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浙江省杭州市源清中学2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期中测试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份浙江省杭州市源清中学2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期中测试题（Word版附解析），共18页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022年源清中学高二年级第一学期期中测试卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel Prize laureates (获奖者) in physics.
September-Nomination (提名) forms are sent out.
The Nobel Committee sends out confidential forms to around 3,000 people-selected professors at universities around the world, Nobel Prize laureates in physics and chemistry, and members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, among others.
February-Deadline for submission.
The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. The Committee screens the nominations and selects the preliminary candidates. About 250-350 names are nominated as several nominators often submit the same name.
March-May-Consultation with experts.
The Nobel Committee sends the names of the preliminary (初步的) candidates to specially appointed experts for their assessment of the candidates’ work.
Jun-August-Writing of the report.
The Nobel Committee puts together the report with recommendations to be submitted to the Academy. The report is signed by all members of the Committee.
September-Committee submits recommendations.
The Nobel Committee submits its report with recommendations on the final candidates to the members of the Academy. The report is discussed at two meetings of the Physics Class of the Academy.
October-Nobel Prize laureates are chosen.
In early October, the Academy selects the Nobel Prize laureates in physics through a majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the Nobel Laureates are then announced.
December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.
The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma (证书), and a document confirming the prize amount.
1. When should nomination forms be sent back to the Nobel Committee in the following year?
A. Later than March. B. Later than April.
C. Earlier than February. D. Later than August.
2. Where does the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize?
A. In Stockholm. B. In New York. C. In Canberra. D. In London.
3. The Nobel Prize is NOT made up of_________.
A. A medal. B. A diploma. C. A document. D. A souvenir.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍对诺贝尔物理学奖获得者评选过程的简要描述。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据February-Deadline for submission.部分“The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. (填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会。)”可知，填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会，即早于二月送达诺贝尔委员会。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.部分“The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize (诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼将于12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行，诺贝尔奖获得者将在那里领取诺贝尔奖)”可知，诺贝尔奖获得者在斯德哥尔摩领取诺贝尔奖。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.部分“the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma(证书), and a document confirming the prize amount. (诺贝尔奖获得者将获得他们的诺贝尔奖，其中包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件。)”可知，诺贝尔奖包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件，没有纪念品。故选D。
B
The UK Government has announced plans to build eight nuclear power reactors as part of its new energy strategy
By 2030, the Government wants 95%of the UK’s electricity to come from low-carbon energy sources. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is released from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas). It is a big cause of climate change- long-term shifts in weather patterns, including rising temperatures.
The Government wants to increase renewable energy sources, such as wind turbines and solar panels. The Government hopes that by 2030, 50 gigawatts (亿瓦特) of energy will come from offshore wind farms (ones that stand in the sea). That’s enough to power all the houses in the UK. There are also plans to build eight new nuclear reactors. Nuclear reactors generate (产生) energy through a process called nuclear fission (裂变), when heavy atoms are split into lighter ones. The Government wants to make the UK’s energy cleaner and cheaper, and for the UK to produce its own energy rather than relying on other countries. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has affected the world’s gas and oil supply, making power more expensive.
The UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, says the plans will lead to clean and secure energy made in Britain. Some people have said that these plans don’t go far enough and won’t help people who are struggling with high energy bills at the moment.
Labour Party leader Keir Starmer has said that the Government should do more to insulate people’s homes. Insulating homes is when material is put inside a house to stop heat from getting out. It means people would need to use less energy to heat their homes.
4. What does the underlined “It” refer to in the second paragraph?
A. Carbon dioxide. B. A fossil fuel.
C. A renewable energy source. D. The low-carbon energy source.
5. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. The Government wants to be more independent on energy production.
B. Nuclear reactors produce energy through nuclear fission.
C. The UK is unwilling to produce its own energy.
D. In the process of nuclear fission,lighter atoms are split into heavy ones.
6. What is some people’s attitude towards the energy plan?
A. Supportive. B. Unconcerned.
C. Unappreciative. D. Satisfied.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Cheaper Energy in the UK
B. Electricity from Low-carbon Energy Sources
C. The UK Government Builds Eight Nuclear Reactors
D. The UK Government Launches Energy Plan
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国政府启用能源计划。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is released from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas). It is a big cause of climate change- long-term shifts in weather patterns, including rising temperatures. (二氧化碳是燃烧化石燃料(煤、石油和天然气)时释放的一种温室气体。它是气候变化的一个重要原因——天气模式的长期变化，包括气温上升。)”分析可知，it指代的是二氧化碳，故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The Government wants to make the UK’s energy cleaner and cheaper, and for the UK to produce its own energy rather than relying on other countries. (政府希望使英国的能源更清洁，更便宜，并为英国生产自己的能源，而不是依赖其他国家。)”可推断政府希望在能源生产方面更加独立。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, says the plans will lead to clean and secure energy made in Britain. Some people have said that these plans don’t go far enough and won’t help people who are struggling with high energy bills at the moment. (英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)表示，这些计划将导致英国制造清洁、安全的能源。一些人说，这些计划还远远不够，无法帮助那些目前正与高昂的能源账单作斗争的人们。)”可推断一些人对能源计划不赏识，故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通断全文，尤其第一段“The UK Government has announced plans to build eight nuclear power reactors as part of its new energy strategy. (英国政府宣布计划建造8座核反应堆，作为其新能源战略的一部分。)”可知文章主要讲述了英国政府启用能源计划，D项“英国政府启动能源计划”适合作文章标题。故选D。
C
I accidentally found a time capsule, in purple and green floss (丝线) in the midst of sorting out some old things last month. Faded and worn, it was a friendship bracelet (手链)—an important part of my teenage summers. Holding it in my hand made me think about those precious memories of childhood, which my kids will never know firsthand.
