新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第3 题型突破主旨大意题 (含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第3 题型突破主旨大意题 (含解析)，共20页。
思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而主旨大意题较好地反映了学生的思维品质。主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
选项特征
技法一 标题归纳题
——“高度概括”定标题
记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。
设问方式
1．What is the best title fr the text?
2．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
3．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
5．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
此类试题的解题流程如下：
(2022·浙江1月·C)
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list.New research fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia(痴呆症) in later life—and if they did，it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr Helena Hörder，f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden，said：“These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple’s cardivascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia.”
Fr the study，191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were tired ut t measure their peak(最大值的) cardivascular capacity.The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level with a capacity f 120 watts r higher，while 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry.A ttal f 59 were f lw fitness level，with a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less，r having their tests stpped because f health prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades.During that time，44 f the wmen develped dementia.Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia，cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
“Hwever，this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia，it nly shws an assciatin，” said Hörder.“Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant.” She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied，all f whm were frm Sweden，s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
30．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C．Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D．Biking Imprves Wmen’s Cardivascular Fitness
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。依据“穿珠连串”法，由第一段最后一句可知，新的研究发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且如果她们患上痴呆症，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。再根据文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患痴呆症的概率会大大降低。故选C。
技法二 文章大意题
——“主题句定位”寻主旨
说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题，如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题目。
设问方式
1．What is the text mainly abut?
2．What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
3．What des the passage fcus n?
此类试题的解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·C)
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica，she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell.These gentle，lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd，Ginni，nw 71，has had a deep lve fr travel.Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer，she tured in the UK，but always lnged t explre further.When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts，Ginni began t travel the wrld，eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg，the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland.“I just decided I wanted t g，” she says.“I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus.I just wanted t d it.And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008，Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre，t begin the jurney twards Antarctica.“Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises，the whle experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has，” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us.Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land，t be respected by humans，was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
31．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A childhd dream.
B．An unfrgettable experience.
C．Sailing arund the wrld.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。依据“主题句定位”法，通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“These gentle，lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.”可知，An unfrgettable experience(一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
技法三 段落大意题
——首尾兼顾知段意
段落大意题常在说明文和议论文中考查。文章的每一个段落都要围绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一定的规律性。相对于标题类试题和文章大意类试题，段落大意类试题考查频率较低。
设问方式
1．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
2．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us
3．In the last paragraph，the authr mainly tells us .
4．Which f the fllwing is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
5．The third paragraph mainly tells us that .
此类试题的解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·D片段)
Smetime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia.The city discvered its harbr.Then，ne after anther，Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there—brad parks，superb beaches，and a culturally diverse ppulatin.But it is the harbr that makes the city.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．Sydney’s striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C．The key t Sydney’s develpment.
D．Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。依据“首尾兼顾知段意”原则，即根据第一段中的“Smetime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia.The city discvered its harbr.”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city.”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
A
(原创题) 选自：Scientific American
Humans are nt the nly animals that bear divrce；sme birds g thrugh it as well.A recent study reveals why members f ne such species，the Eurasian blue tit，smetimes break their bnd.
When rnithlgists(鸟类学家) refer t “divrce”，they mean that bth members f a breeding pair survive t the fllwing breeding seasn but end up pairing with new partners rather than reuniting.Great blue herns divrce after every breeding seasn，and emperr penguins split up arund 85 percent f the time.In cntrast，just 9 percent f mallard duck pairs call it quits，and albatrsses almst never break up.Many researchers have fcused n understanding hw these separatins affect reprductive success，but until nw few have fcused n the prcess itself.
Behaviral eclgist Carl Gilsenan f the Max Planck Institute fr Ornithlgy in Germany and her clleagues mnitred hundreds f Eurasian blue tits fr eight years，using artificial nest bxes in a prtected frest in suthern Germany.In their findings，published in Animal Behaviur，64 percent f breeding pairs split up during the study—even thugh faithful pairs prduced mre eggs and reared mre fledglings(幼鸟)．If bth members f a pair returned t their previus territry arund the same time，they were mre likely t reunite；if they were n different schedules，they were mre likely t separate.
