per cubic meter，and ozone(臭氧) concentration dropping to 149 mcg per cubic meter last year.
Yu Jianhua，spokesman for the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau，said at a news conference，“This is a milestone for Beijing’s hard work in fighting air pollution and also means that the city has met its air quality target outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021－2025) ahead of schedule.Beijing has demonstrated to the world over the past 20 years that a mega city with a rapidly increasing GDP，vehicle count，population and energy consumption can move forward to cut air pollution effectively.The PM2.5 reduction over the past few years has surpassed that of developed countries during the same period.”
According to the Bureau，the city’s average concentration of PM2.5 dropped by 63 percent last year from 2013，an average annual reduction of about 8 percent.The city experienced 288 days of good air quality last year—up from 112 days in 2013—and just eight days of heavy air pollution.This achievement is clear to see and exciting，but it has not been easy work.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在政府有力的措施和百姓的努力下，北京近些年的空气质量有了极大改善。

5．Why did Zhang Fan return to Beijing?
A．He was tired of his life abroad.
B．He has a deep affection for the city.
C．The city’s air quality has improved.
D．A golden chance was offered to him.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Last year，a Chinese company offered Zhang a more promising position，so he returned...his line of work in Beijing than elsewhere.”可知，Zhang Fan得到了一个很好的工作机会，所以回到了北京。故选D。
6．How do the municipal authorities show the improvement in the city’s air quality?
A．By using examples.
B．By using figures.
C．By offering experimental findings.
D．By citing personal experience.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，市政府主要通过列数据的方式来展示空气质量的提升。故选B。
7．What does the underlined word “mega” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Huge. B．Rich.
C．Civilized. D．Noted.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“with a rapidly increasing GDP，vehicle count，population and energy consumption”可知，北京GDP增速快、汽车数量迅速上升，同时人口剧烈增长还伴随着大量的能源消耗，由此推知“mega”意指北京是一个超级大都市。故选A。
8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Business. B．Fashion.
C．Environment. D．Entertainment.
答案　C
解析　文章出处题。第一段通过具体的事例来引入本文的主题——北京的空气质量；第二段政府宣布空气质量改善取得成功；以及第二三四段通过数据表明了北京的空气质量改善的情况。综上可知，本篇文章可能出现在报纸的环境栏目。故选C。
C
(2022·河南安阳重点高中模拟)
You might have ever noticed how some people can effortlessly talk to anyone they meet，no matter how different their backgrounds are.Or you may have seen that one person who always offends someone，no matter what the topic of conversation is.These two situations describe how we can differ in our abilities to interact，get along with，and relate to others around us.In the same way that we vary in traditional academic competencies，we can vary in how socially competent we are.After years of academic research and development，this social ability is now commonly referred to as “social intelligence”．
Social intelligence is the ability to understand other people，how they work，what motivates them，and how to work cooperatively with them.It is a relationship-based construct that centers on the way we understand others，interact with others，and present ourselves to others.As an example，you would not speak in the same way toward your 70-year-old mother as you would to your 16-year-old daughter.In our working lives，we come across different social groups including those from different countries，varying age groups and cultural identities.Being able to acknowledge and understand people’s different backgrounds is a key way to connect with them.
Our ability to navigate successfully through our lives relies heavily on our levels of social intelligence.It can affect the relationships we form with our partners and children，the friendship circles that we build，and our ability to progress in our careers and ambitions.Given the importance of social intelligence in multiple aspects of life，it is therefore in our best interest to better understand the concept of social intelligence and take the following ways to improve it.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“社交智力”这个概念以及人们在社交智力上是有差异的。

9．What is the first paragraph intended to show?
A．Academic research varies from person to person.
B．Creative competencies are crucial to one’s research.
C．There are differences in people’s social intelligence.
D．People’s social abilities depend on their backgrounds.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句可推知，本段主要展示了“社交智力”这个概念以及人们在社交智力上是有差异的。故选C。
10．Why does the author use the example of a 70-year-old mother and a 16-year-old daughter?
A．To sincerely present a fact.
B．To further clarify a concept.
C．To clearly show an attitude.
D．To finally draw a conclusion.
答案　B
解析　写作意图题。根据第二段第一、二句话可推知，本段在介绍“社交智力”这个概念，所以后面举70岁母亲和16岁女儿的例子是为了进一步阐述这个概念。故选B。
11．What do we know from the third paragraph?
A．Our relationship circles should be enlarged.
B．Better understanding a concept is important.
C．It is really difficult to achieve one’s ambition.
