【牛津译林版】8A Unit4 知识点梳理

8A Unit4 知识点详解What should I do? I don’t know. = I don’t know what I should do. (从句陈述句语序)= I don’t know what to do. (特殊疑问词+to do)类似结构：如何做 ________________ 做什么 __________________ 什么时候离开 ___________________ 去哪儿 _________________Here come a cat and two dogs. (全倒装：Here+谓语+主语)  Here he is. (半倒装：Here+主语+谓语)  倒装句：动词单复看主语  没有现在进行时。Look! Here ___________ (come) the bus!instruction 指示;说明 可数 an instruction  some instructions明确的指示_____________区分：tips for (doing) sth (做)某事的提示4. tools 工具: 可数: 刷子brush(es)  绳子rope(s)  不可数: 胶水glue  胶带tape复数名词 剪刀scissors   Eg. A pair of scissors _______ cheap. When we use scissors, we should be careful with _______.5.No problem! 没问题  have problems with sth  I have problems __________ English. have problems (in) doing sth.  I have problems ________________ (learn) Englsih.6.It says/reads, “Do it yourself.” 写着    看书/报 read books/newspapers7. exact adj.确切的 Can you tell me the _____________ number of the visitors.  exactly adv. 确切地; 精确地 Can you tell me ____________ the number of the visitors?8. stand for代表/象征/意味  stand-stood  The Great Wall _____________ China.  ________ the Great Wall stand for China? (一般疑问句)  ________  _________ the Great Wall stand for? (特殊疑问句)decorate v.装修 Thank you for _____________ my new house. 过去式：decorated10. instead adv. 反而，却。位于句首(逗号隔开)，或句末   instead of+n/V-ing  而不是；代替 Eg. I won’t play the piano this afternoon. Instead, I will play basketball.= I will play basketball ______________________ the piano this afternoon.人pay sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事          人pay (钱) for sth 付(多少)钱买某物11. It sounds/looks lovely. 系动词+形容词  Does it sound/look lovely?12. 行为动词need：(1)need sth  (2)need to do sth  (3)need sb to do sth  (4)need ...for sth情态动词need：needn’t do sth 不必Eg. You don’t need to do exercise every day. = You ___________  ___________ every day.13. be crazy about sb./sth./doing sth.  对…着迷  crazy-crazier- the craziestEg. My mother is _______________ (痴迷的) about making paper roses in my family.14. terrible adj. 可怕的 That sounds/looks _____________   terrible-terribly adv. 可怕地；非常，极度地  Eg. be___________ ill/hurt     I’m __________ sorry for being late.15. try to do sth. 努力/试图/设法做某事   try not to do sth. 尽量不要做某事16. put in sth. 安装（门，窗，灯, 淋浴器...）       put -putting  put - put（过去式）   put up 张贴,悬挂,举起,搭建    put up a notice/a poster/a picture/ your hands/ a tent/ a shelf其他：put out 扑灭  put on 穿上；戴上  put away 收起来；整理好  put off  推迟Eg. 在他安装了一盏更亮的灯之后，他的整座房子停电了。His whole house _______________________ after he ______________________.17. (1) 人 fill A with B. 人用B充满A = A be filled with B by sb.   Eg. He filled the glass with water. = The glass ___________________water by him.(2) 物 be full of... = 物 be filled with...    充满…; 满是 …Eg. The garden is full of flowers in spring. = The garden________________ flowers in spring.18. 主语think/find+(that) +句子= 主语think/find+sb/sth+adj.Eg. (1) I thought the sports meeting exciting. = I thought the sports meeting _______________.    (2) I found he was clever. = I found _________  ____________.19. paint : (1) n. 不可数 涂料  (2) v. paint sth. +颜色: 把…刷成…色 Eg. Stop ____________ (paint) the wall, because there _______ (be) paint on everything.colour : (1) n. 可数 颜色，色彩(2) v. color sth. +颜色: 把…涂成…色20. stop doing sth  停止(正在)做某事     stop to do sth  停止去做另外一件事I am so tired. I must stop__________(have) a rest.   You look tired. Why not stop _______ (work)21. not only... but (also)...  不但…而且… (谓语动词就近原则。) Both...and... (谓语动词复数)Eg. Both you and I are going home. = ____________ you ___________ I _______ going home.22. above 在…斜上方: The air condition(空调) is ________ my bed.below 在…斜下方: He lives _____________ me. over  在…正上方: The bridge is __________ the river.under在…正下方: The river is __________ the bridge.    on 在…上面 (表面接触): My book is __________ the table. 23. 架子的一端比另一端高得多。   One ______________ the shelf is much higher than ________________.24. much, even, far , a little, a lot 可以修饰比较级，表程度。Eg. Millie is far ____________ (active) than the other students.She always answers teacher’s questions in class.   