“If yu turn up early，yu can’t affrd t wait arund，”Gilsenan says.“It culd be that yur frmer mate is injured r even dead.If yu wait，yu may frg a breeding pprtunity，s yu need t pair up.”Adult death rate in blue tits is extremely high—arund 50 percent—s the bird that returns first is mre likely t breed again by finding a new partner rather than risk being left ut entirely.The birds seem t be simply playing the dds.
The researchers als discvered that if pairs maintained cntact utside the breeding seasn，they were mre likely t have synchrnized schedules and therefre t remain faithful t each ther.
Jsh A．Firth，a zlgist at the University f Oxfrd，wh was nt invlved with the study，says this analysis apparently rules ut a number f ther pssible causes f bird divrce，including lw reprductive success rates，infidelity，and genetic r behaviral cmpatibility.“In wild animal ppulatins，” he says，“divrce can be driven by cnsequential effects—almst accidentally.”
1．Which birds f the fllwing are faithful t their frmer partner?
A．Great blue herns.
B．Emperr penguins.
C．Mallard ducks.
D．Albatrsses.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第二段中的“In cntrast，just 9 percent f mallard duck pairs call it quits，and albatrsses almst never break up.”可知，信天翁这类鸟几乎不“离婚”，由此可推断信天翁对自己的伴侣是最忠实的。故选D。
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The result f Carl Gilsenan’s findings.
B．The reasn why sme birds will find a new partner.
C．The number f birds that pair with new partners.
D．The kinds f birds that bear divrce.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。由第四段第二、三句“It culd be that yur frmer mate is injured r even dead.If yu wait，yu may frg a breeding pprtunity，s yu need t pair up.”可知，本段主要告诉我们鸟儿为什么在新的交配季节去找新的伴侣。故选B。
3．What is the best title fr this passage?
A．Birds Break Up
B．Birds
C．Animals
D．Human and Nature
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。由第一段第一句“Humans are nt the nly animals that bear divrce；sme birds g thrugh it as well.”以及下文多次提到鸟儿divrce，break up，find a new partner可知，A项适合作为本文的标题。故选A。
4．In which f the fllwing wuld this passage mst likely be fund?
A．Science fictin. B．Newspaper.
C．Magazine. D．Website.
答案 C
解析 文章出处题。本文主题语境是人与自然，向我们讲述了鲜为人知的鸟儿也“离婚”现象，所以最有可能是杂志上的一篇文章。故选C。
B
Frgiveness is imprtant in children and adults fr restring relatinships and limiting future cnflicts.A recent study suggests that teaching children t understand ther peple’s perspectives culd make it easier fr them t learn hw t frgive ther peple.The study als fund that teaching children t make sincere aplgies can help them receive frgiveness frm thers.
Mulvey，an assciate prfessr f psychlgy at Nrth Carlina State University，led the study.Her team enlisted 185 children，aged between 5 and 14，in the study.Researchers cnducted in an interview with each child that cllected backgrund infrmatin and assessed the child’s “thery f mind” skills.Thery f mind is yur ability t understand that smene else’s beliefs，intentins and desires are different frm yur wn.
Researchers then led each child thrugh a series f scenaris(设想情况) invlving ther children wh are “in-grup” and “ut-grup”．Specifically，each participant was tld they were part f a grup，such as the green team.During interviews，researchers described sme children as als being n the green team(making them in-grup)，while ther children were n the yellw team(making them ut-grup)．In each scenari，interviewers asked study participants whether they were willing t frgive a grup that left them ut f a game r activity.
There were three main findings.First，children are mre likely t frgive smene if he/she has aplgized.Secnd，children are mre likely t frgive peple wh are “in-grup”．Third，the mre advanced a child’s thery f mind skills are，the mre likely they are t frgive thers.
The researchers identified tw things that parents and teachers may want t fcus n related t frgiveness.One is helping kids understand hw imprtant it is t aplgize in a meaningful way.The secnd fcus area is helping kids understand the perspectives f ther peple，even if they are different frm yu.
Mulvey says，“One f the biggest implicatins f ur study is that teachers and parents need t actively help children cultivate thery f mind skills，which will aid them in navigating a diverse and cmplex wrld in the future.”
5．What d we knw abut the study participants?
A．They were divided int tw grups based n the age.
B．They needed t ffer sme f their persnal infrmatin.
