高中英语2024届高考复习完形填空分类练习（议论文）（附参考答案和解析）

这是一份高中英语2024届高考复习完形填空分类练习（议论文）（附参考答案和解析），共9页。试卷主要包含了B    97，考查动词词义辨析，考查名词词义辨析，考查形容词词义辨析，考查介词短语词义辨析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(议论文)
（一）
（2023·上海·上海市民办文绮中学校考三模）
The teenage years f an individual is marked by evaluating ne’s values, experiencing a shift in utlks, and a tendency t act rebellius.It can als be a time when smene becmes extremely 96 t negative influences, and is drawn twards dangerus situatins.On the ther hand, fr parents, the perid f their children’s adlescence means regularly wrrying abut their safety and frmatin as a citizen.Thus, a methd f 97 teenagers’ security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are ften seen as such a measure, since they have prved their 98 .At the same time, certain peculiarities exist abut establishing curfews fr children.
The issue f teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this methd is still rather 99 , and in Eurpean demcracies, where this measure is yet nt s widely used.The first and fremst reasn fr establishing curfews is children’s security. 100 curfews require teenagers under 17 years t stay ut f streets starting frm 11 midnight.This is believed t prtect them frm crimes cmmitted after nightfall, as well as frm breaking the law, and there exists serius evidence 101 this belief.Fr example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-till-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates f juvenile crime were reprted t fall mre than 20 percent.Even mre impressive 102 were recrded in Dallas, which reprted a 30-percent decrease in vilent juvenile crime, and a 21-percent decrease in the verall rates f crimes cmmitted by yung peple(The New Yrk Times).
On the ther hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rb yung peple f their rights, 103 their freedm.This pinin is particularly supprted by the fact that curfew vilatins and the respective charges are amng the mst ften cmmitted juvenile crimes in the United States. 104 , there were reprts claiming that plice arrested mre nn-white teenagers fr curfew vilatins.
All this can cause a teenager t believe they have crssed a psychlgical line dividing them as 105 ; thus, such teenagers may start t see themselves as utlaws, which can 106 cmmitting mre serius crimes than a curfew ffense.
What is imprtant fr a parent t remember when establishing a curfew fr their children is that a teenager’s misjudged view f certain 107 may cause them t misbehave in sme ther way; this is prved by research cnducted by the University f Minnesta, accrding t which teens tend t prtest against what they see as 108 .Cnsidering this, parents shuld 109 the authritarian style f establishing curfews; instead, they shuld have a cnversatin with their teenager that wuld be aimed at finding ideal cnditins fr a curfew that wuld 110 bth sides.
B.subjected C.related D.restricted
B.restring C.ensuring D.expanding
B.reference C.apprach D.efficiency
B.absent C.practical D.accessible
B.Evident C.Critical D.Specific
place f B.in hnr f C.in case f D.in favr f
B.events C.patterns D.links
B.acknwledging C.limiting D.liberating
cntrast B.In additin C.In cnclusin D.In general
B.criminals C.victims D.prtectrs
charge f B.cntribute t C.result frm D.deal with
B.charges C.crimes D.relatins
B.unrealistic C.inadequate D.unfair
B.allw C.avid D.address
B.spare C.surrund D.settle
（二）
（2023·上海·高三校考阶段练习）
Why sme brilliant ideas get verlked?
In 1928, Karl Jansky, a yung radi engineer at Bell Telephne Labratries, began researching static interference that might bscure vice transmissins.Five years later, after building a large rtating antenna (天线) and investigating every pssibility he culd think f, he published his remarkable 111 : sme f the static was cming frm the Milky Way.
Jansky’s thery was eye-catching enugh t be published in The New Yrk Times but scientists were 112 .Radi signals frm uter space? Surely they were t weak t detect.Jansky’s ideas were largely 113 fr abut a decade.He died at the age f 44.Thankfully, he lived lng enugh t see his ideas blssm int field f radi astrnmy.
Jansky’s stry resnates with us: we all like the idea f the researcher wh is s far ahead f their 114 that it takes years fr the rest f the wrld t catch up.Gregr Mendel’s research int plant genetics is a famus example — published in 1866, it was nly verified and taken seriusly in 1900.
