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【期中单元考点讲义】(牛津上海版) 2023-2024学年六年级英语上册Unit 2 I have a good friend考点讲义
展开Unit 2 I have a good friend
Family and relatives | 话题 | 家庭成员 |
词汇 | 1. poem n. 诗歌 2. poet n. 诗人 3. friend n. 朋友 4. friendly a. 友善的 5. visit v. 参观 6. visitor n. 游客,参观者 7. pollute v. 污染 8. pollution n. 污染物 9. help v. 帮助;helpful a. 有帮助的; helpless a. 没有帮助的 ; 12. care n. 关心 ;careful a. 小心的; careless a. 粗心的 15. use ; v. 使用; reuse v. 再次使用;.useful a. 有用的 | |
短语 |
13. keep sth. + a. 14. pick up rubbish 15. tell sb. (not) to do sth. | |
句型 | 1.he doesn’t talk at all. = She never talks. 她从不说话。 2. We go to the park almost every day. 我们几乎天天去公园。 3. She can read and write. 她会读和写。 and 用于肯定句,改为否定或疑问句时变为 or 4. They like to be together. 他们喜欢在一起。 5. She sometimes watches TV. 她有时候看电视。 6. She is always friendly and helpful. 她一直很友善而且乐于助人。 7. She never tells lies. 她从不说谎。 8. I have already / just been to Shanghai. 我已经/刚刚去过上海了。 9. I haven’t (have not) been to Shanghai yet. 我还没去过上海。 10. - Have you been to Shanghai yet? 你去过上海了吗? -Yes, I have. - No, I haven’t. 11. What about going to Shanghai? = How about going to Shanghai? = Why not go to Shanghai? | |
语法 | 一般将来时 现在完成时 | |
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考点1. almost adv.1)几乎 Dinner is almost ready. 2)实际上,简直(用于 no, nobody, none, nothing, never 之前)
【例题】
Almost no one believed him. 基本上没人相信他。
【辨析】
区别almost和nearly almost / nearly 相同点:“几乎,将近,差不多”,当于动词、副词、形容词及名词连用时,意义 接近,可互换。 It's nearly lunchtime.= It's almost lunchtime.
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考点2. never adv.从不; always adv. 总是,一直
【例题】
- She always works hard. She is never late for school. She never gets angry.
她一直工作努力。她上学从来不迟到。她从来不生气。
【拓展】
注意 always 和 never 在句中的位置,它们都是副词常用于 be 动词之后、行为动词之前。
【练一练】
1.She angry with me.
A) always is B) is always C) always be D) be always
【答案】B
考点3.other prep. 另外,其他
【例句】
It’s hard to tell me the twin brothers one from the other. 这对孪生兄弟很难辨认。
【拓展】
★other 的复数形式为 others.
★other 还可以作形容词+名词复数.
★each other 互相 ,彼此
考点4.friendly adj. 友好的
【例句】
Our English teacher is friendly to us. 我们的英语老师对我们很友好。
【拓展】
★be friendly to sb.“ ... 对某人友好”或“ 对某人友善”,指对别人的态度友好,相当于 be kind to sb.。
★be friendly with sb. “ 和某人关系友好” 或“ 与某人要好”, 指的是两者的关系。
【知识链接】
friend n.朋友 friendship n.友谊;友情
【练一练】
1.Nancy is always (friend) to his classmates. So they all like her.
【答案】friendly
2.As a good student at school, you should always be friendly others.
A) for B) to C) with D) at
【答案】B
考点5.granddaughter n. 孙女;外孙女
【例句】--- Who is the girl in red dress?
--- She is my granddaughter.
【拓展】
grandfather 祖父,外祖父
grandmother 祖母,外祖母
grandson 孙子,外孙
考点6.helpful adj. 有帮助的
【例句】
1.We should be a helpful person. 我们应该成为一个有用的人。
2.Tom is only a helpless baby. 汤姆只是一个需要人照顾的婴儿。
【拓展】
help v./ n.帮助 helper n.助手 用的
helpful adj.有帮助的 helpless adj. 无助的,无
help sb to do/ do /with
【练一练】
It is (help) to read English in the morning.
【答案】helpful
考点7.kind n. 友好的,宽容的
【例句】
She is always kind to me when I am unhappy. 我不开心的时候,她总是对我很好。
【拓展】
★be kind to意为“对…….友好”
【练一练】
3.My grandmother is both __ __ (kindness) and funny.
