新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第4 题型突破词句猜测题 (含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第4 题型突破词句猜测题 (含解析)，共19页。
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
设问方式
1．The wrd “...” in .
2．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “...” in
3．What d the underlined wrds “...” prbably mean?
4．What des the underlined wrd/phrase “...”in t?
5．The underlined expressin “...” in prbably means “ ”．
技法一 词义猜测题
——巧用线索猜词义
词汇含义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，猜测词句能力的高低，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。下面介绍巧用逻辑关系、语法关系、构词法和上下文语境猜测词汇含义。
一、4种逻辑关系助力词义猜测
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·C片段)
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America，the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife.Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.Unfrtunately，it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.Millins f waterfwl(水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen.Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins，greatly reducing waterfwl habitat(栖息地)．
29．What des the underlined wrd “decimate”mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Exprt.
C．Destry. D．Distribute.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。依据画线词所在句中的Unfrtunately可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折，上文讲到了探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃。美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源，因此画线词所在句应讲述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部分资源破坏。故选C。
二、5种语法关系助力词义猜测
(2022·全国乙·C片段)
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety.It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，ften at night，t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29．What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Persnnel safety.
B．Assistance frm drnes.
C．Inspectin and repair.
D．Cnstructin f infrastructure.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据后文的举例用语“ sending maintenance staff，ften at night，t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，maintenance指的是后文中的“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”，故选C。
三、3种构词法助力词义猜测
例如：A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness，uneasiness，r wrry.
分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
四、上下文语境助力词义猜测
有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·C片段)
The elderly residents(居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
...
Wendy Wilsn，extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street，ne f the first t embark n the prject，said：“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins.We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30．What d the underlined wrds “embark n”mean in paragraph 7?
A．Imprve. B．Oppse.
C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据上下文语境，即画线处前的“ne f the first”以及后文“We are t peple here.”可知，Wendy Wilsn是这个项目的发起人之一，所以画线词的含义与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
技法二 代词指代题
——“就近原则”判指代
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
设问方式
1．What des the underlined wrd “this/it/them/which...” refer t?
2．The underlined part “it/that/they/which...”in t “ ”．
解此类试题常用“就近原则”巧判断。解题流程如下：
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ·C片段)
In the mid-1990s，Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven mnths，physically brken and having lst his mind.A few years later，still attracted t the cuntry，he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit，hwever，ended up invlving a lt mre than that.Hence this bk，Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia，which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan，where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea.It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land，and f the peple he meets n his way：Rustam，his translatr，a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia，Oleg and Natasha，his hsts in Tashkent，and a string f freign aid wrkers.
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Develping a serius mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。依据代词永远出现在原词之后可知，画线代词指代第一段最后一句，由此可知，此处that指的是“写一篇有关咸海消失的文章”这件事。故选D。
技法三 句意猜测题
——意义吻合推句意
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。
设问方式
1．What des the underlined sentence in
2．Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined sentence in
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。其解题流程如下：
(2019·浙江·B片段)
Mney with n strings attached.It’s nt smething yu see every day.But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth，a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What Yu Can，Take What Yu Need.”
24．What des the expressin “mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Mney spent withut hesitatin.
B．Mney nt legally made.
C．Mney ffered withut cnditins.
D．Mney nt tied tgether.
答案 C
解析 句意猜测题。根据下文的内容并结合木板上写的“Give What Yu Can，Take What Yu Need.”可知，钉在木板上的钱是可以随意取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
A
(外刊阅读·原创题) 选自：USA Tday
Rbt vacuums are incredibly ppular，and these helpful husehld gadgets are cnveniently designed t pick up dust，hair and all manner f grime s yu dn’t have t d it yurself.Of all f the mdels available，the iRbt Rmba i7＋ is the best rbt vacuum we’ve ever tested，and right nw，yu can get it n sale fr $300 ff its usual price.
Thanks t this deal at Bed Bath & Beynd，yu can get this rbt vacuum n sale fr $699.99—its lwest price f all time.We’ve nly ever seen it at this lw twice befre，back in December 2019 and April 2020.While it’s true that even at its discunted price，the Rmba i7＋ is still extremely expensive，this handy little guy is in a class all its wn when it cmes t rbt vacuums.