The stries f Jansky and Mendel hld ut sme hpe t anyne wh feels that the wrld has nt quite 115 their brilliance.There is even a name fr such cases, cined by Anthny van Raan f Leiden University: “Sleeping Beauties”, scientific papers that receive almst n citatins fr years, befre finding wide 116 .(Sme schlars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recgnitin”.)
S what is it abut an idea that delays recgnitin? One view is that brilliant ideas are verlked when delivered by bscure messengers.Jansky and Mendel were smewhat detached frm (离开) the scientific 117 .In 1970, the scilgist Stephen Cle published an analysis arguing that the bstacle tended t lie in the 118 f the idea itself, rather than the prestige f the scientist behind it.Ideas fell asleep fr a hundred years because they were radical, r cnfusing, r bth.
It is difficult t be sure.Tw schlars f the field, Eugene Garfield and Wlfgand Glanzel, have argued that such 119 f delayed recgnitin are s rare as t be hard t analyse.Studying papers published in 1980 frm the vantage (优势) pint f 2004, they lked fr articles that were barely cited fr five years, then subsequently 120 .They fund just 60 examples in 450,000 cases.There are plenty f examples f research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent ppularity.
Why, then, is this myth such a cmpelling ne? One explanatin, f curse, is that we all lve a stry f the underdg (黑马) wh triumphs against 121 .Immediate and sustained success is as bring as immediate and sustained failure.
Anther is that scientists themselves are fnd f the thught that their ideas are 122 .In an essay n delayed recgnitin, Garfield ntes mildly that ne histrian f science, Derek Price, believed ne f his wn papers was suffering delayed recgnitin.It is easy t chuckle, but it is als easy t empathise.
Delayed recgnitin is rare.Much mre 123 is fr peple simply t reach their prime late in life.David Galensn is an ecnmist wh studies the creative utput f musicians, artists, directrs and thers.Galensn has fund that while it is quite pssible t 124 as a radical yung cnceptual artist, there are many examples f “ld masters” whse later wrks are mre admired than their yuthful nes.
We all need t be able t hld n t the idea that the best is yet t cme.But it is t tempting t hpe that what we have already prduced will, ne day, be recgnized fr its brilliance.Gd things d nt cme t thse wh wait, if 125 is all they d.It is wiser t get back t wrk and make smething better.
B.device C.inventin D.paper
B.uncmfrtable C.unimpressed D.unsatisfactry
B.kept C.ignred D.inspected
B.gal C.schedule D.time
up with B.had a gd cmmand f
C.made gd use f D.taken advantage f
B.platfrm C.space D.visin
B.kingdm C.mainstream D.prf
B.rigin C.ppularity D.presence
B.letters C.reprts D.supprters
ff B.paid ff C.switched ff D.tk ff
authrities B.the dds C.the ppsite D.the wrng
B.underdevelped
C.underequipped D.underperfrmed
B.cmmn C.cmplicated D.difficult
thrugh B.get thrugh C.make ends meet D.make sense
B.scializing C.thinking D.waiting
（三）
（2023·上海·卢湾高级中学校考三模）
Fr a start, we’re nt sure what artificial intelligence (AI) is, which cmplicates ur every cnversatin abut what effect it will have n ur lives.We can’t even really 126 what intelligence is in humans, where the cnversatin inevitably ges away frm science and int philsphy.
As neither a scientist nr a philspher, but with decades f persnal experience n the frnt lines f bth human and machine cgnitin (认知), I prefer t fcus n the 127 .AI will be the greatest technlgical advance since the Internet turned the wrld int a living stream f data.It will eventually be mre 128 than the Internet, changing every part f ur lives in seen and unseen ways.And it’s already 129 .
Frm medical diagnsis t investment banking, frm hiring staff t educating ur children, these increasingly 130 systems are changing the wrld.Whether yu find this terrifying r wnderful is imprtant, because public 131 drives educatin, investment, and regulatin, making the utcme a type f self-fulfilling prmise. 132 , if peple find the rapid advance f intelligent machines terrifying instead f wnderful, it wn’t stp it, but it culd make the utcme much wrse.Pwerful new technlgy nearly always causes distress befre prducing brad benefits.By slwing dwn ur prgress ut f unreasning 133 , we lengthen the distress stage by delaying the next waves f breakthrughs needed t prduce the brader benefits.
