高中英语新外研版必修二U6 Earth first 知识点

高中英语必修二U6 Earth first知识点【短语】1.in fear 恐惧的2.be scared/frightened/afraid of 害怕……3.cut off 切割；使中断，使死亡；剥夺（继承权）4.have an effect upon/on 对……有影响5.see……as…… 把……看作……6.the other way round 相反的7.by mistake 错误地8.protect……from…… 使……免受……9.raise awareness of 唤起……的意识10.have/take …… attitudes to/towards 对……持有……的态度11.be willing to 乐意做……，愿意做……12.devote…to… 致力于13.up to  多达；由……决定；直到……14.aim at 目的是……，目标是……15.involve…in…   参与；涉及；卷入16.water supply 水资源供应17.keep…from… 阻止；抑制18.water conservation  水源保护，节约用水19.renewable energy 可再生资源20.carbon footprint 碳足迹21.greenhouse effect 温室效应22.global warming  全球变暖23.solar energy 太阳能24.wind power 风力，风能25.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳26.replace……with…… 用……代替……27.a limited resource 有限的资源28.air pollution  空气污染29.be aware that 意识到……30.the majority of  大多数的……31.take steps to  采取措施做……32.mistake……for…… 错把……认成……33.break down 分解；出故障；（身体上）垮掉34.the amount of  ……的数量35.stand-by mode 待机模式36.remove…from… 移除，移开37.power supply 电源38.common sense 常识39.in some cases 在某些情况下；有时候40.take...into account 把……考虑进去，重视41.in detail 详细地，具体地42.call on 拜访；号召；请求43.urge to 鼓励做……44.save ……from…… 使……免于……45.be concerned that 关心……46.carry out 执行、实行47.contribute to 有助于、捐献、投稿【句式】1.People have always been scared of sharks,but Jaws made things worse.人们一直都恐惧鲨鱼,但《大白鲨》令事情变得更糟糕。【词汇精讲】句中的scared是形容词,意为“害怕的,恐惧的”。2.Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.生切鱼鳍是一种鲨鱼被捕获、鱼鳍被切断的捕鱼方式。【词汇精讲】cut off在句中意为“切断,切掉;剪下”,此外,还有“中断;隔离;隔绝”之意。3.Today,as we learn more about sharks,more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.今天,随着对鲨鱼了解得更多,越来越多的人都想保护它们免遭灭绝。【词汇精讲】extinction是名词,意为“灭绝,绝种”。4.Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.用文章中的单词和短语完成对鲨鱼态度变化的图表。【词汇精讲】句中的attitude是名词,意为“态度,看法”,是可数名词。5.Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film.有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而停止在海里游泳。6.It was an area where fishermen were finning,and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.这是一个渔民生切鱼鳍的地方,海底布满了死去的鲨鱼。7.Now,she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.现在,她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。【词汇精讲】devoted在此处是形容词,意为“专心的;献身的;全心全意的;忠诚的”。8.We’ve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes,which affect the water supply downstream.我们还看到这些变化引起的干旱和洪水,影响下游供水。【词汇精讲】句中的supply是名词,意为“供应”,其复数形式表示“补给品,供应(量)”,作动词,意为“供给,供应”。9.Reduce waste by choosing reusable products...选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费……【词汇精讲】reduce是及物动词,意为“减少,降低”。10.A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone...礼貌地打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人……【词汇精讲】permission是名词,意为“允许,许可”。11.The less energy you use,the less carbon dioxide is released.你使用的能量越少,二氧化碳的释放就越少。12.However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.然而,制造一个纸袋所需的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍,所需的水是制造一个塑料袋的三倍。【词汇精讲】amount是名词,意为“数量,数额,金额”。13.It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.它敦促人们节约食物,不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。【词汇精讲】urge是及物动词,意为“敦促,强烈要求,竭力主张”。14.Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.观察造成碳足迹的三个项目。【词汇精讲】句中的contribute是动词,意为“促成,造成(某事发生)”,contribute还可表示“捐献,捐助,贡献”等。15.The average score of our group is...我们组的平均分数是……【词汇精讲】 average作形容词,意为“平均(数)的;正常的;普通的”,作名词,意为“平均数;平均水平”。【语法】-ing和-ed形式做补语补足语是用来说明宾语或主语情况的成分，在英语中，­ing形式和­ed形式都可以作补足语。1．­ing形式作宾语补足语­ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。能接­ing形式作补语的有两类动词：(1)使役动词：keep, get, leave, have等。◆The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。◆I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.不好意思让你等这么久。(2)感觉、感官类动词：see, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to, find, feel, smell等。◆I felt my heart beating faster.我感到我的心跳得更快了。◆He heard the wind blowing outside.他听到外边在刮风。2．­ed形式作补语­ed形式作宾语补足语既可表示被动又可表示动作已经完成；宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。­ed形式作补语的常见情况：(1)位于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作补语。◆They are going to have the house painted white.他们准备把房子刷成白色。(2)位于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作补语。◆I was sleeping when I heard my name called.我正在睡觉，这时听到有人喊我的名字。◆She was glad to see her child taken good care of.她很高兴看到自己的孩子被照顾得很好。[温馨提示]1．使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：(1)have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事；get sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/某物(开始)做某事。sb./sth.与构成现在分词的动词之间是主谓关系。◆Let’s get the machine running.让我们使这台机器运转起来吧。◆Don’t have the water running while brushing your teeth.刷牙时，别让水一直流着。(2)have sth.done＝get sth.done◆The lady had/got her bag stolen on the bus yesterday.昨天，这位女士的包在公共汽车上被偷了。◆I had/got my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理了发。(3)have sb.do sth./get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事；have sth.to do 有某事要做(to do作后置定语)。◆The manager had his secretary collect some information.经理让他的秘书收集些信息。◆My parents always get me to do some housework.父母总是让我做些家务。2．with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构可在句中作定语或状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)，宾补可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。在此我们重点讲解宾补是分词和不定式的情况。(1)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。◆With his hair cut, he looked much younger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语)(2)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。◆He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。(伴随状语)(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式一般情况下都用主动形式。◆With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go skating with you.因为有很多家庭作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。(原因状语)