Fr starters，it can empty itself ut via a secndary suctin feature lcated in its charging base.This unique functinality is a big part f why it csts s much and why ur testers and nline reviewers alike really lve it(yu can als get it withut this feature right nw with yur purchase f the regular i7，n sale fr $499.99—$200 ff its $699.99 list price)．Perfect fr senirs，r anyne wh struggles t vacuum hard-t-reach areas，this rbtic machine makes it s yu never have t bend dwn n yur hands and knees t get rid f dirt r debris frm the vacuum.
Furthermre，what surprised ur testers was that the Rmba i7＋ shuld pick up 10 grams f debris.It actually scred a perfect 10 in ur lab testing，which is almst unheard f.It’s als a smart device，s yu can cnnect it t Wi-Fi t cntrl it via Alexa and Ggle Hme.Even better，yu can watch as it creates a map f yur hme，allwing yu t track its prgress r keep it ut f specific rms.
1．What des the underlined wrd “grime” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Object. B．Fd.
C．Dirt. D．Water.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。由画线单词前面的and可知，grime应该与dust和hair为同义词，意思也应该是垃圾或灰尘。故选C。
2．Hw much is this rbt vacuum if it desn’t discunt?
A．$300. B．$699.99.
C．$499.99. D．$999.99.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句中的“right nw，yu can get it n sale fr $300 ff its usual price”可知，现在搞活动期间购买可以在原价的基础上减去$300；再由第二段第一句“Thanks t this deal at Bed Bath & Beynd，yu can get this rbt vacuum n sale fr $699.99—its lwest price f all time.”可知，目前活动价是$699.99，因此加上优惠的$300，原价应该是$999.99，故选D。
3．What des the underlined sentence in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．The price f the Rmba i7＋ is ttally different frm all the ther vacuums f the same kind.
B．The Rmba i7＋ is like a little guy in a class.
C．When we refer t rbt vacuums，the Rmba i7＋ belngs t the guy f his wn.
D．The Rmba i7＋ is t expensive fr the custmers t buy.
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。通过阅读画线句，分析其结构，理解句意，再通过照应上下文可知，the Rmba i7＋的价格在同类产品中是独一无二的，完全与众不同，故选A。
4．What des the underlined wrd “which” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．The Rmba i7＋.
B．Our lab.
C．It actually scred a perfect 10 in ur lab testing.
D．The lab testing.
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。此处的which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，所以此处的which是指“It actually scred a perfect 10 in ur lab testing”。故选C。
B
In February f 1942，Mexican farmer Dinisi Pulid thught he heard thunder cming frm his crnfield.Hwever，the sund wasn’t cming frm the sky.The surce was a large smking break sending ut gas and pushing ut rcks.This pening wuld cme t be knwn as the vlcan Paricutin，and ver the next 9 years，its lava and ash wuld cver ver 200 square km.But where did this new vlcan cme frm，and what caused its unpredictable eruptin?
One f the mst cmmn causes f an eruptin is an increase in magmastatic pressure.Magma(岩浆) cntains varius elements and cmpunds.At high enugh cncentratins，cmpunds like water r sulfur(硫) frm high-pressure gas bubbles.When these balls f gas reach the surface，they can burst with the frce f a gunsht.And when millins f bubbles explde，the energy can send ash int the air.But befre they pp r burst，they act like bubbles f CO2 in a shaken sda.
Nt all eruptins are due t rising magmastatic pressure—smetimes the weight f the rck abve can becme dangerusly lw.Landslides can remve massive quantities f rck frm atp a magma chamber r rm，drpping the pressure and instantly tuching ff an eruptin.This prcess is knwn as “unlading”and it’s been respnsible fr numerus eruptins，including the sudden explsin f Munt St.Helens in 1980.But unlading can als happen ver lnger perids f time due heating ice r melting glaciers.In fact，many gelgists are wrried that glacial melt caused by climate change culd increase vlcanic activity.
