【期中单元词汇讲练】（牛津沪教版）2023-2024学年八年级英语上册Unit 1 Encyclopaedias词汇讲练试卷

Unit 1　Encyclopaedias

要点1 

look up 查，查找

look up是由动词＋副词构成的短语，如果宾语是代词，要放在look与up之间，如果是名词，可放在look up后面，也可以放在look与up之间。

【重点】另外注意动词后加介词构成动介短语，此时，该短语相当于一个及物动词，后面必须加宾语(由名词、代词或动名词充当)，且该宾语不能放在动介短语的中间。

May I come into this room？ 我可以进到这个房间里来吗？

(come into是动+介短语，宾语this room不能省略。)

【拓展】 与look有关的常用短语：

look out                     look through

look over                    look after 

look forward to               look like 

look for                     look out of   

【典例分析】

1.—I don’t know the new word.

—It doesn’t matter, you can ________ in the dictionary.

A．look up it       B．look it up      C．look for it

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我不认识这个生词，没关系，你可以在字典里查一下它。

考查动词短语的辨析。look for的意思是“寻找”；look up的意思是“查字典”，跟代词时应该放在look与up的中间，因此，答案为B项。

2.—What’s the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”?

—Let me _____ the words in the new dictionary.

A. look at        B. look for         C. look after         D. look up

【答案】用短语辨析法解题。look at 看……；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look up 查找。结合句意可知，“在词典中查找单词”。

3.When you don’t know a word，you can________ in the dictionary．

A. look it up           B. set it up         C. give it up           D. pick it up

【答案】考查固定短语。 A. look it up查单词；B. set it up 建立；C. give it up放弃；D. pick it up 拾起；句意：当你不知道这个单词的意思时，请查个字典，故选A项。

4. My mother is ill in hospital. I have to ________ my grandparents at home.

A．look for            B．look at       C．look up             D．look after

【答案】A．look for 寻找    B．look at看   C．look up 查阅      D．look after照顾。根据句意选D。

要点2   inventor

【典例分析】

1.这位科学家发明了许多东西，他最重要的一项发明是电灯泡。。

The scientist_________ many things，his most important __________ was the light bulb.

【答案】第一空这位科学家发明了很多东西。发明用动词invent的过去时。invented。第二空 用名词形式。invention。注意invention一般做可数名词用。

2. The light bulb is a very important _________ (invent) in history.

【答案】invention

3.These famous _____________ _____________ a lot of useful _____________.( invent)

【答案】inventors  invented  inventions

要点3 musician

【典例分析】

1.Lang Lang is one of the most popular  ________ (music) in China. His lots of_________(music) sounds beautiful

【解析】郎朗是最伟大的音乐家之一。musician 音乐家。 他的音乐music听起来很美。

要点4  intelligence

【典例分析】

1.Intelligent people can’t be led by the nose. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)

A. Ugly         B. Foolish                 C. Wise

【解析】intelligent 形容词。聪明的 有才智的。所以与C 意思相同。Intelligence 名词。智慧，才能。

要点5   ability

【典例分析】

1. 我有能力做好这份工作。

I have the ___________to do this job well. = I _______ _______ _______do this job well.

【解析】 ability 名词“能力” able 形容词 “能干的，能 会”第一空 我有能力做好这件工作。用名词ability 。第二空 我能将工作做好。am able to 情态动词。

要点6   perhaps

【典例分析】

1.Perhaps Tom will join our party tonight. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)

A. Maybe         B. Probable              C. May be

【答案】 perhaps probably maybe 这三单词同义。有时可替换。

要点7  include

including的用法

including作介词,意为“包括;包含”,后接名词、代词或动名词。例如:

The singer sang many songs, including some of my favourites.

 这个歌手唱了很多首歌,包括一些我最喜欢的歌。

辨析include, including与included

Your duties will include putting the children to bed.

你的职责将包括让孩子们上床睡觉。

Thirty people, including six children/six children included, went to see the film.

有30个人去看了这部电影,其中包括6个孩子。

Everyone laughed, me included.

每个人都笑了,包括我在内。

【典例分析】

1.我有很多工作要做，包括做饭和打扫房间。

I have much work to do,__________ ____________ meals and cleaning the house.

【答案】including cooking。including是介词引导的介词短语在句中作状语，起补充说明的作用，前面可用逗号隔开。

2.我的工作包括做饭、打扫房间等。

My work __________ __________ meals, cleaning the house and so on.

