新高考英语二轮复习题型专练10 社会生活类阅读理解(含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练10 社会生活类阅读理解(含解析)，共17页。

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）10
社会生活类阅读理解
【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。
【考试方向】社会生活类阅读文章在高考中的出现频率较高。它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的社会万象、生活经历、饮食、饮食与健康、休闲与娱乐、旅游、生态旅游、服装、住房等等内容。这类文章同学们读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来也比较得心应手。在高考阅读理解题中，这类文章属搭配类材料，所以，它的命题多数属于中低等难度的送分题，如事实细节题、计算题、识坚题等。遇到这类文章时，我们一定要抓住得分机遇，尽量不要失分。
【得分要点】读这类文章要特别注意做好事实细节题。对于细节试题，同学们要先从题干中找到关键性词语，然后采用略读或跳读，快速在文章中寻找相关细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，细心比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。具体解题步骤如下：
1.读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。一般情况下，问题出现的前后顺序与文章中细节和事实出现的先后顺序是一致的。
2.找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。要注意的是，对作者使用的同义词或与之相关的词语和句子千万不能忽略。
3.巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相符。当题干中有诸如“NOT”或“except”时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有力证据。
【真题再现1】【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东），C】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8.细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10.推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
【真题再现2】【2020年7月·浙江卷，A】
I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?
A. He has written dozens of plays. B. He has a deep love for the theater.
C. He is a professional stage actor. D. He likes reading short plays to others.
22. What does the author avoid doing in his work?
A. Stating the plays’ central ideas. B. Selecting works by famous playwrights.
C. Including various types of plays. D. Offering information on the playwrights.
23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?
A. Control their feelings. B. Apply their acting skills.
C. Use their imagination. D. Keep their audience in mind.
24. What is this text?
A. A short story. B. An introduction to a book.
C. A play review. D. An advertisement for a theater.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B
【解析】文章主要介绍了作者的书籍的序言部分，包括其编写目的，书籍内容主体，以及如何实现有乐趣的阅读本书的建议。
21.细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“…and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others”可知，作者编辑这本书的最好的原因是希望与他人分享对戏剧的热情，因此可知作者对于戏剧饱含热情。故选B项。
22.细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.”可知，作者并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为那样确实会破坏阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的有效性的乐趣。A项“Stating the plays’ central ideas(陈述戏剧的中心思想)”与原文表达信息一致。故选A项。
23.细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“To get the most out of the reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.”可知，作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演，不再是读者而是成为观众，才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣。C项“Use their imagination”与原文“try to picture the play on the stage”表达信息一致。故选C项。
24.推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others”可知，该句内容应是书籍的“自序”内容，且结合末尾“To get the most out of the reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.”可知，在讲述如何更好地实现阅读乐趣，再结合全文内容可推知，作者通过该文章介绍自己的一本书。故选B项。
【题型演练】
1
Ant Forest, a green initiative by the world’s leading payment and lifestyle platform Alipay, received the “U.N. Champions of the Earth” award, the UN’s highest environmental honor. It was given to Ant Forest for motivating half a billion people to adopt an eco-friendly and greener lifestyle, greatly contributing to ecological protection with the help of digital technology.
Alipay achieved this by inspiring its users to do environmentally-friendly things, such as walking, using public transportation, going paperless in the office and more to earn “green energy points”. These points can then be used to water and grow their own virtual young trees. After the virtual young trees have grown up on line, Ant Forest will plant real trees somewhere in China.
The number of Ant Forest users has reached 350 million, reducing 3 million tons of carbon dioxide. “Such programs are quite attractive to me. I feel satisfied to see a real tree planted just by doing some simple things such as riding bicycles and buying tickets online,” said an interviewee.
This initiative of Ant Forest is in line with the Chinese government’s strategy of a “Green Economy”. The country is taking aggressive actions in expanding its green coverage. Now, its efforts are paying off, with improved biodiversity and a healthier economic growth. Rare animal species have been spotted and forest parks are now popular attractions of tourism.
