鲁教版八年级英语上册第五单元学案

这是一份鲁教版八年级英语上册第五单元学案，共13页。

Unit 5 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

1. 牢记重点单词、词组用法，学以致用；
2. 掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则；
3. 牢记形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。

平方；正方形（名词）

旅行者（名词）

米；公尺（名词）

令人大为惊奇的（形容词）

深的（形容词）

古老的（形容词）

沙漠（名词）

保护（动词）

人口；人口数量（名词）

宽的（形容词）

亚洲（名词）

就我所知（短语）

随便做某事（短语）

人造的（形容词）

旅行（名词、动词）

成就（名词）

西南的（形容词）

面对（问题、困难等）短语

厚的；浓的（形容词）

达成；完成；成功（动词）

包括；包含（动词）

力量（名词）

极冷的（形容词）

自然界（名词）

条件；状况（名词）

即使；虽然（短语）

吸入（短语）

大海；海洋（名词）

成功（动词）

太平洋（专有名词）

挑战；考验（名、动词）

称...的重量（动词）

出生时（短语）

醒着（形容词）

到达；不多于（短语）

激动；兴奋（名词）

成人；成年的（名、形容词）

走路时撞着（短语）

竹子（名词）

绊倒（短语）

濒危的（形容词）

大约（短语）

研究；调查（名、动词）

疾病（名词）

饲养员；保管人（名词）

野生的（形容词）

政府；内阁（名词）

食用油；石油（名词）

保护（名词）

巨大的；极多的（形容词）

（1） deep----___________（n.深度）wide----_____________（n.宽度）
（2） population----______________（adj.受欢迎的）
（3） Asia----____________（adj.亚洲（人）的）
（4） thick----____________（反义词：薄的）
（5） succeed----______________（n.成功）_______________（adj.成功的）
（6） amazing----________________（adj.吃惊的）
（7） weigh----_________________（n.重量）
（8） awake----____________（adj.睡着的）______________（adj.困倦的）
（9） excite----____________（n.激动；兴奋）_________/__________（adj.激动的/令人激动的）
（10） endangered----______________（处于危险中）____________（adj.危险的）
（11） protect----________________（n.保护）
（12） illness----_________（adj.生病的）___________（adj.恶心的；生病的）
（13） achieve----______________（n.成就）

一、形容词与副词的比较级与最高级
1. 比较级主要用于两者之间的比较，最高级主要用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较。
2. 比较等级的构成
（1）单音节和部分双音节词通常加后缀-er和-est 构成比较级和最高级
①tall---_________---__________
②fine---_________---__________
③dry---_________---__________
④big---_________---__________
（2）多音节和部分双音节词通常在其前面加more 和most 构成比较级和最高级
①difficult---__________________---__________________
②quickly---__________________---__________________
（3） 形容词和副词的比较等级的不规则变化
①good/well---________________---_______________
②bad/badly/ill---_______________---_______________
③much/many---________________---________________
④little---_______________---________________
⑤far---____________ /_____________---_____________ /_____________
3. 比较级的用法
（1）表示两者之间的比较时，常用连词than连接 Sam is taller than Tom.
（2）比较级可以由much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far（三多两少一甚至）等表示程度的词语修饰，加强语气。
You look a little thinner than last year.
（3）表示“大几岁”“长几米”之类的比较时，用“数量词+比较级+than”
I am two years older than my brother.
（4）比较级 + and + 比较级 表示 越来越...
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
（5）the + 比较级，the + 比较级 表示 越...就越...
The more vegetables you eat, the healthier you will be.
（6）the + 比较级 + of the two 表示 两者中比较...的
The blue sweater is the cheaper of the two.
（7）比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 表示 比任何其他的...都...
Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
（8）比较级可以用于选择疑问句中 Which/Who + 比较级, A or B?
Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?
4. 最高级的用法
（1）形容词最高级前通常要加the，副词最高级前可不加the
Jim is the shortest boy of us. Tom speaks loudest in his class.
（2）最高级的句子中，一般会有一个比较范围，常用of, in, among
He is the cleverest among them.
（3）当最高级前有物主代词，指示代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用the
Miss Hu is our best teacher.
（4）one of the + 形容词最高级+名词复数 表示 最...之一
He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
（5）the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 单数名词+in 表示 第...最...
The Yellow River is the second longest river in the world.
（6）最高级可用于选择疑问句 Which/Who + 最高级，A，B or C？
Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
（7）the + 形容词最高级 + 名词=比较级 + than any other + 单数名词
Li is the best boy in our class.= __________________________________.
注：China is larger than any country in Africa.（不属于同一范围）
China is larger than any other country in Asia. （属于同一范围）
【练习】
1. Meimei thinks math is ______than Chinese.
A. easy B. easier C. the easiest D. very easy
2. —The scarves are all beautiful. I can’t decide which one to choose.
—Oh, look at this red one. I think it’s ________.
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. less beautiful
3. Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of ________ persons in the world.
A. rich B. richer C. richest D. the richest
4. —You shouldn’t eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.
—You are right. ______ junk food I eat, _______ I will be.
A. The less; the healthier B. The less; the healthy
C. The more; the healthier D. The more; the healthy
5. —Is Tina ________ than Tara? —Yes, but Tara is ________ in her class.
A. taller; the heaviest B. tall; heavy C. taller; heavier D. the tallest; the heaviest

