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高中英语新外研版必修二U3 On the move 知识点
展开高中英语必修二U3 On the move知识点【短语】1.go back 追溯到;回溯到2.to one's heart's content 尽情地;心满意足地3.take...for example 以……为例4.put down 放下;写下5.a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情6.list...against...列出……与……的名单7.around the corner 在拐角处;即将发生8.in turn 相应地;转而;反过来;依次;轮流9.raise money 筹款10.save...from...从……中拯救11.die out 消失,绝迹,灭绝12.as well as 除……之外;此外13. given that 考虑到……【句式】1.That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.足球是一项如此简单的运动,这也许是它受欢迎的基础。2.You don’t need expensive equipment;even the ball doesn’t have to cost much money.你不需要昂贵的设备,就连球也不需要花很多钱。【词汇精讲】equipment意为“装备,设备,用具”,是不可数名词。3.All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags;just like Pelé did when he was a boy.在世界各地,你都可以看到孩子们尽情玩塑料袋做的球,就像贝利小时候一样。【词汇精讲】content表示“满意,满足”时是不可数名词,表示“内容;目录”时是可数名词。4....how they use their bodies to pass,score and defend can be amazing to see...……看他们如何利用自己的身体传球、得分和防守令人称奇……【词汇精讲】defend意为“(比赛中)防卫,防守,辩护”,可作及物或不及物动词。5.All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags;just like Pelé did when he was a boy.在世界各地,你都可以看到孩子们尽情玩塑料袋做的球,就像贝利小时候一样。6.It also has a voice control setting that enables you to stay hands-free,while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable to wear.它还有一个语音控制设置,使您无须用手来操作,而它的防水表带是完全可调的,因此戴着舒适。【词汇精讲】句中的adjustable是形容词,意为“可调节的,可调整的”,可作表语或定语。7.DX Sports Watch is only available online,so go to our website and place your order today!DX运动手表仅在网上提供,请立即登录我们的网站订购!【词汇精讲】available在此处表示“可得到的;可利用的”,通常作表语或定语(后置定语更常见);还可表示“可接受探访的;有空的”,一般作表语。8.Using only a rope,you can develop your footwork and balance.只需一根绳子,就可以训练你的脚步动作和平衡。【词汇精讲】句中的balance是名词,意为“平衡”,balance也可作及物动词,意为“使平衡;权衡”。9.It involves doing very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.它需要做非常缓慢的体育锻炼,以放松身心。【词汇精讲】句中involve是及物动词,意为“包含,需要”,后接动词时要用-ing形式。10.During the interview,listen carefully to each question and try to understand the main ideas within the interviewee’s responses.在采访过程中,仔细听每一个问题,试着理解受访者回答中的主要观点。【词汇精讲】句中的response是可数名词,意为“回答,回应”。11.Whether you’re a professional athlete or keen sportsperson,DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for you.无论您是职业运动员还是热衷于体育的人,DX运动手表都是您理想的选择。12.This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s last remaining gorillas from dying out.这是一项由大猩猩组织发起的项目,目的是筹集资金,以拯救世界上最后剩下的大猩猩免于灭绝。【词汇精讲】die out意为“消失,绝迹,灭绝”,是固定短语。13.We are looking for stories to inspire our readers.我们正在寻找激励读者的故事。【词汇精讲】句中的inspire是及物动词,意为“鼓舞,鼓励”。14.He then persuaded me to try ice hockey.后来她说服我尝试冰球。15.When learning about a new topic,it is important to collect facts and figures.当学习一个新的话题时,收集事实和数字是很重要的。【语法】动词不定式作定语和状语动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,没有人称和数的变化,具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等,但不能作谓语。一、结构基本结构:to+动词原形,有时不定式符号to可以省略。否定形式:not to+动词原形。不定式有形式和语态变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例):形式主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing 完成进行式to have been doing 二、动词不定式作定语不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。动词不定式作定语与被修饰的词之间有一定的逻辑关系。这些关系常见的有三种。1.不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。He told me he had a composition to write.他告诉我他有一篇作文要写。I want to get something to drink.我想喝点东西。此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词,其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。如:Will you please bring me a chair to sit in?请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗?She has nothing to worry about.她没有什么可担心的事。2.不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:He was the last one to arrive.