新高考英语二轮复习题型专练13 议论文体类阅读理解(含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练13 议论文体类阅读理解(含解析)，共21页。

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）13
专练13 议论文体类阅读理解
【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。
【考试方向】
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。
议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：
写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为……
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。
写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。
议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
　　注意事项：
　　1. 避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)
　　2. 要先看题目，后读文章。(与先读文章，后看题目的比较)
　　高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。
　　3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
　　(1)标志类、指示类的信息。
　　①表示并列关系：and, also, coupled with等；
　　②表示转折关系：but, yet, however, by contrast等；
　　③表示因果关系：therefore, thereby, consequently, as a result等；
　　④表示递进关系：in addition to, even, what’s more, furthermore等；
　　⑤表示重要性的词：prime, above all, first等。
　　以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。
　　(2)具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), objective(客观)等。
　　4. 常见问题：
　　(1)读不懂怎么？
　　问题本身太空泛，应该仔细分析问题到底在哪儿。首先要能意识到自身问题所在。
　　unconscious incompetent (无意识无能力)属于问题认知的第一阶段；
　　conscious incompetent (有意识无能力)属于问题认知的第二阶段；
　　conscious competent (有意识有能力)属于问题认知的第三阶段；
　　unconscious competent (无意识有能力)属于问题认知的第四阶段。
　　从认知的第三阶段达到第四阶段，是一个反复熟练的过程。
　　(2)读懂了文章之后还做错题怎么办？
　　(3)做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么办？
　　(4)做题技巧用不上怎么办？
　　能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。
在课堂听明白之后，还需要回去自己思考，针对自己的实际进行分析，从而对症下药。
【得分要点】
解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
解题方法：
1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
【真题再现1】【2020·天津卷，D】
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A. propose a definition
B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion
D. present an argument
52. What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C. Creativity results from challenging authority.
D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
53. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A. Observe the unknown around you.
B. Develop a questioning mind.
C. Lead a life of adventure.
D. Follow the fashion.
54. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
55. What could be the best tile or the passage?
A. Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B. Reflections on Human Nature
C. The Keys to Achievement
D. Never Too Late to Learn
【答案】51. D 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
51.推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
52.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
53.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
54.推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第七段中的You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
55.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
【真题再现2】 【2020·江苏卷，D】
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A. Out of place. B. Full of joy. C. Sleepy. D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A. He learned more about the local language.
B. They had a nice conversation with each other.
C. They understood each other while playing.
D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A. The question was too straightforward.
B. Juan knew so little about the world.
C. The author didn’t know how to answer.
D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A. To sort out what we have known.
B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D. To learn more about local cultures.
69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B. They followed other scientists closely.
C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.
D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.
70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. The Possible and the Impossible .
B. The Known and the Unknown .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
【答案】65. A 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
65.推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often than not, didn’t entirely recognize the food. We couldn’t have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
66.细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
67.推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。
68.推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
69.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
70.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。
【题型演练】
1
It’s summertime. That means long hot days, no school--- and summer camps. Lots of kids spend at least some of the summer at camps. Some kids spend the whole year playing one sport. And what do they do during the summer? They go to a camp and keep playing that sport. So what’s wrong with that?
A study published in the journal Sports Health found that “for most sports, there is no evidence that intense (集中的) training and playing one sport before 13 or 14 are necessary to achieve elite (精英的)status.” How big is the risk of injury if you specialize in one sport? A Loyola University Chicago study of 1, 200 youth athletes found that kids who specialized in one sport were 70 percent to 93 percent more likely to be injured than multi-sport athletes. That’s a lot. Kids who specialize in one sport also get burned out. An Ohio State University study found that kids who played a single sport were more likely to quit their sport and be physically inactive as adults.
But don’t you have to specialize in one sport when you’re a kid to have a chance to play in college or be a professional? No! Sorry, but I have to talk about another study. This one was a survey of college athletes by the American Society of Sports Medicine. The study found that 88 percent of college athletes played more than one sport when they were kids.
Look at this year’s National Football League (NFL) draft, 26 of the 31 first- round picks, including Jared Goff, the player drafted ahead of all the others, had been multi-sport athletes in high school, according to Tracking Football. It wasn’t just the first round: 224 of the 256 draft picks had played more than one sport in high school. More than a third of the drafted players were three-sport athletes.