My handiwork wasn’t beautiful. But what I remember is the beauty of the offering: slipping something into a friend’s hand and knowing it would always be with them. The experience was intoxicating—like the serious business of exchanging wedding rings, it was a symbol of an unbreakable bond. Those bracelets represented how much we meant to each other, at a time when our friends were becoming the center of our lives.
I slept with my bracelets and showered with them. I wore them all summer long at camp. And I acquired new bracelets from friends there—friends who received carefully crafted bracelets from me in return, as we said our tearful end-of-summer goodbyes. I thought having them helped ease the pain of leaving my friends. But now I see that they were really helping me to leave behind childhood.
My kids don’t go to summer camp. They certainly don’t exchange anything as uncool as bracelets with their friends. They hang out on Discord (一种聊天工具) in chats that only pause but never end. Our eldest son endlessly texts on his cellphone as he and his friends make one another talking emojis and TikTok videos.
Their relationships with their phones leave no time or space for writing letters or making bracelets, and their gifts to one another leave no clear and definite traces. There will be no boxes of letters to sort years from now nor any hidden bracelets to find. They will have little to physically hold on to.
8. Why does the author compare a bracelet to a time capsule?
A It is faded and worn.
B. It is shaped like a capsule.
C. It reminds her of her childhood.
D. It was made by the author herself.
9. Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “intoxicating” in Paragraph 2?
A. Exciting. B. Terrible.
C. Professional. D. Strange.
10. Why does the author think her kids’ childhood is different from hers?
A. They spend too much time on their cellphones.
B. They make more friends at summer camp.
C. They are unwilling to give bracelets to parents.
D. They often send hand-made gifts to their friends.
11. What can be implied about the friendship bracelets?
A. They proved the author’s kids had much to physically hold on to.
B. They gave meaning to the author’s childhood in a way her kids will never know.
C. They represented both the author and her kids’ unforgettable childhood.
D. They recalled the author’s deep sorrow of leaving close friends at summer camp.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者发现了一条手链，让她回想起童年和朋友们交换礼物，也感叹如今手机等电子设备的出现，孩子们沉浸于虚拟世界，聊天软件，而失去了这种交流的方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Faded and worn, it was a friendship bracelet (手链)—an important part of my teenage summers.(这是一个友谊手链，褪色了，磨损了，这是我少年时代夏天的重要组成部分。)”可知，这串手链与作者童年的夏天有着重要的联系，所以把手链与时间胶囊联系起来正是因为手链让作者想到了自己童年的夏天。故选C。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“My handiwork wasn’t beautiful. But what I remember is the beauty of the offering: slipping something into a friend’s hand and knowing it would always be with them.(我的手艺并不漂亮。但我记得的是送礼物的美妙之处：把某样东西塞到朋友手里，知道它将永远陪伴着他们。)”和后半句“like the serious business of exchanging wedding rings, it was a symbol of an unbreakable bond.(就像交换结婚戒指的严肃交易一样，它象征着牢不可破的纽带。)”可知，作者的手工艺品并不是很美，但是当把它送给朋友时意义变得深刻。所以这样的体验是令人兴奋的。所以intoxicating为“令人兴奋的”之意。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They hang out on Discord (一种聊天工具) in chats that only pause but never end. Our eldest son endlessly texts on his cellphone as he and his friends make one another talking emojis and TikTok videos.(他们在Discord上聊天，只会暂停，不会结束。我们的大儿子不停地在手机上发短信，他和朋友们互相制作会说话的表情包和TikTok视频。)”可知，作者认为与以前不同的是现在的孩子们花太多的时间在手机上。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“There will be no boxes of letters to sort years from now nor any hidden bracelets to find. They will have little to physically hold on to.(若干年后，不会再有一盒盒的信件需要整理，也不会有任何隐藏的手镯需要寻找。他们几乎没有什么可以依靠的东西。)”可知，代表友谊的手链只有作者有，她的孩子没有。作者提到了手链让她想起了美妙的童年生活，而这种感受当今的孩子们是无法体会的，因为他们大多数沉浸在虚拟世界。这些手链以一种她的孩子们永远不会知道的方式赋予了作者童年的意义。故选B。
D
The Best Way to Enjoy a Book
I am no slow eater. I can’t remember the number of times I was told as a child not to gobble my food. Nor have I been a slow reader. I went through books like combine harvesters through crops in the English village of my childhood.
Perhaps I will continue to gobble my food until my last meal on this planet. But books! They are an entirely different matter. Having been prevented from visiting bookstores and libraries during these days of isolation. I have decided to make changes. After all didn’t someone once say, “It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good.”
I imagine slow reading to be like slow cooking: a variety of ingredients mixed into something one can truly enjoy. Slow reading means enjoying each sentence, absorbing all of those paragraphs of description that had probably been sweated over by the author and, more often than not, skipped over by readers like me.
This isn’t to say I pay only random attention to a book. Before deciding on one to buy or borrow, I always read the synopsis and the “About the Author” section. I would also read the dedication, the foreword and the author’s acknowledgments. Only then do I move on to the book’s opening sentence. This is essentially how I had selected the two books that I most recently finished.
In order to truly enjoy these two novels, I rationed my reading to two hours a day-no more and no less. A funny thing happens when you take two hours out of the day - every day – for something you really, really enjoy. I experienced a quiet sense of accomplishment that I had missed for years.
English writer Kate Atkinson’s Transcription has been advertised as “a novel of rare depth from one of the best writers of our time.” Award-winning Newfoundler Michael Crummey’s The Innocents, meanwhile, is said to be “a richly imagined and fascinating story of hardship and survival.” I am glad I didn’t read Transcription at my usual pace. I suspect I would have missed much of the brilliance of the writing. Instead, I made myself completely involved in the life of 18-year-old Julie. I often paused at the end of a chapter to reread it for the joy of laughing aloud at the heroine’ observations.
The Innocents is about the life of two orphans in an isolated bay in Newfoundland. It was hard not to run through this powerful narrative—but I resisted the temptation. My patience was rewarded with a deeper understanding of the character and rich description of northern Newfoundland— so real that I could almost feel the lichen (地衣) between my toes.
