新高考英语二轮复习题型专练15 阅读理解之细节理解题(含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练15 阅读理解之细节理解题(含解析)，共21页。

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）15
阅读理解之细节理解题
【考试方向】细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ .
（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
【解答技巧】
1.描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
【真题再现】（2020·海南高考真题） In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
1.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A.It carried more weight than it could.
B.It swayed violently in a strong wind
C.Its roadway was damaged by vehicles
D.Its access was blocked by many people.
2.Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A.No design is well received everywhere
B.Construction is more important than design.
C.Not all disasters are caused by engineering design
D.Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
3.What does the last paragraph suggest?
A.Failure can lead to progress. B.Success results in overconfidence
C.Failure should be avoided. D.Success comes from joint efforts.
4.What is the text?
A.A news report B.A short story.
C.A book review D.A research article.
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。
2.信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。
【真题再现】（2020·海南高考真题）Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.
Broadcasting Camp
Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see.
5.How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?
A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.
6.What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?
A.Create a website. B.Run a news station.
C.Meet a star reporter. D.Hold a dinner party.
7.Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?
A.Broadcasting Camp. B.Secret Agent Camp.
C.Culinary Camp D.Street Art Camp.
【答案】5.C 6.B 7.C
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C。
6.细节理解题。根据第一段中“While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。
7.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.”可知如果你的孩子喜欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知，Culinary Camp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。
3.数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
例如：…......
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
…
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A. About 6,800 B. About 3,400
C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。
4.图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。
【真题再现】（2015，四川卷）

50.The card above is_________
A.a ticket B.a postcard
C.an invitation D.an advertisement
51.The party is for_________
A.a birthday
B.the Queen
C.bee watching
D.the National Day
52.According to the card ,if you are unable to go ,you can.
A.return the card
B.visit the Museum
C.ignore the message
D.contact Alice's mother
【答案】50.C 51.A 52.D
【解析】这是一张邀请函，是为了庆祝Alice的两岁生日。
50.C 主旨大意题。根据文章的we are throwing a party 以及come bug with us.可知，这是一张邀请函，故选择C。
51.A 细节理解题。根据文章中的 Alice is turning 2，可知，是为了庆祝生日的，故选择A。
52.D 细节理解题。根据文章中的regrets to the Queen Bee at 601-555-4111可知如果不能来，请打电话给妈妈，故选择D。
5.代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【真题再现】（2016·新课标卷III））On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
＂Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.＂
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).
＂My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’＂
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. ＂I don’t have to.＂
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
26. The underlined word ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _______.
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。
26.D 【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据＂Now we believe your stories＂可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
【题型演练】
1
A Pakistani man who was born without arms has developed into a highly skilled snooker player. In the game of snooker, players traditionally use long sticks to hit colored balls into holes at the end of a table. But Muham-mad Ikram has learned a different method. He uses his chin (下巴) to hit the balls into the holes.
Muhammad Ikram is one of nine children. He did not receive an education and his family faced struggles meeting basic needs. Growing up, Ikram spent much of his time watching people play snooker, a game no one dreamed he could ever play. He says he does not remember exactly how the idea of playing struck him. But at some point, he started practicing the game in secret. “He would eagerly watch other boys play. He would keep wishing he also had arms so he could play like them,” said his mother, Razia Bibi. “Then he started using his chin.”
The 32-year-old lives in Samundri, a rural town in Pakistan’s Punjab province. He has spent eight years perfecting his game and says he is not afraid to take on any players. “I have met very good snooker players who tell me I am a real genius and I can bring great fame to Pakistan,” he told Reuters Television. Mian Usman Ahmed is co-owner of the Cuemaster Snooker Club. He says Ikram won several prizes in local competitions over the past two years. “He would come to the club and ask if he could be allowed to play. We would look at his arms and feel he was unable to,” Ahmed said. “He insisted we allow him to prove himself. When he did that, we saw he was actually very good.”
When asked what he would say to others with physical disabilities, Ikram said, “No one should lose hope.” He added that he would one day like to compete at the international level, hopefully with government support.