There are real and immediate 134 abut the increase in intelligent machines, especially autnmus nes.Rising inequality if autmatin hits lwer-incme peple harder, persnal data being used imprperly by cmpanies… Nne f these issues cme anywhere clse t an existential threat – the killer rbts f Hllywd r the super-intelligent AI that sees n reasn t 135 .It’s as if everyne were curius abut hw we might all ne day be killed by rbts.
As a member f the executive bard f the Fundatin fr Respnsible Rbtics and as a security ambassadr fr Avast Sftware, I’ve becme all t 136 the real threats we may be faced with due t these AI-enhanced machines.And I’m glad that great minds like Stephen Hawking and Eln Musk are vicing their cncerns, and that tp AI authrities like Nick Bstrm are mapping ut the 137 pssibilities.After all, we live with nuclear pwer that culd literally destry the planet, and we certainly want it t be mnitred and used 138 .
But like all ur inventins, AI is capable f being used fr gd r evil. 139 matters, and s making better humans will always be mre imprtant than making smarter machines.Abve all, we must keep 140 , because the nly slutin fr the prblems caused by tday’s technlgy is tmrrw’s.
apart B.disapprve f C.glance at D.agree n
B.practical C.physical D.mental
B.transfrmative C.predictable D.irrelevant
B.misleading C.wrsening D.changing
B.annying C.capable D.simple
B.image C.service D.pinin
shrt B.What’s mre C.That is D.As a result
B.deed C.manner D.passin
B.remarks C.mysteries D.cncerns
humans in B.keep humans arund
C.give humans up D.put humans away
with B.ignrant f C.superir t D.unhappy abut
B.best C.ldest D.wrst
B.respnsibly C.immediately D.genuinely
B.Mrality C.Intelligence D.Autmatin
frward B.lking upn C.calming dwn D.running away
附：参考答案解析
（一）
96.B 97.C 98.D 99.A 100.A 101.D 102.A 103.C 104.B 105.B 106.B 107.A 108.D 109.C 110.A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。为了确保青少年的安全，美国对青少年实行了宵禁。宵禁降低了强少年的犯罪率，非常有效，但是在一定程度上限制了青少年的自由和权利。本文对宵禁这以举措的优点和缺点进行了论述。
96.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也可能是一个人变得非常受到负面影响的时候，并被危险的情况所吸引。A.ppsed反对；B.subjected使经受；C.related联系；D.restricted限制。由下文“and is drawn twards dangerus situatins”可知，被危险的情况所吸引，自然容易受到负面影响，be subjected t固定搭配，意为“遭受；受……影响”。故选B。
97.考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁往往被视为这样一种措施，因为它们已经证明了自己的有效性。A.imprving提高；B.restring恢复；C.ensuring确保；D.expanding扩大。由下文“teenagers’ security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are ften seen as such a measure”可知，为了确保青少年安全的方法而采取了宵禁这种措施，故选C。
98.考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁往往被视为这样一种措施，因为它们已经证明了自己的有效性。A.principle原则；B.reference参考；C.apprach方法；D.efficiency效率；成效。由上文“curfews(宵禁)are ften seen as such a measure, since they have prved their”可知，采取宵禁这种措施，是因为这种措施很有效，故选D。
99.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：青少年宵禁的问题在美国引起了广泛的争论，在美国，这种方法仍然相当流行，而在欧洲民主国家，这种措施还没有得到广泛使用。A.ppular有名的；流行的；B.absent缺席的；C.practical实用的；D.accessible可接近的。由上文“The issue f teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States,”可知，青少年宵禁的问题在美国引起了广泛的争论，这说明在美国，这种方法很流行，故选A。