So if you are a year-round baseball kid, try soccer this summer. It will get you into great shape and help you move your feet in the field. Or if you’re a soccer kid, try tennis or rock climbing. Have some fun, and try something new. It’s summertime.
1. What’s the purpose of the author writing the text?
A. To invite more kids to play sports.
B. To inspire kids to play sports for fun.
C. To encourage kids to try more types of sports.
D. To give kids advice on becoming professional athletes.
2. What has the study in Sports Health found?
A. Playing one sport is suitable for adults.
B. Too much training doesn’t lift sport spirits.
C. 70%-93% kids get injuries from playing sports.
D. Kids’ sport specialization doesn’t promise future success.
3. What can we learn about NFL drafted players?
A. Most of them were multi-sport players.
B. They are college students.
C. They are professional athletes.
D. Most of them were summer-camping lovers.
4. Which of the following shows the structure of the text? (P---paragraph )
A. B. C. D.

【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。孩子们只玩一种运动项目有何弊端？作者在文中进行了阐述。
1. 推理判断题。文章首段为主题段。该段中的“They go to a camp and keep playing that sport. So what’s wrong with that? (他们去了一个营地，继续进行这项运动。那么这有什么错呢?)”呈现了作者的观点。再结合最后一段的“So if you are a year-round baseball kid, try soccer this summer.”（如果你是一个全年都打棒球的孩子，今年夏天试试足球吧！）和“Or if you’re a soccer kid, try tennis or rock climbing.”（如果你是踢足球的孩子，那么今年尝试一下网球或者攀岩）可推知，作者写此文是为了鼓励孩子们尝试多种运动项目。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“there is no evidence that intense training and playing one sport before 13 or 14 are necessary to achieve elite status.(没有证据表明在13岁或14岁之前进行高强度训练或只参加一项运动是成为精英的必要条件。)”可知，Sports Health上发表的研究表明：少年阶段专注于一项体育运动的训练并不能保证训练者取得优异的成绩。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Look at this year’s National Football League (NFL) draft, 26 of the 31 first- round picks, including Jared Goff, the player drafted ahead of all the others, had been multi-sport athletes in high school, according to Tracking Football. It wasn’t just the first round: 224 of the 256 draft picks had played more than one sport in high school. More than a third of the drafted players were three-sport athletes. (看看今年的美国国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)选秀，31个首轮选秀中有26个，包括先期选秀的贾里德·戈夫(Jared Goff)，都是高中时的多项目运动员。不仅仅是第一轮：256个被选中的球员中有224人在高中时参加过不止一项运动。超过三分之一的运动员是三项运动的运动员。)”可知，NFL选拔出的运动员，绝大多数都曾接受过多种运动项目的训练。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。文章首段作者以提问的方式抛出自己的观点：孩子们只玩一种运动项目有何弊端？第二、三、四段作者引用各种调查结果作为论据论证了自己的观点:孩子们应该尝试多种运动项目；最后一段作者向孩子们提出建议：从多种运动项目中寻找乐趣，总结了全文。文章遵循了“总--分--总”的结构。故选C。
2
At the World Economic Forum last month，President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum's proposal to plant one trillion（万亿）trees jo fight climate change. The trillion tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was "the most effective climate change solution to date".
If only it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming,but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars，lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels，to net zero by 2050.
Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion（偏离）.Worse still，it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example， in the Netherlands， you can pay Shell Group of Companies an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That's clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political， economic， technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.
There is no way that planting trees， even across the size of the United States， can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. But this uptake merely replaces carbon lost when forests were cleared in the first place， usually long ago. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past， but even a trillion trees can't store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate changes this century.
In a sharp counter argument to last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that "the claim that global tree restoration is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading".