Unfrtunately，knwing what causes eruptins desn’t make them easy t predict.While scientists can rughly determine the strength and weight f the Earth’s crust(地壳)，the depth and heat f magma chambers makes measuring changes in magmastatic pressure very difficult.But vlcanlgists are cnstantly explring new technlgy t vercme this rcky field.Advances in thermal imaging(热成像) have allwed scientists t detect undergrund htspts.Spectrmeters can analyze gases escaping magma.Hpefully，these tls will help us better understand these gas breaks and their explsive eruptins.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是火山爆发的原因。)
5．Why des the authr mentin the stry f a farmer in the first paragraph?
A．T shw the pwer f vlcan eruptin.
B．T intrduce the tpic.
C．T intrduce the vlcan Paricutin.
D．T explain the reasn.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，第一段开头提到一个农民的故事是为了引出火山喷发的原因这个主题，故选B。
6．What des the underlined wrd “they” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The bubbles f CO2.
B．The ash f the vlcan.
C．Gas bubbles f cmpunds.
D．The elements f a sda.
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，they指的是水或硫这样的化合物形成的高压气泡，即Gas bubbles f cmpunds，故选C。
7．Which f the fllwing is true abut the eruptin f Munt St.Helens?
A．Landslides shuld be respnsible fr its eruptin.
B．It began t explde ver a lng perid f time.
C．The prcess f “unlading” ccurred after its explsin.
D．The weight f the rck abve it increased as t cause its eruptin.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，山体滑坡应该对圣海伦斯火山的爆发负责。故选A。
8．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Scientists can determine the eruptin f vlcan in advance.
B．It is quite difficult t measure the weight f the Earth’s crust.
C．Spectrmeters can help scientists t detect undergrund htspts.
D．Scientists are psitive abut further study f vlcan eruptin.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推断出，科学家们对火山爆发的进一步研究持乐观态度。故选D。
强化练(九) 词句猜测题(1)
A
A letter written t a 12-year-ld girl in Lithuania was delivered in December，almst 51 years after it was sent by a pen pal in Pland.“I thught that smene was pranking me，”said Genvefa Klnvska after being handed the letter，which included a handmade clred rse and tw paper dlls.
The letter，tgether with 17 thers，fell ut f a ventilatin hle(通风口) this summer，dirty and wrinkled，as a wall was taken dwn in a frmer pst ffice n the suburb f Vilnius.Jurgis Vilnius，wner f the building immediately called the pst ffice.“I’m s happy they gt interested，” he said.
Street names and their numbering have changed in Vilnius，and pst ffice wrkers spent mnths lking fr the right huses and talking t current renters and neighbrs，tracking dwn where the recipients mved t.Only five were fund.In several cases children f late recipients were handed a lst letter.
“We felt a mral duty t d this，”said Deimante Zebrauskaite，head f the custmer experience department at Lithuania Pst.
One lady cmpared the experience t receiving a message frm a bttle thrwn int sea.Peple were emtinal.“Sme felt they saw a part f daily life f their deceased parents，” Zebrauskaite said.
In the letter t Klnvska，sent frm Kezary in Pland and stamped in 1970，a girl named Ewa cmplains buses n lnger reach her village，s she has t walk in minus 23 degree Celsius cld，and asks fr pictures f actrs.
Nw in her 60s，Klnvska has n memry f Ewa.She prbably wrte Ewa after finding her address advertising fr pen pals in a newspaper，and the relatinship ceased after the letter gt undelivered.
“S gd that the letter didn’t matter much.The lss was nt life-changing，”said Klnvska.“What if they delivered a lst letter frm a suitr(求婚者) t his lve，and their wedding never happened？”
1．What des the underlined wrd “pranking” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Brightening. B．Embarrassing.
C．Tricking. D．Pleasing.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句可知，立陶宛的Klnvska收到了51年前波兰的笔友寄给她的信，由此推知当她收到信时，她难以相信，甚至可能觉得有人捉弄她，结合选项可推知，画线词pranking的意思是“欺骗”，即Tricking，故选C。
2．What happened t the letters in paragraph 2?
A．They were accidentally fund.
B．They remained well-preserved.
C．They were delivered by the frmer pst ffice.
D．They were hidden by the wner f the building.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，那些信是偶然发现的，故选A。
3．Which f the fllwing best describes the present pst ffice in Vilnius?
A．Generus. B．Dutiful.
C．Hnest. D．Cautius.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和第四段中的“We felt a mral duty t d this”可推知，邮局不辞辛劳地寻找收信人，说明邮局是尽职的，即Dutiful，故选B。
4．What can we learn frm what Klnvska said?
