高中英语新外研版必修二U5 On the road 知识点

高中英语必修二U5 On the road知识点【短语】1.动身去做  ...set off to do2.开阔心胸  broad the mind3.把...视为...regard...as...4.下定决心做某事  be determined to do5.尤其是；特别是 in particular6.抓紧一切机会做某事take every opportunity to do7.对...产生影响 make an impact on8.说到；涉及到 when it comes to9.环境问题 environmental issues10.对...进行评论 make a comment about11.习惯某人做某事 be used to sb.doing sth.12.随着时间的过去 over time13.让人们意识到这个问题make people aware of the problem14.不妨试一试 give it a go15.申请签证 apply for a visa16.book accommodation 预定食宿17.提前；预先 in advance18.in cash 用现金19.参加；参与 engage in...20.我们成功了  We made it.21.设法做成谋事 manage to do22.a poor sense of direction 方向感太差23.使...高兴起来 cheer sb.up24.指的是 refer to25.做一个旅行计划 make plans for a trip26.appreciate cultural diversity欣赏文化多样【句式】1.In 2013,I was determined to make my dream come true...在2013年,我想使我的梦想成真……【词汇精讲】句中的determined是形容词,意为“坚定的,坚决的”,可作定语或表语。2.It was a challenging job,but I did it.这是一项富有挑战性的工作,但我做到了。【词汇精讲】challenging意为“有挑战性的,考验能力的”,通常作表语或定语。3.This crocodile is used to passengers throwing food from boats and now she is becoming familiar with humans.这条鳄鱼习惯了乘客从船上扔食物,现在她对人类越来越熟悉了。【词汇精讲】familiar是形容词,意为“熟悉的;熟知的”,可作定语或表语。4.If I can do something to make others aware of the problem,then that’s part of the solution.如果我能做些事情让人们意识到这个问题,那这就是解决问题的一部分。【词汇精讲】aware是形容词,意为“知道的;意识到的”,常和介词of连用。5.When I post the picture online,I will make a comment about how bad it is to feed wild crocodiles.当我在网上发布这张照片时,我会对喂养野生鳄鱼有多糟糕发表评论6.People who travel aboard the Bernina Express have the chance to see incredible views.乘坐伯尔尼纳快车旅行的人有机会看到令人难以置信的景色。【词汇精讲】aboard是副词,意为“在船(飞机、火车)上”。7..I checked the embassy website and we don’t need to apply for a visa now.我查了大使馆的网站,我们现在不需要申请签证了。【词汇精讲】apply for意为“申请”,后面通常接名词。8.Have you exchanged foreign currency?你兑换外币了吗?【词汇精讲】句中的exchange是动词,意为“兑换;交换”,exchange还可以作名词,意为“交换;交流”。9..travellers explore unusual or remote destinations,often engaging in risky activities.……探险不寻常或偏远目的地的游客,经常参与危险的活动。【词汇精讲】句中的engage是动词,意为“参与,参加”。10.There is no doubt that the Bernina Express is a journey for travellers who want to get back to nature...毫无疑问,伯尔尼纳快车是(属于)想回归自然的旅行者的旅程…11.We made it!我们成功了!【词汇精讲】make it在句中意为“获得成功”,是固定搭配。12.There were forests,mountains with snowy tops and masses of ice.那里有森林,有积雪的山顶和大量的冰。【词汇精讲】句中的mass是名词,意为“许多,大量”,mass还可表示“团,块”等,常和of连用,构成a mass of或masses of,后接可数或不可数名词。13.Find out what the underlined words refer to.查出带下划线的词指的是什么。【词汇精讲】句中的refer to意为“指的是”。14.Choose a different place you know well and talk about why it is worth visiting.选择一个你熟悉的不同地方,谈谈为什么值得一游。【词汇精讲】worth 是形容词,意为“值得……的,有……价值的”。15.It was then that I realised that her seat was empty! 那时,我才意识到她的座位是空的!【语法】动词的-ing形式作定语动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。动词的­ing形式保留着动词的若干特征，同时又具有形容词、副词、名词等特征，有时态和语态的变化形式。其时态和语态形式如下表所示。形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1.现在分词作定语(1)单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之前。表示现在分词的动作正在进行，分词和所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。(2)分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。所修饰的名词是现在分词的逻辑主语，分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系。此时相当于一个定语从句。(3)作定语的及物动词的现在分词形式为doing和being done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done；作定语的不及物动词的现在分词形式只有doing。◆Can you see the star moving in the sky?你能看见那颗在天上移动的星星吗？◆He spoke in a low voice in order not to wake the sleeping child.为了不吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。◆The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在电影院上映的那部电影很令人激动。[温馨提示] 现在分词作定语，要注意现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间。一般说来，主要有下列两种情况：(1)表示经常性、习惯性动作或现在(当时)的状态(变为定语从句时多用一般现在时态或一般过去时态)。We lived in a room facing the south.→We lived in a room which/that faced the south.(2)表示正在进行的动作(变为定语从句时要用进行时态)。Did you see the girl dancing with your brother.→Did you see the girl who is dancing with your brother.2．动名词作定语动名词作定语用于说明被修饰词的用途、功能或目的，常放在被修饰词之前。◆She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.她一周在当地的游泳池训练五次。◆a reading room＝a room for reading 阅览室◆a washing machine＝a machine for washing 洗衣机◆a walking stick＝a stick for walking 拐杖