新高考英语二轮复习题型专练03 高频语法之动词的时态（语态）与语法填空(含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练03 高频语法之动词的时态（语态）与语法填空(含解析)，共22页。

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）03
高频语法之动词的时态（语态）与语法填空
【技法总结】
高频考点一 时态与语态
【高考试题再现】
语法填空
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school
(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. . . ”
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.  
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government
(start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons.
6. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years.  
答案：1. managed 2.comes 3. is 4. has grown  5. started 6.have made
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
1. 明晰高考考查类型:
动词的时态和语态题, 大致可分为以下3种类型:一是题干中提供时间状语, 考生可直接根据所给的时间状语作出答案。二是提供的时间状语有较强的干扰性和迷惑性, 考生不能直接据此进行答题;三是题干中不提供任何时间状语, 而是给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子, 考生必须仔细分析语境, 才能作出最佳答案。
2. 掌握独特的时间状语标志
(1)看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等要想到用一般现在时;
(2)看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day等要想到用一般过去时;
(3)看到since, so far, up to now, in the last/past few years等要想到用现在完成时。
注意:如果题干中没有时间标志词, 而是有两个或两个以上的谓语动词, 这时我们应该将两个动词动作发生的时间进行比较, 依据动词发生的时间先后, 确定正确的时态。
3. 熟记固定句型中的时态
(1)be doing. . . when. . . , 主句常用过去进行时, 从句常用一般过去时;
(2)It is/has been+时间段+since. . . 表示“自从……以来已经……”, 主句用现在完成时或一般现在时, 从句用一般过去时;
(3)祈使句+and/or+陈述句, 陈述句常用一般将来时。
4. 分清主动被动, 辨析语态
看到动词为及物动词, 后面缺少宾语要想到用被动语态。
【重点知识提示】
一、一般现在时与一般过去时
一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年必考的语法项目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。
1．一般现在时
(1)表示习惯性、经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如usually、often、always、sometimes、every day等。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.
周一早上我通常花一小时开车上班。
(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。
(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为，只限于go、come、leave、start、stop、arrive、begin、return、open、close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。
My dream school starts at 8: 30 am and ends at 3: 30 pm.
我梦想的学校上午八点半上课，下午三点半放学。
(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed.
即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
2．一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday、last year、the other day等时间状语连用；也可表示过去习惯性的动作。
(2)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。
He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
(3)有些句子，虽然没有明确地表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know、think、expect、want等。
Edward, you play so well. But I didn't know you played the piano.
爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
二、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时
1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行着的动作或存在的状态。
—I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like?
—Well, it's very hard work and I'm always tired, but I don't mind.
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
(2)某些表示位置转移的动词，如：come、go、leave、arrive、start、move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
2．过去进行时
(1)表示过去某时正在发生的动作，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作；也可表示过去某个时间段内一直在进行的动作。
I walked slowly through the market, where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
我慢慢地走过市场，市场里人们在卖各种各样的水果和蔬菜。我认真地研究了价格之后，买了些我所需要的。
(2)短暂性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排要做的事。
I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候来看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
(3)现在进行时和过去进行时与always、constantly、continually、forever等副词连用，表示说话人对某种行为的赞赏、厌烦、不满等情绪。
He was always changing his mind.
他总是改变主意。
3.将来进行时
表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。
I'll be doing jobs about the house tomorrow.
明天我要干些家务活。
三、完成时态
1.现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与lately、recently、so far、by now、up to/till now、in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。
Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
到目前为止，工作进展得很顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。
(2)表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
—Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years.
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)现在完成时用于以下句型
①It is/has been＋时间段＋since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”。
It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.
自我从这个大学毕业已经10年了。
②This/It/That is the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句要用现在完成时。
This is the first time that I have visited Beijing.
这是我第一次游览北京。
[提醒]　注意避免思维定式：一看到“for＋时间段”，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境是强调“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
My uncle lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.
我叔叔在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。
2．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，强调“过去的过去”之意。常与by、before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。
By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely.
到去年年底，我们已彻底完成了该项目。
(2)表示意向的动词，如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.
我本打算帮你的，但当时我太忙了。
(3)用过去完成时的固定句型
①This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句要用过去完成时。
②hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
3．现在完成进行时
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.
数日来孩子们一直在寻找我们能帮助的人。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer.
今早我给他打了数次电话，但仍未打通。
四、一般将来时和过去将来时
1.一般将来时
(1)“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上要发生的事情或临时做出的决定。
I hope you will behave properly at the funeral.