【答案】kind
考点8.naughty adj. 淘气的
【例句】
He’s a very naughty child. 他是个很调皮的孩子。
【练一练】
Tom always breaks the classroom rules and fights with others. He is very n .
【答案】naughty
考点9.lie n. 谎言
【例句】
Tom tells a lie to his mother. 汤姆向妈妈撒了一个谎。
【拓展】
1)说谎 2)躺,平卧 3)位于
lie(平躺) 分词) lay(lie 的过去式) lain(lie 的过去分词)
lie(撒谎) 在分词)lied(lie 的过去式) lied(lie 的过去分词)
lay(孵蛋,平躺) 在分词)laid(lay 的过去式) laid(lay 的过去分词)
口诀:规矩的小孩不撒谎(lie lied lied ),乱七八糟地躺着(lie lay lain)。lying (现在 lying(现 laying(现
【练一练】
You’d better not lies, It’s not good for you.
A) speak B) talk C) say D) tell
【答案】D
考点10.pollute v. 污染 ; 玷污,败坏
【例句】
The sea is polluted by the oil.
【拓展】
1.pollution n.
【常见词组】
air pollution 大气污染
land pollution 土地污染
water pollution 水污染
ground water pollution 地下水污染
ocean pollution 海洋污染
noise pollution 噪音污染
考点11. keep v. 保持 keeper n. 看守者,经营者
【例句】
I am sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让您久等了。
【拓展】
Keep+adj/keep+doing sth
【常见词组】
1)keep away from sb./ sth. 不接近某人、某物
2)keep an eye on 注意,看守
3) keep out 留在外面
4) keep up with sb./ sth. 跟上...,赶上....
考点12. promise v.承诺,保证
【例句】
The sea is polluted by the oil.
【拓展】
promise (not) to do sth. 承诺(不)做某事
promise n. 诺言,承诺
【常见词组】
make a promise 答应;许诺
keep one's promise 遵守诺言
break one's promise 违背诺言
一.语法精讲——频度副词及现在完成时
一、频度副词用法:
always ,usually ,often ,sometimes ,seldom和 never 在一般现在时中的用法 :放在 be 动词、助动词后面,放在行为动词前面。
★always
always 意为“总是”,与进行时态连用时,可以表示赞扬,也可以表示讨厌等感情色彩。e.g.
(1)I shall always remember my first day at school. 我将永远记住我上学的第一天。
(2)He is always smoking. 他总是抽烟。
★usually
usually可以指通常的动作,但是侧重已经形成的习惯,它是从已经形成的角度来说明动作。e.g.
(1)I usually do some shopping with my parents on Sundays. 我经常在星期天和我的父母一起去买东西。
(2)He usually goes to school by bike. 他通常骑自行车上学。
★often
often是指经常性的动作,意思为“常常, 经常”。e.g.
(1)Children don't often do homework. 孩子们经常不写作业。
(2)He is often late for school. 他经常上学迟到。
★sometimes
sometimes意思为“有时,不时”,表示次数较少(低于often所表达的次数),常常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。e.g.
(1)Sometimes he goes to work by bike, and sometimes he goes by bus.
有时候他骑自行车上班,有时候他乘公共汽车上班。
(2)Sometimes I helped my parents in the house. 有时候我帮助父母做家务。
★hardly
hardly意思为“难得, 几乎从来不”,它所表示的次数非常少。e.g.
(1)He hardly drinks. 他几乎不喝酒。
(2)She hardly plays cards. 她几乎不打牌。
★never
never意思为“决不, 从未”,表示一次也没有。e.g.
(1)He never lives there. 他从来都没有在那儿住过。
(2)She never has anything to do. 她一向无所事事。
二、现在完成时
基本概念: 现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或有无某方面的经历。 时态构成:have/has + 动词过去分词
现在完成时态是很难掌握的一种时态,因为它并不是表示发生在某一时间的
事情,而是既涉及过去,又联系现在的一种时态。
比较:I live in Shanghai. 我住在上海。(一般现在时)
I moved to Shanghai ten years ago. 十年前我搬到上海住了。(一般过去时)
I have lived in Shanghai for ten years. 我在上海住了十年了。(现在完成时)
用法详解
现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。
其中的 have / has 为助动词,构成疑问句时,可将其提前;构成否定句时,可直 接在其后加 not。
过去分词的构成
★一般情况→词尾+ed
★以不发音字母 e 结尾→词尾+d
★以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母→双写词尾+ed
现在完成时的用法
表影响:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,可 以和 already, yet, just 等连用。
1) I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。(照片不在我这里了)
2) ---have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗? ---Yes, I have just had it.