So here I am, two books finished that took me a month to read. I have been entertained, enriched and transported in time and place like I never have before. Having discovered the joys of taking my time over a book now, I doubt I will ever again announce proudly, “It only took me a day or a couple of hours to finish!”
12. According to the article the author used to ______.
A. read novels while gobbling her food.
B. spend no more than two hours reading every day.
C. consider it a waste of time to read fictional stories.
D. finish reading a book in a day or even a couple of hours.
13. The underlined proverb “It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good,” probably means ______.
A. even the craziest ideas can become popular.
B. even the most popular ideas can go out of fashion.
C. even the most positive situations can harm someone.
D. even the most negative situations can benefit someone.
14. The author compared reading to cooking in order to illustrate that ______.
A. it is fun to read book related to food.
B. it is rewarding to pick up various types of books.
C. it is worthwhile to appreciate the brilliance of every sentence.
D. It is important to read the synopsis before deciding on a book to read.
15. While reading The Innocents, the author ______.
A. imagined herself to be an orphan.
B. ended up with a deep appreciation of the story.
C. read through the descriptive part of the book quickly.
D. thought about the relationship between hardship and survival.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要告诉人们在读书时应该回归细读。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Nor have I been a slow reader. I went through books like combine harvesters through crops in the English village of my childhood.”（我读书也不慢。我浏览书籍就像我童年的英国村庄里联合收割机收割庄稼一样）可推知，我以前读书囫囵吞枣，故选D项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前句“Having been prevented from visiting bookstores and libraries during these days of isolation. I have decided to make changes.”（因为在隔离期间被阻止进入书店和图书馆，我决定做出改变）可知，这一原本不好的事情对作者产生了积极的影响，所以“It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good.”（没有绝对的坏事）应理解为“即使是最消极的情况也能让人受益”，故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“I imagine slow reading to be like slow cooking: a variety of ingredients mixed into something one can truly enjoy. Slow reading means enjoying each sentence, absorbing all of those paragraphs of description that had probably been sweated over by the author and, more often than not, skipped over by readers like me.”（我想象慢阅读就像慢烹饪：将各种食材混合在一起，成为人们真正喜欢的东西。慢速阅读意味着享受每句话，吸收所有的描述段落，这些段落可能是作者煞费苦心写的，而像我这样的读者往往会跳过）可推知，作者作者把阅读比作烹饪是为了证明细细品读是值得的，故选C项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“My patience was rewarded with a deeper understanding of the character and rich description of northern Newfoundland”（我的耐心得到了回报，我对人物和纽芬兰岛的丰富的描述有了更深的理解）可知，作者对该书的故事理解更深，故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We buy what we need and want. But at the same time, we also need to make sure that we are not short of cash while shopping and we are saving our money with every purchase we make. Below are some simple tips.
Make a shopping list.
When you list the items you want to shop for, you don’t buy excessively or impulsively (过度或冲动地) while shopping. ____16____ This helps you to save money and move within a budget.
Compare prices.
____17____ Instead, look and find the product in other stores to see which offers the cheapest price. You can check online sites too.
Leave the store when in doubt.
If you cannot decide whether to buy a product, do not make a purchase. Instead, leave the store. If you decide later that you want it, you can always visit the shop next time.____18____
Watch out for sale offers.
Don’t go for items on sale if they are not needed, even if they are being offered at a cheap price. Only buy what you need.
____19____
Don’t choose friends who are shopaholics (购物狂) themselves and love to see you spending because it makes them feel better about their purchases. Instead, go to malls with friends who do not pressure you to buy anything but give you an honest opinion and help you in making your purchase.
____20____ However, with some effort and time, you will be able to build a bigger savings account and a healthier budget.
A. If you can make it, then don’t buy.
B. Saving while shopping is not easy.
C. Pick your shopping friends wisely.
D. Think before buying: Am I going to need it?
E. The rule allows you to buy only what’s on the list.
F. Chances are that you’ll be glad that you saved the money.
G. Don’t just buy right away on seeing a product you find.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了购物时如何省钱的建议。
【16题详解】
根据小标题“Make a shopping list.(列一张购物清单)”和前句“When you list the items you want to shop for, you don’t buy excessively or impulsively (过度或冲动地) while shopping.(当你列出你想买的东西时，你不会在购物时过度或冲动地购买)”可知，购物时只买购物清单的东西。所以E“The rule allows you to buy only what’s on the list.(这条规定允许你只买清单上的东西)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据小标题“Compare prices. (比较价格)”和后句“Instead, look and find the product in other stores to see which offers the cheapest price. (相反，在其他商店寻找产品，看看哪个提供最便宜的价格)”可知，购物时要比较价格，不要一看到产品就买。所以G“Don’t just buy right away on seeing a product you find. (不要一看到产品就马上买)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据小标题“Leave the store when in doubt. (如果有疑问就离开商店)”和前文“If you cannot decide whether to buy a product, do not make a purchase. Instead, leave the store. If you decide later that you want it, you can always visit the shop next time. (如果你不能决定是否购买一个产品，就不要购买。相反，离开商店。如果你后来决定你想要它，你可以随时下次去商店)”可知，购物时要想清楚是否确实需要购买此产品。所以D“Think before buying: Am I going to need it? (买之前想清楚：我需要它吗？)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【19题详解】
这里为本段小标题。根据下文“Don’t choose friends who are shopaholics (购物狂) themselves and love to see you spending because it makes them feel better about their purchases. Instead, go to malls with friends who do not pressure you to buy anything but give you an honest opinion and help you in making your purchase. (不要选择那些喜欢看你花钱的朋友，因为这会让他们对自己的购买感觉更好。相反，和朋友一起去购物中心，他们不会强迫你买东西，而是会给你一个诚实的意见，帮助你购物)”可知，本段介绍要明智地选择一起购物的朋友。所以C“Pick your shopping friends wisely. (明智地挑选你的购物朋友)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据后句“However, with some effort and time, you will be able to build a bigger savings account and a healthier budget. (然而，通过一些努力和时间，你将能够建立一个更大的储蓄账户和一个更健康的预算)”可知，虽然边购物边存钱并不容易，但通过以上一些简单的建议，就能够更健康地消费。所以B“Saving while shopping is not easy. (边购物边存钱并不容易)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___21___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is ___22___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___23___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___24___ die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___25___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___26___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___27___ until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people ___28___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___29___. Now that the chances of dying ___30___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___31___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___32___, not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in ___33___ if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the ___34___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___35___ active and be devoted.
21. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
22. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
23. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
24. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
25. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier
26. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing
27. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure
28. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value
29. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases
30. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet
31. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases
32. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices
33. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement
34. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission
35. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。
【21题详解】
考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据live no longer than 120 years可知，人类最多不会活过120岁，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定的，be designed to do被设计，故应选A。
【22题详解】
考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据 the longest that anyone could hope to live可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据They wear out, and as a result可知，因为人体的细胞会耗尽，不会无止境的再生。因此应选C。
【24题详解】
考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据 They wear out, and as a result, we get old 可知，这里在说人的生长过程。选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据than ever before可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据 Sixty-five may be out-of-date可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据until after age 75可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据 Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, 可知，由于以前没有现代药物，当时很多普遍的儿童因为疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据the chances of living long are much higher 可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，现在少年死去的几率低了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据 healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age.可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据 they need to 15 active and be devoted.可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据 With long lives ahead of them,可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，根据中文或首字母，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Throughout the course of history, it is the morals and v_____36_____of humanity that makes us human the paragon (模范) of the world.
Think of Dr. Lin Qiaozhi. Unlike the m_____37_____ of girls of her time, she studied hard ____38____(admit) to the medical university, and finally became a great woman _____39_____(know) as the“mother of ten thousand babies”.
Then think of the immigrants who went to America to seek their f____40____during the goldrush. They s___41___ down and opened up shops to e____42____ a living. They brought their own cultures to the country, ____43____ (make) it a nation with great cultural d____44____.
Finally, there are scientists and a____45____who are intelligent, ____46____(有耐心的) and brave enough to carry on this mission ____47____the huge risks.They believe the ____48____(explore)of this final f ____49____ can help them ____50____(追求) a better future for mankind.
【答案】36. ice##vice
37. ost##most
38. to be admitted
39. known 40. ortune##fortune
41. earched##searched
42. earn##arn
43. making 44. iversity##diversity
45. dventurers##adventurers
46. patient
47. and 48. exploration
49. aith##faith
50. pursue
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例阐述了人性的道德与邪恶。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：纵观历史，正是人性的道德与邪恶，使我们人类成为世界的典范。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为vice；设空处和and前的名词并列，应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填vice。
【37题详解】
考查代词。句意：与她那个时代的大多数女孩不同，她努力学习，考上了医科大学，最终成为了一位被称为“万婴之母”的伟大女性。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为most，most of (大部分的)。故填most。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与她那个时代的大多数女孩不同，她努力学习，考上了医科大学，最终成为了一位被称为“万婴之母”的伟大女性。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，应用不定式表目的，she和admit之间是被动关系，因此用不定式的被动。故填to be admitted。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不像她那个时代的大多数女孩，她努力学习考上了医科大学，最后成为了一个有“万胞胎之母”之称的伟大女性。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语be known as“作为……而闻名”，省略be动词使用过去分词，作定语。故填known。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：再想想那些在淘金热时期去美国淘金的移民。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为fortune (财富)，为不可数名词；空前为形容词性的物主代词，设空处应用名词的形式。故填fortune。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们四处寻找，开商店谋生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为search (搜寻)，设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填searched。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们四处寻找，开商店谋生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为earn，设空处应为动词不定式作目的状语，空前为to，earn a living (谋生) 是固定搭配。故填earn。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们把自己的文化带到这个国家，使它成为一个文化多样性很强的国家。分析句子结构可知，make是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语they是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填making。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们把自己的文化带到这个国家，使它成为一个文化多样性很强的国家。根据句意结合首字母可知，此处为diversity (多样性)，空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，设空处应为名词的形式，表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填diversity。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。根据句意结合首字母，可知为adventure (冒险)。设空处和and前的scientists并列，应用名词的复数的形式。故填adventurers。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。根据汉语提示可知，此处为patient (有耐心的)，设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词的形式。故填patient。
【47题详解】
考查连词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。空前的mission和空后的risks并列，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。设空处应用名词作宾语，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填exploration。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。根据句意结合首字母可知，此处为faith (信念)；空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，根据空前的this，可知设空处为名词单数的形式。故填faith。
【50题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。根据汉语提示可知，此处为pursue (追求) ，help sb do sth帮助某人做某事，故设空处应为动词原形的形式。故填pursue。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
51. 假定你是李华，你们学校要举办传统中医讲座，你的留学生朋友Chris对中国传统文化有浓厚的兴趣，因此，你想邀请他参加该讲座。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.讲座的时间和地点；
2.讲座的内容（中医的历史、作用、影响等）；
3.讲座对他的帮助。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：传统中医traditional Chinese medicine
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese Culture, I can’t wait to invite you to a lecture on traditional Chinese medicine which will be held in my school.
The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall. An expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it. As far as I can see, it can enrich your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and make you realize how much difference traditional Chinese culture has made in the present world.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生写信邀请留学生朋友Chris参加学校要举办传统中医讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对…感兴趣：have an interest in→be interested in
举办：hold→throw
陈述：narrate→recount
在我看来：as far as I can see→in my opinion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall. An expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it.
拓展句：The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall, during which an expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese Culture, I can’t wait to invite you to a lecture on traditional Chinese medicine which will be held in my school.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】As far as I can see, it can enrich your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and make you realize how much difference traditional Chinese culture has made in the present world.（由how much引导的宾语从句）
2022年源清中学高二年级第一学期期中测试卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel Prize laureates (获奖者) in physics.
