初中英语2024届中考名词专项复习（考点清单+精题精练）

这是一份初中英语2024届中考名词专项复习（考点清单+精题精练），共8页。

一、可数名词复数形式的构成方法
1.一般情况下,在名词词尾直接加-s。
2.以[s]、[z]、[5]、[ʒ]、[tj]、[dʒ]等音素结尾
的名词变复数时加-es;如果词尾为e，则只加-s。
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，大多数变y为i
再加-es;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词直接加-s。
4.以f(e)结尾的名词,大多数将f(e)改为v，再加-es。
5.以“辅音字母+”结尾的名词,多数情况下
加-es，pht、pian除外;以“元音字母+0”结尾的名词一般加-S。
6.改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式的名词。
man 的复数为men，wman的复数为 wmen,ft的复数为feet，tth 的复数为 teeth，child的复数为children。
7.表示“某国人”的词变复数时，Chinese、
Japanese等单复数形式相同;Englishman、 Frenchman是把字母a变成字母e; American、Australian Canadian、German等是在词尾直接加-s。
8.合成名词的复数形式。
中间没有连字符或间隔的合成名词,将最后一个词变复数,如 birthdays;中间有连字符或间隔的合成名词,将主体词变复数,如daughters-in-law;“man/wman+名词”式的合成名词,两个名词须同时变为复数形式，如wmen teachers。
“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成合成词作定语,其中的名词用单数形式时,词与词之间须有连字符连接;其中的名词用复数形式时，词与词之间不用连字符,但名词复数形式需变所有格。例如:a tw-week hliday或tw weeks hliday.
10.单复数形式相同的名词。
sheep、deer等名词的单复数形式相同。
11.集体名词的单复数概念及变化形式。
peple意为“人们”时本身即为复数概念;意为“民族”时为单数,其复数形式为 peples,family、team army等侧重整体概念时常以单数形式出现,若表示多个这样的整体有复数形式，其变化规则与其他可数名词变复数时的变化规则一样;若侧重成员则表示复数意义。
二、名词的可数与不可数
12.常见的不可数名词。
物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，如bread mney、paper(表示“纸”之意)、 medicine、advice、music weather等;news虽以s结尾,但它是一个不可数名词。这些词常借助 piece、cup、pair等单位词表示数量,若表示复数概念,需要把单位词变成复数形式。
13.既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词。
fish意为“鱼”时是可数名词,指种类时其复数为fishes,指条数时单复数同形;意为餐桌上的“鱼肉”时为不可数名词。glass意为“玻璃”时为不可数名词;意为“玻璃杯”时为可数名词,复数形式 glasses 还可意为“眼镜”。range 意为“橙子”时为可数名词;意为“橙色”时为不可数名词。 rm 意为“房间”时为可数名词;意为“地方,空间”时为不可数名词。
14.可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语。
(a)few many several a number f a great/gd many a cuple f 和 many a等只能修饰可数名词;(a)little、much、a gd/great deal f a bit f 和 a large amunt f 等只能修饰不可数名词;sme、a lt f.lts f、plenty f all 等既能修饰可数名词复数,也能修饰不可数名词。
三、名词所有格
15.-'s所有格的构成和用法。
一般情况下,可数名词单数的所有格是在名词词尾直接加-'s;以s或es结尾的可数名词复数在其词尾加-';不以s或es结尾的可数名词复数在其词尾加-'s。表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，'s所有格后常不出现它所修饰的名词。表示两人或多人共有时，只需将最后一个名词变为-'s所有格;表示两人或多人分别拥有时，各个名词的词尾都需加-’s表示时间、天气、距离、价格、国家、城市或团体等的名词也常用-'s所有格表示所有关系。
16.f 所有格。
表示无生命事物的名词的所有关系，一般用f所有格。
17.双重所有格。
“f+-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。双重所有格表示部分概念，f前的名词通常有限定词,如a an、ne、 sme、many、any、n等;f后用-’s所有格的名词必须是明确限定的、指人的。
四、名词的词义辨析 ……………
18.各地中考对名词的考查侧重于常见名词的
词义辨析。考生在平时的学习过程中，应该掌握重点词汇的含义,在语境中正确辨析词义,这样才能选择出正确的名词。
【精题精练】
I.单项选择
(一)
1.-What d yu think f yur new huse built by the lcal gvernment?