100.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：典型的宵禁要求17岁以下的青少年从晚上11点或午夜开始不得上街。A.Typical典型的；B.Evident显然的；C.Critical批评的；D.Specific具体的。由下文“curfews require teenagers under 17 years t stay ut f streets starting frm 11 midnight.”可知，此处列举典型例子具体介绍了宵禁的要求，故选A。
101.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这被认为可以保护他们免受夜幕降临后的罪行，以及免受违法行为的伤害，并且有确凿的证据支持这一观点。A.in place f代替；B.in hnr f为了纪念；C.in case f 以防；D.in favr f支持。由下文“ Fr example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-till-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates f juvenile crime were reprted t fall mre than 20 percent.(例如，当新奥尔良在1994年实行从黄昏到黎明的宵禁时，据报道青少年犯罪率下降了20% 以上。)”可知，此处举例子来支持宵禁是有效的这一观点，故选D。
102.考查名词词义辨析。句意：达拉斯的结果更令人印象深刻，报告显示青少年暴力犯罪率下降了30% ，青少年犯罪率整体下降了21%（纽约时报）。A.results结果；B.events事件；C.patterns类型；D.links联结。由下文“which reprted a 30-percent decrease in vilent juvenile crime, and a 21-percent decrease in the verall rates f crimes cmmitted by yung peple(The New Yrk Times).”可知，报告显示青少年暴力犯罪率下降了30%，青少年犯罪率整体下降了21%，这是达拉斯的调查结果，故选A。
103.考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，宵禁可被视为一种预防性措施，剥夺了年轻人的权利，限制了他们的自由。A.prtecting保护；B.acknwledging承认；C.limiting限制；D.liberating解放。由上文“On the ther hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rb yung peple f their rights”可知，有些人认为宵禁限制了他们的自由，故选C。
104.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：此外，有报道称，警方以违反宵禁为由逮捕了更多的非白人青少年。A.By cntrast相比之下；B.In additin此外；C.In cnclusin总之；D.In general一般地。上文描述了宵禁限制了年轻人的自由这一缺点，此处描写了宵禁的另一缺点——警方以违反宵禁为由逮捕了更多的非白人青少年，由此可知，空前句子和空后句子是并列关系，此处应用in additin，表示“此外”，故选B。
105.考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都可能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们划分为罪犯的心理防线；因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒，这可能导致犯下比宵禁更严重的罪行。A.winners获胜者；B.criminals罪犯；C.victims受害者；D.prtectrs保护者。由下文“thus, such teenagers may start t see themselves as utlaws,”可知，所有这些都可能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们划分为罪犯的心理防线，因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒，故选B。
106.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所有这些都可能导致青少年认为他们已经越过了将他们划分为罪犯的心理防线；因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒，这可能导致犯下比宵禁更严重的罪行。A.take charge f 控制；B.cntribute t有助于；促使；C.result frm由……导致；D.deal with解决。由上文“thus, such teenagers may start t see themselves as utlaws”可知，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法之徒，这促使他们犯下比宵禁更严重的罪行。故选B。
107.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在为孩子设立宵禁时，父母需要记住的重要一点是，青少年对某些规定的错误看法可能会导致他们在其他方面行为不端，明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明了这一点，根据这项研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的行为。A.rules规则；B.charges收费；C.crimes犯罪；D.relatins关系。由上文“when establishing a curfew fr their children is that a teenager’s misjudged view f certain”可知，此处指宵禁的一些规定，故选A。
108.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在为孩子设立宵禁时，父母需要记住的重要一点是，青少年对某些规定的错误看法可能会导致他们在其他方面行为不端，明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明了这一点，根据这项研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的行为。A.implite不礼貌的；B.unrealistic不现实的；C.inadequate不足的；D.unfair不公平的。由上文“teens tend t prtest against what they see as”可知，青少年会对他们认为不公平的行为而抗议，故选D。