C．They had t fill in a questinnaire abut real-life situatins.
D．They tk part in a game r activity befre each interview.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，参与研究的孩子需要提供个人的背景资料，故选B。
6．Accrding t the study，children are mre likely t frgive thers.
A．frm higher scial backgrunds
B．having the habit f aplgizing
C．with better thery f mind skills
D．belnging t a different grup
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，孩子的心理理论技能越高级，他们就越有可能原谅他人，故选C。
7．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The pssible effect f the study.
B．The limitatin f the study.
C．The theretical basis f the study.
D．The fcus f future studies.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲的是这项研究可能产生的影响。故选A。
8．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Frgiveness Helps Children t Limit Future Cnflicts
B．Frgiveness：What Shuld Teachers and Parents Fcus n?
C．Study Outlines Ways t Help Children Learn Frgiveness
D．Are Yu Willing t Frgive Others r Receive Frgiveness?
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段最后两句可知，文章主要介绍了最近的一项研究发现了如何让孩子学会宽恕，C项“研究展示了帮助孩子学会宽恕的办法”切题。故选C。
强化练(七) 主旨大意题(1)
A
Wdy Williams f Charltte，Nrth Carlina is simply Wdy Williams，a retired graphic artist and musician wh plays in lcal clubs and bars.But nline，the 72-year-ld is knwn as Funky Geezer (时髦老头)，and he’s gt mre than 3 millin fllwers n TikTk alne!
In December 2020，Wdy was staying in his hme t avid catching the COVID-19，just like everybdy else.He fund himself with mre free time than usual，and since he culdn’t g t perfrm in a club r jam with any bands，he decided t check ut what was happening nline.He dwnladed TikTk and upladed a shrt vide f himself ding a little dance.The likes and cmments started puring in，and befre he knew it，his vide had been viewed millins f times!
Encuraged，Wdy leaned in t his Funky Geezer persna(人设)，uplading mre vides t his channel.He enjys cnnecting with peple again，and always lves putting n a shw t make thers smile.
Funky Geezer has nw gne viral mre than nce，and he’s gt a large fllwing acrss all f his scial channels.He’s even getting requests t bring his dance mves t freign lands，althugh he’s nt sure he’ll be traveling much beynd his usual circles.
“I was asked t d shws in Canada，England and Micrnesia，” he said.“I dn’t even knw where Micrnesia is.”
Wdy says he desn’t run his “Funky Geezer Shw” fr fame r frtune; he simply wants t put a smile n smene’s face! “My mtt is t inspire until yu die，” he said，adding，“I am just encuraging the newbies t cme up，grab their guitar，get invlved，and express themselves.”
1．Why did Wdy uplad a shrt vide n TikTk?
A．T pass time.
B．T attract fllwers.
C．T shw a dancing style.
D．T prmte lcal clubs and bars.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，Wdy是因为疫情期间在家无聊，为了打发时间才在抖音上发布短视频的。故选A项。
2．What did Wdy d after the success f his first vide?
A．He viewed millins f vides.
B．He encuraged thers t jam with bands.
C．He began cnnecting peple with dancing.
D．He went ne step further twards his new persna.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Encuraged，Wdy leaned in t his Funky Geezer persna(人设)，uplading mre vides t his channel.”可知，他进一步塑造了自己的人设。故选D项。
3．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly abut?
A．Hw ppular Wdy is.
B．Where Wdy will travel.
C．What channels Wdy uses.
D．Why Wdy mved abrad.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。从第四段中的“Funky Geezer has nw gne viral mre than nce”以及第五段中的“I was asked t d shws in Canada，England and Micrnesia”可知，Wdy走红了，而且还被邀请出国表演，由此可见他很受欢迎。故选A项。
4．Which is a prper wrd t describe Wdy?
A．Prud. B．Lazy.
C．Sensitive. D．Enthusiastic.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I am just encuraging the newbies t cme up，grab their guitar，and get invlved，express themselves.”可知，他把自己跳舞的视频分享到抖音上，而且他还想要激励新手，说明他是充满热情的。故选D项。
B
(2022·安徽“皖南八校”联考)
What des it take t becme an astrnaut？It’s a questin that’s been asked since the start f the Space Age in the 1960s.In thse days，pilts were cnsidered the mst well-trained prfessinals，s military fliers were first in line t g t space.Mre recently，peple frm a wide range f prfessinal backgrunds—dctrs，scientists，and even teachers—have trained t live and wrk in near-Earth rbit.Even s，thse selected t g t space must meet high standards.