D．Social intelligence has great effects on our lives.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，本段主要介绍了社交智力水平会影响人们与伴侣和孩子之间的关系、建立的友谊圈以及在事业和抱负上取得进步的能力。由此可知，我们可以了解到社交智力对我们的生活有很大影响。故选D。
12．What may be talked about following the last paragraph?
A．How to define social intelligence.
B．How to classify social intelligence.
C．How to improve social intelligence.
D．How to deal with social intelligence.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，因为社交智力对我们的生活很重要，人们应该采取以下的措施来提高它。由此推知，接下来的文章就要介绍如何提高社交智力。故选C。
强化练(五)　推理判断题(2)
A
On Monday，Xu Mengtao won her first Olympic gold in women’s aerials(空中技巧) at the 2022 Beijing Winter Games.It was not hard to see what it meant for Xu：When the score 108.61 came up with a “1” by her name，she pointed one，then two fingers to the sky and let out a scream.
“Xu is one of the handful of women to consistently try the high-risk triple flips(三周空翻) over the years，”said American Ashley Caldwell，another triple-flip enthusiast who finished fourth.“While triple flips are not unheard of among the women，the list of athletes who have tried them consistently is short.At the last two Olympics，only four of the 12 finalists tried triple flips in the final round.”
Women’s aerials is a sport full of risk-takers but all the risks are very calculated.Since the competitions go through a series of qualifying and elimination(淘汰) rounds that include only one jump each，only a select few over the years have been willing to give up the certainty of a solid score with a double flip for the triple flips.
Xu doesn’t adopt the strategy and keeps trying the triple flips.“It adds extra some might say unnecessary risk to the early rounds，”Xu once said.“But I’m OK sacrificing some good competition results to make the sport look good.”
Failures at the last three Olympics tested the limits of how much Xu was willing to sacrifice.In meet after meet，from Vancouver to Sochi to Pyeongchan，her strategy kept her away from the gold medal but she kept pushing anyway.
“It’s a sense of mission accomplished.This is a winning night for women’s aerials，too，”Xu said after the award ceremony.“If a lot of girls are doing triple flips up there and I fall，there would still be a lot of girls who would do well.If I mess up，that’s OK.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。十几年来，徐梦桃为了提高女子空中技巧运动的观赏性，宁可冒着失去奥运金牌的风险，也要坚持三周空翻。

1．What can we infer from Ashley Caldwell’s words?
A．Xu Mengtao is very sensitive.
B．No athlete wants to try the triple flips.
C．Women are not good risk-takers.
D．Most athletes want to avoid uncertainties.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中Ashley Caldwell所说的话和第三段内容可推断，大部分运动员避开高风险的三周空翻是为了避免得分的不确定性。故选D。
2．Why does Xu Mengtao keep trying the triple flips?
A．She really loves unnecessary risks.
B．She wants to show off her new trick.
C．She hopes to attract more girls to aerials.
D．She wishes to make the sport more enjoyable.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But I’m OK sacrificing some good competition results to make the sport look good.”可知，徐梦桃坚持三周空翻是希望提高空中技巧的观赏性。故选D。
3．Which of the following best describes Xu Mengtao?
A．Determined. B．Curious.
C．Calculating. D．Outgoing.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第五段内容可知，徐梦桃虽然经历了很多次失败，但她从未放弃。由此推知，她是一个意志坚定的人。故选A。
B
(2022·陕西西安模拟)
In the near future，instead of going to your wardrobe(衣柜) to choose something to throw on for your next video call，you might turn to your virtual wardrobe to pick out a 3D digital dress to wear.At least，that’s what a number of people in the fashion and tech space are relying on as more businesses look to the promise of digital fashion.Moreover，those virtual clothes won’t just be for your video calls，but could eventually be worn all over the virtual world，and eventually，perhaps，viewed on your body in the real world through the Augmented Reality(AR) glasses.
“There are more and more second worlds，where you can express yourself.But there is probably an underestimation of the value being attached to individuals who want to express themselves in a virtual world with a virtual product，through a virtual image，” a marketing officer Robert said.As the field develops，there are two ways of using digital clothes—wearing them yourself through AR and providing digital clothes for your virtual body.
But why should we replace our physical clothes? Supporters say there’s unlimited creative expression through digital clothes，which now look increasingly more elegant thanks to developments in 3D and AR technology.“Clothing represents an expression of a personality.It always exists in the physical world，and it will exist in the virtual world，” said Simon Whitehouse，a designer.