109.考查动词词义辨析。句意：考虑到这一点，父母应该避免建立宵禁的独裁风格；相反，他们应该与孩子进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的理想条件。A.adpt采取；B.allw允许；C.avid避免；D.address解决。由下文“the authritarian style f establishing curfews; instead”可知，父母应该避免建立宵禁的独裁风格，故选C。
110.考查动词词义辨析。句意：考虑到这一点，父母应该避免建立宵禁的独裁风格；相反，他们应该与孩子进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的理想条件。A.satisfy使满意；B.spare抽出，留出；C. surrund围绕；D.settle定居；解决。由上文“they shuld have a cnversatin with their teenager that wuld be aimed at finding ideal cnditins fr a curfew that wuld ”和下文“bth sides”可知，父母应该与孩子进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找双方都满意的理想条件。故选A。
（二）
111.A 112.C 113.C 114.D 115.B 116.A 117.C 118.A 119.A 120.A 121.B 122.A 123.B 124.A 125.D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么一些绝妙的想法被忽视，并用相关的例子进行说明。
111.考查名词词义辨析。句意：五年后，在建造了一个大型旋转天线并研究了他能想到的所有可能性之后，他发表了他的非凡结论：一些静电来自银河系。A.cnclusin结论；B.device设备；C.inventin发明；D.paper论文。后文“sme f the static was cming frm the Milky Way(一些静电来自银河系)”是他得出的结论。故选A。
112.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Jansky的理论引人注目，足以发表在《纽约时报》上，但科学家们却不为所动。A.unreliable不可靠的；B.uncmfrtable不舒服的；C.unimpressed不感兴趣的；D.unsatisfactry不令人满意的。根据后文“Radi signals frm uter space? Surely they were t weak t detect.(来自外太空的无线电信号？他们肯定太弱了，无法察觉)”可知，科学家们不为所动。故选C。
113.考查动词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了。A.criticized批评；B.kept保持；C.ignred忽视；D.inspected检查。根据后文“He died at the age f 44.Thankfully, he lived lng enugh t see his ideas blssm int field f radi astrnmy.(他在44岁时去世。谢天谢地，他活得足够长，看到他的想法在射电天文学领域开花结果)”可知，扬斯基的想法在大约十年的时间里基本上被忽视了，死后想法在射电天文学领域开花结果。故选C。
114.考查名词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基的故事引起了我们的共鸣：我们都喜欢这位研究人员的想法，他远远领先于他们的时代，以至于世界上的其他人需要几年的时间才能赶上。A.missin任务；B.gal目标；C.schedule计划表；D.time时代。根据上文“we all like the idea f the researcher wh is s far ahead f their”可知，为短语ahead f time表示“领先时代，提前”。故选D。
115.考查动词短语辨析。句意：扬斯基和孟德尔的故事给那些认为世界还没有完全了解他们的才华的人带来了一些希望。A.caught up with赶上；B.had a gd cmmand f掌握；C.made gd use f充分利用；D.taken advantage f占便宜，利用。根据上文“The stries f Jansky and Mendel”可知，扬斯基和孟德尔的才华在当时被世界所忽视，所以这里指给那些认为世界还没有完全了解他们的才华的人带来了一些希望。故选B。
116.考查名词词义辨析。句意：莱顿大学的Anthny van Raan甚至为这类案例创造了一个名字：“睡美人”。这些科学论文在得到广泛关注之前，多年来几乎没有人引用。A.attentin关注；B.platfrm平台；C.space空间；D.visin幻想。根据后文“Sme schlars argue that the term is sexist and prefer “delayed recgnitin”.(一些学者认为这个词是性别歧视，更喜欢“延迟识别”)”可知，这些科学论文一开始没有人得到广泛关注，故选A。
117.考查名词词义辨析。句意：扬斯基和孟德尔在某种程度上脱离了科学主流。A.data数据；B.kingdm王国；C.mainstream主流；D.prf证据。根据上文“One view is that brilliant ideas are verlked when delivered by bscure messengers.(一种观点认为，杰出的想法被默默无闻的信使所忽视)”可知，此处指扬斯基和孟德尔在某种程度上脱离了科学主流。故选C。
118.考查名词词义辨析。句意：1970年，社会学家斯蒂芬·科尔发表了一篇分析文章，认为障碍往往在于这个想法本身的内容，而不是背后科学家的声望。A.cntent内容；B.rigin起源；C.ppularity受欢迎；D.presence存在。根据后文“f the idea itself, rather than the prestige f the scientist behind it”可知，斯蒂芬·科尔发表了一篇分析文章，认为障碍往往在于这个想法本身的内容，而不是背后科学家的声望。故选A。
119.考查名词词义辨析。句意：该领域的两位学者尤金·加菲尔德和沃尔夫冈·格兰泽尔认为，这种延迟识别的例子非常罕见，以至于很难分析。A.examples例子；B.letters信；C.reprts报告；D.supprters支持者。根据后文“There are plenty f examples f research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent ppularity.(有很多研究的例子很少被引用；罕见的是它们后来的流行)”可知，此处指的是延迟识别的例子非常罕见，以至于很难分析。故选A。