The planet is at a critical point which could result in natural disasters. It seems clear that unless governments, businesses and people form a focused team, it’s difficult to stop global warming. Fortunately, Ant Forest shows that it is possible to make joint efforts while relying on digital technology. And more initiatives are using technology to contribute to a sustainable future of the planet.
1. What was Ant Forest given the award for?
A. It brings convenience to people’s lives.
B. It is run by the world’s leading payment platform.
C. It technically assists many people to protect ecology.
D. It has made the greatest contribution to global development.
2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. How Alipay makes profits.
B. How Ant Forest is carried out.
C. What a low-carbon life is like.
D. Why Alipay takes up the initiative.
3. What can we infer from the text?
A. 350 million people have planted real trees.
B. Promoting tourism can help save animals.
C. China keeps a balance between economy and ecology.
D. The expansion of green coverage mainly results from Ant Forest.
4. How docs Ant Forest contribute to the sustainable future?
A. By criticizing natural disasters.
B. By stopping the global warming.
C. By providing a platform to make joint efforts.
D. By encouraging people to donate money to plant trees.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。全球领先支付平台支付宝的绿色倡议“蚂蚁森林”因将“5亿人的绿色善举”转化为种植实木而荣获联合国“地球冠军奖”，这是联合国最高环境荣誉。中国加快绿色转型，有望为协调经济与自然环境提供有益的借鉴。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was given to Ant Forest for motivating half a billion people to adopt an eco-friendly and greener lifestyle, greatly contributing to ecological protection with the help of digital technology. (“蚂蚁森林”项目旨在激励5亿人过上环保、绿色的生活方式，为数字技术促进生态保护做出了巨大贡献。)”可知，蚂蚁森林因为从技术上帮助许多人保护生态被授予奖项。故选C项。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Alipay achieved this by inspiring its users to do environmentally-friendly things, such as walking, using public transportation, going paperless in the office and more to earn “green energy points”. (支付宝通过鼓励用户做一些环保的事情来实现这一目标，比如步行、使用公共交通工具、在办公室实现无纸化办公，以及更多来获得“绿色能源积分”。)”以及下文描述可知，本段主要讲了蚂蚁森林是如何实施目标的。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The country is taking aggressive actions in expanding its green coverage. Now, its efforts are paying off, with improved biodiversity and a healthier economic growth. (中国正在积极采取行动扩大绿色覆盖范围。现在，随着生物多样性的改善和更健康的经济增长，它的努力得到了回报。)”可推知，中国保持经济与生态的平衡。故选C项。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Fortunately, Ant Forest shows that it is possible to make joint efforts while relying on digital technology. And more initiatives are using technology to contribute to a sustainable future of the planet. (幸运的是，蚂蚁森林向我们展示了依靠数字技术，共同努力是完全有可能的。更多的计划正在利用技术为地球的可持续未来做出贡献。)”可知，蚂蚁森林通过提供一个共同努力的平台对可持续发展的未来做出了贡献。故选C项。
2
One night in 1966, Michael Chapman rushed into a folk-music club in Cornwall, England to get out of the rain, and soon found himself onstage playing the guitar.
“They offered me a job to play for the rest of the summer. And I’ve been playing ever since,” Chapman says. “I’ve told that story so many times, but it’s absolutely true. If it hadn’t been raining that night, I wouldn’t be talking to you.”
The British guitar player has spent the 50 years since then on the road. He released some praised albums in the 1970s, but his health went downhill in the 80s and 90s. Like a lot of British artists in the 1960s, Chapman taught himself to play the guitar by listening to American jazz and blues records.
Chapman actually taught photography, but quit when he was 26 to play music full time. When he was starting out, he was often compared to other British acoustic guitar heroes of the time, like John Martyn and Bert Jansch.