A．Klnvska refused a suitr.
B．Klnvska stpped the wedding.
C．The undelivered letter ruined the relatinship.
D．The undelivered letter made little difference t her.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段Klnvska的话“S gd that the letter didn’t matter much.The lss was nt life-changing”可知，那封未送达的信对Klnvska没有什么太大的影响。故选D。
B
In 2010，Barack Obama was t pay a visit t Mumbai’s Gandhi Museum，where palm(棕榈)trees full f me dtted the grunds.The president knew me well—ccnuts(椰子) are a part f life in Indnesia，where he spent his byhd.Befre his visit，Indian authrities，hwever，remved every last sign f me arund the museum.They were afraid the president f the United States wuld be taken ut by ne f me falling n his head.
Let’s get this ut f the way：My reputatin as the “killer fruit”f cuntless inncents was then and still is a misbelief.A repeatedly misinterpreted 1984 study verstated the number f deaths I caused by hitting peple n the head，and the wrd spread.Tday，the nly things abut me “t die fr” are the smetimes t-delicius fds yu humans make with me，such as ckies and pies.A decade ag，health experts briefly gave me a hal because sme f my fats may raise beneficial chlesterl(胆固醇)．But ask a heart dctr tday and they’ll tell yu that ccnut il will raise yur bad chlesterl as much.Death by ccnut，indeed!
Peple have ther wrng ideas abut me.But allw me t leave yu with a sweet presidential tale.A Wrld War Ⅱ bat cmmanded by ne Jhn F．Kennedy was destryed in 1943 by a Japanese warship.Kennedy and his surviving crew were stuck n an island.They were suffering frm hunger，thirst and injuries when they met tw friendly native cast-watchers.Kennedy scratched a message int a ccnut shell：“NAURO SMALL ”
The cast-watchers delivered this successfully and all the crew were saved.Years later，the ccnut shell was given t the newly elected president.It sat n his ffice desk thrughut his presidency and nw is a center-piece f the Jhn F．Kennedy Library in Bstn—as the prf that we ccnuts dn’t take lives，we save them.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了椰子作为一种被人们误解的水果，其实大有用途。)
5．Why did Indian fficials get rid f “me”？
A．T reduce Obama’s fear.
B．T avid unexpected injuries.
C．T shw their welcme traditin.
D．T fllw the request frm the US.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，印度官员除去“我”是为了避免给奥巴马总统造成意外伤害。故选B。
6．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrds in paragraph 2?
A．Thught little f me.
B．Did great damage t me.
C．Made me well-knwn.
D．Brught me a gd name.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，椰子的名声不好。再结合画线句子可知，十年前，健康专家曾短暂地给“我”hal，因为“我”的一些脂肪可能会提高有益的胆固醇。由此猜测，相对于以前的坏名声，十年前健康专家给了“我”一个好名声。give me a hal意为“给我一个好名声”。故选D。
7．Hw des the authr sund in the passage?
A．Amusing. B．Anxius.
C．Cncerned. D．Rmantic.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章以第一人称用椰子的口吻讲述自己的故事，让人听起来很有趣。故选A。
8．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T shw a new discvery.
B．T crrect peple’s misbelief.
C．T tell the histry f ccnuts.
D．T describe a successful rescue.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段第一句和最后一段的“as the prf that we ccnuts dn’t take lives，we save them”可推知，本文的目的是为了纠正人们对椰子的误解。故选B。
C
If yu’ve ever felt a rush f intense emtin，then yu’ve prbably als experienced the crash that cmes when thse emtins gradually becme less strng.Althugh we usually think f exhaustin(精疲力竭) in physical terms，it can als be mental.One f the cntributrs t mental exhaustin is high-intensity emtins.T many f these high-intensity emtins，whether they are psitive r negative，can lead t burnut.
Psychlgists divide emtins int tw dimensins，which include high and lw intensity，as well as psitive and negative.High-intensity psitive emtins include excitement r elatin，while lw-intensity psitive emtins include calmness，r cntentment.When it cmes t negative emtins，high-intensity emtins include anger，anxiety，and fear，while lw-intensity emtins include sadness，bredm，and tiredness.