September-Nomination (提名) forms are sent out.
The Nobel Committee sends out confidential forms to around 3,000 people-selected professors at universities around the world, Nobel Prize laureates in physics and chemistry, and members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, among others.
February-Deadline for submission.
The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. The Committee screens the nominations and selects the preliminary candidates. About 250-350 names are nominated as several nominators often submit the same name.
March-May-Consultation with experts.
The Nobel Committee sends the names of the preliminary (初步的) candidates to specially appointed experts for their assessment of the candidates’ work.
Jun-August-Writing of the report.
The Nobel Committee puts together the report with recommendations to be submitted to the Academy. The report is signed by all members of the Committee.
September-Committee submits recommendations.
The Nobel Committee submits its report with recommendations on the final candidates to the members of the Academy. The report is discussed at two meetings of the Physics Class of the Academy.
October-Nobel Prize laureates are chosen.
In early October, the Academy selects the Nobel Prize laureates in physics through a majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the Nobel Laureates are then announced.
December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.
The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma (证书), and a document confirming the prize amount.
1. When should nomination forms be sent back to the Nobel Committee in the following year?
A. Later than March. B. Later than April.
C. Earlier than February. D. Later than August.
2. Where does the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize?
A. In Stockholm. B. In New York. C. In Canberra. D. In London.
3. The Nobel Prize is NOT made up of_________.
A. A medal. B. A diploma. C. A document. D. A souvenir.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍对诺贝尔物理学奖获得者评选过程的简要描述。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据February-Deadline for submission.部分“The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. (填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会。)”可知，填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会，即早于二月送达诺贝尔委员会。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.部分“The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize (诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼将于12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行，诺贝尔奖获得者将在那里领取诺贝尔奖)”可知，诺贝尔奖获得者在斯德哥尔摩领取诺贝尔奖。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.部分“the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma(证书), and a document confirming the prize amount. (诺贝尔奖获得者将获得他们的诺贝尔奖，其中包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件。)”可知，诺贝尔奖包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件，没有纪念品。故选D。
B
The UK Government has announced plans to build eight nuclear power reactors as part of its new energy strategy
By 2030, the Government wants 95%of the UK’s electricity to come from low-carbon energy sources. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is released from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas). It is a big cause of climate change- long-term shifts in weather patterns, including rising temperatures.
The Government wants to increase renewable energy sources, such as wind turbines and solar panels. The Government hopes that by 2030, 50 gigawatts (亿瓦特) of energy will come from offshore wind farms (ones that stand in the sea). That’s enough to power all the houses in the UK. There are also plans to build eight new nuclear reactors. Nuclear reactors generate (产生) energy through a process called nuclear fission (裂变), when heavy atoms are split into lighter ones. The Government wants to make the UK’s energy cleaner and cheaper, and for the UK to produce its own energy rather than relying on other countries. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has affected the world’s gas and oil supply, making power more expensive.
The UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, says the plans will lead to clean and secure energy made in Britain. Some people have said that these plans don’t go far enough and won’t help people who are struggling with high energy bills at the moment.
Labour Party leader Keir Starmer has said that the Government should do more to insulate people’s homes. Insulating homes is when material is put inside a house to stop heat from getting out. It means people would need to use less energy to heat their homes.
4. What does the underlined “It” refer to in the second paragraph?
A. Carbon dioxide. B. A fossil fuel.
C. A renewable energy source. D. The low-carbon energy source.
5. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. The Government wants to be more independent on energy production.
B. Nuclear reactors produce energy through nuclear fission.
C. The UK is unwilling to produce its own energy.
D. In the process of nuclear fission,lighter atoms are split into heavy ones.
6. What is some people’s attitude towards the energy plan?
A. Supportive. B. Unconcerned.
C. Unappreciative. D. Satisfied.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Cheaper Energy in the UK
B. Electricity from Low-carbon Energy Sources
C. The UK Government Builds Eight Nuclear Reactors
D. The UK Government Launches Energy Plan
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国政府启用能源计划。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is released from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas). It is a big cause of climate change- long-term shifts in weather patterns, including rising temperatures. (二氧化碳是燃烧化石燃料(煤、石油和天然气)时释放的一种温室气体。它是气候变化的一个重要原因——天气模式的长期变化，包括气温上升。)”分析可知，it指代的是二氧化碳，故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The Government wants to make the UK’s energy cleaner and cheaper, and for the UK to produce its own energy rather than relying on other countries. (政府希望使英国的能源更清洁，更便宜，并为英国生产自己的能源，而不是依赖其他国家。)”可推断政府希望在能源生产方面更加独立。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, says the plans will lead to clean and secure energy made in Britain. Some people have said that these plans don’t go far enough and won’t help people who are struggling with high energy bills at the moment. (英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)表示，这些计划将导致英国制造清洁、安全的能源。一些人说，这些计划还远远不够，无法帮助那些目前正与高昂的能源账单作斗争的人们。)”可推断一些人对能源计划不赏识，故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通断全文，尤其第一段“The UK Government has announced plans to build eight nuclear power reactors as part of its new energy strategy. (英国政府宣布计划建造8座核反应堆，作为其新能源战略的一部分。)”可知文章主要讲述了英国政府启用能源计划，D项“英国政府启动能源计划”适合作文章标题。故选D。
C
I accidentally found a time capsule, in purple and green floss (丝线) in the midst of sorting out some old things last month. Faded and worn, it was a friendship bracelet (手链)—an important part of my teenage summers. Holding it in my hand made me think about those precious memories of childhood, which my kids will never know firsthand.
My handiwork wasn’t beautiful. But what I remember is the beauty of the offering: slipping something into a friend’s hand and knowing it would always be with them. The experience was intoxicating—like the serious business of exchanging wedding rings, it was a symbol of an unbreakable bond. Those bracelets represented how much we meant to each other, at a time when our friends were becoming the center of our lives.