我希望你在葬礼上做到得体有礼。
(2)一般将来时的其他形式及用法
①“be going to＋动词原形”表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可表示已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某事。
Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子、女儿们一起游览北京。
②“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、约定、禁止、可能性等。
The lecture is to be delivered at the hall.
讲座将在大厅举办。
③“be about to＋动词原形”或“be on the point of＋名词/动名词”表示快要发生的动作，但不能与确切的时间状语连用。
Walk up! Walk up! The performance is about to begin.
快过来！快过来！表演马上开始了。
2．过去将来时
(1)“should/would＋动词原形”，表示从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。
Yesterday, he said he would come to the meeting.
昨天，他说他将要参加那个会议。
(2)过去将来时也可用“was/were going to＋动词原形”及“was/were to＋动词原形”及“was/were about to＋动词原形”表示。
I thought the film was going to be interesting.
我以为这部电影会比较有趣。
五、被动语态
1.被动语态的构成(以do为例)
时
体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is/am/
are done
was/were
done
will/shall
be done
would/should
be done
进行
is/am/
are being
done
was/were
being done
—
—
完成
have/has
been done
had been
done
will/shall
have been
done
would/should
have been done
2.不能用于被动语态的动词及短语
(1)某些及物动词(短语)：have(有)、hold(抓住)、cost(花费)、lack(缺乏)、belong to(属于)、own(拥有)、suit(适合)、fit(适合)。
(2)某些不及物动词(短语)：happen/take place/occur (to)(发生)、remain(剩下)、break out(爆发)、last(持续)、come out(出版)、come up(被提出)、lose heart(失去信心)、date back to/date from(追溯到)、run out(用完)。
The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains now.
这座宫殿在20世纪曾三次失火，现在，最初的建筑物所剩无几。
3．主动形式表被动意义
(1)连系动词smell、taste、sound、look、prove、turn等后接形容词做表语时。
(2)表示主语特征或功能的词，如cut、catch、clean、draw、read、sell、write、wash等与well、badly、easily、smoothly等副词连用时。
(3)少数其他动词，如open、close、lock、move、keep常与won't、wouldn't连用时。
The door won't close, I think.
我认为这个门关不上。
(4)表示“开始”“结束”的词，如start、begin、finish、end等。
高频考点二 情态动词与助动词
【高考试题再现】
语法填空
1. (2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.
2. (2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved.
3. (2018·北京高考)In today’s information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.
4. (2018·北京高考)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.  
答案：1. can 2.had 3.can 4. had driven
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
语法填空题目中一般没有直接考查此语法项目。
1. 若句中谓语动词为原形, 在其前设纯空格题时, 注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构
填入恰当的情态动词;
2. 一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语, 就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态, 除了if虚拟条件句, 还应注意虚拟语气的标志词, 如suggest, would rather, as if, wish, otherwise, or, but for等。
【重点知识提示】
一、情态动词的基本用法
1.情态动词近几年常考点
总结近几年高考语法填空对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点：
(1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。
(2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
(3)该用过去式时没用，有过去式的情态动词有：can→could、may→might、shall→should、will→would、have to→had to、dare→dared。
2．情态动词的基本用法
(1)can/could
①表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)；②相关的特殊句型有：can not ... too .../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事)、can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。
(2)may/might
①表较小的可能性；②表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是……好；最好……”；may well do表示“很可能”；③may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。
May you succeed.祝你成功。
(3)must
①表示非常肯定的推测；②表“偏要；非要……不可”；
③mustn't意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn't。
(4)shall的用法
①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。
(5)should/ought to
①should表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”；②ought to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。
(6)will/would
①表意志或意愿；②表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”；③表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。
(7)need和dare
need“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
二、情态动词表推测的用法
must
肯定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
一定；肯定
Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong－willed man.
can
(could)
疑问句，否
定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
可能，能够
It can't be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
may
(might)
肯定句、否
定句
一般时、进行时、完成时
也许，可能
—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it.
should
(ought
to)
肯定句、否定句
一般时、完成时
确定或期待，应该
I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
三、虚拟语气的用法
1.if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件
从句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现
在情况
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
表示过
去情况
had＋过去分词
should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
表示将
来情况
should＋动词原形
should/would/could/might＋动词原形
动词过去式
were to＋动词原形
·If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.
如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。
·If you had come earlier, you couldn't/wouldn't have missed the bus.