It’s easy t see hw high-intensity negative emtins like anger can be exhausting.What we dn’t think abut as much is the fact that high- intensity psitive emtins are als exhausting，althugh in a way that feels very different.
Excitement，even when it is fun，invlves what psychlgists call “physilgical arusal”—activatin f ur sympathetic system.High-intensity psitive emtins invlve the same physilgical arusal as high-intensity negative emtins.Our heart rate increases，and ur sweat glands(腺) activate.Because it activates the bdy’s stress respnse，excitement can deplete ur system when sustained ver lnger perids.In ther wrds，high intensity—whether it’s frm negative states r psitive states—exhausts the bdy.
Abut 15%－20% f peple are thught t be highly sensitive.As they cycle thrugh the highs and lws f life，the increased amunt f intensity leaves them mre exhausted than thers.
This isn’t t say that we shuld never feel intense emtins.Emtinal variety is an essential aspect f life，ne that adds a depth and richness that we need.Hwever，what we need t be mindful f is balance.There will be the exciting days，as well as the days when stress and anxiety are what push yu thrugh the tugh times，but there are ther，lwer-intensity emtins that will serve us well in many ther situatins.
9．What’s the main idea f paragraph 2?
A．The functins f emtins.
B．The definitin f emtins.
C．The categries f emtins.
D．The expressin f emtins.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，这一段主要讲述情绪的分类。故选C。
10．What des the underlined wrd “deplete” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Set ff. B．Build up.
C．Stand fr. D．Burn ut.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句可知，高强度的情绪会让身体疲惫不堪。由此推知，deplete应该是“使疲惫不堪”的意思，和D选项意思一致。故选D。
11．Hw can we manage the stress f high-intensity emtins?
A．Enrich ur daily lives.
B．Avid intense emtins.
C．Create emtinal balance.
D．Detect the cause f anxiety.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段前三句可知，我们可以通过创造情感平衡来解决高强度情感压力。故选C。
12．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Why Psychlgists Are Mre Exhausted
B．Hw High-intensity Emtins Wear Us ut
C．Why High-intensity Negative Emtins Are Tiring
D．Hw Psychlgists Explain the Effects f Emtins
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段最后一句可知，这篇文章主要讲述高强度情绪，无论是积极的还是消极的，都会导致人们精疲力竭。所以短文的最佳标题为“高度紧张的情绪如何让我们疲惫不堪”，故选B。
强化练(十) 词句猜测题(2)
A
Crew members f China’s Shenzhu  missin are scheduled t give a live lecture n Thursday afternn frm the rbiting Tiangng space statin t students arund the wrld，the China Manned Space Agency said n Mnday.
The three taiknauts—Majr General Zhai Zhigang，Senir Clnel Wang Yaping and Senir Clnel Ye Guangfu will shw viewers hw they live and wrk inside the space statin and will then carry ut experiments t display interesting physical phenmena in space such as “disappearing buyancy”and a “water ball”．They will als answer viewers’ questins at the end f the livestreamed event，the agency said.
The activity is intended t spread knwledge abut manned spaceflights and ignite enthusiasm fr science amng yung peple.The taiknauts “sincerely invite yung viewers t cnduct similar experiments alng with them t bserve the physical disparities between space and land envirnments t experience the fun f explratin”，the agency said.
The agency said last week that the lecture “will mark the launch f the Tiangng Class，China’s first extraterrestrial lecture series t ppularize space science”．It added that such lectures will be based n the cuntry’s manned spaceflights and will be presented by taiknauts.Featuring interactive teaching，the activities will be mainly targeted at yungsters as the students n the grund were able t cmmunicate with the three taiknauts in real time during the class.
The Shenzhu  missin was launched n Oct.16 by a Lng March 2F carrier rcket that blasted ff frm the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in nrthwestern China’s Gbi Desert，with the crew sn entering the Tiangng statin.They are scheduled t spend six mnths wrking in the statin，making it China’s lngest manned space missin.
The agency said that as a natinal space-based labratry，Tiangng is als tasked with prmting and prpagating science and technlgy knwledge.The rbiting utpst has abundant，unique educatinal resurces and basts advantages when it cmes t encuraging the public，especially yung peple t embrace science and space explratin，it said.