120.考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们从2004年开始研究1980年发表的论文，寻找那些在五年内几乎没有被引用的文章，然后就中断了。A.brke ff中断；B.paid ff支付；C.switched ff关闭；D.tk ff起飞。根据后文“There are plenty f examples f research that is barely cited; what is rare is their subsequent ppularity.(有很多研究的例子很少被引用；罕见的是它们后来的流行)”可知，他们寻找那些在五年内几乎没有被引用的文章，然后就中断了。故选A。
121.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，有一种解释是，我们都喜欢弱者战胜逆境的故事A.the authrities当局；B.the dds逆境；C.the ppsite相反；D.the wrng错误。根据上文“Immediate and sustained success is as bring as immediate and sustained failure.(即时持续的成功和即时持续的失败一样无聊)”可知，我们都喜欢弱者战胜逆境的故事。故选B。
122.考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是科学家们自己喜欢认为他们的想法不被重视。A.underappreciated不受重视；B.underdevelped发展不完全；C.underequipped装备不足；D.underperfrmed表现不佳。根据后文“In an essay n delayed recgnitin, Garfield ntes mildly that ne histrian f science, Derek Price, believed ne f his wn papers was suffering delayed recgnitin.(在一篇关于延迟认可的文章中，加菲尔德温和地指出，科学历史学家德里克·普莱斯认为他自己的一篇论文受到了延迟认可)”可知，另一个原因是科学家们自己喜欢认为他们的想法不被重视。故选A。
123.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更常见的是，人们只是在晚年才达到巅峰。A.challenging调整性的；B.cmmn普通的；C.cmplicated复杂的；D.difficult困难的。根据后文“there are many examples f “ld masters” whse later wrks are mre admired than their yuthful nes(但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏)”可知，更常见的是，人们只是在晚年才达到巅峰。故选B。
124.考查动词短语辨析。句意：盖伦森发现，作为一个激进的年轻观念艺术家，虽然很有可能取得突破，但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏。A.break thrugh突破；B.get thrugh度过；C.make ends meet收支平衡；D.make sense有意义。根据后文“as a radical yung cnceptual artist”以及while引导让步状语从句，可知，作为一个激进的年轻观念艺术家，虽然很有可能取得突破，但有很多“老大师”的后期作品比他们年轻时的作品更受赞赏。故选A。
125.考查动词词义辨析。句意：好事不会降临那些等待的人身上，如果他们只会等待的话。A.cmplaining投诉；B.scializing社交；C.thinking思考；D.waiting等待。根据上文“Gd things d nt cme t thse wh wait”可知，好事不会降临那些等待的人身上，如果他们只会等待的话。故选D。
（三）
126.D 127.B 128.B 129.A 130.C 131.D 132.C 133.A 134.D 135.B 136.A 137.D 138.B 139.B 140.A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是AI的发展在改变我们生活的同时也让我们很担忧，但是我们还是要继续前进，因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办法就是明天的技术。
126.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们甚至不能就人类的智力是什么达成一致，这个话题不可避免地从科学转向哲学。A.tell apart分辨；B.disapprve f不赞成；C.glance at看一眼；D.agree n达成一致。根据上文“we’re nt sure what artificial intelligence (AI) is”可知，句子表示“我们甚至不能就人类的智力是什么达成一致”。故选D。
127.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我既不是科学家也不是哲学家，但我在人类和机器认知的前沿都有几十年的个人经验，所以我更喜欢关注实际。A.theretical理论的；B.practical实际的；C.physical物理的；D.mental精神的。根据下文“AI will be the greatest technlgical advance since the Internet turned the wrld int a living stream f data”可知，作者更关注实际情况。故选B。
128.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它最终将比互联网更具变革性，以可见或不可见的方式改变我们生活的方方面面。A.specialized专业的；B.transfrmative有改革能力的；C.predictable可预测的；D.irrelevant不相关的。根据下文“changing every part f ur lives”可知，AI比互联网更具变革性。故选B。
129.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这已经发生了。A.happening发生；B.misleading误导；C.wrsening恶化；D.changing改变。根据上文“changing every part f ur lives”和现实情况可知，AI已经正在改变我们的生活，因此空格处用“发生”。故选A。
130.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从医疗诊断到投资银行业务，从招聘员工到教育我们的孩子，这些日益强大的系统正在改变世界。A.intense严肃紧张的；B.annying令人恼火的；C.capable能干的；D.simple简单的。根据上文“Frm medical diagnsis t investment banking, frm hiring staff t educating ur children”可知，医疗诊断，投资银行业务，招聘员工和教育孩子，这些系统都是很能干的。故选C。