“The fascinating thing about Michael Chapman is that he doesn’t fit in with those guys of his generation,” says Andrew Male, a music journalist. “He’s always been an outsider. He never moved to London. ”
And while he never became part of the London music scene, Chapman was noticed by those musicians. “The 70s caught up with him in the 80s,” Male says. “He had a huge heart attack at the end of the 80s that nearly finished him off. When he made his way back into the world in the early 90s, people had forgotten about him.” But not everyone. A younger generation of musicians in America, including Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth and a younger singer and guitarist named Steve Gunn, recently rediscovered Chapman.
“We wanted to capture Michael’s voice and character where he is now. You know, it’s a little road-weary, but he still has it,” Gunn says. “For me, it was really important to get that right.” “He’s the right old musician for present times,” Male says. “I think the music he makes seems quite in tune with where we’re at.”
5. Which can best describe Michael Chapman’s first involvement in music?
A. Untrue. B. Accidental. C. Unfortunate. D. Reasonable.
6. What can we learn about Michael Chapman from the text?
A. He has taught photography for 26 years.
B. He taught himself to play the guitar and did far better than John Martyn.
C. To some degree, he is not accepted by other people of his generation.
D. He is one of the best guitar players in the early 90s.
7. Why did Michael Chapman quit his music career once?
A. He lost his special voice. B. He suffered from a severe heart attack.
C. He got tired of competing with others. D. He was almost forgotten by everyone.
8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. The Rise and Fall of Guitar Music B. The Sad Story of a Guitar Musician
C. A New Generation Helps an Old Guitar Musician D. A Brief Introduction to a Guitar Musician
【答案】5. B6. C7. B8. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位吉他演奏老艺术家Michael Chapman的演艺经历和成就，虽然如今他已被许多人遗忘，但新一代吉他演奏家Steve Gumi认为Chapman创作的音乐和他们现在所处的环境很协调，所以他让老艺术家重新攀登音乐事业的高峰。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“If it hadn’t been raining that night, I wouldn’t be talking to you.(如果那天晚上没有下雨，我就不会和你说话了)”可推断，Michael Chapman走上音乐之路纯属偶然。故选B。
6. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““The fascinating thing about Michael Chapman is that he doesn’t fit in with those guys of his generation,” says Andrew Male, a music journalist. “He’s always been an outsider. He never moved to London. ”(音乐记者Andrew Male说：“Michael Chapman的迷人之处在于，他与他那一代的人格格不入。他一直是个局外人。他从未搬到伦敦。”)”可知，在某种程度上，Michael Chapman不被他这一代的人所接受。故选C。
7. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He had a huge heart attack at the end of the 80s that nearly finished him off. When he made his way back into the world in the early 90s, people had forgotten about him. (80年代末，他突发严重的心脏病，差点要了他的命。90年代初，当他重返音乐界时，人们已经忘记了他)”可知，Michael Chapman中断他的音乐职业生涯是因为一次严重的心脏病发作。故选B。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“One night in 1966, Michael Chapman rushed into a folk-music club in Cornwall, England to get out of the rain, and soon found himself onstage playing the guitar.(1966年的一个晚上，Michael Chapman为了避雨冲进英格兰康沃尔的一家民间音乐俱乐部，很快就发现自己在舞台上弹吉他)”结合文章讲述了一位吉他演奏老艺术家Michael Chapman的演艺经历和成就，虽然如今他已被许多人遗忘，但新一代吉他演奏家Steve Gumi认为Chapman创作的音乐和他们现在所处的环境很协调，所以他让老艺术家重新攀登音乐事业的高峰。故D选项“对一个吉他音乐家的简要介绍”最符合文章标题。故选D。
3
China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western methods, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adopts a vastly different approach. For thousands of years, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies (哲学).
The core behind TCM is that the human body's life is the consequence (结果) of the balance between Yin and Yang. Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people fall ill.
One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial (表面的) structures of the body—usually at acupoints (穴位)—to restore the Yin Yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion (艾灸疗法), which involves burning mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint.