【答案】includes。include是及物动词，在句中作谓语

3. I have to make breakfast for five people，____me.

A. include               B. including           C. included       D. to include

【答案】B 此题用语法判定法。分析句子成分可知，空格前是一个完整的句子，排除A与C两项。including介词，意为“包括”，与后面的代词me构成介词短语。

4. Congratulations! Most of you have passed the final exam, Tony ________.

A. including            B. include       C. includes             D. included

【答案】D

【解析】including为介词，和其后的名词、代词或动词的­ing形式构成介宾短语；include为动词，在句中作谓语；included为形容词，用在名词或代词后，including ＋名称，代词构成介词短语。

要点8  however

【典例分析】

用but和however填空。

1.He isn't' strong. ___________, he works hard.

2.He isn't' strong, ____________ he works hard.

【答案】第一题有逗号隔开，故用however。第二题用but。

3.I feel a bit tired.________， I can hold on.

A. But        B. Though        C. While           D. However

【答案】D句意：我感到有点累，然而，我能坚持住。A. But但是；B. Though尽管；

C. While当……的时候；D. However然而。根据语境可知这里表示转折关系。根据题意，故选D。

要点9  win ; beat ; lose

Beat vt. 打败…, 战胜…

beat sb 打败某人。其宾语是对手(人或团队), 即表示人的名词或代词.

        win sth. 赢得某物。 其宾语是比赛(game)、奖品(prize)或战争(war)等, 即表示物的名词或代词.

lose：输掉；失败（及物动词+比赛、竞赛、游戏奖品或奖项之类的名词作宾语）

                       （不及物动词 + to+人或团队之类的名词）

【典例分析】

1．—Which team _______ the match, Team One or Team Two?

—Team One _______ Team Two.

A. won; won B. beat; beat

C. beat; won D. won; beat

【答案】D

【解析】句意：哪一个队赢得了比赛的胜利，一队还是二队？——一队击败了二队。充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词；充当beat的宾语的则是比赛、竞争的对手，即指人或球队的名词或代词。故答案为D。

2. This year we trained harder, we shouldn’t ________________ to the other team.

    A. win    B. beat   C. lose   D. defeat

【答案】C

【解析】句意：今年我们训练的更加刻苦，我们不应该再输给另一个队伍了。考查易混动词辨析。win：赢；获胜（及物动词+比赛、竞赛、游戏、奖品或奖项之类的名词作宾语）；beat：打败；击败（及物动词+人或团队之类的名词作宾语）；lose：输掉；失败（及物动词+比赛、竞赛、游戏奖品或奖项之类的名词作宾语）；根据to the other team；故选C。

3.我们赢了这场比赛/获得了第一名。

We ______ the match/game/race/the first place.

 【答案】won  win赢；获胜（及物动词+比赛、竞赛、游戏、奖品或奖项之类的名词作宾语）

We ____________ Team A, so we ____________ the game at last.

【答案】beat  won  beat sb打败某人。其宾语是对手(人或团队)。

要点9

as…as… 意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。常用基本结构为：

as + adj. / adv. + as, 其否定结构为：

not as / so + adj. / adv. + as

【典例分析】

1.Wang Wei speaks English as _____ as Yang Lan．They both study English hard．

1. good         B. well        C. better         D. best

【解析】句意：王伟的英语讲的和杨澜的一样好。他们学习英语都努力。A为形容词 原级；B为副词的原级；C为比较级；D为最高级。本题考查同级的比较。as…as中间用形容词或副词的原级，排除C/D；此处是副词修饰动词speak。故选B。

2.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。

This film is ______ _______ ______ that one.

3.这本字典没有那本字典厚

This dictionary isn’t _____ ______ _______ that one.

【解析】 句式 甲与乙程度相同用 as    as这个句式。答案：as interesting as

            甲不及乙 用否定形式。not as …as 或not so….as 故答案为： so/as thick as

4.用单词的正确形式填空

(1)Grace was as_______________( care) as Tom. They made few mistakes in the exam.

(2)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made few mistakes in the exam.  

(3)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made a few mistakes in the exam.  

(4)English is not so interesting as maths. = English is ___________ interesting __________ maths.

【答案】（1）carful  (2)carefully  (3)careless   (4) as….as

要点 10

learn about意为“了解，得知”。在意义

上与learn单独使用有区别，两者的区别如下：

learn  学习，学会

learn about了解，学到关于……的内容      如：

【典例分析】

我在博物馆里了解到了英国的历史

I ________ ________ the history of England in the museum.

【解析】 learn 学习。 Learn about 学习了解。故答案： learned about

要点11

take pictures of 给……拍照。如：=take photos of

【典例分析】

Let’s take pictures of the beautiful flowers. （同义句改写）

    我们来给这些漂亮的花儿拍照吧。

【解析】 let’s take photos of the beautiful flowers. take pictures of=take photos of

1.我们照了许多名胜古迹的照片。

We _________ _________ _________ _______places of great interest.

【答案】took many photos/pictures of.