I slept with my bracelets and showered with them. I wore them all summer long at camp. And I acquired new bracelets from friends there—friends who received carefully crafted bracelets from me in return, as we said our tearful end-of-summer goodbyes. I thought having them helped ease the pain of leaving my friends. But now I see that they were really helping me to leave behind childhood.
My kids don’t go to summer camp. They certainly don’t exchange anything as uncool as bracelets with their friends. They hang out on Discord (一种聊天工具) in chats that only pause but never end. Our eldest son endlessly texts on his cellphone as he and his friends make one another talking emojis and TikTok videos.
Their relationships with their phones leave no time or space for writing letters or making bracelets, and their gifts to one another leave no clear and definite traces. There will be no boxes of letters to sort years from now nor any hidden bracelets to find. They will have little to physically hold on to.
8. Why does the author compare a bracelet to a time capsule?
A It is faded and worn.
B. It is shaped like a capsule.
C. It reminds her of her childhood.
D. It was made by the author herself.
9. Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “intoxicating” in Paragraph 2?
A. Exciting. B. Terrible.
C. Professional. D. Strange.
10. Why does the author think her kids’ childhood is different from hers?
A. They spend too much time on their cellphones.
B. They make more friends at summer camp.
C. They are unwilling to give bracelets to parents.
D. They often send hand-made gifts to their friends.
11. What can be implied about the friendship bracelets?
A. They proved the author’s kids had much to physically hold on to.
B. They gave meaning to the author’s childhood in a way her kids will never know.
C. They represented both the author and her kids’ unforgettable childhood.
D. They recalled the author’s deep sorrow of leaving close friends at summer camp.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者发现了一条手链，让她回想起童年和朋友们交换礼物，也感叹如今手机等电子设备的出现，孩子们沉浸于虚拟世界，聊天软件，而失去了这种交流的方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Faded and worn, it was a friendship bracelet (手链)—an important part of my teenage summers.(这是一个友谊手链，褪色了，磨损了，这是我少年时代夏天的重要组成部分。)”可知，这串手链与作者童年的夏天有着重要的联系，所以把手链与时间胶囊联系起来正是因为手链让作者想到了自己童年的夏天。故选C。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“My handiwork wasn’t beautiful. But what I remember is the beauty of the offering: slipping something into a friend’s hand and knowing it would always be with them.(我的手艺并不漂亮。但我记得的是送礼物的美妙之处：把某样东西塞到朋友手里，知道它将永远陪伴着他们。)”和后半句“like the serious business of exchanging wedding rings, it was a symbol of an unbreakable bond.(就像交换结婚戒指的严肃交易一样，它象征着牢不可破的纽带。)”可知，作者的手工艺品并不是很美，但是当把它送给朋友时意义变得深刻。所以这样的体验是令人兴奋的。所以intoxicating为“令人兴奋的”之意。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They hang out on Discord (一种聊天工具) in chats that only pause but never end. Our eldest son endlessly texts on his cellphone as he and his friends make one another talking emojis and TikTok videos.(他们在Discord上聊天，只会暂停，不会结束。我们的大儿子不停地在手机上发短信，他和朋友们互相制作会说话的表情包和TikTok视频。)”可知，作者认为与以前不同的是现在的孩子们花太多的时间在手机上。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“There will be no boxes of letters to sort years from now nor any hidden bracelets to find. They will have little to physically hold on to.(若干年后，不会再有一盒盒的信件需要整理，也不会有任何隐藏的手镯需要寻找。他们几乎没有什么可以依靠的东西。)”可知，代表友谊的手链只有作者有，她的孩子没有。作者提到了手链让她想起了美妙的童年生活，而这种感受当今的孩子们是无法体会的，因为他们大多数沉浸在虚拟世界。这些手链以一种她的孩子们永远不会知道的方式赋予了作者童年的意义。故选B。
D
The Best Way to Enjoy a Book
I am no slow eater. I can’t remember the number of times I was told as a child not to gobble my food. Nor have I been a slow reader. I went through books like combine harvesters through crops in the English village of my childhood.
Perhaps I will continue to gobble my food until my last meal on this planet. But books! They are an entirely different matter. Having been prevented from visiting bookstores and libraries during these days of isolation. I have decided to make changes. After all didn’t someone once say, “It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good.”
I imagine slow reading to be like slow cooking: a variety of ingredients mixed into something one can truly enjoy. Slow reading means enjoying each sentence, absorbing all of those paragraphs of description that had probably been sweated over by the author and, more often than not, skipped over by readers like me.
This isn’t to say I pay only random attention to a book. Before deciding on one to buy or borrow, I always read the synopsis and the “About the Author” section. I would also read the dedication, the foreword and the author’s acknowledgments. Only then do I move on to the book’s opening sentence. This is essentially how I had selected the two books that I most recently finished.
In order to truly enjoy these two novels, I rationed my reading to two hours a day-no more and no less. A funny thing happens when you take two hours out of the day - every day – for something you really, really enjoy. I experienced a quiet sense of accomplishment that I had missed for years.
English writer Kate Atkinson’s Transcription has been advertised as “a novel of rare depth from one of the best writers of our time.” Award-winning Newfoundler Michael Crummey’s The Innocents, meanwhile, is said to be “a richly imagined and fascinating story of hardship and survival.” I am glad I didn’t read Transcription at my usual pace. I suspect I would have missed much of the brilliance of the writing. Instead, I made myself completely involved in the life of 18-year-old Julie. I often paused at the end of a chapter to reread it for the joy of laughing aloud at the heroine’ observations.
The Innocents is about the life of two orphans in an isolated bay in Newfoundland. It was hard not to run through this powerful narrative—but I resisted the temptation. My patience was rewarded with a deeper understanding of the character and rich description of northern Newfoundland— so real that I could almost feel the lichen (地衣) between my toes.