The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China.
Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in 2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. Presently, TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID-19 since its outbreak in January 2020.
9. What is the key feature of TCM?
A. It adopts different medical approaches.
B. It's based on ancient Chinese philosophies.
C. It helps to restore body's self-balance.
D. It's gained experience through rich practice.
10. What can we learn about The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon from the text?
A. It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion.
B. It's a foundation of world medical research.
C. it stresses the importance of using acupoints.
D. It greatly contributes to the development of TCM.
11. Why does the writer write this text?
A. To review the development of TCM.
B. To introduce TCM to the world.
C. To tell TCM and Western medicine apart.
D. To argue for TCM in fighting COVID-19.
12. What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text?
A. How TCM helps in the current situation.
B. Why TCM is gaining popularity.
C. Why TCM gets recognition from WHO.
D. How other countries adopt TCM.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，中国传统的中医文化，它与西医不同，有着独特的理论和治疗体系，针灸引起了国际医学界的关注。
9. 细节理解题。由第二段“The core behind TCM is that the human body's life is the consequence (结果) of the balance between Yin and Yang. Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and Yin is the inner base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people fall ill.”（中医学的核心是人体的生命是阴阳平衡的结果。阳的功能是保护我们免受外界的伤害，而阴是储存和提供能量的内在基础。当这两方面的平衡被打破时，人们就会生病。）和第三段中的“One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture (针刺疗法) means insertion of needles into superficial (表面的) structures of the body—usually at acupoints (穴位)—to restore the Yin Yang balance.”（针灸是中医传统技术之一，是指将针头插入身体的浅表结构，通常在穴位处恢复阴阳平衡。），可知身体阴阳平衡被打破时，人们就会生病，而中医（例如针灸）的核心就是通过中医技巧恢复身体的自我平衡，达到阴阳平衡。故选C项。
10. 推理判断题。由第四段“The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as it is practiced today is The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important written work of TCM and is considered the fundamental and most representative medical text in China.”（已知的第一个明确提到针灸之类的东西的著作是《黄帝内经》。它是中医学最早、最重要的著作，被认为是我国最基本、最具代表性的医学著作。），可知《黄帝内经》是我国最基本、最具代表性的医学著作，说明《黄帝内经》在中国医学史上占有重要地位，肯定也为后来中医的发展提供了基础，为中医药的发展做出了巨大的贡献。故选D项。
11. 推理判断题。第一段引入“不同于西医的中国医学——中医学”，第二段讲“中医的核心就是通过中医技巧恢复身体的阴阳平衡”，第三段讲“中医传统技艺——针灸”，第四段讲“为中医药发展做出了巨大贡献的著作《黄帝内经》”，第五段讲“针灸已引起国际医学界的兴趣，中医药正逐渐得到世界的认可”，可知文章主要向读者介绍了中医，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是向世界介绍中医药。故选B项。
12. 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science circles.The WHO issued a document in 2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical policies.”（针灸已引起国际医学界的兴趣。中医药正逐渐得到世界的认可。世卫组织在2002年发布了一份文件，呼吁180多个国家在其医疗政策中采用中医药作为替代品。）和“Presently, TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID-19 since its outbreak in January 2020.”（目前，中医药因其在提高COVID-19治愈率方面的有效性而重新成为新闻，自从COVID-19在2020年1月爆发。），可知中医药的价值正逐渐得到世界的认可，而中医药在提高COVID-19治愈率方面的有效性更佐证了它的价值，文章接下来可能就中医如何帮助解决目前的情况来展开。故选A项。
4
It goes without saying that many Western wedding customs are completely different from those of Asian cultures. Some are so rooted in history that many Westerners have no idea whether they even exist.