是的,我吃了,我刚刚吃过。(现在不饿了)
表继续:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,还可能继续下去的动作或状态, 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。如:this morning, these days, in the last (past)…, since, for a long time 等。
1) They have lived here since 1989. 自从 1989 年以来,他们就住在这里。
2) She has been there for over two years. 她在那里两年多了。
表经验:表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情,常和 never, ever, once, three times, before 等连用。
1) I have never been to Egypt before. 我以前从没去过埃及。
2) He has been to Egypt three times. 他去过埃及 3 次了。
【练一练】
(一)
1.Lisa loves reading. She in her free time.
(A) always sleeps (B) often reads novels
(C) sometimes sleeps (D) seldom reads novels
2.Linda: does John go shopping?
Judy: He seldom goes shopping. Maybe once or twice a year.
(A) How (B) How much (C) How often (D) How many
3.Mary does not always go to school early. She's late for school.
(A) always (B) usually (C) sometimes (D) never
4.I usually say to my classmates when I meet them in the morning.
(A) good morning (B) good evening (C) good night (D) good bye
5.She in her bed, but it is not good to her eyes.
(A) always sleeps (B) never studies (C) often studies (D) seldom sleeps
6.He hungry after school, so he eats a snack before he goes home.
(A) is never (B) always is (C) never is (D) is always
(二)
( ) 1. We ___ a new school in my hometown recently (最近).
- build B. have built
C. built D. will build
( )2.----Did your brother go to America last year?
---- ________.
A. No, he did never go there
B.No, he has never gone there
C. No, he never was there
( ) 3 _____ the Great Wall?
- Have you ever gone to
C. Do you ever go to
D. No, he's never been there
B. Are you ever going to
D. Have you ever been to
( ) 4.I___ the book yet.
A. haven't read
B. hadn't read
C. don't read
D. am not reading
( ) 5 They left for Beijing last month and we ___ them ever since.
A. don't hear from
B. haven't heard from C. won't hear from
D. didn't hear from
( ) 6 He says he___ the book several times already this year.
A. had read
B. has read
C. will read
D. is reading
【答案】BCAACD BDDABB
【重点短语回顾】
1.talk to her: 和她谈话
2.not…at all:一点也不,根本不
3.go out at night:晚上出去
4.like to be together:喜欢在一起
5.walk to school= go to school on foot:步行上学
6.help each other:互相帮助
7.help other people:帮助别人
8.work hard:学习努力
9.get angry:生气
10.share her food with me:和我分享她的食物
11.tell lies:撒谎
12.live in the USA:住在美国
13.for the first time:第一次
14.on Saturday:在周六
15.Friends of the Earth:地球之友
16.look after the environment:保护环境
17.pollute the environment:污染环境
18.help keep the environment clean:帮助保持环境整洁
19.pick up rubbish:捡起垃圾
20.put rubbish into rubbish bins:把垃圾扔到垃圾箱里
21.tell people not to leave rubbish:告诉人们不要丢垃圾
【重点语法回顾】
1.talk的相关短语
和某人谈话:talk to sb.
谈论某事:talk about sth.
和某人谈论某事:talk to sb. about sth.
*和某人交谈:talk with sb.
2.not…at all: 一点也不
Not at all: 不用谢,没关系
3.喜欢做某事:like to do sth.= like doing sth.
4.肯定句中连接并列成分的and 变为否定句, 要改成or
5.步行上学:walk to school = go to school on foot
6.和某人分享某物:share sth. with sb.
7.互相帮助:help each other
相爱:love each other
互相学习:learn from each other
- 努力工作:work hard= be hardworking
- have/has been to sp. 去过某地
- 1).经常和already(已经),just(刚),yet(还)连用
already:“已经”,用于肯定句中(have/has之后)
just: “刚”,用于肯定句(have/has之后)
yet:“尚,还”,用于否定句和一般疑问句句末
2).否定式:haven’t /hasn’t been to sp.
一般疑问式:直接将have/ has 提到句首
回答:Yes, …have/has.
No, …haven’t/hasn’t.
3) .当sp.是here, there 或home时,to 要省略
- what about+ Ving = How about + Ving
- 照顾,照看:look after=take care of
好好照顾某人:look after sb. well = take good care of sb.
- 帮助某人做某事:help sb. (to) do sth.= help sb. with sth.
- 告诉某人做某事:tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事:tell sb. not to do sth.
15.承诺做某事:promise to do sth.
承诺不要做某事:promise not to do sth.
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