1．Hw many parts des the lecture include?
A．1. B．2.
C．3. D．4.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，讲课包括三个部分。故选C。
2．What des the underlined wrd “disparities” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Inequalities. B．Differences.
C．Cmplicatins. D．Phenmena.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“between space and land envirnments t experience the fun f explratin”可知，宇航员们“真诚地邀请年轻观众和他们一起进行类似的实验，观察太空和陆地环境的物理差异，体验探索的乐趣”，由此推知，画线词意思是“差异”。故选B。
3．What’s the biggest characteristic f the lecture?
A．Hands-n.
B．Student-riented.
C．Experiment-fcused.
D．Interactive.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，这堂课最大的特点是互动性。故选D。
4．Which can be inferred frm the text?
A．Tiangng can becme a lng-term classrm in space.
B．All the space-based experiments can be dne n earth.
C．The Shenzhu  manned space missin is China’s lngest.
D．The lecture is designed t spark yuths’ enthusiasm fr science.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，“天宫”可以作为长期的太空教室。故选A。
B
When kids melt dwn in the middle f a crwded stre r at a hliday dinner with extended family，it can be extremely frustrating.But parents can help kids learn self-cntrl and teach them hw t respnd withut just acting n impulse(冲动)．
Teaching self-cntrl is ne f the mst imprtant things that parents can d fr their kids because these skills are sme f the mst imprtant fr success later in life.By learning self-cntrl，kids can make apprpriate decisins and respnd t stressful situatins in ways that can yield psitive utcmes.Fr example，if yu say that yu’re nt serving ice cream until after dinner，yur child may cry，plead，r even scream in the hpe that yu will give in.But with self-cntrl，yur child can understand that a temper tantrum(发脾气) means yu’ll take away the ice cream fr gd and that it’s wiser t wait patiently.
Difficult as it may be，resist the urge t yell when yu’re disciplining yur kids.Instead，be persistent and matter f fact.During a child’s meltdwn，stay calm and explain that yelling，thrwing a tantrum，and slamming drs are unacceptable behavirs that have cnsequences.Yur actins will shw that tantrums wn’t get kids the upper hand.Fr example，if yur child gets upset in the grcery stre after yu’ve explained why yu wn’t buy candy，dn’t give in—thus demnstrating that the tantrum was bth unacceptable and ineffective.Als，cnsider speaking t yur child’s teachers abut classrm settings and apprpriate behavir expectatins.Ask if prblem-slving is taught r demnstrated in schl.
And mdel gd self-cntrl yurself.If yu’re in an annyed situatin in frnt f yur kids，tell them why yu’re frustrated and then discuss ptential slutins t the prblem.Fr example，if yu’ve misplaced yur keys，instead f getting upset，tell yur kids the keys are missing and then search fr them tgether.If they dn’t turn up，take the next cnstructive step.Shw that gd emtinal cntrl and prblem-slving are the ways t deal with a difficult situatin.
5．What is the main idea f paragraph 2?
A．Impulsive respnses lead t frustratin.
B．Kids’ melting dwn is a cmmn phenmenn.
C．Parents shuld help kids make decisins apprpriately.
D．Teaching kids self-cntrl is a must fr their future success.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲述自控力对于孩子未来的成功很重要，故选D。
6．What is the parents’ best attitude twards a child’s meltdwn?
A．Firm and factual.
B．Calm and tlerant.
C．Cautius and bjective.
D．Annyed and disapprving.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，家长需要坚持教育孩子自控的重要性，此外，家长需要就事论事，从实际角度考虑，故选A。
7．Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined part in paragraph 3?
A．Emtinal utburst is unexpected behavirs.
B．Kids shuldn’t be respnsible fr their behavirs alne.
C．Temper lss wn’t give the kids a psitin f advantage.
D．Tantrums are ineffective in interpersnal cmmunicatins.
答案 C
解析 句意理解题。根据第三段第三句和第五句可知，我们想要孩子知道的是，发脾气是不可接受也是无效的。由此猜测，画线句子意为“发脾气对孩子没有好处”。故选C。
8．What message is cnveyed in the last paragraph?
A．Slw and steady wins the race.
B．Gd example is the best sermn.