1. What possibly contributed to Ikram’s becoming a snooker player?
A. The idea of supporting his family.
B. The encouragement from his mother.
C. The hobby of watching snooker games.
D. The desire to set an example to the disabled.
2. What can we learn about Ikram from Para. 3?
A. He has brought fame to his country.
B. He has won first prize in local snooker games.
C. His skills of playing snooker were highly thought of.
D. His method of playing snooker shocked other players.
3. Which of the following words can best describe Ikram?
A. Kind-hearted and gifted. B. Inspiring and determined.
C. Energetic and intelligent. D. Active and outgoing.
4. What was Ikram’s wish?
A. To become a professional snooker player.
B. To compete in international snooker games.
C. To receive education with government support.
D. To open a snooker club designed for the disabled.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Ikram用下巴练就了打台球的高超技能。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Growing up, Ikram spent much of his time watching people play snooker, a game no one dreamed he could ever play.(在成长过程中，伊克拉姆花了很多时间观看人们打斯诺克，一种从未有人梦想过他会玩的游戏)”可知，Ikram看斯诺克比赛的爱好促使他成为了斯诺克选手。故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“When he did that, we saw he was actually very good.(当他做到这一点时，我们看到他实际上非常出色)”可知，Ikram打斯诺克的技巧受到高度评价。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ “I have met very good snooker players who tell me I am a real genius and I can bring great fame to Pakistan,” he told Reuters Television.(“我遇到过非常优秀的斯诺克选手，他们告诉我，我是一个真正的天才，我可以给巴基斯坦带来巨大的声誉，”他对路透社电视台说)”可知，Ikram在打斯诺克上天赋异禀。故选B项。
4. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He added that he would one day like to compete at the international level, hopefully with government support.(他补充说，他希望有一天能参加国际比赛，希望能得到政府的支持)”可知，Ikram的愿望是参加国际斯诺克比赛。故选B项。
2
Vice-director in Europe/Director UNU Institute for Environment and Human Security
Duty Station: Bonn, Germany
The United Nations University (UNU) has been a think tank for fair research on the pressing global problems of human survival, conflict prevention, development and welfare, for the past four decades. UNU is re-cruiting a Director for the UNU Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) who will meanwhile serve as UNU’s Vice-director in Europe, dividing his/her time equally between both positions.
The Institution: UNU-EHS aims to carry out research on risks and adaptation related to global change. The Institute’s research promotes policies and programmes to reduce these risks, while taking into account the con-nection between environmental and societal factors.
Qualifications: The Director should have academic qualifications that lend to UNU-EHS fame in the inter-national scholarly community; guarantee scientific excellence; and provide leadership and guidance for activities at UNU-EHS and UNU-ViE.
Experience: Strong research background and publications in areas related to addressing risks and societal change. Demonstrated administration experience. Successful influencing of policymakers. Strong contributions to knowledge sharing communities. Strong international fundraising skills and past success in securing support from multiple funders.
Fluency in English is required. Fluency in German and official languages of the United Nations is desira-ble.
