人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists一课一练

UNIT 1　Period Four

基础练

Ⅰ．单词拼写　

1．People of my generation who lived through World War Ⅱ have __________(生动的) memories of confusion and incompetence.

2．The teacher concluded from the evidence that Amy was wrong. And his __________(结论) proved to be right.

3．We’ll __________(倒出) about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass.

4．The police don’t know who committed the crime, but they __________(怀疑) Johns.

5．We can __________(改变) the world with our knowledge.

6．The group flourished under her firm ________(领导).

7．If you experience engine trouble，you take your car to a __________(机械师).

8．Some people say beauty itself is ________(抽象的). Do you agree?

9．This __________(概念) is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings.

10．A birdwatcher，armed with a __________(望远镜)，found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.

【答案】1．vivid　2．conclusion　3．pour　4．suspect　5．transform　

6．leadership　7．mechanic　8．abstract　9．concept　10．telescope　

Ⅱ．单句语法填空　

1．All the people，men and women，young and old，were fighting against the flood in ________(defend).

2．Even if you are a ________(gift) man，you should not take your gift for granted.

3．One of the ________(astronomer) was looking at the moon through his telescope when he got a big surprise.

4．Her eyes were shining ________(brilliant)，but soon her face lost its colour.

5．He told stories so ________(vivid) that all the people there were listening attentively.

【答案】1．defence　2．gifted　3．astronomers　4．brilliantly　5．vividly　

Ⅲ．短语填空　

make any sense; look into; draw a conclusion; be linked to; apart from　

1．He is easy to get along with. ____________________ that, he is a determined boy.

2．The television camera ____________________ a computer.

3．From what is said above, we can _____________________ that computers are more a blessing than a disaster.

4．It does not ____________________ to buy that expensive coat when these are cheaper.

5．We’ll ____________________ the matter first before coming to a decision.

【答案】1．Apart from　2．was/is linked to　

3．draw a conclusion 　4．make any sense　5．look into　

Ⅳ．完成句子　

1．____________________, the little girl was only crying, saying nothing.

当被问到她是来自哪里时，这个小女孩只是哭，什么也不说。

2．The Great Wall was built to _____________________  foreign invaders.

长城用来保护国家不受外国侵略者的侵略。

3．This is _____________________ in the future.

这就是我们在未来的生活中的样子。

【答案】1．When asked where she was from

2．defend the country against　

3．what our life will be like

提升练

完形填空　

(2023·河北邢台高二上学期第一次月考)　

Almost all scientists failed many times before they finally succeeded. In their scientific work，they were all strict with themselves. When they first__1__their ideas，they were always rejected. __2__, they did not give up. It was their perseverance that made them successful.

A(n)__3__ theory is the result of the scientific method. Scientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they see. First they carefully observe what they are__4__in. To explain what they have seen，they build a theory about the way in which things happen and the causes and effects. Then they were__5__ in their work. Finally, the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can__6__ future events.

In fact，every new thought or idea has to be linked to what we already knew. Great thinkers or scientists are aware of this and try to__7__new and old ideas in __8__many different ways as possible. Some of the greatest scientists forced themselves to develop new ideas even when they tired or did not feel__9__. They all knew that for each new idea that works，there are __10__ ten that do not.

If we want to develop our__11__，we can try using some of the thinking strategies(策略) of the great and famous. We may not be interested in becoming __12__，but we probably all want to find new ways to improve our__13__. Who knows，perhaps your next thought will be a new idea that changes the world？So we should be well prepared to meet __14__ in new life now and try our best to make great__15__ to our future society.

(　　)1．A．put up　　 　  B．put on　

C．put aside D．put forward　

(　　)2．A．So B．Therefore　

C．However D．But　

(　　)3．A．scientific B．certain

C．sure D．expert　

(　　)4．A．curious B．interested　

C．cautious D．characteristic　

(　　)5．A．absorbed B．devoted　

C．focused D．centered　

(　　)6．A．see B．watch　

C．notice D．foresee　

(　　)7．A．construct B．expose　

C．analyse D．combine　

(　　)8．A．as B．than　

C．so D．such　

(　　)9．A．puzzled B．inspired

C．bored D．confused

(　　)10．A．at most B．at last　

C．at least D．in the least　

(　　)11．A．creativity B．conclusion　

C．enquiry D．chart　

(　　)12．A．artists B．scientists　

C．professors D．teachers　

(　　)13．A．life B．level　

C．universe D．sense　

(　　)14．A．conflicts B．challenges　

C．clues D．announcements　

(　　)15．A．contributions B．efforts　

C．arrangements D．preparations　

【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了科学家的每一个促进社会发展的新思想和新理论都是经过严格的实践验证和无数次失败形成的。

1．D　句意：当科学家最初提出他们的思想时，总是受到排斥。put up“举起，张贴，安排住宿”；put aside“忽视，把……放在一边”；put on“穿上，上演”；put forward“提出”。根据句意选D。

2．C　根据语境可知，此处表示转折，且有逗号隔开，所以用however。

3．A　由下文“scientific method”可知，此处是“scientific theory”，意为“科学理论是科学方法研究的结果”。

4．B　be curious about…“对……感到好奇”；be interested in…“对……感兴趣”；be cautious of…“小心谨慎……”；be characteristic of…“表现了……特征”。根据后面的介词in可知选B。

5．A　句意：然后他们专注于他们的工作。 be absorbed in“专心致志于，集中精力于”。B项与to搭配；C和D项与on搭配。

6．D　根据下文的future可知，此处是预见未来事件。foresee“预见；预测”。

7．D　根据上文“every new thought or idea has to be linked to what we already knew”可知，“每一种新想法与我们所了解的有联系”，所以我们要把新旧思想结合起来。combine…and…“使结合(联合)”。

8．A　as many as possible意为“尽可能多地”。

9．B　由上文“when they tired”以及or后面的“did not feel”可知，空格处是一个与tired相反意义的词。inspired “有灵感的”。

10．C　句意：科学家都知道，伴随着每一种正确的新思想，至少有十种想法是不正确的。根据句意选C。

11．A　句意：如果我们也想发展我们的创造力，应该尝试使用一些伟人或名人的思想策略。根据句意选A。

12．B　根据上文讲述的内容可知此处是成为科学家。

13．A　句意：我们或许不想成为科学家，但是我们可能会想办法改善我们的生活。所以答案选A。

14．B　conflict“冲突”；challenge“挑战”；clue“线索”；announcement“宣告，宣布”。此处表示迎接新生活的挑战。

15．A　make contribution to…“对……做贡献”；make effort to do…“努力做……”；make arrangement for…“为……做安排”；make preparation for…“为……做准备”。句意：尽最大努力为未来社会做贡献，根据句意选A。