He explained，“From the brand side，it’s incredibly profitable to sell clothes without producing physical clothes.It’s reinventing an entire supply chain.There’s no water usage，and there’s very limited CO2 emission.There are no samples being sent out or returned.There are no show rooms，and there’s no physical prototype(实物模型)．”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟服装的概念，以及其未来的发展趋势。虚拟服装可能不仅存在于虚拟世界，还会进入现实世界。

4．What can you probably do in the near future according to paragraph 1?
A．Open a virtual fashion clothing store.
B．Design 3D digital clothes for yourself.
C．Buy a bigger wardrobe for your bedroom.
D．Wear virtual clothes made by digital technology.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Moreover，those virtual clothes won’t just be for your video calls，but could eventually be worn all over the virtual world，and eventually，perhaps，viewed on your body in the real world through the Augmented Reality (AR) glasses.”可知，在未来，人们可能会穿由数字科技制成的虚拟服装。故选D项。
5．What can we infer from Simon’s words in paragraph 3?
A．AR technology will bring a challenge to people.
B．One’s character will be seen in the virtual world.
C．Digital clothes will be more convenient for people.
D．One’s expression only can be seen in the physical world.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘Clothing represents an expression of a personality.It always exists in the physical world，and it will exist in the virtual world，’said Simon Whitehouse，a designer.”可知，Simon认为虚拟世界的服装也可以表达人的个性。故选B项。
6．What is Simon’s attitude to digital clothing?
A．Approving. B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Grateful.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Simon认为虚拟服装有很多好处，故推知他的态度是支持的。故选A项。
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．The increase in AR glasses.
B．The digital fashion in the future.
C．The virtual body in digital clothes.
D．AR glasses made by new technology.
答案　B
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了虚拟服装的概念，以及其未来的发展趋势。虚拟服装可能不仅存在于虚拟世界，还会进入现实世界。故选B项。
C
Amazing and perfectly beautiful，The Midnight Library is everything you’d expect from the genius storyteller，Matt Haig.I picked it up from our readers’ recommendations(we asked our readers to send in some of their favorite recent books) and I can see why it won Best Fiction of 2020 in the Good Reads Choice Awards.
The story follows Nora Seed，a woman who is struggling and feels like nothing in her life has gone according to plan.While the initial chapters of the book are quite sad，Nora finds herself given a chance to start over in the Midnight Library，a magical place full of books of all the different paths her life could have taken.Nora is forced to stay in the library and try out different versions of her life until she finds the life she most wants to live.
I loved the idea that no dream or fork in your road is insignificant，and that they all lead us to become different versions of ourselves.In one life，Nora is an Olympic swimmer.In another，she is a glaciologist living on a boat off the coast of Antarctica.The novel reveals in a beautiful way that the potential we all have within us is impossible to measure，and that we have the possibility to be happy in many different versions of life.
It also discusses how dangerous it can be to live your life with regrets.The Midnight Library revealed to Nora that even if you make very different choices，you may uncover a deeper appreciation for your current home and the people in your life.It is your perspective that matters.
I really loved the fantasy and magical realism in this novel，and I would love for this to be turned into a series where we get to explore The Midnight Library of other characters’ lives as well.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《午夜图书馆》这本书的故事内容以及这本书带给作者的感悟。

8．What can we know about the author of the text?
A．He should be an editor.
B．He is the friend of Matt Haig.
C．Magical realism books are his favorite.
D．He shares a similar experience with Nora.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“I picked it up from our readers’...Awards.”以及最后一段内容可推知，这篇文章的作者可能是一名编辑。故选A。
9．What does The Midnight Library mainly discuss?
A．A magic library.
B．The harm of regret.
C．The exploration of life.
D．Ways to make correct choices.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段最后一句可知，《午夜图书馆》主要讨论对人生的探索。故选C。
10．Where can the text be found?
A．In a novel. B．In a magazine.
C．In a history book. D．In a biography.
答案　B
解析　文章出处题。根据第一段并结合文章主要介绍了《午夜图书馆》这本书的故事内容以及这本书带给作者的感悟可推知，文章可能选自杂志。故选B。
11．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To thank readers who introduced the book.
B．To honour Matt Haig，the author of the book.
C．To share the author’s opinions on the book.
D．To publicize the book to people who are struggling.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。根据第三段第一句和倒数第二段可推知，这篇文章的目的是分享作者对这本书的看法。故选C。
强化练(六)　推理判断题(3)
A
Lily，17 and Evie，15，love cooking and regularly practice their skills.“Both of us obviously love cooking and are very passionate about the state of our city in which we want to make a change for the better，” Evie told Yahoo Life.
