高考英语一轮复习小题强化练习专题08主谓一致（含解析）

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专题08 主谓一致
限时：（ 35分钟）

（基础题）
单句语法填空
1. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks ________(be) free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
2. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood________(be) of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
3. Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress ________(be) the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare.
4. On the other hand, being young and old at the same time ________(have) its attractions.
5. What people forget ________(be) that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still.
6. Producing food that no one ________(eat) wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
7. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste ________(be) a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
8. Among those taking part in the project________(be)80-year-old Ruth Xavier.
9. Three years _______ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_______ (be) really a long time. 
10. _______ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?
11. My family _______ (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family ______ (be) all party members.
12. The whole class ________ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.
13. The news ______ (be) very exciting.
14. To learn one or two foreign languages _______ (be) very important nowadays.
15. The last and most difficult lesson _______ (be) Lesson 14.
16. I, who _______ your friend, will try my best to help you.
17. The scientist and engineer _______ (have) invented a new machine.
18. Alice，together with her friends，_______ (be) punished for having broken the school rules.
19. Every girl and every boy _______ (have) the right to join the club.
20. —_______ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?
21. —Neither she nor I________(be).
22. Ancient and modern history _____ (be) the subjects we are studying.
23. Many a scientist _______ (have) devoted their lives to science.
24. The old _______ (be) respected in our country.

Key
1. are。名词复数作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
2. is。 动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
3. are。 不可数名词用and连接，表示不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。
4. has。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
5. is。从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
6. eats。复合不定代词作主语谓语动词用单数形式。
7. were。If引导的虚拟条件状语从句，对于现在的虚拟谓语动词用一般过去式，be动词常用were。
8. is。倒装句，主语是Ruth Xavier，谓语动词用单数形式。
9. have; is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时， 通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式（第二空）; 若强调数目，谓语动词用复数形式（第一空）。
10. Is。不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
11. is; are。集体名词family, class等作主语时，如果强调整体（第一空），谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体（第二空），则用复数形式。
12. are。
13. is。某些名词以-s结尾，表面看是复数形式，实际上是单数概念，如physics, news等，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
14. is。当主语是不定式短语，-ing形式短语或主语从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
15. is。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，如果表示的是同一概念，谓语动词一般用单数。该句意为“最后一课十四课是最难的一课。”
16. am。     
17. has。两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。
18. was。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，along with， as well  as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。
19. has。两个并列的名词由each，every， no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。
20. 1Is; am。当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or， either ... or, neither ... nor或 not only ... but also等连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
21. are。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。
22. has。“many a + 单数名词”作主语时，表达的是复数意义，但谓语动词要用单数。   
23. are。“the+形容词 / 过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。
 



（能力题）
1. In the last five years, Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.... （2022年全国甲卷）
2. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _____ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase the effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2022年全国新高考I卷)
3. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___ ___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. (2022年全国新高考I卷)
4. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.(2019·新课标I卷)
5. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared and a BMI of between 19 and __ (consider) healthy.(2021年1月浙江卷）
6. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ________（paint） white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.”（2021年6月浙江卷）
7. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.（2021年1月浙江卷）
8. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _________(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct).”(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
9. The artist was sure he would ________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.(2020•新课标Ⅲ）
10. The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. （2020•山东卷）
11. Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food ________(need).（2020•浙江卷）
12. Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ________ (carry) special significance.（2020•新课标Ⅱ）
13. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.（2020•山东卷）
14. On the last day of our week-long stay, we _____ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
15. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
16. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it______ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
17. I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.(2018·浙江卷)
18. When fat and salt ____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
19. Steam engines __________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
20. Sarah _________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案解析
1. has walked【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
2. were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护，所以要用一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。本句句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。
3. is designed【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。本句句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，维护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。故填is designed。
4. are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
5. is considered【解析】考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
6. was painted【解析】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
7. Was；is constructed【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。
8. means【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
9. be chosen【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
10. are called【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
11. was needed【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
12. carries【解析】 考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
13. is【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
14. were invited【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
15. are【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
16. is 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
17. was shocked. 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
18. are removed 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
19. were used【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were used。
20. was told / has been told 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told / has been told