Section A
1. China has the biggest population in the world.
【解析】population 集合名词 人口，人口数量
（1） population 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
（2） 当“分数/百分数 + of + the population”作主语时，谓语动词习惯上用复数形式
（3） 表示人口的“多”或“少”时，要用large/big 或 small
（4） 询问某国、某地有多少人口是用 How large is the population of ...?/ What’s the population of ...?
【练习】填空
（1） How ______ is the ____________ of your hometown?
（2） ______ is the population of Canada?
（3） The world’s population ______ (be) increasing faster and faster.
（4） About seventy percent of the population in the country_______ (be) farmers.
（5） 印度有很多的人口。 India has a ______ population.
（6） 新加坡有很少的人口。 Singapore has a small population.
2. It’s much older than my country.
【解析】much 副词 修饰形容词、副词的比较级，表示程度
比较级前常用的修饰语：多（much/ a lot） 少（a little/ a bit） 甚至（even/ still）
【练习】选择
Alex did the project on community service ______ better than his classmates.
A. so B. very C. too D. much
3. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.
【解析】as...as 和...一样... 中间用形容词或副词的原级
其否定结构为not as...as...
【练习】汉译英
（1） 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
________________________________________________
（2） 你的书包不如我的贵。
________________________________________________
3. Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard.
【解析】
（1） cover 及物动词 遮盖，覆盖；作为名词译为 盖子，封面
cover...with... 用...覆盖 be covered with 被...覆盖
（2） hard 副词 沉重的，大量地 = heavily
【练习】填空
（1） 她用一块布把食物盖起来。
She covered the food ______ a ______ of cloth.
（2） 正在下大雨。
It's ______ ______.
4. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
【解析】take in 吸入
【扩展】take相关短语归纳
take sb's place 代替某人的位置 take care of=look after 关心，照顾，保管
take an interest in=be interested in 对...感兴趣 take（a）pride in=be proud of 对...感到骄傲
take off 脱掉，起飞，减掉 take （an active）part in （积极）参加
take after（外貌或行为）像/look like（单指外貌）像 take place 发生（有计划地发生）
take a break 休息 take notes 做笔记 take up 学着做，开始做 take risks 冒险
take sb's temperature 量体温 take away 带走 take action（to do）采取行动
【练习】填空
（1） 去成都的飞机刚刚起飞了。
The plane to Chengdu ______ ______ just now.
（2） 他在18岁的时候开始了他关于拍照的爱好。
He ______ ______ his hobby about ______ ______ ______the age of 18.
（3） 这对父母对他们的儿子感到骄傲。
The parents ______ ______ in their son.
（4） 政府已经采取措施来防止新冠病毒的蔓延。
The government has ______ ______ ______ prevent the COVID-19 from spreading.
5. The first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.
【解析】
（1） the first ... to do ... “第一个做...的...”
序数词前要加the/ 形容词性物主代词/ 名词所有格
（2） succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 succeed with sth. 在某方面获得成功
succeed 名词____________ 形容词______________ 副词_____________
【练习】填空
（1） 这是Tom第一次完成作业。
This is______ first time for Tom ______ ______ the homework.
（2） Lucy将能成功通过考试因为她是个努力的女孩。
Lucy will succeed in ______ the exam because she is a ___________ girl.
6. One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
【解析】
（1） one of +复数名词，译为“....之一”，one of 短语做主语谓语动词用单数形式。