Peple wh want t becme astrnauts must be in tp physical cnditin.Each cuntry’s space prgram has health requirements fr its space travelers.They usually assess a candidate’s fitness t withstand sme pretty tugh cnditins.Fr example，a gd candidate must have the ability t endure the rigrs f lift-ff and t functin in weightlessness.All astrnauts must have gd visual acuity and nrmal bld pressure.Beynd that，there is n age limit.Mst astrnaut trainees are between the ages f 25 and 46，althugh lder peple have als flwn t space later in their careers.
Peple wh g t space are usually self-cnfident，risk-takers，adept at stress management and multitasking.They als need t be able t wrk as part f a team fr any given assignment.On Earth，astrnauts are usually required t perfrm varius public relatins duties，such as speaking t the public，wrking with ther prfessinals，and smetimes even testifying befre gvernment fficials.S，astrnauts wh can relate well t many different kinds f peple are seen as valuable team members.
Often，astrnauts have a backgrund as scientists and many have high-level degrees，like PhDs.Others have military training r space industry expertise.Regardless f their backgrund，nce an astrnaut is accepted int a cuntry’s space prgram，he r she ges thrugh rigrus training t actually live and wrk in space.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的条件。)
5．Which f the fllwing is f least imprtance t an astrnaut?
A．Nrmal bld pressure.
B．Gd eyesight.
C．Tugh bdy.
D．Yung age.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，成为宇航员并没有严格的年龄限制，甚至有人在年龄较大的时候也飞往太空，所以相比其他条件，年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。故选D。
6．Accrding t the passage，an astrnaut is ne wh ________.
A．is strng and healthy
B．has self-cnfidence
C．can wrk under great pressure
D．all f the abve
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，宇航员需要健康和强壮的身体；根据第三段第一句可知，宇航员充满自信且能承受高压，故选D。
7．Why are astrnauts asked t perfrm public duties?
A．T make them famus amng peple.
B．T relieve their feelings f tensin.
C．T raise their awareness f teamwrk.
D．T prmte public interest in the aerspace.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中第二、三、四句可知，宇航员被要求履行公共职责是为了锻炼他们的团队合作能力，提高他们的团队合作意识，使他们成为团队中有价值的成员。故选C。
8．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Everyne Can Be an Astrnaut
B．The Prfessinal Qualities f an Astrnaut
C．Training Astrnauts is Much Easier Nwadays
D．It’s Nt Mysterius t Be an Astrnaut
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。文章第一句“What des it take t becme an astrnaut？”以设问的方式引起下文，是文章的主旨句，接下来具体分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的专业素质，包括身体素质、心理素质、专业知识等。B项(一名宇航员的专业素质)符合题意。故选B。
C
When evaluating peple n varius psychlgical tests，psychlgists ften distinguish between markers f abslute perfrmance and relative perfrmance.Abslute perfrmance reflects the raw measurement f smething，like the time it takes t run a mile.Relative perfrmance is hw a persn rates in relatin t their peers，as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use t evaluate urselves are almst always relative，as we cmpare urselves t ur peers and the standards that are mst familiar t us.Fr instance，in my private practice，I have ne patient I will call “Omar” wh is dependent n scial services and makes less than $30，000 per year at his jb.While this level f pverty wuld lead mst peple t wake up depressed each day，Omar is ne f the mst ptimistic and appreciative individuals I knw.Why？Because mst f his clsest peers—his siblings and friends frm childhd—have lives far wrse than his.
In cntrast t Omar，I have anther patient，an adlescent I’ll call “Lena”，whse family has prperty ver $5 millin.Lena，hwever，lives in an upper-class neighbrhd where her family is at the lwer end f the incme level.Thugh Lena’s family allws her t enjy pssessins and experiences that less than 1 percent f her peers acrss the wrld can share，she cnsistently feels “less than”．Why？Because Lena desn’t cmpare herself t the rest f the wrld.This is t abstract an exercise fr her，as it wuld be fr mst f us.