2.Please smile. I’ll take a photo         you two.

1.   for      B.to      C.at      D. of

【答案】D 拍下……的照片take photo of

要点12

辨析die，death，dying 和dead 的用法区别。

die 是动词“死，死亡”，

death 是名词“死，死亡”。

dead 是形容词“死的”。

dying是形容词“快死的，垂死的”。

【典例分析】

用die，death，dying，dead的正确形式完成句子：

1.He               in 1989 at the age of 76.

2.Two children were burnt to              in the fire.

3.The man was already             when the other people found him.

4.There is a              lion in the zoo.

【答案】1.died 动词过去式。 2.death 名词，句意：2个孩子被烧死。3.dead 形容词。  4.dying dying是形容词“快死的，垂死的”。 

2. In the old society(社会), many old people ______ cold in the countryside in winter.

A died of             B. died from         C. died away        D. died out

【答案】A

【解析】die of制die from的区别：若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因）, 一般用介词of,若死因不是存在人体之内或之上而是由坏境造成的（主要指事故等方面的外部原因）,一般用介词from。 die out灭绝，死光。Cold 寒冷，感冒，疾病。用A

3. People don’t know why dinosaurs all died out suddenly.

 A. appeared              B. discovered        C. disappeared       D. Disappointed

【答案】D

【解析】die out 是“灭绝，死光”之意。故答案选D

4. Many kinds of animals on Earth are _________.

 A. die from              B. die of            C. dying out          D. died out

【答案】C

【解析】 die from/ die of死于。。。。后面接原因。

1，不定代词: some & any

2，复合不定代词

【典例分析】

1.There is ________ with your car.

A nothing seriously wrong           B.seriously wrong nothing

C．nothing wrong seriously          D．wrong seriously nothing

【答案】A

【解析】形容词修饰不定代词，放在后面。

2.He asked me if there was _______to read.

A. easy enough something                B. enough easy something

C．something easy enough              D．something enough easy

【答案】C

【解析】形容词修饰不定代词，放在后面。Enough修饰形容词也放在形容词后面。

3.I really have something important_______.

A．do            B．to doing                 C．to do           D．does

【答案】C

【解析】复合不定代词与动词不定式连用，不定式必须后置。

4.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.

A．everything        B．anything           C．something        D．nothing

【答案】A

【解析】A．everything  每件事 强调整体。这里指整体，所以A符合。   B．anything 任何事  强调个体。    C．something有些事                 D．nothing没有事。

5.—The exam was difficult, wasn’t it?
—No, but I don’t think ______ could pass it.

A．somebody       B．anybody        C．nobody         D． everybody

【答案】D

【解析】everybody每一人。强调整体。Anybody 任何人，强调个体。

6.There is ____ wrong with your watch. Look! It works well.

A．something      B．nothing            C．everything      D．anything

【答案】B

【解析】从句意看因为表工作很好。故表没有问题。答案选B

7.— Good morning, class. Is ____ here?
— No, sir. Tom is absent(缺席).

A． anyone   B．everyone          C．no one     D． someone

【答案】B

【解析】强调整体用B

8.Everything ____ready.

A．are               B．is        C．be            D．were

【答案】B

【解析】不定代词做主语用单数形式。

二、用some或any填空。

1. Could you give me _________ coffee, please?

2. I heard that he would stay there for __________ days.

3. Don’t take _________ magazines out of the reading room.

4. ---Did he buy __________ cakes or cookies?       ----Cookies, I think.

5. If you have __________ questions, ask me, please.

6. Do you want to take __________ photos?

7. Is there ___________ rice in the kitchen?

8. There are ____________ new buildings in our school.

9. Here are ____________ presents for you.

10. —Are there ___________ pictures on the wall?     —No, there aren’t ____ pictures.

【答案】some  some  any  any  any   any  any  some  some  any  any

三、用复合不定代词填空

1. ___________  is interested in the game because it’s interesting.

2. Be quiet! The teacher has _____________ to say.

3. Money isn’t ________________.    

4. ______________is now playing football.

5. I want ______________ to eat. I’m hungry.

6. Would you like ____________ to eat?

7. Why don’t you ask _____________to help you?

【答案】Somebody   something  everything  Someone  something  something  anyone

【重点词组】 

1. in the countryside 在农村

2. die out灭绝

3. find out找出，发现

4. go for a walk 去散步

5. a number of许多

6. break open 打开，摔破

7. all kinds of 各种各类的

8. look for寻找

9. be important to sb对某人很重要

10.learn about  了解到

【重点句式】

1. Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist

2. Da Vinci was born in the countryside.

3. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.

4. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.

5. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants.

6. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why.

7. However, we can learn about them from their fossils.

8. It will be a great help with your studies.