Application deadline: 12 January 2020
Full details of the position and how to apply: https :// unu. edu/ about/hr
5. What’s the aim of the UNU?
A. Provide qualified graduates for UN organizations.
B. Research fair ways to deal with global problems.
C. Work out policies for governments and countries.
D. Look into positive effect of environmental changes.
6. What’s the qualification for the post advertised?
A. Scientific excellence and leadership abilities.
B. Good command of all UN official languages.
C. Abilities to prevent social regional conflicts.
D. Adequate knowledge of UNU structures.
7. What kind of experience is required for the post?
A. Having taken leadership at UNU-EHS before.
B. Having organized research on a large public scale.
C. Having contributed to sponsoring government events.
D. Having succeeded raising money from different people.
【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国大学要招聘的主任岗位的相关信息。
5. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The United Nations University (UNU) has been a think tank for fair research on the pressing global problems of human survival, conflict prevention, development and welfare, for the past four decades.(过去四十年来，联合国大学一直是对人类生存、预防冲突、发展和福利等紧迫的全球问题进行公平研究的智库)”可知，联合国大学的目标是研究处理全球问题的公平方法。故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据文章Qualifications中“The Director should have academic qualifications that lend to UNU-EHS fame in the inter-national scholarly community; guarantee scientific excellence; and provide leadership and guidance for activities at UNU-EHS and UNU-ViE.(主任应具有使联合国大学环境卫生系统在国际学术界享有声誉的学术资格；保证科学卓越；为UNU-EHS和UNU-ViE的活动提供领导和指导)”可知，文章中招聘的职位资格需要有科学素养和领导力。故选A项。
7. 细节理解题。根据文章Experience中“Strong research background and publications in areas related to addressing risks and societal change. Demonstrated administration experience. Successful influencing of policymakers. Strong contributions to knowledge sharing communities. Strong international fundraising skills and past success in securing support from multiple funders.(在应对风险和社会变化方面有丰富的研究背景和出版物。有行政管理经验。政策制定者的有效影响力。为知识共享社区做出贡献。强大的国际筹款技能和过去成功获得多个资助者的支持)”可知，文章中的职位需要有成功地从不同的人那里筹款的经验。故选D项。
3
In the first term of college, Professor Kelly lectured us in his Acting 1 class about the importance of taking the business of acting seriously. As I prepare to take on my senior year, I think back on the first term and I consider my seriousness and my love for the art of theatre. I'm pleased to say that, for the most part, my determination remains as strong as ever.
Even after I've learned about the difficulties and the heartbreak that go with working as an actor, I know that it is still the right path for me. Something Professor Kelly said in that first acting class has stuck with me through these last three years. He said, " Every actor chooses to act for their own reasons — personally I do it because I have to. I have to perform. It's who l am." For as long as I've been performing, I've wondered how to best describe why I do what I do. Professor Kelly answered that question for me that day.
When I was little and first imagined what it would be like to be a real actor, I would imagine being known about by many people someday. However, I never actually wanted that. I act because no matter what is going on in my life，no matter how stressed I am with what's happening outside of or during practices, when I'm on stage, I'm home and I'm me.
Many parents will feel worried about their children's choosing to be an actor. Some will be surprised. My parents are just exceptions. They knew from the start that nothing was going to keep me from doing what I love.
8. What did Professor Kelly's words make the author realize?
A. She did acting out of love. B. She really had a gift for acting.
C. She would face many challenges. D. She must work hard to learn acting.
9. What does the underlined word " that" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Imagining being an actor. B. Being on stage.
C. Becoming famous one day. D. Being devoted to theatre.
10. How do the author's parents feel about her choice?
A. Content. B. Sympathetic. C. Concerned. D. Disappointed.
11. What is the author mainly talking about in the text?
A. Why she chose acting. B. Who inspired her to act.
C. How acting changed her life. D. What she learned about acting.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的表演求学经历告诉我们一个道理：你坚守一个职业的初心就是成为你自己。
8. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As I prepare to take on my senior year, I think back on the first term and I consider my seriousness and my love for the art of theatre.”（当我准备进入大四的时候，我回想起第一学期，我意识到我对戏剧艺术的认真和热爱。）可知，Kelly教授的话让作者意识到自己学表演是出于热爱。故选A项。
9. 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前句“I would imagine being known about by many people someday.”（我可以想象有一天会被很多人所了解。）可知，that指的是有一天变得有名。故选C项。
10. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“My parents are just exceptions. They knew from the start that nothing was going to keep me from doing what I love.”（我的父母只是例外。他们从一开始就知道没有什么能阻止我做我喜欢的事情。）可知，作者父母对于自己的选择持赞同态度。故选B项。
11. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“For as long as I've been performing, I've wondered how to best describe why I do what I do. Professor Kelly answered that question for me that day.”（自从我开始表演以来，我一直想知道如何最好地描述我为什么要做我所做的事。Kelly教授那天为我回答了这个问题。）及全文内容可知，文章作者讲述的是她选择表演的原因。故选A项。
4
Cory, aged 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very young age. Because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mother, Sandy Gilbreath, raised him as a single parent. Although taking care of a child with a disability was challenging, she ensured that Cory didn't miss out on the fun things in life. Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents.
Fortunately, Cory was able to do that just before the COVID-19 started. He and his mother traveled to Antarctica in February, just before the borders closed. It was the seventh and final continent off his list. He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!
According to Cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip, making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location. He would also call up hotels or rental homes to confirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim to be.
When Cory started going on adventures, there weren't many online resources discussing accessible travel. To help other travelers with disabilities explore the world as he does, he decided to share his knowledge in his blog. Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community, Cory and his mother wrote a children's book, titled Let's Explore with Cor Cor, which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair.
