人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists当堂检测题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists当堂检测题，共12页。
课时评价作业(四)Section Ⅲ　Using Language [基础测评]Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。1. There is much thinking (think) to be done. It’s a very complex problem.2. The findings (find) of the court have been published on Wednesday.3. All eyes were cast (cast) upon the speaker. 4. She bought a mechanical (mechanic) dog for her sister.5. I am busy at the moment; I’ll get one of the assistants (assist) to see you.6. I shall think of her as the most gifted (gift) violinist here.7. He wished to be an astronomer (astronomy) when he was a child.8. We think it is important (importance) to obey the laws.9. I don’t feel it difficult to understand (understand) the Special English. 10. A quarrel broke out between them.Ⅱ. 课文语法填空。As we know, scientists have many excellent qualities. We can take Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking 1. 　　　　example. Qian Xuesen, 2. 　　served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, was a well-respected man. In 1935, he went to the US for further study and then worked there. After 3.    　(overcome) some difficulties, he returned to China in 1955, and was responsible for many major scientific research projects. 4. 　　　　(face) with challenges, Qian didn’t feel discouraged. Under 5. 　　　　(he) leadership, China developed its own missiles, rockets, and man-made satellites 6.         (success). Qian was knowledgeable. However, what made him an outstanding 7. 　　　　creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 8. 　　　(inspire) in scientific research. Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and 9. 　　　　(gift) scientists in physics. He came down with a disease and 10. 　　　(lose) the use of most of his muscles. He was brilliant, brave, and determined, and he was willing to admit his faults. 1. 解析:考查介词。take ... for example 以……为例。故填for。答案:for2. 解析:考查定语从句的引导词。 设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,空前是Qian Xuesen, 此处缺少主语,指钱学森以自己的努力、成就和献身精神为祖国服务,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰Qian Xuesen。故填who。答案:who3. 解析:考查动词-ing形式。设空处前的After为介词,其后应接动词-ing形式。故填overcoming。答案:overcoming4. 解析:考查过去分词。be faced with ... 面临……,空处在句首,故填Faced,构成过去分词短语作状语。答案:Faced5. 解析:考查形容词性物主代词。设空处作定语,修饰名词leadership,故填形容词性物主代词his。under his leadership在他的领导下。答案:his6. 解析:考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰谓语动词developed。故填副词successfully。答案:successfully7. 解析:考查并列连词。此处指使他成为一位杰出且富有创造力的科学家的可能是……。设空处连接两个并列的形容词outstanding和creative。故填and。答案:and8. 解析:考查名词。设空处作gave的直接宾语,应用名词形式。故填inspiration。答案:inspiration9. 解析:考查形容词。 设空处作定语,修饰其后的名词scientists。故填形容词gifted。答案:gifted10. 解析:考查动词的时态。该句中,and连接两个并列的谓语动词,由and前面的came可知,此处也应用一般过去时。故填lost。答案:lost[提升测评]Ⅲ. 阅读理解。What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious—he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seems to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves. He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum (光谱). He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which is not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.1. How does the text describe a curious scientist?A. He looks for new ways of acting.B. He is interested in problems that are explained.C. He doesn’t find confidence or pleasure in work.D. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.解析:推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二、三句“... he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seems to be unconnected.”可知,求知欲强是科学家的特质之一,他想了解宇宙是如何运转的。他通常会注意那些没有令人满意解释的问题,即使现有的数据似乎毫无关联,他也要一探究竟。由此可推断,求知欲强的科学家会努力调查事物间潜在的联系。故选D。答案:D2. What do we know about a successful scientist according to the text?A. He wouldn’t easily believe in unchecked statements.B. He wouldn’t easily criticize others’ research work.C. He wouldn’t always use his imagination in work.D. He wouldn’t always use evidence from observation.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.”可知,科学家总是不断地检验各种观点,谨慎而客观地做实验,所以他不会轻易相信未加验证的陈述。故选A。答案:A3. Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?A. Confusing.　　　　B. Complicated.C. Complete.        D. Concrete.解析:推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“data which is not only complex but also frequently incomplete”可知,科学家不得不在复杂且常常不完整的数据中寻找关联。故选B。答案:B4. What does the text mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modern society.C. Scientists’ ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要陈述的是科学家的思维和行为模式。