Millie is _____________ (active) than the others. She never answers teachers’ questions.25. buy/make sth. for sb.= buy/ make sb. sth. (直宾代词放中间)26. advise v. 建议  advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人(不要)做某事   advice  n. 建议 不可数  Eg. He gave some advice to me. I think __________ (A. it  B. them) very useful.27. take a course in sth./doing sth. 上关于…的课程   attend lessons/meeting/school/class 出席，参加28. make: 使... (1) make sb do sth  (2) make sb./sth.+ adj.         制作 (1) make sb sth = make sth for sb  (2) make sth from ... 用...做某物Eg. I decided to make her a birthday card. = I decided to _________ a birthday card ______ her.29. angry adj. 生气的 be angry with sb. 对某人生气  angrily adv. 比较级：more angrilyHe looks /gets _____________ and looks at me ________________.30. know everything/all about…了解…的一切 know a little about 了解一点know little about 几乎不了解，知之甚少Know much/a lot about 了解许多Know more about 了解更多know much more about sth .than sb比sb对sth了解多得多31. fail to do sth. 做某事失败; 没能做某事  fail-failed32. get/be good at…擅长   get/ be better at (doing) sth = do better in...更擅长某事   be the best at 最擅长 = do (the) best in34. 主语+ should (not) do sth  ...应该（不要）做某事主语+ had better (not) do sth  ...最好（不要）做某事Eg. (1) You'd better not be impatient. = You ____________________________.(2) 你最好不要没有上DIY课就开始做DIY的工作。You had better ______________________ DIY jobs without ________________ DIY.give up doing sth 放弃做某事  keep (on) doing 坚持做某事mix A with B = mix A and B together 把A和B混合add 增加，加入  add A to Bcream 不可数 奶油  some salad cream 一些沙拉酱  sauce 不可数 酱汁   some tomato sauce 一些番茄酱38. cut out剪出   cut down 砍伐    剪出一副彩色气球图 _____________ a picture of ________________.cut...into...把...切成...        cut up 切碎把一些较大块水果切成小块cut some of _____________ into ______________39.be in season 当季  __________________ in season now? 现在草莓当季吗？40.use sth to do... = do...with sth.Eg. Add some salad cream with a spoon. = __________ a spoon _____ add some salad cream.41.尽量让你的水果沙拉看起来和尝起来一样好。Try ____________ your fruit salad ______________________ it tastes.42.for example 例如(+一个例子)   such as 例如(+多个例子)43.prepare to do sth 准备做某事   prepare for sth. = get ready for sth 为某事做准备prepare ... for sth = get ... ready for sth 为某事准备...Eg. Get some water ready for the trip. = __________ some water ________ the trip44.turn brown 变成褐色 (系动词+表语)  类似：go bad 变质45.do sth +for+段时间 做某事持续多长时间 some time 一段时间    sometime 某时 上周某个时候 _____________ last weeksometimes 有时       some times 几次/几倍46.It’s time for sth.=It’s time to do sth.  It’s time for lunch = It’s time___________ lunch. 47.Sandwiches ______________________ to make. = It’s quick and easy to make sandwiches.48.pick a piece of bread 挑一片面包49. put some ham (不可数) and vegetables (可数) on it 在上面放些火腿和蔬菜50. I’m certain/sure +that 从句 我确信，确定...区分：Make sure +that从句 确保务必...  make sure +to do sth.在口语中：Sure. = Certainly. = Of course. 当然51.tidy (1) adj. 整洁的 — 反义词untidy   (2) v. tidy up 收拾好  tidy it up52. come/go/arrive/leave用现在进行时表将来Eg. 我的生日要来了。My birthday _________________.53.decide (not) to do sth 决定（不）做某事54.独自 by oneself= on one’s own= alone55. go wrong 出差错  something goes wrong.make mistakes in doing sth .= do sth wrong 做错某事The more careful you are, the ________________ (更少的错误) you will make.56. Stick it on the cover. 把它贴在封面上   stick-stuck过去式 贴  cover  n. 封面         v. 覆盖 cover sth with... 用...覆盖某物57. complete v. 完成 complete sth              adj. 完全的，完整的 —— completely adv. 彻底地，完全地58. This is the first card (that) I made for Mum. (that引导的定语从句)Eg. 我的妹妹很喜欢我给他做的第一个玩具。My younger sister likes __________________________ very much.59. (1) hope to do sth.  (2) hope that +从句 (通常用can/will)Eg. 所有老师都希望我们加入DIY俱乐部。All the teachers hope _________ a DIY club.club.put together a piece of furniture组装一件家具(不可数)All day =the whole day    Grammar:（一）祈使句1.定义用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号。2.构成：Please在句首不加逗号，在句末时前面加逗号。(1) Do型(以实义动词开头)(肯)Please open the window.     (否) Don’t paint the cat, please.(2)Be型(以be动词开头)(肯) Be polite!        (否) Don’t be late.(3)  Let型  (肯) Let sb do sth  (否) Don’t let sb do sth. / Let sb not do sth.(4)与if条件句转换：If you try your best, you won’t lose the match.                = __________ your best, _______ you will win the match.\区分：(1) Millie, don’t be late for school. (祈使句)            Millie isn’t late for school today. (陈述句)   (2) Fix the bookshelf for me,please.(祈使句)           To fix the bookshelf for me, he brought many tools from his home.(表目的)3.反意疑问句定义：表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方的证实。结构：一个陈述句 + 一个简短的疑问句     注意：两部分的人称和时态要保持一致（1）Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问部分为“shall we”。如： Let’s go to the park, shall we?（2）Let me和Let us表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问部分为“will you”。如： Let me have a look, will you?（3）其他行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的，多用“will”。 如： Don’t be late again, will you?以上三种反意疑问句的回答：肯定回答：Yes, I will.否定回答：No, I won’t. （二）情态动词should和had better1.should的用法，后接动词原形。（1）表示“应该，应当”。 如：He should work harder. 他应该更努力地工作。（2）表示猜测，意为“可能”。如：His friend should be in the classroom.他的朋友可能在教室里。2.had better的用法（1）had better的基本用法：意为“最好” “应该”，后接动词原形，其中的had通常缩略为 ’d。如：You had better work hard. = You’d better work hard. 你最好努力学习。（2）had better如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定句时，通常将not置于had better之后（而不是had之后）；而构成疑问句时，则通常将had（而不是had better）置于主语之前。如：You had better not be late again. 你最好不要再迟到了。 3.两个词的区别用法相似，但had better在语气上比should更强力。  一、单项选择(    )1. You look tired. You’d better ______ a good rest.      A. stop to have                        B. stop having      C. to stop to have                      D. to stop having(    )2. --As we know it’s difficult to live in a foreign country. -- ______ if you can’t understand the language there.       A. Exactly         B. Naturally         C. Usually       D. Especially(    )3. Scientists say that banana trees may disappear(消失) from the world ___banana cancer.         A. because of                          B. instead of         C. as for                              D. together with(    )4. --When will you return the book to me?   -- I’ll give it to you ______ I finish it.         A. once           B. until             C. as soon as      D. unless(    )5. --Let’s plan a surprise party for our class. What’s your idea? -- Why not ______ a short play?          A. get on          B. keep on        C. have on        D. put on(    )6. Overseas experiences may help make our life ______ . So why not try to study abroad?        A. usual           B. useful           C. successful      D. traditional(    )7. Please tell him ______ dinner with us.         A. have          B. having          C. to have        D. had(    )8. You need to take notes at the meeting to make sure ____ a pen and some paper with you.        A. bring           B. bringing         C. to bring        D. not bring(    )9. -- His friend wants to go swimming ______ it’s very hot. -- It’s OK. But ______ allow him to do that alone!         A. so; not                            B. so; don’t         C. because; not                        D. because; don’t(    )10. You’d better ______ too much time playing computer games.         A. don’t spend                        B. not to spend         C. to not spend                        D. not spend(    )11. ______ carefully, Michael! There’s a school ahead.        A. Drive          B. To drive          C. Drove         D. Driving(    )12. ______ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep.        A. Don’t          B. Doesn’t          C. Aren’t          D. Can’t(    )13. ______ play with fire. ______ with fire is dangerous.        A. Don’t; playing                      B. Not; playing        C. Don’t; Play                         D. Not to; To play(    )14. ______ away from the lake, boys. It is deep.        A. Stays          B. Stay             C. Staying         D. To stay(    )15. --Don’t draw on the wall.  --        A.I’d like.    B.Yes, I do.     C.That’s wrong.    D.Sorry, I won’t do again.(    )16.--How was the park last night, Mark?--It was great fun. You __________ come.         A.must      B.can        C.should           D.might(    )17. You shouldn’t _______ so_______ books on the desk.         A. put, more     B. put, much      C. putting, many     D. put, many