-Pretty g
D.I have a f happiness nw.
A.warning
B.traditin
C.feeling
D.questin
2.-I like best.
-S d I.I take singing classes every weeken
D.
A.music
B.physics
C.math
D.histry
3.Mr Huang is an excellent English teacher wh has ver 20 years teaching .
A.experience
B.infrmatin
C.knwledge
D.jurney
4.Wuld yu send me sme f yurs?I miss yu very much!
A.magazines
B.phts
C.mney
D.advice
5.Lily is a friend f .
A.Mary's mther's
B.Mary's mther
C.Mary mther's
D.Mary mther
6.Hw much_____d we need t make a banana milk shake?
A.bananas
B.apples
C.cffee
D.milk
7.Spending t much playing cmputer games is bad fr yur
A.time; eye
B.time; eyes
C.times; eyes
D.times;eye
8.-Miss Huang always advises us t practise speaking English after class.
-She is right.Speaking is an imprtant language
A.sign
B.skill
C.suggestin
D.wrk
9.I like this sng.It’s by ne f my favurite
A.singers
B.dancers
C.painters
D.writers
10.Fr his sn’s birthday,Steven is taking him t the new mvie as a
A.task
B.treat
C.chice
D.visit
11.Yu can see the n ur faces when we talk abut the great achievements in the past 70
years.
A.dubt
B.pride
C.regret
D.ability
12.After playing ftball fr mre than half an hur,the students tk rest.
A.a few minute's
B.a little minute's
C.a few minutes’
D.a little minutes
13.I'd like sme and
A.banana; tmat
B.bananas; tmat
C bananas; tmates
D.banana; tmates
14.In China, the clur red is the f gd luck.
A.dream
B.way
C.symbl
D.reasn
15.-It's useless t regret what has been dne.Dn’t make thse mistakes again.
-I wn't.That's a(n)
A.rder
B.decisin
C.prmise
D.agreement
(二)
1.In a restaurant, peple usually chse fds and drinks frm the
A.bk
B.menu
C.newspaper
D.magazine
2.We usually knw abut the histry f a city in the
A.museum
B.factry
C.bank
D.hspital
3.-In China, we use red paper t make hng ba because red means gd luck.
-That’s interesting! I want t knw all the Chinese .
A.traditins
B.sentences
C.ntices
D.prblems
4.His father was a great in Leishenshan Hspital in Wuhan.
A.actr
B.singer
C.vilinist
D.dctr
5.Nbdy thught it easy t finish s much wrk in .
A.tw days'time
B.tw-days time
C.tw day's time
D.tw days time
6.During the pandemic(流行病)many in ur city went t Hubei Prvince as vlunteers.
A.wman dctr
B.wman dctrs
C.wmen dctrs
D.wmen dctr
7.Mike desn’t have enugh mney, s he can nly affrd
A.a bread
B.t much bread
C.a piece f bread
D.many bread
8.-Here is my family .We tk it last year.
-What a happy family!
A.member
B.name
C.pht
D.huse
9.-The air is very fresh in ur city.There is less____than befre.-Yes.The gvernment has taken actin t prtect the envirnment.
A.wd
B.pllutin
C.nise
D.water
10.June 1st is___Day.My sister is happy n that day every year.
A.Wmen's
B.Father's
C.Teachers
D.Children's
11.-Can I help yu, Madam?
-Yes.,please. .
A.Tw pair f scks
B.Tw pairs f scks
C.Tw pairs f sck
D.Tw pair f sck
12.Jane is very thirsty, s she needs sme .
A.water
B.bread
C.cakes
D.rice
13.The prblems are difficult t slve.Please give me .
A.many advice
B.sme advice
C.an advice
D.sme advices
14.-I keep running every day.
-Ww! That's a gd .It can keep yu healthy.
A.task
B.exercise
C.habit
D.plan
15.The by has been missing fr five days and his parents are wrried abut his .
A.attentin
B.safety
C.actin
D.grwth
(三)
1.A factry will be built fr the f this type f new energy cars.
A.psitin
B.ppulatin
C.prductin
D.prnunciatin
2.Many teenagers want t be like Zhng Nanshan when they grw up.
A.writers
B.engineers
C.dctrs
D.inventrs
3.Mr Liu is a wise man, and he ften gives us a few .