Accrdingly，whether a psychlgist is psychdynamic r cgnitive-behaviral，therapy(疗法) with individuals struggling with situatinal r psychlgical depressin aims t slve the prblems assciated with basing ne’s self-wrth n cmparisns with thers.Psychlgists try t help peple fcus n persnal grwth arund the achievement f cncrete gals in line with their values，independent f the achievement f thers.Fr all f us，defining these gals，especially during perids f emtinal calm，can g a lng way in helping us t avid the trap f relativity that ften leads t situatinal and psychlgical depressin.
9．What is the functin f paragraph 1?
A．T shw the significance f evaluating peple.
B．T mtivate readers t study psychlgical tests.
C．T help peple perfrm well in psychlgical tests.
D．T prvide sme backgrund infrmatin n evaluating peple.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，第一段提供了两种评估人的标准即“绝对性表现”和“相对性表现”，为下文作铺垫。故选D。
10．Why des the authr mentin his tw patients?
A．T measure different achievements.
B．T intrduce the standards t evaluate peple.
C．T explain relative perfrmance with examples.
D．T cntrast relative perfrmance and abslute perfrmance.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句以及下文的介绍可知，作者通过举例子的方式介绍了什么叫幸福和收入的相对性表现。故选C。
11．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Setting gals in life is essential fr everyne.
B．It’s imprtant t avid unhealthy cmparisns.
C．A sense f achievement can affect ne’s happiness.
D．Imprving self-wrth can help get rid f depressin.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，情境性心理抑郁是不健康的比较方式造成的，所以我们得避免陷入它的陷阱。故选B。
12．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Happiness：Is it all relative?
B．Self-wrth：Is it measurable?
C．Self-wrth：Is it based n effrts?
D．Happiness：Is it assciated with achievements?
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。通读分析文章结构可知，第一段介绍通过心理测试评估一个人时，心理学家通常会区分绝对性表现和相对性表现的标志。第二、三段通过对比两个例子，说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。第四段做出总结，对于那些患有情境性或心理抑郁症的人经常会落入相对论的陷阱，并对自己的价值有一种扭曲的看法。建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。因此，文章主要介绍幸福与比较的相对性关系，故选A。
强化练(八) 主旨大意题(2)
A
During the 1930s，the Great War brke ut.A 25-year-ld American sldier，prbably never thught that his life wuld change frever when he vlunteered t g t France.
One night while the American unit was returning t the base after a bldy fight，Suleyman stumbled int the grund and nticed a bit f mvement frm the bush.Being stuck between tw chices either it’s enemy r an animal，Suleyman fund a five-year-ld girl frm the bushes shivering with cld and utmst fear.Due t the atrcity f the war，the girl was abandned by her family and the whle village was killed.
During the war，it was impssible t find the child’s family s Suleyman tk this little French girl under his wings and gave her an American name Flra which means like the flwer.Sn，Flra became the apple f the eye f everyne living in the army camp.
Fr ne and a half years，Flra and Suleyman became inseparable；hwever，every fairy tale cmes t an end.When the war ended，Suleyman was sent back t the USA，while Flra was put in an rphanage，the Nrmandy Schl，which was funded by the American gvernment fr rphaned French children t have an educatin.
Fr years，Suleyman always thught abut Flra.When the French Natinal Olympic Team was playing in the Summer Olympics in Ls Angeles in 1984，Suleyman gazed thrugh the audience n TV，hping t catch a glimpse f Flra，but he never culd.
At the age f 85，Suleyman attended the 60th anniversary receptin f the Great War where Suleyman shared his stry with American and French fficials.After hearing his stry，a French jurnalist started t investigate the stry，and all gvernment files were read in detail.The mment the jurnalist helped dial the number，in tears，Flra said Suleyman was her her，and everything came flding back t her.
1．What des the underlined wrd “atrcity” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Cruelty. B．Challenge.
C．Range. D．Stress.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“f the war，the girl was abandned by her family and the whle village was killed”可知，这个女孩被家人抛弃，整个村庄的人都被杀了，可见战争血雨腥风、十分残酷，故画线词意思是“残酷”。故选A。
2．Why did Suleyman watch 1984 Summer Olympics?
A．Because Flra might be in the French team.
B．Because Suleyman was greatly interested in sprts.