C．Experience is the mther f wisdm.
D．Success cmes frm thrugh self-cntrl.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这一段在讲作为家长，我们也需要塑造好自己的自控力，在孩子面前做好榜样，即好的榜样是最好的说教。故选B。
C
(2022·福建福州质检)
When I stepped int the Samcheng Park Library in Seul，I saw the future.The simple building had a nice selectin f bks and a cafe where readers culd enjy cffee while gazing at the leaves utside.It was specifically designed withut any latest technlgy.
“What’s s innvative abut that？” a librarian in Trnt asked when I shwed her pictures.Innvatin t her meant digital technlgy，like 3D printers.“Why culdn’t they bth be innvative？” I asked.
We are cnstantly tld that innvatin is the mst imprtant frce in ur ecnmy，withut which we wuld be left behind.But that fear f missing ut has led us t fall int the false trappings f innvatin ver truly innvative ideas that may be simpler and mre effective.This mindset implies that if yu just buy the new thing，yu have innvated! Each year，businesses and individuals run arund like brken ty rbts，trying t figure ut their strategy fr the latest buzzwrd equipment.
At best，this is a waste f resurces.Devices are bught，used and abandned，as the technlgy’s capabilities fall shrt f its prmise.But at its wrst，this apprach can truly cause damage.Schls cut field trips t purchase tablets with few prven benefits.Cmpanies that applied AI int hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.
True innvatin isn’t just sme magic devices.It is a cntinuing prcess f reflectin and reassessment，which ften means adpting “ld”ideas and tls in a new cntext，r even returning t methds that wrked in the past.Adjusted prperly，these rearview(后视的) innvatins have prved as transfrmative as nvel technlgies.
Lk n farther than the streets f New Yrk，which have been redesigned recently t accmmdate cyclists with car-free znes.The idea isn’t new.It was created half a century ag，with the aim f bringing cities back t their residents.And while e-reader sales have been explding，Penguin just annunced it wuld publish tiny printed bks，an ideal slutin fr a market demanding bth cnvenience and physicality.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是什么是真正的创新。)
9．Why is a librarian mentined?
A．T set an example.
B．T cite an authrity.
C．T make a predictin.
D．T present an argument.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“What’s s innvative abut that？ t her meant digital technlgy，like 3D printers.”可知，作者对创新的看法和这位图书管理员不一致，因此提到图书管理员的目的是为了提出论点，即到底什么是真正的创新，故选D。
10．What des the underlined “buzzwrd” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Fashinable. B．Affrdable.
C．Practical. D．Imaginative.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句可知，很多人认为如果买了新的东西，就意味着创新了，因此每年，企业和个人都试图为最新的时髦设备制定策略，因此画线词buzzwrd的意思是“时髦的”，即Fashinable，故选A。
11．What des the writer agree with abut innvatin?
A．Wasted resurces lead t innvatin.
B．Magic devices encurage innvatin.
C．Innvatin shuld be human-centered.
D．The pwer f technlgy is undervalued.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句以及最后一段的内容可知，作者认同创新要以人为本，故选C。
12．What is prbably the best title f the text?
A．Innvatin Is Nt That Expensive
B．Future Lies in Returning t the Past
C．Sme Best Ideas Are in the Rearview Mirrr
D．Innvatin：the Mst Imprtant Frce in Ecnmy
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段可知，本文主要论述的是什么是真正的创新，即用过去的方法，根据环境进行反思和重新评估，也就不会那么昂贵，故选A。语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了一款最新的机器人真空吸尘器，这款吸尘器价格非常昂贵，即使搞活动打折也比同类产品贵，但是易操作，实用性强，尤其是适用于老人。
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是今年夏天，维尔纽斯郊区的一家前邮局的一堵墙被拆掉时发现了18封很久以前发出的信，邮局工作人员很负责任地花了数月时间寻找合适的收信人。
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述高强度情绪，无论是积极的还是消极的，都会使人精疲力竭。
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。中国载人航天局周一表示，周四下午，“神舟十三号”任务的机组人员将在天宫空间站为世界各地的学生进行现场授课。文章介绍了授课的内容、活动的目的以及重要意义。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。主要讲了对孩子而言培养自控力的重要性以及身为家长应该怎么做。