Traditionally,June has been the most popular month for people to get married. One reason is that June 1 was the date of an ancient Roman festival celebrating the marriage of the god Jupiter and his wife Juno.Another reason will likely. astonish you. Centuries ago, taking a bath was not as common as it is today. Some people took a bath only once a year, typically in May. Since June was a time most wedding guests would not be too smelly, that month was preferred.
Another wedding custom is for the bride to "wear something old, something new,something borrowed,and something blue."Having something old is said to protect the newlyweds' future baby, while the new item shows optimism for the future. Meanwhile, something borrowed is meant to bring good luck, and something blue is a promise of being faithful. Lesser known is the fact that the bride is also supposed to have a sixpence in her shoe for prosperity(兴旺)。 Interestingly,in Sweden, brides are given two coins before getting married-one gold from her mother and the other silver from her father-also to put in her shoes. These fascinating customs show just how important certain wedding traditions are in Western cultures.
The concept of the “white wedding”， in which the bride wears a white wedding dress, is a familiar one. It is thought, mistakenly though, that this is a tradition that developed in ancient times and originates from the belief of white being a symbol of purity. Actually, the custom of brides wearing this color dates back less than 200 years and is attributed to the wedding of Queen Victoria. The queen's choice of white for her wedding was unusual for the time as other colors, especially red, were much more common.
After news of Victoria's highly publicized wedding to Prince Albert spread, not just around the United Kingdom,but to other nations including the United States,women began following in her footsteps and wearing white dresses at their wedding ceremonies. With white being the choice of a powerful royal figure like Queen Victoria, the color became associated with wealth. nobility. and the fashion-conscious.
13. Based on the text, June has been a popular month to get married probably because
A. Queen Victoria married Prince Albert in June of 1840
B. June is the month in which Romans recall the soul of gods
C. some people didn't take a bath before May in ancient times
D. it is considered to be the luckiest time of year to get married
14. Which of the following wedding customs is said to protect an unborn child?
A. Wearing something old.
B. Wearing something blue.
C. Wearing a shoe with a coin in it.
D. Wearing something borrowed.
15. What can we learn from the "white wedding" mentioned in the passage?
A. The white wedding dress is a symbol of purity and nobility.
B. Red rather than white was once popular in English weddings.
C. Queen Victoria wore white in the hope of breaking old customs.
D. The custom of the white wedding started thousands of years ago.
16. What might be the best title for the text?
A. Routines of marriage ceremonies.
B. Highlights of traditional weddings.
C. Reflecting on old traditions.
D. Exploring western wedding customs.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是西方传统婚礼的旧俗。
13. 推理判断题。由第二段“Centuries ago , taking a bath was not as common as it is today. Some people took a bath only once a year, typically in May. Since June was a time most wedding guests would not be too smelly, that month was preferred”（几世纪前，洗澡不像今天一样普遍。一些人一年只一次澡，通常是在5月洗澡。因为6月大多数的宾客身上并不太难闻，所以那个月份是完美的。）可知，6月份的客人身上没有太多异味，所以6月是结婚的流行月，故选C项。
14. 细节理解题。由第三段“...something old is said to protect the newlyweds’ future baby. ”(穿旧衣服可以保护一对新人将来的孩子)可知，要保护新生儿，新娘得穿旧衣服，故选A项。
15. 推理判断题。由第四段“The queen's choice of white for her wedding was unusual for the time as other colors, especially red, were much more common.”（女王婚礼选择的白色相较于其他颜色是不常见的。红色是更普遍的。）可知，传统婚礼红色更受欢迎，故选B项。
16. 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“It goes without saying that many Western wedding customs are completely different from those of Asian cultures. Some are so rooted in history that many Westerners have no idea whether they even exist.”（不用说，许多西方的婚礼习俗与亚洲文化是完全不同的。有些是根植于历史的，许多西方人甚至不知道它们是否存在。）引出下文：结婚的流行月，结婚时的着装，婚礼的颜色。所以文章主要围绕的是西方婚礼的习俗，所以短文的最佳标题为“ 探索西方婚礼的习俗”。故选D项。
5
British beer and pubs are famous around the world. Things are changing, however. Is this the end of a great British tradition?