5. What do we know about the trillion-tree idea?
A. It was published in a journal.
B. It was proposed last summer.
C. It was put forward by Trump.
D. It drew lots of public attention.
6. What paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. A drawback of the tree planting strategy.
B. An example of balancing carbon release.
C. An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell
D. A responsibility for politicians and economists.
7. What was Justin Gillis's attitude towards global tree restoration?
A. Reserved B. Opposed C. Hesitant D. Supportive
8. What is the best title for the text?
A. Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting
B. A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue
C. Planting Trees Won't Save the World
D. The Best Solution to Climate Change
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C
【解析】本文是议论文。作者不赞成“种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡议。作者认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速地大量减少碳排放。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was "the most effective climate change solution to date. ”可知，去年夏天，《科学》杂志上发表的一项研究得出结论说，种植这么多树是“迄今为止最有效的气候变化解决方案，“一万亿棵树”的观点因此受到了广泛关注。故选D。
6. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion (偏离）. Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster.”可知，作者认为，把植树作为解决气候变化的主要办法不是好的方法，因为这会将人们的注意力从那些应该为碳排放负责的人身上转移开来。由此可知，该段主要论述了以植树来解决气候问题的不足之处。故选A。
7. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段首句提到“In a sharp counter argument （尖锐的反驳）”，和“the claim that global tree restoration is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”. Justin Gillis发出警告：全球树木恢复是我们应对气候变化最有效的解决方案的说法在科学上是不正确的，而且是危险的误导。由此可以推断，Justin Gillis 对全球植树的提议是持反对态度的。故选B。
8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段提到美国总统Trump响应“种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡议；第二段提到“the only thing …is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels…”作者认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速地大量减少碳排放；第三段也提出观点“The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political,economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.” 作者认为阻止地球变暖的唯一方法是停止使用化石燃料；第四段提到观点“There is no way that planting trees… can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies.” 植树是不可能吸收工业社会释放的大量的碳；最后一段提出Justin Gillis的观点“global tree restoration is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”，认为全球树木恢复是最有效的解决气候问题的方法这一说法在科学上是不正确的，而且是危险的误导。由此可知，作者认为植树是不能解决全球气候问题的。文章标题应为“植树不能拯救世界。故选C。
3
We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on? A 20-year study conducted by Dr. Gilovich, a professor at Cormell University, reached a powerful and straightforward conclusion: don't spend your money on things.
The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out. We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm. We keep raising the bar and always look for an even better one. Possessions, by their nature, cause comparisons. We buy a new car and are thrilled with it until a friend buys a better one—and there's always someone with a better one. Most of us usually assume that the happiness we get from buying something will last as long as the thing itself. It seems intuitive(直觉的) that investing in something we can see, hear, and touch on a permanent basis delivers the best value. But it's not the case at all.
Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique. We are not our possessions, but we are the accumulation of everything we've seen, the things we've done, and the places we've been to. “Our experiences are a bigger part of ourselves than our material goods,” said Gilovich. “You can really like your material stuff. You can even think that part of your identity is connected to those things, but they remain separate from you. In contrast, your experiences really are part of you. We are the sum total of our experiences.”
Besides, we don't compare experiences in the same way that we compare things. It's hard to quantify the relative value of any two experiences, which makes them that much more enjoyable. And expectation of an experience causes excitement and enjoyment, while expectation of obtaining a possession causes impatience. Experiences are enjoyable from the very first moments of planning, all the way through to the memories you keep forever. The temporary happiness achieved by buying things can be regarded as “puddles(水坑) of pleasure.” In other words, that kind of happiness evaporates(蒸发) quickly and leaves us wanting more. Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.
9. The underlined phrase “peters out” can be replaced by_________________.
A. dies away B. is too little C. is not real D. costs too much
10. What does Gilovich think of experiences?
A. Experiences deliver less-lasting happiness than things.
B. Experiences can exist in our memory forever.
C. Our experiences take up all parts of ourselves.
D. Our experiences are what separate us from others.
11. It can be inferred from the passage that_________________.
A. experiences can be compared with each other
B. expecting an experience increases our feeling of anxiety
C. people are more likely to be impatient when buying things
D. spiritual wealth is the most valuable for us
12. Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. How can we gain happiness with money?