Traveling to all seven continents wasn't something I was sure was going to be possible," he said. "But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless."
12. What made Cory Lee decide to visit all seven continents?
A. His mother's expectation.
B. His travelling experiences.
C. His dream of helping others.
D. His objective of making a history.
13. What worries Cory most about a trip?
A. Rental fees.
B. Local attractions.
C. Accommodation.
D. Transportation.
14. Why did Cory and his mother write the book?
A. To enrich online resources.
B. To record travelling events.
C. To help people with special needs.
D. To introduce wheelchair adventures.
15. What can we learn from Cory's story?
A. Nothing can prevent a determined heart.
B. Disability can turn into an opportunity,
C. Travelling shapes a positive attitude.
D. Mom is the creator of children's dreams.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，从小被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症的科里在妈妈的爱护下坐轮椅游览了七大洲，他决定在博客上分享他的旅行知识，帮助其他残疾旅行者像他一样探索世界。
12. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents.”（桑迪（妈妈）在他童年的暑假里带他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激动人心的经历激励他树立了一个终生的目标：游览所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年时，妈妈带他去公路旅行的经历让他下定决心访问所有七大洲。故选B项。
13. 推理判断题。由第三段中的“According to Cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip, making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location.”（科里认为，坐轮椅旅行需要进行广泛的规划和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二个月开始他的研究，确保在这个地方有方便的交通选择。），可知科里因为身体原因要坐轮椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有没有方便的交通选择，可得出科里旅行时最担心的是交通问题。故选D项。
14. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community, Cory and his mother wrote a children's book, titled Let's Explore with Cor Cor, which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair.”（为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，科里和他的母亲写了一本儿童读物，名为《让我们和Cor Cor一起探索》，这本书讲述了一个男孩坐着电动轮椅环游世界的故事。），可知是为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，即为了帮助有特殊需要的人（坐轮椅的人），科里和他妈妈才写书分享经历的。故选C项。
15. 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Cory, aged 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very young age. Because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4.”（科里今年30岁，在很小的时候就被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症。因为他的身体状况，他从4岁开始使用轮椅。），第二段中的“He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!”（他成为有史以来第一个访问所有七大洲的轮椅使用者！）和最后一段“Traveling to all seven continents wasn't something I was sure was going to be possible," he said. "But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless."”（他说：“去所有七大洲旅行并不是我能确定的事。”但如果你保持坚定和积极的态度，机会是无限的。”），可知科里从小坐轮椅，但因为保持着坚定和积极的态度，他才能完成游览所有七大洲的目标，可得出即使残疾，坚定的心也能帮助人们实现梦想，所以没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心。故选A项。
5
I was invited to give a speech at an educators, conference. I happened to sit next to Clay Parker, the CEO of a technology company that makes micro electronics devices.
For the last few years, I’d been reading about the rapidly changing world of work and was increasingly concerned that students are not prepared for today’s workplace. Buried in book knowledge, university students talk like a book and always pass exams with flying colours. However, when facing HR staff instead of their teachers, what they have learned seems useless. So I asked Parker what qualities he most wanted in a potential new employee. I expected a list of technical skills - especially since Parker is an engineer himself- but I was way off the mark.
“First, I look for someone who asks good questions,” Parker responded. “Our business is changing, and so are the skills of our engineers. We can teach them the technical stuff. But for employees willing to solve problems or to learn new things, they have to know what questions to ask. And we can’t teach them how to ask good questions - how to think. The ability to ask the right questions reflects good thinking ability, the most important quality.”
Indeed, the ability to ask good questions has been a repeated theme in almost all of my conversations about core competences and skills for success in today’s workplace. It turns out that asking good questions goes hand in hand with problem solving ability in the minds of most employers.
The students have always been brought up to live up to a certain standard and so much emphasis has been put on fixed rules and giving the expected answer of their teachers instead of raising a question. We teachers are always blaming the students for giving wrong answers. Perhaps we should ask ourselves whether we are always asking the right questions.