（真题/新题）

模块综合练08 (2021浙江7月)
一、 阅读理解
A
Leslie Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn’t quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn’t until 1980 — 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
1．Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?
A．He enjoyed watching movies. B．He was eager to earn money.
C．He wanted to be like his uncle. D．He felt he was good at acting.
2．What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?
A．He directed some high quality movies. B．He avoided taking on new challenges.
C．He focused on playing dramatic roles. D．He became a successful comedy actor.
3．What does Nielsen’s career story tell us?
A．Art is long, life is short. B．He who laughs last laughs longest.
C．It’s never too late to learn. D．Where there’s a will there’s a way.
B
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
4．What is the problem with the author’s children?
A．They often annoy their neighbours. B．They are tired of doing their homework.
C．They have no friends to play with D．They stay in front of screens for too long.
5．How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A．By making a documentary film. B．By organizing outdoor activities.
C．By advertising in London media. D．By creating a network of friends.
6． Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A．records B．predicts C．delays D．confirms
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Let Children Have Fun B．Young Children Need More Free Time
C．Market Nature to Children D．David Bond: A Role Model for Children
C
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
8．The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A．distinguish shapes B．make sense of human faces
C．feel happy or angry D．communicate with each other
9．What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A．Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B．Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C．Pictures used in the two stages were different
D．The dogs were photographed before the lest.
10．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．A suggestion for future studies. B．A possible reason for the study findings.
C．A major limitation of the study D．An explanation of the research method.
二、七选五
You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ___12___ ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___13___ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ___14___ So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___15___ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.
A．And that's totally fine
B．That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C．He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D．Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E．On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F．Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G．In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
三、完形填空
My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her ___16___ and visit the doctor, providing ___17___ and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to ___18___ some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was ___19___ about three dollars. The only ___20___ to pay for the groceries was to take off the ___21___ she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol（医用酒精）and a bar of soap. By taking of these, she was able to ___22___ the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people ___23___ and then go off to the side to ___24___ their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a ____25____ came up to her and said, "Here are the things that you ____26____ ." handing her the rubbing alcohol and the ____27____ . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She ____28____ for the woman's name and address so that she could ____29____ her. The woman told her it was her ____30____ .
My mother was so ____31____ by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier（收银员）a five-dollar bill to keep on hand ____32____ the same happened to someone else if they didn't have enough ____33____ for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of ____34____ that not only helped my mother out, but ____35____ too.
16．A．exercise B．housework C．cooking D．shopping
17．A．reward B．medicine C．company D．shelter
18．A．return B．collet C．order D．buy
19．A．short B．cautious C．wrong D．concerned
20．A．aim B．way C．advice D．reason
21．A．weight B．things C．mask D．glasses
22．A．raise B．add C．bring D．switch
23．A．show up B．call in C．check out D．sit down
24．A．store B．select C．deliver D．bag
25．A．stranger B．cashier C．friend D．doctor
26．A．looked for B．talked about C．threw away D．put back
27．A．receipt B．soap C．cash D．bottle
28．A．asked B．waited C．cared D．searched
29．A．repay B．trust C．recognize D．help
30．A．luck B．chance C．gift D．turn
31．A．surprised B．amused C．touched D．convinced
32．A．in case B．even if C．as though D．so that
33．A．energy B．money C．space D．time
34．A．faith B．courage C．kindness D．honor
35．A．made her day B．changed her mind C．caught her eye D．met her demand
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ （sell）most of their furniture.
参考答案：
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Leslie Nielsen的演艺生涯。
1．C 细节理解题。通过文章第一段“his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting. (他的叔叔，是一位著名的演员。Nielsen的叔叔所赢得的钦佩和尊重激励他走上了演艺事业)”可知，Nielsen想当演员的原因是想像他叔叔一样。故选C项。
2．D 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. (这部电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半段，即使影评人对这部电影评价不高，但仅仅凭他的喜剧表演就可以使这部电影获得经济上的成功)”可知，在Nielsen职业生涯的后半段，他成了一个成功的喜剧演员。故选D项。
3．D 推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. (他凭借平凡的努力和决心建立了一个非常成功的事业。他告诉我们，即使是只有一个愿望，永不放弃，也能成就非凡的人生)”可推知，Nielsen的职业经历告诉我们：有志者事竟成。故选D项。
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
4．D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
5．A细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marked to young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David Bond通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
6．A词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一致。故选A项。
7．C主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类的面部表情，但目前还不清楚它们为什么有这种能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。
8．B细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情是高兴还是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。
9．C细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in training.(在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面部表情的能力，向狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶段，狗看的照片是不一样的。故选C。
10．B主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller说：“对我们来说，最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表情的可能原因。故选B。
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Paulo Magalhaes创建postcrossing.com的过程及其现状。Paulo Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人，于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人，因而创立了postcrossing.com。随着公司在全球不断壮大，语言成为沟通的主要障碍，后来英语被选为共同语言方便大家交流。
11．G上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored image of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“... and you realize that not everyone is into it.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from someone far away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用，总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G项。
12．A上文““I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片， ”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样。”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好，因此他也很坦然接受这个事实，因此选项A“那完全没问题”符合语境。故选A项。
13．E上文“Today his hobby has evolved into the website Postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了Postcrossing.com这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况，因此符合文意的只有E选项“8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张”是在介绍该网站相关的数据。故选E项。
14．F上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it.(收到一张用中文写的明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的问题。选项F“Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of the fun away.(同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合，符合结论句的语义要求，故选F项。
15．B上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文“... who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.(他们实际上通过使用明信片来提高他们的英语技能)”可知，写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B “这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难 ”符合语境要求，说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高，因为渠道较少。故选B项。