文章从第三段至最后一段都是在具体阐述科学家的思维和行为模式。故选C。答案:CⅣ. 完形填空。Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist. He has made several very important medical 　1　. When a newspaper journalist asked him why he was able to be so much more 　2　 than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n)　3　 with his mother that occurred when he was a child. Stephen had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he 　4　 his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk! When his mother came into the kitchen,instead of 　5　 at him, giving him a lecture or chastising him, she said, “What a great and wonderful  　6　 you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk. Well, the　7　 has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we 　8　 it up?” Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, 　9　 you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a　10　 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out in the backyard and 　11　 the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could 　12　 without dropping it. What a good　13　 to him! This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make 　14　. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just chances for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific 　15　 are all about. Even if the experiment doesn’t work, we usually learn something valuable from it. 1. A. impressions　　　　B. breakthroughsC. promises           D. intentions解析:impression 印象;breakthrough 突破;promise 承诺;intention 计划。根据上文中的“Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist.”可知,史蒂芬·格伦取得了几次非常重要的医学突破。故选B。答案:B2. A. outgoing           B. responsibleC. warm-hearted        D. creative解析:outgoing 外向的;responsible 负责任的;warm-hearted 热心肠的;creative 有创造力的。根据上文中的“He has made several very important medical 　1　.”可知,新闻记者问他为什么他能比一般人更有创造力。故选D。 答案:D3. A. experience        B. wordC. argument           D. adventure解析:experience 经历;word 话语;argument 争论;adventure 冒险。根据下文中的“that occurred when he was a child”可知,史蒂芬·格伦回应道他的创造力来自他小时候和他母亲的一次经历。故选A。答案:A4. A. lost             B. tightenedC. adjusted             D. caught解析:lose 失去;tighten 使变紧,加强;adjust 调整;catch 抓住。根据下文中的“it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk”可知,史蒂芬·格伦失去了对奶瓶的控制。故选A。答案:A5. A. looking         B. yellingC. smiling            D. glancing解析:look 看;yell 叫喊,吼叫;smile 微笑;glance 扫视。根据下文中的“giving him a lecture or chastising him,she said, ‘What a great and wonderful 　6　 you have made ...’”可知,史蒂芬·格伦的妈妈并未对他大声吼叫。故选B。 答案:B6. A. discovery       B. messC. change             D. joke解析:discovery 发现;mess 混乱;change 改变;joke 笑话。根据下文中的“Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this”可知选B。答案:B7. A. injury          B. researchC. assignment          D. damage解析:injury 损伤,伤害;research 研究;assignment 任务;damage 损失。根据下文中的“Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes”可知,妈妈告诉史蒂芬·格伦,损失已经造成了,那就玩一会儿吧。故选D。答案:D8. A. make             B. turnC. think             D. clean解析:make up 弥补;turn up 出现,调大(音量);think up 想出;clean up 清理干净。妈妈问在把牛奶清理干净之前,史蒂芬·格伦是否愿意在牛奶里玩几分钟。故选D。答案:D9. A. gradually          B. initiallyC. eventually          D. constantly解析:gradually 渐渐地;initially 起初;eventually 最终;constantly 不断地。妈妈告诉史蒂芬·格伦无论什么时候搞得像这样一团糟,最终都必须把它清理干净。故选C。答案:C10. A. successful       B. failedC. completed          D. useless解析:successful 成功的;failed 失败的;completed 完成的;useless 无用的。根据上文中的“when he 　4　 his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell,spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk”可知,他们经历了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大牛奶瓶的失败的实验。故选B。 答案:B11. A. fill            B. washC. polish            D. cover解析:fill 装满;wash 洗;polish 润色;cover 覆盖。根据下文中的“with water”可知,用水装满瓶子。故选A。答案:A12. A. make up      B. make offC. make it            D. make sense解析:make up 弥补;make off 匆忙离开;make it 获得成功;make sense 有道理。根据上文中的“The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”可知,史蒂芬·格伦成功做到了。故选C。答案:C13. A. attitude         B. apologyC. project            D. lesson解析:attitude 态度;apology 道歉;project 工程;lesson 课,教训。这对他是一个多么好的教训啊!故选D。答案:D14. A. efforts         B. plansC. mistakes         D. decisions解析:effort 努力;plan 计划;mistake 错误;decision 决定。根据下文中的“Instead, he learned that mistakes”可知,他不必害怕犯错。故选C。答案:C15. A. achievements   B. approachesC. seminars         D. experiments解析:achievement 成就;approach 方法;seminar 研讨会;experiment 实验。根据下文中的“Even if the experiment doesn’t work”可知,此处指科学实验。故选D。答案:D