For thousands of years, a very important building in any British village has been the pub. In fact, until a place has a pub, it is not really considered a community worthy of a name. Traditionally, the pub is at the heart of any village or town, since it is where people gather to socialize and exchange news. It is an institution at the heart of British society. After all, the word “pub” is actually short for “public house”.
As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites that tourists visit. Many British pubs have names referring to monarchs, such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria, but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens. Pubs have always welcomed people from all classes and parts of society. On a cold night, the pub boss can always find a warm place for customers by the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.
That's how it used to be, but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change. Economic downturns, governmental austerity measures and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business. People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer. On top of that, in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces, including pubs, which may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs since then. This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allowed by law to stay open after 11p.m..
In order to save their businesses, pubs are trying to diversify to attract new customers. And with various “save the pub” campaigns, there are signs that people are gathering around pubs to support this great British institution with pride.
17. Why are British pubs often old?
A. Because the British want to attract tourists.
B. Because the birth of a community often results from a pub in it.
C. Because they are where people socialize and exchange news.
D. Because they follow in the tradition of British kings and queens.
18. What does the underlined word “monarchs” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Emperors. B. Bosses. C. Special tourists. D. Ordinary people.
19. What causes many pubs to close down?
A. Cultural differences. B. Economic decline.
C. Changes in opening hours. D. Regulations against drinking.
20. What is the author's attitude towards the future of British pubs?
A. Conservative. B. Skeptical. C. Hopeless. D. Objective.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的酒吧文化，介绍了英国酒吧兴起的原因，酒吧的特色，酒吧如今面临的困境以及人们为拯救酒吧所付出的一些努力。
17. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, until a place has a pub, it is not really considered a community worthy of a name. Traditionally, the pub is at the heart of any village or town, since it is where people gather to socialize and exchange news. It is an institution at the heart of British society. After all, the word “pub” is actually short for “public house”.(事实上，直到一个地方有了酒吧，它才被认为是一个名副其实的社区。传统上，小酒吧位于任何村庄或城镇的中心，因为人们聚集在这里进行社交和交流新闻。它是英国社会核心的一种机构。毕竟，“pub”这个词实际上是“public house”的缩写)”以及第三段中“As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved.(因此，英国的酒吧往往历史悠久，保存完好)”可知，英国酒吧总是很老，是因为一个社区的诞生往往源于其中的酒吧。故选B。
18. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria, but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens”可知，比如“国王头”或“维多利亚女王”，但当然这并不意味着只有国王和女王才能光顾酒吧，这说明很多英国酒吧的名字都与君主有关，故画线词意思为“君主”。A. Emperors.君主；B. Bosses.老板；C. Special tourists. 特殊的游客；D. Ordinary people.普通人。故选A。
19. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Economic downturns, governmental austerity measures and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business.(经济衰退、政府紧缩措施和文化变革正导致许多酒吧倒闭)”可知，导致许多酒吧关门的原因是经济衰退。故选B。
20. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In order to save their businesses, pubs are trying to diversify to attract new customers. And with various “save the pub” campaigns, there are signs that people are gathering around pubs to support this great British institution with pride.(为了挽救他们的生意，酒吧正试图通过多样化来吸引新的顾客。在各种各样的“拯救酒吧”运动中，有迹象表明人们正聚集在酒吧周围，自豪地支持酒吧这一英国机构)”可推知，作者在最后一段中客观陈述了人们为拯救酒吧进行的努力，没有提到个人对英国酒吧未来的看法，即对英国酒吧的未来持客观态度。故选D。
6
For many years, school children in the US have been taken on “field trips” to cultural institutions such as museums of art. Educators arrange them in the belief that schools exist not only to teach economically useful skills, but also to produce civilized young people who appreciate the art and culture. While there are parents who will take their children to cultural places in their free time, there are plenty of other children who will never have this kind of opportunity unless schools offer it. So you could say that taking school students on field trips is a means of giving everyone equal access to their cultural heritage.