如果你早点儿来，你就不会错过那班公共汽车了。
·If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.
如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。
[提示]　(1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should、were或had，可以把if省略，把should、were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。
(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。
(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without、or、otherwise、but for等词或短语来表示。
2．should＋do ...结构的虚拟语气
一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order、command、require、request、demand、advise、suggest (建议)、propose、recommend、insist (坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“should＋动词原形”来表示，同样，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。
·Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.
你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。
3．wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时，谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/might＋动词原形”。
·I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket.
我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
4．would rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
5．It is (high/about) time (that) ...意为“是……的时候了”，that从句谓语要用虚拟语气。从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去时；另一种是用“should＋动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。
·It's high time that we got/should get down to working.
该我们着手工作的时候了。
6．if only从句中的虚拟语气
if only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。
7．as if、as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
·It seems as though it were spring already.
看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)
【专题训练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I felt butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy class ten years ago. I wondered what I was doing there. At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best 1. (choose) of my life.
I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft. Then 2. was the first time for me that I had tried my hand. I took up the brush, using the correct gesture, 3. (dip) it in the ink, and carefully wrote "one" 4. Chinese.
Over 5. past five years, I have learned to make versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge, 6. connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(笔画) by stroke, word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned 7. (appreciate) my daily life.
Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby, 8. a way to remove myself from the worries of life. Rolling out the paper, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy 9. (able) me to balance my busy schedule and live 10. (peace).
【答案】
1. choices
2. it
3. dipped
4. in
5. the
6. which
7. to appreciate
8. but
9. enables
10. peacefully
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者从初上书法课的迷茫，到书法课成为自己身边必不可少的一部分的心理历程。
1. 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，one of the best后加名词复数，表示“最好的……之一”，故填choices。
2. 考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，it is/was the+序数词+time that是固定句型，意为“这是第几次……”，故填it。
3. 考查时态。句意：我拿起画笔，用正确的手势蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。结合句意可知，句中的三个动作take up, dip, write是连贯的、并列的，故时态一致，故填dipped。
4. 考查介词。句意：小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，表示“用……门语言”用介词in，故填in。
5. 考查冠词。句意：在过去的五年里，我学会了翻译一些著名的诗歌。over the past five years意为“在过去的五年里”，表示特指，故填the。
6. 考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词，在从句中作主语，先行词是a bridge，故填which。
7. 考查动词的固定结构。句意：我可以感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会欣赏我的日常生活。learn to do sth.意为“学做……”，故填to appreciate。
8. 考查并列连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。根据句意可知，not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。
9. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空处填时态，结合语境，此处用一般现在时，且主语是calligraphy，故填enables。
10. 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰动词live，故填peacefully。
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake11. (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 12. the cheeks. This is also common in France, 13. the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 14. universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,15. (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends16. (hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 17. (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 18. (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wouldn’t it be 19. (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 20. (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
【答案】
11. is considered
12. on
13. where
14. a
15. leaving
16. to hug
17. frightened
18. strangers
19. enjoyable
20. widely
【分析】
本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候方式。
11. 考查时态语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。
12. 考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on。故填on。
13. 考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。
14. 考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规律，universal开头是辅音因素，故填a。
15. 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。
16. 考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用不定式作表语。故填to hug。
17. 考查形容词。句意：拥抱总是让我很害怕，因为我不喜欢拥抱。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。
18. 考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。
19. 考查形容词。句意：有一个被广泛接受的问候代码不是很令人愉快吗?此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。
20. 考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese dragons（龙）are fictional creatures, a root of Chinese people who considered themselves as the descendants（后代）of dragons. Since their creation, Chinese dragons 21. （win）the deep love from Chinese people, because of 22. （they）strong power and symbolic meanings. They played 23. important role in the history of Chinese nation, politics, religion, culture and Chinese language and became a symbol of China and Chinese people.
Dragon is a belief of Chinese nation and a 24. （gold）Chinese element（元素）. When a person hears the name of dragon, China 25. （come）to his or her mind. As the strongest animal 26. （select）by Chinese people, dragon has the strongest power 27. helps it go to the Heaven and the Hell, and make cloud and rains. In ancient times, as a belief, dragon gave strong supports to the ruling of a big nation, and to people’s fragile spirits and hard life because people suffered from extreme natural disasters and lack 28. the supports from science. The 29. （important）of dragon to Chinese people is like water to creatures, and it 30. （reflect）in people’s spirit, beliefs, and ideology.