C．Because Flra might be watching the event.
D．Because Suleyman wanted t travel t Ls Angeles.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，苏莱曼观看1984年夏季奥运会是因为弗洛拉可能在看比赛。故选C。
3．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Flra and Suleyman became attached t each ther.
B．Flra was sent t an rphanage called Nrmandy.
C．Suleyman fund sme animals in the bush.
D．Suleyman wuld never see Flra again.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Fr ne and a half years，Flra and Suleyman became inseparable”可知，弗洛拉和苏莱曼相互依靠。故选A。
4．Which can serve as the best pssible title fr the text?
A．A Tugh Flwer in the War
B．The Influence f the War
C．The Lst and Fund Lve
D．The Apple f the Father’s Eye
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。文章讲述了第二次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵苏莱曼救了一个女孩，取名弗洛拉。两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，直到弗洛拉被送入孤儿院，两人分开。在苏莱曼85岁的时候，记者帮忙拨通了弗洛拉的电话，两人再次取得了联系。故C项“爱失而复得”最符合文章标题。故选C。
B
(2022·安徽马鞍山三模)
When learning a freign language，mst peple fall back n traditinal methds: reading，writing，listening and repeating.But if yu als gesture with yur arms while studying，yu can remember the vcabulary better，even mnths later.Linking a wrd t brain areas respnsible fr mvement strengthens the memry f its meaning.
As neurscientist Brian Mathias and his clleagues described in the Jurnal f Neurscience，they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a ttal f 90 invented artificial wrds (such as “lamube” fr “camera，” and “atesi” fr “thught”) ver fur days.While the test subjects first heard the new vcabulary，they were simultaneusly(同时地) shwn a vide f a persn making a gesture that matched the meaning f the wrd.When the wrd was repeated，they were suppsed t perfrm the gesture themselves.Five mnths later，they were asked t translate the vcabulary they had learned int German in a multiple-chice test.
At the same time，they had a device attached t their heads that sent weak pulses t their primary mtr crtex(皮层)—the brain area that cntrls vluntary arm mvements.When these interfering(干扰) signals were active，the subjects fund it harder t recall the wrds accmpanied by gestures.When the device sent n interfering signals (but still appeared t the subjects t be active)，they fund it easier t remember the wrds.The researchers cncluded that the mtr crtex cntributed t the translatin f the vcabulary learned with gestures.This applied t cncrete wrds，such as “camera”，as well as abstract nes，such as “thught”．
“Our results prvide evidence fr why learning techniques that invlve the bdy’s mtr system shuld be used mre ften，” says Mathias.“I think we underuse gesture in ur classrms.Peple use it spntaneusly(自发地)，if they’re gd teachers and gd listeners.But we dn’t necessarily bring it int the class if we dn’t think abut it.”
5．What were the subjects required t d in the test?
A．Repeat what ther subjects describe.
B．Fllw what the persn in the vide did.
C．Match the vcabulary with relative pictures.
D．Translate the vcabulary int a freign language.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While the test subjects first heard the new vcabulary，they were simultaneusly(同时地) shwn a vide f a persn making a gesture that matched the meaning f the wrd.When the wrd was repeated，they were suppsed t perfrm the gesture themselves.”可知，测试对象被要求重复视频里的人所做的手势。故选B。
6．Why were pulses sent t the subjects’ mtr crtex?
A．T cntrl their bdy mvements.
B．T shelter ther interfering signals.
C．T identify the functin f the mtr crtex.
D．T cnfirm the abstract thughts in their mind.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers cncluded that the mtr crtex cntributed t the translatin f the vcabulary learned with gestures.”可推断，发送脉冲是为了确认运动皮层的功能。故选C。
7．What is Brian Mathias’ expectatin f the research?
A．It will be carried ut mre frequently.
B．It will invlve mre cncrete bjects.
C．It will be applied t classrm teaching.
D．It will mtivate his clleagues t participate.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think we underuse gesture in ur classrms.”可推断，Brian Mathias认为这一研究可以运用于课堂教学。故选C。
8．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Gd Learning Techniques Matter Mre
B．Repeating Strengthens Memry
C．Bdy Language Betters Cmmunicatin
D．Gestures Help Learn New Wrds
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主要说明大多数人都采取传统的方法学习一门外语：读、写、听和重复。但是如果在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以更好地记忆词汇。所以“Gestures Help Learn New Wrds”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
C
Often when we think f taking sme time ut and having a little R&R，the image that cmes t mind is that f being very still with the aim f mving as little as pssible.Rest，we have cme t learn，means sitting dwn，putting ur feet up and unburdening urselves.