However, the attitude towards field trips in recent years is changing, with the number of tours organized for school groups falling significantly in museums all around the country. The most obvious reason is the issue of finance. Because there are increasing demands on their funds, after all, computers and sports facilities aren’t cheap, schools are forced to make a difficult choice about how to spend the limited money they have. Faced with this dilemma, field trips are an obvious thing to cut since they are seen by many as a luxury.
Additionally, the nature of these field days is also changing. Schools increasingly use trips to amusement parks or sporting events as a treat for students rather than an opportunity for cultural learning. This shift could have a basis in generational differences between teachers’ reasons for organizing days out of school. A recent survey conducted among 500 Arkansas teachers showed that older teachers were significantly more likely to take the primary purpose of a field trip as a learning experience than younger teachers, who view it as fun.
Some evidence shows the trend of fewer trips may have a negative effect on children’s development. A research led by Jay Greene at Arkansas University found that students who received a tour of an art museum greatly improved their knowledge of and the ability to think critically about art. They also display stronger historical interest and were more likely to visit cultural places in the future. The researchers warn that if schools cut field trips or switch to less educational destinations, valuable opportunities to broaden and enrich children’s learning experiences are lost.
21. What is the initial purpose of field trips to cultural institutions?
A. To teach students useful skills in economics.
B. To make every student exposed to art and culture.
C. To educate students to preserve cultural heritage.
D. To encourage parents to take their children there.
22. Which factor most probably leads to the trend of fewer field trips?
A. The drop in school funds. B. Students’ demand for fun.
C. The dilemma of school finance. D. Teachers’ generational differences.
23. What does the underlined phrase “This shift” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The switch from old generations to young generations.
B. The switch from sporting events to cultural experiences.
C. The change from an opportunity to learn to a treat to entertain.
D. The change from educational destinations to luxurious attractions.
24. What can be inferred about field trips from the research by Jay Greene?
A. Students are rewarded with more cultural awareness.
B. Amusement parks enrich children’s learning experiences.
C. Cutting field trips is critical to the future of the museum.
D. Field trips guarantee better future academic performance.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了美国的学生都被带到艺术博物馆等文化机构进行“实地考察”给学生带来的好处及其这些活动减少的原因。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Educators arrange them in the belief that schools exist not only to teach economically useful skills, but also to produce civilized young people who appreciate the art and culture.” 可知，教育工作者之所以安排这些课程，是因为他们相信，学校的存在不仅是为了教授经济上有用的技能，而且也是为了培养能欣赏艺术和文化的文明年轻人。所以到文化机构实地考察的最初目的是让每个学生都能接触到艺术和文化。故选B项。
22. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The most obvious reason is the issue of finance. ”可知，学校组织的考察团数量大幅降低的最主要原因是学校财务的困境。故选C项。
23. 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Additionally, the nature of these field days is also changing. Schools increasingly use trips to amusement parks or sporting events as a treat for students rather than an opportunity for cultural learning. ”可知，此外，这些实地考察日的性质也在改变。学校越来越多地把游乐园或体育赛事作为对学生的款待，而不是文化学习的机会。由此可知，This shift指的是从一个学习的机会变成一个款待学生的机会。故选C项。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句、第三句“A research led by Jay Greene at Arkansas University found that students who received a tour of an art museum greatly improved their knowledge of and the ability to think critically about art. They also display stronger historical interest and were more likely to visit cultural places in the future. ”可知，阿肯色大学的杰伊·格林领导的一项研究发现，参观艺术博物馆的学生极大地提高了他们对艺术的知识和批判性思考的能力。他们还表现出更强烈的历史兴趣，未来更有可能参观文化场所。由此可推知，学生们得到的回报是更多的文化意识。故选A项。