Though the teens are too young to become politicians，they often used their baking skills to help with campaigns that try to make their city better.In their spare time，they baked cupcakes and then sold them to raise money.According to Yahoo Life，they raised a total of 30，000 dollars(about 191，000 yuan) in their first fundraiser.
“Once you get a taste for making a difference in the world，you can’t stop，”Lily added.
After this success，the sisters continued helping others.New American Pathways is an Atlanta-based nonprofit organization that helps refugees(难民)．Though the organization has tried its best to support newly-arrived refugees，it’s unable to do everything for them.Many young Afghan refugees don’t have backpacks and other school supplies.
As teen students，the sisters understood how important school supplies are.So they decided to give a hand to these young refugees.At the suggestion of the organization，they started a bake sale to raise funds.Whenever they had the time，they would bake desserts by themselves or called for families and neighbors to join in with them.
With their great work，they ended up getting 240 filled backpacks.
“Knowing that each backpack would be held by a kid that might not have had a backpack at all felt really good，and I was excited to know that we could fuel their love of learning，”Evie told the website Inspiration Post.
They also hope to inspire others to make a difference no matter how small it is.“No matter how small you might feel your voice is，”Lily told Daily Viral News，“just know that you can make a difference in your community.You just have to go for it.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Lily和Evie姐妹俩喜欢烹饪，经常练习厨艺，她们通过出售自己做的糕点来筹集资金，帮助有需要的人。

1．How did Lily and Evie make their city better?
A．They used their hobby to make a difference.
B．They tried to become politicians.
C．They called for the public to raise money.
D．They launched an environmental campaign.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Lily和Evie用自己的爱好来发挥作用使城市变得更好，故选A。
2．What did Lily and Evie do for young Afghan refugees?
A．Baking desserts for free.
B．Persuading passers-by to start a sale.
C．Promoting 240 filled backpacks.
D．Earning money for school supplies by baking.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句、第五段第三句和第六段内容可知，Lily和Evie通过烘焙来赚钱为年轻的阿富汗难民买学习用品。故选D。
3．What can be inferred about the kids from paragraph 7?
A．They wouldn’t suffer hunger.
B．Their passion for learning would be greater.
C．They would love their school.
D．Their love for cooking would be inspired.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第七段中的“we could fuel their love of learning”可推知，有了学习用品后，孩子们的学习热情会更强。故选B。
4．What can we learn from Lily and Evie’s story?
A．Skill comes with practice.
B．Success results from helping others.
C．A small act of kindness matters.
D．Voluntary work needs more money.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段内容可知，我们从Lily和Evie的故事中明白：一个小小的善举也很重要，即A small act of kindness matters，故选C。
B
(2022·安徽马鞍山三模)
Every time mask wearers cough，or make certain facial expressions，their face covering shifts—and a busy worker may not have time to recheck mask fit each time one of these movements occurs.“This can cause anxiety，” says Josiah Hester，developer of FaceBit—a device that tracks a face covering’s fit and wear time，as well as its wearer’s vital signs.His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him，saying，“Give me something that can watch me because I don’t have the time to take care of myself as I’m going about my clinical duties，taking care of this influx(涌入) of patients.” And that’s where it started，Hester explains.
Rather than developing an entire “smart mask”，which might be impractical to reuse，Hester’s team created an electronic device，a little larger than a quarter，that attaches to a face covering with a clip(夹子) and contains several sensors.A pressure sensor detects leaks，indicating how well a mask is fitting.Pressure changes also let the FaceBit determine when the mask is over someone’s face，so it can record wear time.The FaceBit additionally monitors heart rate and measures breathing rate.A Bluetooth connection sends these data to a companion phone app.The device is powered by a battery，charged with energy harvested from the mask’s motions as its wearer moves and breathes.
A fit monitor could be very useful for health care workers wearing a mask all day，says Lisa Brosseau，a research consultant.But she is not convinced that FaceBit can consistently measure fit.“It has some promise，perhaps，but they have not validated it in a way that I would accept.”
Hester plans to continue testing and improving the project.His team will distribute some FaceBits and let people use them，experiment and play with them.Other researchers will also be able to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life.They could even add new sensors that would open up more uses for such a device.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Josiah Hester从临床工作的同事的请求中获取灵感，和其团队发明了一款电子设备FaceBit，它可以在人们佩戴口罩的时候监测口罩的情况。

5．Where did Josiah Hester’s inspiration to develop FaceBit come from?
A．One of his patients.
B．A research consultant.
C．His personal experience.