他是最后一个到达的人。Is there anyone to take care of the children?有人照顾这个孩子吗?此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。如:Among the men to take part in the work(=Among the men who are to take part in the work),he is probably the most active.在参加这项工作的人当中,他可能是最活跃的。3.不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于不定式所做某种事情的。如:We have got a new way to kill field mice.我们找到了一种杀死田鼠的方法。I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown.我认为他有机会去他的家乡。She has no time to see the film.她没有时间去看那部电影。4.几点用法(1)不定式作定语,修饰the first,the last,the third等,中心词为不定式的执行者时用to do(主动式),中心词为不定式承受者时用to be done(被动式)。The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave.那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。This is the third question to be discussed.这是要讨论的第三个问题。(2)中心词是由动词派生的名词,原动词常用不定式作宾语,此类名词有wish,decision,refusal,arrangement,intention,agreement,hope,need,plan,promise,failure,attempt等。They made a decision to put off the meeting until next week.他们做出了把会议推迟到下个星期的决定。He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.他表达了参观长城的愿望。He made a promise to be a good boy.他许诺要做一个好孩子。There is no need to build a dam on the small river.没有必要在这条小河上筑坝。(3)中心词是由形容词派生的名词,原形容词常用不定式作状语,此类名词有ability,eagerness,anxiety,patience,willingness等。A good teacher must have the ability to makehimself understood.一个好老师必须有让别人理解自己的能力。(4)名词本身是抽象名词,常用不定式解释其中的内容,此类名词有chance,plan,means,courage,effort,measure,movement,opportunity,power,reason,right,skill,strength,struggle,idea,way,approach等。In our country,everyone has the right to go to school.在我们国家,每个人都有上学的权利。He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。(5)中心词是不定式的执行者,动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生。He had no photographs to remind him of the past.他没有照片来回忆过去。We are in need of nurses to look after the patients.我们需要护士照顾病人。Is there anybody to carry on the work?有人继续做这项工作吗?(6)中心词是不定式的承受者,不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语,不定式通常不能带宾语。不定式的执行者是句子的主语,间接宾语或泛指的人,用主动式to do;强调不定式另有一个执行者,用被动式to be done。I have a letter to post,so I can’t go to swim with you.我有一封信要寄,所以我不能和你一起去游泳。I have a letter to be posted.Can you help me?我有一封信要寄出去,你能帮我吗?注意:不定式为不及物动词时,应有必要的介词。She has a lot of things to attend to.她有许多事情要处理。Is there something to be ashamed of?这有什么值得羞愧的吗?He is looking for a room to live in.他正在找房间住。I have nothing really to complain about.我真的没什么好抱怨的。注意:(1)中心词如果是time,place,way,不定式可省略后面的介词。如:He is looking for a place to live (in).(2)在There be句型中,to do和to be done在多数情况下语义相同。如:There is a lot to be said/to say about the subject.(7)合成词可作前置定语。如:well-to-do family,wait-and-see attitude,difficult-to-solve problem,take-home pay等。三、动词不定式作结果状语动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构:so+形容词/副词+as to do 如此……以至于……such+形容词+名词+as to do 如此……以至于……enough+名词+to do 足够……名词/形容词/副词+enough+to do 足够……too+形容词/副词+to do 太……以致不能……不定式作结果状语,注意下面几种情况:1.only to do表示出乎意料、意想不到的结果。He hurried to the railway station,only to findthe train had left.他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。2.enough to do,too...to do结构。The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.加利福尼亚号来得太晚,没能挽救更多的人。The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school.这个男孩年龄太小以至于不能去上学。3.在so(such)...as to do结构中,意为“如此……以至于……”。I am not such a fool as to believe a cheat.我还没有傻到相信一个骗子。He is so kind as to help the old lady off the bus.他是如此善良以至于帮助这位老人下车。He is not so stupid (such a fool) as to do that.他还没有蠢到做那种事。注意:一般说来,不定式作状语的逻辑主语必须是主句主语,主句主语和不定式的动词存在着动作上的主谓或动宾关系。因此不定式短语作状语可以转化为相应的状语从句。结果不定式so(such)...as to相当于结果状语从句so(such)...that...。
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