This is all gd and well，and as a wrking mther f tw，I cmpletely appreciate the physical exhaustin that cmes frm standing literally fr hurs fllwed by the cl wave f relief that radiates frm the sles f my feet upwards when I finally sit dwn.What is a better way t d that than a day spent ding nthing?
S why，then，d I still find myself exhausted in the evening? I’ve dne hardly any physical activity at all，and hw can I pssibly be this tired? The answer，I realized，is dwn t the fact that I wasn’t getting enugh cgnitive rest.Surfing，texting and answering emails，engaging with peple nline，the news cycle and the endless wrries，all f this can take place while a persn is fully curled up n the sfa in pajamas.All these things inhibit us frm receiving enugh mental rest.
I caught up with CBT therapist Charltte Luscmbe wh shared with me the imprtance f switching ff mentally as well as physically.She explains，“We can be physically still and resting but that des nt mean ur bdies are in a relaxed state.Our minds can cntinue t race and can cause anxiety when ding s.”
And what suggestins des Charltte have fr busy-minded individuals like me? “Active rest，”she tells me.“Activities that help yu t engage yur mind can help yu t relax even if yu are physically ding smething，as this encurages cgnitive rest.They can be yga，walking，reading，clring etc.Even ding smething active with yur mind engaged will be mre restful than sitting dwn but wrrying fr hurs.”
9．What is paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A．The manner f sitting.
B．The cmmn sense f rest.
C．The definitin f a still life.
D．The physical tiredness.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段主要讲的是人们对休息的普遍看法。故选B。
10．What des the underlined wrd “inhibit”in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Prtect. B．Prevent.
C．Separate. D．Save.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The answer，I realized，is dwn t the fact that I wasn’t getting enugh cgnitive rest.Surfing， these things”以及后文“us frm receiving enugh mental rest”可知，上网、发短信、回邮件、在网上与人交流、看新闻以及无休止的担忧，所有这些都可能发生在一个人穿着睡衣完全蜷缩在沙发上的时候，所有这些事情都阻止我们得到足够的精神上的休息。故画线词意思是“阻止”。故选B。
11．Hw can a busy-minded persn stay mre relaxed accrding t Charltte?
A．Interacting nline.
B．Ding nthing at hme.
C．Fcusing n reading.
D．Ging t a therapist.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，一个忙碌的人可以通过专注阅读来放松。故选C。
12．What wuld be the best title fr this text?
A．Hw t Crrectly Sit Dwn
B．Hw t Timely Deal with Wrries
C．Hw t Prperly Rest Yur Brain
D．Hw t Fully Engage Yur Mind
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的普遍看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息。然后介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建议。由此可知，C选项“如何让大脑得到适当的休息”最适合作文章标题。故选C。语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。不仅人可以离婚，自然界中的鸟儿也可以“离婚”，这是因为一个交配季节过后，这一对鸟儿就会分开，在下一个交配季节来临时，其中一个可能不回来了，为了繁殖，另一只鸟儿就不再等待，而是去找一个新配偶。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，介绍了北卡罗来纳州立大学通过对185名儿童进行观察，研究帮助儿童学会宽恕行为的方法。一是教会孩子们进行诚挚的道歉；二是帮助孩子理解其他人的不同观点。
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了70多岁的老人Wdy在抖音上发布短视频，从而受到关注的经历和感受。
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍幸福与比较的关系，文章通过对比两个例子介绍了两个收入不同、幸福感不同的人，说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。最后建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。讲述了第二次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵苏莱曼救了一个女孩，取名弗洛拉。两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，直到弗洛拉被送入孤儿院，两人分开。在苏莱曼85岁的时候，记者帮忙拨通了弗洛拉的电话，两人再次取得了联系。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明大多数人都采取传统的方法学习一门外语：读、写、听和重复。但是如果在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以更好地记忆词汇。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的普遍看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息。然后介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建议。