【答案】
21. have won
22. their
23. an
24. golden
25. comes/will come
26. selected
27. that
28. of
29. importance
30. is reflected
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了中国龙是虚构的生物，是中国人的根，他们认为自己是龙的后代。中国龙自诞生以来，以其强大的力量和象征意义赢得了中国人民的喜爱。他们在中华民族的历史、政治、宗教、文化和汉语中发挥了重要作用，成为中国和中国人民的象征。
21. 考查动词时态。句意：中国龙自诞生以来，以其强大的力量和象征意义赢得了中国人民的喜爱。根据上文Since their creation可知应用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，故填have won。
22. 考查物主代词。根据下文strong power and symbolic meanings可知应填形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填their。
23. 考查冠词。句意：他们在中华民族的历史、政治、宗教、文化和汉语中发挥了重要作用，成为中国和中国人民的象征。短语play an important role in“在……发挥重要作用”，故填an。
24. 考查形容词。句意：龙是中华民族的信仰，是中华民族的黄金元素。element为名词需要形容词修饰，故填golden“黄金的”。
25. 考查动词时态。句意：当一个人听到龙的名字，他或她的脑海中就会浮现出中国。根据上文When a person hears the name of dragon可知应用一般现在时，故填comes或用一般将来时填will come。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意：龙是中国人选择的最强壮的动物，它有最强大的力量帮助它进入天堂和地狱，制造云和雨。本句中select做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填过去分词selected。
27. 考查定语从句连接词。句意同上。本句为定语从句修饰先行词power且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故填that。
28. 考查固定短语。句意：在古代，龙作为一种信仰，为一个大国的统治提供了强有力的支持，也为人们遭受极端自然灾害和缺乏科学支持而脆弱的精神和艰难的生活提供了强有力的支持。短语lack of“缺乏”，故填of。
29. 考查名词。句意：龙对于中国人的重要性就像水对于生物一样，体现在人们的精神、信仰和意识形态上。根据上文the可知应填名词，短语the importance of“重要性”。故填importance。
30. 考查动词时态语态。句意同上。本句主语it与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填is reflected。
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you go out to the fields at night in spring or summer, you can hear frogs singing 31. （happy）here and there. It seems as if they were performing a field symphony（交响）
The frog is a good and useful creature that benefits human beings. They can catch fast-moving 32. （insect）. Each frog eats a large number of pests（害虫）that are harmful to crops. This little creature is regarded 33. “the natural enemy of pests” But now frogs 34. （get）fewer and fewer. This is 35. they are killed and put on the table as a delicious dish by their chief enemy, human beings. It is a shameless and cruel act, isn’t it？
The cause that is 36. （responsibility）for the rapid reduction of frogs is that farmers use insecticide（杀虫剂）to kill pests and frogs get killed as a result of 37. （eat）poison-killed insects.
Something must be done as soon as possible 38. （save）frogs. If we don’t punish those 39. sell and kill frogs to make money, then one day all of us 40. （punish）by nature for failing to keep them.
【答案】
31. happily
32. insects
33. as
34. are getting
35. because
36. responsible
37. eating
38. to save
39. who
40. will be punished
【分析】
本文为说明文。主要介绍了青蛙是一种有益的动物。但是由于人类的捕杀，现在青蛙越来越少了，所以我们必须尽快采取措施来拯救青蛙。
31. 考查副词。此处修饰singing应用副词。故填happily
32. 考查名词的数。句意：它们可以捕捉快速移动的昆虫。insect是可数名词，前面没有冠词，且根据句意可知，应使用复数形式。故填insects。
33. 考查介词。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”，是固定搭配。故填as。
34. 考查时态。句意：但是现在青蛙越来越少了。根据语境可知，此处应使用现在进行时，表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。故填are getting。
35. 考查连词。句意：这是因为它们被它们的主要敌人——人类杀死，并作为一道美味佳肴摆上餐桌了。This is because...这是因为…故填because。
36. 考查形容词。分析句子可知，is后面应跟形容词作表语。be responsible for“对…….负责”。故填responsible。
37. 考查动名词。介词of后应接动名词形式。故填eating.