B. How can we make happiness last long?
C. Why should we spend money on experiences instead of things?
D. Why do experiences achieve permanent happiness than things?
【答案】9. A 10. D 11. D 12. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，作者论证说明了一个道理“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”。
9. 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句后一句提到“We get used to new possessions, and what once seemed exciting quickly becomes the norm.”（我们习惯了新拥有的东西，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就变成了常态。），即可推断出新拥有的东西，能够带来的快乐是短暂的 ，很快就会“消失”，peters out对应的同义词应是“die away”，故选A。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段提到“Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things. Experiences become a part of our identity. Everyone's experience is unique.”（吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。经历成为我们身份的一部分。每个人的经历都是独一无二的。）可知，吉洛维奇（Gilovich）认为经历是个人身份的象征，个人的经历形成与他人的区别，故选D。
11. 推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到“The trouble with things is that the happiness they provide peters out.” （问题是，事物所带来的快乐会逐渐消失。）及第三段首句提到“Gilovich has found that experiences deliver more-lasting happiness than things.”（吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。）及最后一段最后一句提到“Things may last longer than experiences, but the memories that remain are what matter most.”（事物可能比经历更持久，但留下的记忆才是最重要的。）可推断出，在作者的观点看来，事物可能留存的时间比经历更久，但是并不能带来长久的幸福，而经历留下的精神财富才是最重要的，故选D。
12. 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来的精神财富才是最重要的；再根据第一段首句，引出文章主题“We have to make certain our limited money is well spent. But what should we spend our money on?”（我们必须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应该把钱花在什么地方呢），所以本文主要想表达的主题是“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”，故选C。
4
Someone once said,‘ the poorest man on earth is not the man without money , but the men without a dream.’ This implies that the totality of a man's life is rooted in dreams.
I have never seen a successful man without a dream; in fact, for plans to cone to being it must first be imagined as a dream.Bringing one's dream to realization is one of the most powerful things anyone can do to be successful in life.However , we need to understand that to life there are designs and rules that cannot be broken or replaced;for instance, food has no substitute in our lives.Why? It is because we need food for energy to do work and growth.
Also, having dream is vital in making the most of our adventure in life.Have you ever wondered why each time success is discussed some names such as Bill Gate, Martin Luther King,Thomas Edison, Barrack Obana and others come to our minds?
We need to understand that all these men at one point in their lives had dreams, which they put into plans Greatness is never achieved in a day ; it first starts in the mind like a dream, before the carrier puts it into plans.Dream is the starting point of success.it is the beginning of any creation.Life without a dream is doomed io failure.Where there is no dream, there is no hope.Without a , dream , one's future is uncertain.
When then is dream? It can be described as the mental picture of a desired future.I believe there are two worlds; the physical world we can see and relate with, and the world that exists in the mind(imagined world).Concrete items existed first in imagined world before birthed in form of invention or otherwise.Everything that exists today ,was created twice.First in the mind and then processed into real or seen world.
Dream is, therefore, the currency and power of hope.Our dreams are much more important than our present circumstances, because they enable us to have ideas about the future.
13. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A. To give an example. B. To describe a dream.