So here I am, two books finished that took me a month to read. I have been entertained, enriched and transported in time and place like I never have before. Having discovered the joys of taking my time over a book now, I doubt I will ever again announce proudly, “It only took me a day or a couple of hours to finish!”
12. According to the article the author used to ______.
A. read novels while gobbling her food.
B. spend no more than two hours reading every day.
C. consider it a waste of time to read fictional stories.
D. finish reading a book in a day or even a couple of hours.
13. The underlined proverb “It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good,” probably means ______.
A. even the craziest ideas can become popular.
B. even the most popular ideas can go out of fashion.
C. even the most positive situations can harm someone.
D. even the most negative situations can benefit someone.
14. The author compared reading to cooking in order to illustrate that ______.
A. it is fun to read book related to food.
B. it is rewarding to pick up various types of books.
C. it is worthwhile to appreciate the brilliance of every sentence.
D. It is important to read the synopsis before deciding on a book to read.
15. While reading The Innocents, the author ______.
A. imagined herself to be an orphan.
B. ended up with a deep appreciation of the story.
C. read through the descriptive part of the book quickly.
D. thought about the relationship between hardship and survival.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要告诉人们在读书时应该回归细读。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Nor have I been a slow reader. I went through books like combine harvesters through crops in the English village of my childhood.”（我读书也不慢。我浏览书籍就像我童年的英国村庄里联合收割机收割庄稼一样）可推知，我以前读书囫囵吞枣，故选D项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前句“Having been prevented from visiting bookstores and libraries during these days of isolation. I have decided to make changes.”（因为在隔离期间被阻止进入书店和图书馆，我决定做出改变）可知，这一原本不好的事情对作者产生了积极的影响，所以“It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good.”（没有绝对的坏事）应理解为“即使是最消极的情况也能让人受益”，故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“I imagine slow reading to be like slow cooking: a variety of ingredients mixed into something one can truly enjoy. Slow reading means enjoying each sentence, absorbing all of those paragraphs of description that had probably been sweated over by the author and, more often than not, skipped over by readers like me.”（我想象慢阅读就像慢烹饪：将各种食材混合在一起，成为人们真正喜欢的东西。慢速阅读意味着享受每句话，吸收所有的描述段落，这些段落可能是作者煞费苦心写的，而像我这样的读者往往会跳过）可推知，作者作者把阅读比作烹饪是为了证明细细品读是值得的，故选C项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“My patience was rewarded with a deeper understanding of the character and rich description of northern Newfoundland”（我的耐心得到了回报，我对人物和纽芬兰岛的丰富的描述有了更深的理解）可知，作者对该书的故事理解更深，故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We buy what we need and want. But at the same time, we also need to make sure that we are not short of cash while shopping and we are saving our money with every purchase we make. Below are some simple tips.
Make a shopping list.
When you list the items you want to shop for, you don’t buy excessively or impulsively (过度或冲动地) while shopping. ____16____ This helps you to save money and move within a budget.
Compare prices.
____17____ Instead, look and find the product in other stores to see which offers the cheapest price. You can check online sites too.
Leave the store when in doubt.
If you cannot decide whether to buy a product, do not make a purchase. Instead, leave the store. If you decide later that you want it, you can always visit the shop next time.____18____
Watch out for sale offers.
Don’t go for items on sale if they are not needed, even if they are being offered at a cheap price. Only buy what you need.
____19____
Don’t choose friends who are shopaholics (购物狂) themselves and love to see you spending because it makes them feel better about their purchases. Instead, go to malls with friends who do not pressure you to buy anything but give you an honest opinion and help you in making your purchase.
____20____ However, with some effort and time, you will be able to build a bigger savings account and a healthier budget.
A. If you can make it, then don’t buy.
B. Saving while shopping is not easy.
C. Pick your shopping friends wisely.
D. Think before buying: Am I going to need it?
E. The rule allows you to buy only what’s on the list.
F. Chances are that you’ll be glad that you saved the money.
G. Don’t just buy right away on seeing a product you find.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了购物时如何省钱的建议。
【16题详解】
根据小标题“Make a shopping list.(列一张购物清单)”和前句“When you list the items you want to shop for, you don’t buy excessively or impulsively (过度或冲动地) while shopping.(当你列出你想买的东西时，你不会在购物时过度或冲动地购买)”可知，购物时只买购物清单的东西。所以E“The rule allows you to buy only what’s on the list.(这条规定允许你只买清单上的东西)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据小标题“Compare prices. (比较价格)”和后句“Instead, look and find the product in other stores to see which offers the cheapest price. (相反，在其他商店寻找产品，看看哪个提供最便宜的价格)”可知，购物时要比较价格，不要一看到产品就买。所以G“Don’t just buy right away on seeing a product you find. (不要一看到产品就马上买)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据小标题“Leave the store when in doubt. (如果有疑问就离开商店)”和前文“If you cannot decide whether to buy a product, do not make a purchase. Instead, leave the store. If you decide later that you want it, you can always visit the shop next time. (如果你不能决定是否购买一个产品，就不要购买。相反，离开商店。如果你后来决定你想要它，你可以随时下次去商店)”可知，购物时要想清楚是否确实需要购买此产品。所以D“Think before buying: Am I going to need it? (买之前想清楚：我需要它吗？)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【19题详解】
这里为本段小标题。根据下文“Don’t choose friends who are shopaholics (购物狂) themselves and love to see you spending because it makes them feel better about their purchases. Instead, go to malls with friends who do not pressure you to buy anything but give you an honest opinion and help you in making your purchase. (不要选择那些喜欢看你花钱的朋友，因为这会让他们对自己的购买感觉更好。相反，和朋友一起去购物中心，他们不会强迫你买东西，而是会给你一个诚实的意见，帮助你购物)”可知，本段介绍要明智地选择一起购物的朋友。所以C“Pick your shopping friends wisely. (明智地挑选你的购物朋友)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据后句“However, with some effort and time, you will be able to build a bigger savings account and a healthier budget. (然而，通过一些努力和时间，你将能够建立一个更大的储蓄账户和一个更健康的预算)”可知，虽然边购物边存钱并不容易，但通过以上一些简单的建议，就能够更健康地消费。所以B“Saving while shopping is not easy. (边购物边存钱并不容易)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___21___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is ___22___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___23___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___24___ die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___25___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___26___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___27___ until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people ___28___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___29___. Now that the chances of dying ___30___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___31___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___32___, not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in ___33___ if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the ___34___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___35___ active and be devoted.
21. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
22. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
23. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
24. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
25. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier
26. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing
27. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure
28. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value
29. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases
30. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet
31. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases
32. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices
33. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement
34. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission
35. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。
【21题详解】
考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据live no longer than 120 years可知，人类最多不会活过120岁，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定的，be designed to do被设计，故应选A。
【22题详解】
考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据 the longest that anyone could hope to live可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据They wear out, and as a result可知，因为人体的细胞会耗尽，不会无止境的再生。因此应选C。
【24题详解】
考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据 They wear out, and as a result, we get old 可知，这里在说人的生长过程。选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据than ever before可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据 Sixty-five may be out-of-date可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据until after age 75可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据 Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, 可知，由于以前没有现代药物，当时很多普遍的儿童因为疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据the chances of living long are much higher 可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，现在少年死去的几率低了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据 healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age.可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据 they need to 15 active and be devoted.可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据 With long lives ahead of them,可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，根据中文或首字母，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Throughout the course of history, it is the morals and v_____36_____of humanity that makes us human the paragon (模范) of the world.
Think of Dr. Lin Qiaozhi. Unlike the m_____37_____ of girls of her time, she studied hard ____38____(admit) to the medical university, and finally became a great woman _____39_____(know) as the“mother of ten thousand babies”.
Then think of the immigrants who went to America to seek their f____40____during the goldrush. They s___41___ down and opened up shops to e____42____ a living. They brought their own cultures to the country, ____43____ (make) it a nation with great cultural d____44____.
Finally, there are scientists and a____45____who are intelligent, ____46____(有耐心的) and brave enough to carry on this mission ____47____the huge risks.They believe the ____48____(explore)of this final f ____49____ can help them ____50____(追求) a better future for mankind.
【答案】36. ice##vice
37. ost##most
38. to be admitted
39. known 40. ortune##fortune
41. earched##searched
42. earn##arn
43. making 44. iversity##diversity
45. dventurers##adventurers
46. patient
47. and 48. exploration
49. aith##faith
50. pursue
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例阐述了人性的道德与邪恶。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：纵观历史，正是人性的道德与邪恶，使我们人类成为世界的典范。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为vice；设空处和and前的名词并列，应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填vice。
【37题详解】
考查代词。句意：与她那个时代的大多数女孩不同，她努力学习，考上了医科大学，最终成为了一位被称为“万婴之母”的伟大女性。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为most，most of (大部分的)。故填most。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与她那个时代的大多数女孩不同，她努力学习，考上了医科大学，最终成为了一位被称为“万婴之母”的伟大女性。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，应用不定式表目的，she和admit之间是被动关系，因此用不定式的被动。故填to be admitted。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不像她那个时代的大多数女孩，她努力学习考上了医科大学，最后成为了一个有“万胞胎之母”之称的伟大女性。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语be known as“作为……而闻名”，省略be动词使用过去分词，作定语。故填known。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：再想想那些在淘金热时期去美国淘金的移民。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为fortune (财富)，为不可数名词；空前为形容词性的物主代词，设空处应用名词的形式。故填fortune。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们四处寻找，开商店谋生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为search (搜寻)，设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填searched。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们四处寻找，开商店谋生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为earn，设空处应为动词不定式作目的状语，空前为to，earn a living (谋生) 是固定搭配。故填earn。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们把自己的文化带到这个国家，使它成为一个文化多样性很强的国家。分析句子结构可知，make是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语they是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填making。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们把自己的文化带到这个国家，使它成为一个文化多样性很强的国家。根据句意结合首字母可知，此处为diversity (多样性)，空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，设空处应为名词的形式，表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填diversity。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。根据句意结合首字母，可知为adventure (冒险)。设空处和and前的scientists并列，应用名词的复数的形式。故填adventurers。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。根据汉语提示可知，此处为patient (有耐心的)，设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词的形式。故填patient。
【47题详解】
考查连词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。空前的mission和空后的risks并列，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。设空处应用名词作宾语，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填exploration。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。根据句意结合首字母可知，此处为faith (信念)；空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，根据空前的this，可知设空处为名词单数的形式。故填faith。
【50题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。根据汉语提示可知，此处为pursue (追求) ，help sb do sth帮助某人做某事，故设空处应为动词原形的形式。故填pursue。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
51. 假定你是李华，你们学校要举办传统中医讲座，你的留学生朋友Chris对中国传统文化有浓厚的兴趣，因此，你想邀请他参加该讲座。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.讲座的时间和地点；
2.讲座的内容（中医的历史、作用、影响等）；
3.讲座对他的帮助。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：传统中医traditional Chinese medicine
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese Culture, I can’t wait to invite you to a lecture on traditional Chinese medicine which will be held in my school.
The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall. An expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it. As far as I can see, it can enrich your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and make you realize how much difference traditional Chinese culture has made in the present world.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生写信邀请留学生朋友Chris参加学校要举办传统中医讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对…感兴趣：have an interest in→be interested in
举办：hold→throw
陈述：narrate→recount
在我看来：as far as I can see→in my opinion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall. An expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it.
拓展句：The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall, during which an expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese Culture, I can’t wait to invite you to a lecture on traditional Chinese medicine which will be held in my school.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】As far as I can see, it can enrich your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and make you realize how much difference traditional Chinese culture has made in the present world.（由how much引导的宾语从句）
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