131.考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你觉得这是可怕的还是美妙的，这都很重要，因为公众舆论推动着教育、投资和监管，使结果成为一种自我实现的承诺。A.health健康；B.image图像；C.service服务；D.pinin看法。根据上文“yu find this terrifying r wnderful”可知，此处说的是大众对AI的看法。故选D。
132.考查固定短语辨析。句意：也就是说，如果人们发现智能机器的快速发展是可怕的，而不是美妙的，它不会阻止它，但它可能会使结果变得更糟。A.In shrt简而言之；B.What’s mre此外；C.That is也就是说；D.As a result结果。根据上文“public ___6___ drives educatin, investment, and regulatin, making the utcme a type f self-fulfilling prmise”和下文“if peple find the rapid advance f intelligent machines terrifying instead f wnderful, it wn’t stp it”可知，空后是在解释前面这句话，因此空格处是“也就是说”。故选C。
133.考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于毫无理由的恐惧而放慢我们的进展，我们就会拖延下一波产生更广泛利益所需的突破，从而延长痛苦阶段。A.fear害怕；B.deed行为；C.manner态度，举止；D.passin热情。根据上文“if peple find the rapid advance f intelligent machines terrifying instead f wnderful”可知，句子表示“由于毫无理由的恐惧而放慢我们的进展，我们就会拖延下一波产生更广泛利益所需的突破，从而延长痛苦阶段”，空格处意为“害怕”。故选A。
134.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于智能机器，尤其是自主机器的增长，存在着切实而紧迫的担忧。A.rumrs谣言；B.remarks言论；C.mysteries奥秘；D.cncerns担心，忧虑。根据下文“Rising inequality if autmatin hits lwer-incme peple harder, persnal data being used imprperly by cmpanies”可知，此处指的是人们有担忧。故选D。
135.考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果自动化对低收入人群的冲击更大，不平等加剧，个人数据被公司不当使用……这些问题都不会对生存构成威胁——好莱坞的杀手机器人，或者认为没有理由让人类留在身边的超级智能人工智能。A.take humans in接纳人类；B.keep humans arund让人类留在身边；C.give humans up放弃人类；D.put humans away把人类关起来。根据上文“the killer rbts f Hllywd”和下文“It’s as if everyne were curius abut hw we might all ne day be killed by rbts”可知，此处表示“认为没有理由让人类留在身边的超级智能人工智能”。故选B。
136.考查形容词短语辨析。句意：作为Fundatin fr Respnsible Rbtics的执行委员会成员和Avast Sftware的安全大使，我对这些人工智能增强的机器可能给我们带来的真正威胁太熟悉了。A.familiar with熟悉；B.ignrant f对……无知；C.superir t优于；D.unhappy abut不高兴。根据下文“After all, we live with nuclear pwer that culd literally destry the planet, and we certainly want it t be mnitred”可知，作者对这些人工智能增强的机器可能给我们带来的真正威胁太熟悉了。故选A。
137.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴像斯蒂芬·霍金和埃隆·马斯克这样的伟大思想家表达了他们的担忧，像尼克·博斯特罗姆这样的顶级人工智能专家正在规划最坏的可能性。A.newest最新的；B.best最好的；C.ldest最旧的；D.wrst最坏的。根据上文“the real threats we may be faced with due t these AI-enhanced machines”可知，此处指的是“人工智能专家正在规划最坏的可能性”。故选D。
138.考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，我们生活在可以摧毁地球的核能中，我们当然希望它得到负责任的监控和使用。A.ccasinally偶尔；B.respnsibly认真负责地；C.immediately立刻；D.genuinely真诚地。根据上文“the real threats we may be faced with due t these AI-enhanced machines”可知，人工智能增强的机器对我们有威胁，所以希望它得到负责任的监控和使用。故选B。
139.考查名词词义辨析。句意：道德很重要，所以创造更好的人类永远比创造更智能的机器更重要。A.Technlgy技术；B.Mrality道德；C.Intelligence智力；D.Autmatin自动化。根据上文“AI is capable f being used fr gd r evil.”和下文“making better humans will always be mre imprtant than making smarter machines”可知，因为AI可能对人类不好，所以在创造智能机器时道德很重要，所以创造更好的人类永远比创造更智能的机器更重要。故选B。
140.考查动词短语辨析。句意：最重要的是，我们必须不断前进，因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办法就是明天的技术。A.mving frward朝前方前进；B.lking upn看待；C.calming dwn平静下来；D.running away跑开。根据下文“because the nly slutin fr the prblems caused by tday’s technlgy is tmrrw’s”可知，我们必须不断前进，因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办法就是明天的技术。故选A。