C. To lead to the main topic. D. To attract reader’ attention.
14. Why does the author take the food for example?
A. It brings 1s energy to grow. B. It takes the place of a dream.
C. It helps us to live a successful life. D. It has the same function as a dream.
15. Why does the anther mention these successful people like Bill Gate in paragraph three?
A. They succeeded in business. B. They had their own dreams.
C. They set a good example to us. D. They liked adventuring in life.
16. What is the best title for the text?
A. I Have a Dream! B. No Dream, No Hope!
C. A Dream in Life Is Important! D. Success Starts with a Dream!
【答案】13. C14. D15. B16. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者在文章讲述了拥有梦想对人生的重要性。
13. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This implies that the totality of a man's life is rooted in dreams. (这意味着一个人的全部生活都植根于梦想。)”根据第二段“I have never seen a successful man without a dream; in fact, for plans to cone to being it must first be imagined as a dream.Bringing one's dream to realization is one of the most powerful things anyone can do to be successful in life.”我从未见过一个成功的人没有梦想;事实上，要实现计划，首先必须把它想象成一个梦想。实现梦想是每个人在生活中成功所能做的最有力的事情之一。可知，本段的作用是引出文章的主题。故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“However , we need to understand that to life there are designs and rules that cannot be broken or replaced; for instance, food has no substitute in our lives. Why? It is because we need food for energy to do work and growth. (但是，我们需要明白，对于生命来说，有一些设计和规则是不能被打破和替代的，比如，食物在我们的生活中是不可替代的。为什么?这是因为我们需要食物作为能量来工作和成长。)”可知，作者以食物为例，因为它和梦想有同样重要的作用。故选D项。
15. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“We need to understand that all these men at one point in their lives had dreams, which they put into plans Greatness is never achieved in a day ; (我们要明白，所有这些人在他们生命中的某个时刻都有梦想，并把梦想付诸计划；)”可知，作者在第三段提到了像比尔·盖茨这样的成功人士是想说明这些成功人士他们有自己的梦想。故选B项。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Someone once said,‘ the poorest man on earth is not the man without money , but the men without a dream.’ This implies that the totality of a man's life is rooted in dreams. (有人曾经说过：“世界上最贫穷的人不是没有钱的人，而是没有梦想的人。”这意味着一个人的全部生活都植根于梦想。)”以及最后一段中“Dream is, therefore, the currency and power of hope. Our dreams are much more important than our present circumstances, because they enable us to have ideas about the future. (因此，梦想是希望的货币和力量。我们的梦想比我们现在所处的环境重要得多，因为它们使我们能够对未来有想法。)”可知，本文主要讲述了拥有梦想对人生的重要性，因此本文的最佳标题是选项C“梦想很重要!”故选C项。
5
When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss.
Our age, what we might call the age of economics, is strongly influenced by two types of relationships that reflect the lives we are encouraged to lead. There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters. And there are entrepreneurial(商业的) relationships, those that we invest in, hoping they will bring us some return.
Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship. In Pleasure Friendships, he said, “Tt is not for their character that men love ready-witted people, but because they find them pleasant.” About the usefulness friendships, he said, “Those who love each other for their utility (效用) do not love each other for themselves, but because of some good which they get from each other.”
Although we benefit from our close friendships, these friendships are not a matter of calculable gain and loss. Consumer pleasures are lasting for only a limited time. They surround us for a short period and then they fade, like a drug. Entrepreneur friendship, when successful, leads to the victory of personal gain.
It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的). Friendships are not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. Shared experience, not just everyday amusement or advancement, is the true basis of friendship.
17. The author mentions his operation in the first paragraph to ______.
A. recall one of his best friends B. advise people to visit sick friends
C. introduce the topic of true friendship D. talk about the experience of surgery
18. Consumer relationships center on ______.
A. the sharing of joy and sorrow B. mutual support in times of trouble
C. personal gain or personal loss D. immediate pleasure
19. The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument by ______.
A. explaining three types of friendship B. discussing questions
C. analyzing causes and effects D. providing examples and facts
20. The author seems to support the idea that ______.
A. friendships are a matter of calculable gain or loss
B. there are no specific reasons for friendship
C. short-term pleasure is the center of friendship
D. everyday amusement is the true basis of friendship
21. The best title for the text would be ______.
A. Friendship in Modern Times B. Friendship in Economic Recession
C. Friendship in the Age of Economics D. Friendship in a Fast Paced Life
【答案】17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了经济时代的友谊。作者通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。
17. 目的意图题。根据第一段When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss.“当我17岁的时候，我因为一种疾病做了手术。手术后的第二天，我醒来发现我的一个朋友坐在我床对面的椅子上。关于他的来访我记得不太清楚了。但我不会忘记他那天来看我，在我注射吗啡的影响下，他在那里坐了不知道多久。我们从亲密的友谊中获益良多，但它不是一件可以计算得失的事情。”由此可知，作者在第一段提到了他的手术，是为了介绍真正友谊的话题。故选C。
18. 细节理解题。根据第二段中There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters.“还有消费者关系，我们参与其中是因为他们给我们带来快乐。他们专注于现在。真正重要的是能立即带来快乐。”由此可知，消费者关系以即时愉悦为中心。故选D。
19. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship.“亚里士多德认为有三种类型的友谊:愉悦的，有用的，和真正的友谊。”由此可知，作者试图通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。故选A。
20. 观点态度题。根据最后一段中Friendships are not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. “友谊也许不是没有理由的，但他们肯定没有那个特殊的理由。”由此可知，作者似乎支持友谊没有具体原因的观点。故选B。
21. 标题判断题。根据最后一段中It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的).“在一个我们每个人只能选择所有权、购物、竞争和发展的社会中，受到威胁的恰恰是非经济性质。当我们被引导去相信，没有显而易见的好处的友谊从经济意义上讲是非理性的时候，友谊就受到了威胁。”由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是《经济时代的友谊》。故选C。
6
Just as Thanos wiped out half of the universe’s population by clicking his fingers, so clicks of online shoppers have destroyed large numbers of once booming brick-and-mortar shops (实体店).