D．His co-workers’ request.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，Josiah Hester发明FaceBit的灵感来自他同事的请求。故选D项。
6．How can a mask wearer get information from FaceBit?
A．By checking the companion phone app.
B．By reading the measurer on it.
C．By communicating with a wearable recorder.
D．By viewing the watch attached to it.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A Bluetooth connection sends these data to a companion phone app.”可知，戴口罩的人可以通过FaceBit的手机应用获取信息。故选A项。
7．What can we infer about Josiah Hester’s project?
A．It is of unlimited use.
B．It is well received.
C．It calls for cooperation.
D．It has gained profits.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Hester的项目需要与其他研究人员进行合作完成。故选C项。
8．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To share a clinical experiment.
B．To introduce an electronic device.
C．To recommend a smart face covering.
D．To analyze risks of not wearing masks.
答案　B
解析　写作意图题。浏览文章可知，本文主要介绍了Josiah Hester从临床工作的同事的请求中获取灵感，和其团队发明了一款电子设备FaceBit，它可以在人们佩戴口罩的时候监测口罩的情况。由此推知，本文的目的是介绍一种电子设备。故选B项。
C
A Spanish rice dish; secreto de cerdo with pisto—Ibérico Pork with tomatoes，onions，eggplant，and peppers; and chicken and mushroom paella，will be served aboard the International Space Station(ISS) throughout the next week.
That，at least，is what four of the eleven crew members aboard the ISS will be eating，after a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifts off on April 8，2022 from Cape Canaveral，Florida，carrying the Crew Dragon spacecraft.The flight，sponsored by the Houston-based company Axiom Space and known as AX-1，is commanded by Axiom vice president and former astronaut Michael López-Alegría.Also on board are three business owners and charitarians：American Larry Connor，Canadian Mark Pathy，and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each of whom paid an estimated $55 million per seat for their 20-hour journey to the station and the eight days they will spend aboard.
Actually，they are not the first space tourists to the ISS—eleven in total over the past two decades; and all of them were adventurers who paid to fly aboard crewed by professional astronauts.AX-1 is the first fully private mission to the station—but not the last.
In a pre-launch press conference，Connor said，“We’ve spent anywhere from 750 to over 1，000 hours training.We’re going to do some 25 different experiments covering over 100 hours of research.” One such experiment will involve a brain headset that will conduct real-time electroencephalograms(EEGs) of the crew as they fly and experiments on in vitro stem cells.
There will also be time for a moving remembrance.Stibbe，the second Israeli to fly in space，once piloted military jets under the command of Ilan Ramon，the first Israeli astronaut，who died in the 2003 disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia.Several pages from Ramon’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them into the space.
Space is a hard business，a dangerous business，and an expensive business.But it’s also an emotional one.“Ramon was a good friend，” Stibbe added respectfully.“He was my commander.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是4月8号名为AX-1从美国佛罗里达州发射，通往国际空间站的首次全私人形式的太空飞行任务。

9．Why does the author show the dishes at the beginning?
A．To present the whole menu in the space mission.
B．To attract readers’ interest and introduce the topic.
C．To show the enjoyment of the crew members during the flight.
D．To highlight the wealth and social status of the crew members.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。结合第一段和第二段第一句可知，作者介绍这些食物的目的是为了引出这一特殊太空旅行的话题，吸引读者。故选B。
10．What’s the main purpose of the mission?
A．To maintain the ISS.
B．To provide space travel.
C．To help people settle in space.
D．To send Spanish food to space.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。结合第二段最后一句和第三段的“Actually，they are not the first space tourists to the ISS—eleven in total over the past two decades”，可判断这次任务的主要目的是提供太空旅行。故选B。
11. How does Connor think about the mission before he flies?
A．Fully-prepared and significant.
B．Expensive but worthwhile.
C．Difficult and dangerous.
D．Adventurous and challenging.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We’ve spent anywhere from 750 to over 1，000 hours training.We’re going to do some 25 different experiments covering over 100 hours of research.”可推知，Connor认为这次飞行准备充分，并具备研究意义。故选A。
12. Why does Stibbe want to bring Ramon’s diary into the space?
A．Because he wants to continue writing the diary.
B．Because he can use Ramon’s diary as instructions.
C．Because he once piloted military jets under Ramon’s command.
D．Because he wants to show respect for Ramon in this way.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“...Ilan Ramon，the first Israeli astronaut，who died in the 2003 disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia.Several pages from Ramon’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them into the space.”以及最后一段最后一句可知，Stibbe想把雷蒙的日记带进太空来表达对雷蒙的尊重。故选D。