38. 考查动词不定式。句意：为了拯救青蛙，必须刻不容缓地做些事情。不定式表目的。故填 to save。
39. 考查定语从句。分析句式可知此处为定语从句，先行词是those“那些人”，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导。故填who。
40. 考查时态和语态。根据If we don’t punish. .可知此处应用一般将来时，根据by可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be punished。
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 41. Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and 42. （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 43. （they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it 44. （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 45. （secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦霍人）Indians made this code 46. （base） on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 47. （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 48. （die）. The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 49. the Navajo language. And the code, 50. connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific.
【答案】
41. the
42. learned/learnt
43. their
44. had been broken
45. secrets
46. based
47. to keep
48. deaths
49. about
50. which
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。
41. 考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战，序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。
42. 考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。
43. 考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流，修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
44. 考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可知，美国人破解了密码，但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前，故本空应用过去完成时，且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故填 had been broken。
45. 考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密，秘密不可能是一个，应用复数 secrets。故填secrets。
46. 考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为“以……为基础”，本空应用过去分词based。故填based。
47. 考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”，本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。
48. 考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语，并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用名词复数。故填deaths。
49. 考查介词。根据语境可知，他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为“对……一无所知”，本空应介词 about。故填about。
50. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the code, 关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。故填which。
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last weekend, I was lucky enough 51. (tour) the World Heritage city of Pingyao in Shanxi province. The ancient city 52. (preserve) within the original city wall.
The highlight (最精彩部分) of our tour was a visit 53. the famous Qiao family compound (乔家大院), about 30 kilometers north of Pingyao. It was 54. the Chinese film Raise the Red Lantern was shot, directed by Zhang Yimou in 1991. We went in the evening and the warm, clear weather made it the perfect time to appreciate this 18th century marvel (奇迹) of Chinese architecture. Qiao Guifa started building 55. compound in 1756 during the Qing Dynasty.
Who was he? Qiao began life as a servant, 56. rose to become one of the most successful 57. (businessman) of the age. The large, splendid home he established 58. (have) six main courtyards, 20 smaller ones and 313 rooms in all. Qiao lived there with his family and dozens of servants, as did later generations of his family.
59. may surprise you to hear that one of the best parts of the trip was the hotel I stayed in. It was no 5-star place, but an authentic 18th century building. As I dropped off to sleep in the 60. (comfort) bed in my simple room, I felt as if I had traveled back to another century.
【答案】
51. to tour/to have toured
52. is preserved/has been preserved
53. to
54. where
55. the
56. but
57. businessmen
58. has/had
59. It
60. comfortable
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我在参观平遥古城时乔家大院给我留下了深刻的印象。
51. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上周末，我很幸运地参观了山西省的世界遗产平遥古城。be+adj+to do表示“做某事是……的”，也可以理解成非谓语表示的动作发生在was lucky之前，所以用不定式的完成式，故填to tour/to have toured。
52. 考查时态语态。句意：这座古城保留在原始的城墙之内。The ancient city 与preserve之间是被动关系，陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，也可以理解成为过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，故填is preserved/has been preserved。
53. 考查介词。句意：我们这次旅行最精彩的部分是参观了著名的乔家大院。a visit to表示“去……的参观”，故填to。
54. 考查表语从句。句意：1991年张艺谋导演的中国电影《大红灯笼高高挂》就是在这里拍摄的。分析句子结构可知此处为表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
55. 考查定冠词。句意：乔贵发在清朝1756年开始盖这个大院。compound在文中第二次出现，应该用定冠词表特指，故填the。
56. 考查连词。句意：乔贵发起初是一个仆人，但后来成长为那个时代最成功的商人之一。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。
57. 考查名词复数。句意同上，one of后接可数名词复数，故填businessmen。
58. 考查时态。句意：他盖的这座富丽堂皇的大院共有6个主要庭院，20个较小的庭院和313个房间。陈述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，也可理解成发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填has/had。
59. 考查形式主语。句意：听到旅行中最精彩的部分之一就是我入住的酒店，也许你会感到很惊讶。此处用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故填It。
60. 考查形容词。句意：当我在简朴的房间里躺在舒适的床上入睡时，我感到仿佛回到了另一个世纪。修饰名词bed用形容词，表示“舒适的”，故填comfortable。
7
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it 61. (much)! Five days of sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty 62. time for sightseeing and free moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun.
63. our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a 64. (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off 65. (play) a sport — these are just a few 66. (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having!
The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy67. (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL of their games! I found myself 68. (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to 69. airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We 70. (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping.