A.suggestins
B.advice
C.hbbies
D.knwledge
4.Culd yu please pass me a t write with?
A.ruler
B.tape
C.pen
D.knife
5.-Jim，I have in finishing s much wrk.
-Dn't wrry.I can help yu.
A.ability
B.success
C.experience
D.difficulty
6.As the saying ges, “Where there is a will, there is a .”
A.wish
B.rad
C.way
D.key
7.Sandy really likes eating meat,but she desn’t like eating_ .
A.breads
B.vegetables
C.chickens
D.ndle
8.-Oh,n!We have missed the last bus.What shall we d?
-I’m afraid that we have n but t take a taxi.
A.idea
B.decisin
C.reasn
D.chice
9.-Mre and mre freigners cme t visit the Great Wall.
-That's true.It is the f China.
A.praise
B.pride
C.effrt
D.curage
10.-It's tday, isn’t it?
-Yes, it is.Let’s enjy the mn while eating sme mn cakes tnight.
A.the Lantern Festival
B.the Mid-Autumn Day
C.the Dragn Bat Festival
D.the Spring Festival
11. rm lks very clean.
A.Bb and Dave's
B.Bb's and Dave's
C.Bb's and Dave
D.Bb and Dave
12.He had his hair cut at the___arund the crner.
A.barber
B.barbers
C.barber's
D.barbers
13.-Tmrrw is ur mther’s birthday.Let's buy sme flwers fr her.
-OK.I knw she likes best.
A.dresses
B.rings
C.handbags
D.rses
14.My mther has a pr f directin, s she is always afraid t g ut alne.
A.scene
B.silence
C.service
D.sense
15.Please read the befre yu take the medicine.
A.intrductins
B.explanatins
C.instructins
D.experiments
II.写出下列名词的复数形式
1.bk 2.huse 3.cuntry 4.life
5.pstman 6.her 7.range
8.Japanese 9.factry 10.child
11.tree 12.mnkey
Ⅲ根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)
1.There is a fashin (演出) at the schl hall.
2.Smking is bad fr ur (健康),s we must give it up.
3.My new dress is made f (丝绸).
4.It is imprtant and gd fr us t brush ur (牙齿) after meals.
5.Ya Ming is ne f my favrite basketball (运动员)。
6.It is a gd idea t keep English (日记) every day.
7.My sister wants t be a (模特).
8.There are lts f (蔬菜) in the supermarket, such as ptates and cabbages.
9.Many (地区) f this cuntry have suffered severe drught this invited Lily t have dinner at a French (餐馆).
IV.中所的适当形式填空
streetinstructenergetictmat man teacher
singer tth ruleAmerican cmmunicate
1.That yung man is ne f my favurite pp .
2.Small cars are useful in cities with narrw .
3.The Queqia satellite(卫星) will frm a _bridge between cntrllers n the Earth and the far side f the Mn.
4.Lk, we have muttn, fish, eggs, and juice fr dinner.
5.Many like t have hamburgers fr lunch.
6.Cmputers cannt wrk withut frm human beings.
7.The child is s full f that he can’t keep quiet.
8.There are mre than ne hundred teachers in ur schl,and mst f them are .
9.We shuld brush ur at least twice a day.
10.Yu must fllw the traffic n the way.
V.用所给名词的适当形式填空
1.Many peple g t the park and take (pht) n Sunday.
2.In the mall there are tw (she) shps.
3.“It depends n my (child) decisin,”the mther said and lked at her tw sns.
4.Hw time flies! It is tw (mnth) since we met last.
5.During the Spring Festival,peple in Nrth China usually eat (dumpling)as a traditinal Chinese f
D.
6.Kaili is ne f the mst beautiful (city) in Guizhu.
7.Did the pliceman give sme_(advice)n hw t prtect persnal infrmatin?
8.Many (vlunteer)are playing an active part in making Kunming a beautiful city.
9.Can yu give me sme bttles f (range), please?
10.Hw many (cw) are there n the hill?
VI.将下列汉语译成英语
1.一张纸 2.两瓶可乐
3.一场结婚典礼 4.吉姆的爷爷
5.北京的天气 6.她的一个同学
7.四位男护士 8.六只鹅
9.我的铅笔 10.个人发展