16. Why did the author ask Parker the question?
A. To bring the CEO’s attention to education.
B. To collect information about his company.
C. To ask for his opinion about the conference.
D. To know his requirements for new employees.
17. What docs underlined "off the mark" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Mistaken. B. Not qualified.
C. Confused. D. Not professional.
18. What does Parker value his employees for?
A. Teamwork. B. Thinking ability.
C. Technical skills. D. Professional knowledge.
19. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How to Hunt for a Job
B. Asking Questions Matters
C. An Encounter with a CEO
D. Problem-solving Makes a Difference
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了在职场中最重要的能力是具有提出问题的能力，这反映了其良好的思考能力。
16. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“So I asked Parker what qualities he most wanted in a potential new employee. (所以我问帕克，他最希望新员工具备什么样的品质。)”可知，作者的问题是想了解他对新员工的要求。故选D项。
17. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“I expected a list of technical skills - especially since Parker is an engineer himself- but I was way off the mark. (我期望得到一份技术技能的清单——尤其是帕克本人就是一名工程师——但我__________。)”以及第三段中““First, I look for someone who asks good questions,” Parker responded. (帕克回答说：“首先，我寻找那些能提出好问题的人。”)”由帕克的回答首先是想要那些能提出好问题的人，而不是对什么技术技能的要求，可知作者想错了，因此猜测划线词 off the mark意为“错误的”。故选A项。
18. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ The ability to ask the right questions reflects good thinking ability, the most important quality. (提出正确问题的能力反映了良好的思考能力，这是最重要的品质。)”可知，帕克看重员工的思考能力。故选B项。
19. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“ The ability to ask the right questions reflects good thinking ability, the most important quality. (提出正确问题的能力反映了良好的思考能力，这是最重要的品质。)”和第四段中“Indeed, the ability to ask good questions has been a repeated theme in almost all of my conversations about core competences and skills for success in today’s workplace. (事实上，在我的几乎所有关于在当今职场中取得成功的核心能力和技能的谈话中，提出好问题的能力一直是一个反复出现的主题。)”可知，本文主要讲述了在职场中最重要的能力是具有提出问题的能力，这反映了其良好的思考能力，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“提出问题最重要”符合题意。故选B项。
6
It's no secret that inhaling(吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases.The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is teeming with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores（真菌孢子）, are known to cause disease. 
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi（真菌） that otherwise might not easily become airborne（空气传播的）. You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study cited in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms latch onto smoke particulates（微粒）, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is "intrigued" by the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition. "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen, "But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness?"
Whether the microbes in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory（呼吸的） issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming," says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics.This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike, will inhale more smoke than those who drive.
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor — including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters（过滤器） and running air conditioning.
20. What can we know about the microorganisms from paragraph 2?
A. They could be killed by high heat
B. They could possibly travel through air by themselves
C. They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
D. They can easily attach themselves to smoke particulates
21. How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?
A. They will causes lung infections.
B. They might worsen lung disease
C. They will destroy living environments.
D. They might damage respiratory system
22. Why are low-income people suffering more than others?
A. They live in poor areas.
B. They drive to and from work
C. They have suffered from lung disease
D. They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.
23. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Results of the new research
B. Disagreements between the author and Chen.
C. Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality
D. Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air
【答案】20. C21. B22. D23. C
【解析】本文是说明文。科学家通过研究发现烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病，当野火燃烧时，会散播数千种细菌和真菌。文章介绍了这项发现，并给出了相应的建议。
20. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study cited in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire.( 你可能认为来自火灾的高热会杀死这些生物，但一篇文章引用的一项研究发现，有些细菌甚至会在大火后繁殖。)”可知，微生物在大火之后可能大量繁殖。故选C。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition.（许多细菌和真菌不会引起肺部感染，陈说，但肯定有可能大量的细菌和真菌会使先前存在的肺部疾病的人的症状恶化。）”可知，Peter陈认为微生物可能会让肺部感染恶化。故选B。
22. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment.（杰克说，这对低收入人群尤其如此，因为经济能力较差的人往往更容易接触这样的环境。）”可知，低收入人群比别人遭受更多是因为他们更频繁地暴露在污染的空气中。故选D。
23. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容“But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor — including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters（过滤器） and running air conditioning.（但在做更多的研究之前，陈说，人们能做的最好的事情就是在空气质量差的时候遵循现有的建议——包括待在室内，关闭门窗，使用HEPA过滤器和运行空调。）”可知，最后一段讨论了关于处理空气质量差的建议。故选C。