【答案】
61. more
62. of
63. After
64. comfortable
65. to play
66. examples
67. themselves
68. cheering
69. the
70. paid
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。短文叙事了上周作者去意大利进行橄榄球和曲棍球巡回赛，并叙述了这段旅行期间所做，所看。
61. 考查副词比较级。否定词+比较级表达最高级，意思是“再......也不为过”。所以空处填much的比较级more。故填more。
62. 考查介词。plenty of“许多”为固定短语，即可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。故填of。
63. 考查连词。分析句子可知，作者到了米兰之后，又上了一辆长途大巴车。所以本句为after引导的时间状语从句。故填After。
64. 考查形容词。comfortable为形容词修饰名词accommodation。故填 comfortable。
65. 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to play。
66. 考查名词复数。a few 修饰可数名词复数。故填examples。
67. 考查代词。 enjoy oneself“玩的很开心”为固定短语。故填themselves。
68. 考查现在分词。find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。
69. 考查冠词。airport为可数名词，在本句中表示特指，所以用定冠词the来修饰。故填the。
70. 考查一般过去时。and并列连接谓语动词enjoyed和paid。故填paid。
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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One Saturday afternoon，my mother was driving home. On the halfway，after pulling out her credit card to buy something at the store near the gas station，she put her wallet on 71. top of her car just for a moment 72. (answer) my phone call. And then obviously，she forgot and drove off. When arriving home，she realized that and thought the chance 73. getting it again was small.
She was so joyfully surprised when she found a note 74. (stick)on her door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier. Patrick and Catherine saw the wallet in the middle of the road a few blocks from the gas station. They stopped their car to pick it up. It was filled with all the things one75. (natural)kept in a wallet，some bills and some cash included. However，no phone number，regardless of this，they76. (manage)to get an address from my mother’s driving licence，and without hesitation，they decided to drive to our home to return it.
When my mother went to get her wallet，she was so 77. (relief) and grateful. She intended to give them some money as an 78. (express) of gratitude，but they refused，saying that they were just glad to offer my mother help.
They were honest，and they had firm faith in the Golden Rule as well. They drove to our home because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience79. the loss of a wallet and all its contents could cause. I think they were really80. (consider) and helpful.
【答案】
71. the
72. to answer
73. of
74. stuck
75. naturally
76. managed
77. relieved
78. expression
79. that/which
80. considerate
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者母亲丢失钱包，被好心人捡到归还的故事，赞扬乐于助人的精神。
71. 考查固定短语。句意：为了接我的电话，她把钱包只是放在车顶上一小会儿。分析句子可知， on the top of ……在……的顶端，顶部……。故填the。
72. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了接我的电话，她把钱包只是放在车顶上一小会儿。分析句子可知，to answer在这里是做目的状语，修饰前面的句子。故填 to answer。
73. 考查介词。句意：当到家的时候，她意识到，想再次找到它的机会很小。分析句子可知， 这里缺少的是修饰chance的定语，再根据句意，……的机会。故填 of。
74. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现贴在门上的便条时，她非常高兴，感到惊讶，有人说他和他的朋友几小时前找到了她的钱包。分析句子可知，stick on the door修饰note作定语，并和note是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。故填 stuck。
75. 考查副词。句意：里面装满了钱包里的所有东西，包括一些钞票和一些现金。分析句子可知，natural修饰kept做状语，因为副词修饰动词做状语。故填naturally。
76. 考查时态。句意：不过，没有电话号码，尽管这样，他们都设法从我母亲的驾照上找到地址，毫不犹豫地决定开车到我们家归还钱包。分析句子可知，manage在句中作谓语，整篇文章为一般过去时。故填managed。
77. 考查形容词。句意：当我母亲去拿她的钱包时，她感到非常欣慰和感激。分析句子可知，句中缺少表语，relief的形容词，人感到欣慰的是relieved。故填relieved。
78. 考查名词。句意：她想给他们一些钱表示感谢，但他们拒绝了，说他们只是很高兴为我母亲提供帮助。分析句子可知，介词as后应接名词作宾语。故填expression。
79. 考查定语从句。句意：他们开车到我们家，是因为他们意识到钱包和钱包里东西的丢失可能造成的不愉快和不安的经历。分析句子可知，experience后面跟了一个从句，此从句修饰experience做定语，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，应填关系代词。故填that/which。
80. 考查形容词。句意：我觉得他们真的很体贴也很乐于助人。分析句子可知，句子中缺少的是表语，根据句意，是体贴的。故填considerate。