The emergence and popularity of online shopping indicates the darkest hour of physical stores. Reading the profit announcements of large retail stores like Walmart and RT-mart is about as frustrating as a tour of an ICU (intensive care unit). The Internet is apparently taking down yet another industry. The Chinese Census Bureau released data showing that online sales hit the target of more than 500 billion RMB in “Double 11” this year.
Although many think the downfall of some physical stores arises from their failure to keep up with times, it doesn’t fit the fact that they made every endeavour to reinvent themselves. As the CEO of Carrefour based in China once put it, “We had been scratching our heads. We used the internet-connected tools to innovate about everything our branches did from managing stock of goods, marketing to getting paid.” On top of that, they delivered goods to houses free of charge. They maximized their staff’s hospitality towards customers. But hospitality paled in comparison to the great convenience the online shopping has brought. Walmart in Hangzhou used drones (无人机) to drop what customers had bought during the lockdown of Covid-19.
Some struggling physical stores have opened online stores, such as Suning, so people will come to them directly rather than to Tmall, Taobao and JD platforms. But even if they get online traffic, they are just struggling to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline. Their narrow range of products catering to the needs of customers is their Achilles’ heel.
Despite the disadvantages physical stores are having, the brick and click competition won’t disappear in the foreseeable future. Will online shopping continue to be David? Maybe Goliath can turn the table. Who knows?
22. The underlined words in Paragraph 2 intend to ________.
A. clarify what intensive care is
B. stress the importance of hospitals
C. show physical stores’ poor finance
D. arouse readers’ interest in e-shopping
23. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The downfall of physical stores.
B. The use of internet-connected tools.
C. The great efforts physical stores made.
D. The application of advanced technology.
24. What can we infer about Suning from the fourth paragraph?
A. It lacks product diversity.
B. It never makes ends meet.
C. It is noted for its online clicks.
D. It makes more profit than Tmall.
25. In which section of a website can we probably read the text?
A. Space exploration. B. Cultures and customs.
C. Shopping guidance. D. Opinions and viewpoints.
【答案】22. C 23. C 24. A 25. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要议论了实体店在现在的诸多劣势及实体店为改变劣势而做出的诸多尝试。
22. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Internet is apparently taking down yet another industry. （显然，互联网正在摧毁另一个行业。）”可知，作者描写“as frustrating as a tour of an ICU（就像参观重症监护室(ICU)一样令人沮丧）”为了更加生动形象说明实体店经济的不佳。故选C项。
23. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Although many think the downfall of some physical stores arises from their failure to keep up with times, it doesn’t fit the fact that they made every endeavour to reinvent themselves.（虽然很多人认为一些实体店的衰败是因为他们跟不上时代，但这并不符合他们竭尽全力重塑自我的事实。）”可知，第三段主要讲述了实体店为改善现状做出的巨大努力。故选C项。
24. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Their narrow range of products catering to the needs of customers is their Achilles’ heel.（他们迎合顾客需求的产品种类有限，这是他们的致命弱点。）”可知，苏宁缺少产品多样性。故选A项。
25. 推理判断题。根据全文内容可，文章主要议论了实体店在现在的诸多劣势及实体店为改变劣势而做出的诸多尝试。文章最后一段“Despite the disadvantages physical stores are having, the brick and click competition won’t disappear in the foreseeable future.( 尽管实体店存在诸多劣势，但在可预见的未来，实体店和实体店之间的竞争不会消失。)”有确定的观点。所以可以推断，本文在网站的“意见和观点”部分可以阅读到。故选D项。