（2） in the face of 译为“面对”，后面加问题和具体的事物。
【练习】
（1）填空
面对这一挑战我们应该勇敢。
We are ______ to be ______ ______ the face of this challenge.
（2） 汉译英
他是我最好的朋友之一。
________________________________________________
Section B
1. An adult panda weighs many times more than a baby panda.
【解析】倍数的表达方法
once 一倍（除此以外once还有“一次”“曾经”的含义）
twice 两倍（两次） three times 三倍（三次）
注：两倍就是twice，没有two times 这种表达。
（1） A + be/实意动词 + 倍数 + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than + B
（2） A + be/实意动词 + 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as + B
（3） 倍数 + more + 名词 + than + 被比较的对象
【练习】填空
（1）这个大厅是我们教室的五倍大。
The hall _______ _______ _______ bigger _______ our classroom.
（2） 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
Asia is ______ ______ as ___________（large）as Europe.
（3）我们图书馆有比你们图书馆多五倍的书。
There are five times ______ books in our library ______ in ______.
2. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast.
【解析】prepare sth for sb = prepare sb sth 为某人准备某物
【练习】填空
他为我们准备了可口的晚餐。
He prepared ______ a nice ______. = ______________________________
3. They run over to them with excitement and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over.
【解析】
with excitement 方式状语 = excitedly
walk into 走路时撞着.../ 走进...里
fall over 绊倒 fall down跌倒 fall into陷入 fall asleep入睡 fall in love with 爱上
【练习】填空
（1）他兴奋地声音发抖。
His voice trembled ______ ___________.
（2） 我发现这是入睡的好方法。
I found it's a good way ______ ______ ______.
（3） 在你成功前，你会跌倒很多次。
You have to ______ ______ many______ before you will succeed.


4. Pandas have become so popular that they are now a symbol of China.
【解析】
so...that 如此...以至于
a/ the symbol of ... ....的象征
【练习】
（1） 汉译英
这个故事如此有趣以至于我想再读一遍。______________________________________________________
（2） 填空
鸽子是和平的象征。
The dove is ______ ______ ______ peace.
5. The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long.
【解析】因病而死 die from = die of
die from + 突发性外因 die of + 饥饿，劳累等内因
【练习】汉译英
他的父亲死于饥饿。
____________________________________
6. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
【解析】spend + 时间或金钱 + （in）doing sth. 花费...来做某事
spend... on sth. 花费...在某事上
【练习】填空
我在解决第一个问题的时候花费了大多数时间。
I spent most time ______ _________ the first question.

综合填空（有两个多余选项）
forget, bring, mend, beside, luck, pick, same, differently, I, every, stop, each
Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 ________ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. they were 2 ________ there.
One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ________  to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing  4 _______ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown  5 ________  up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 ________ by the man. He said angrily, “that’s  7________  !” Mr. Brown’s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at  8 ________  of them, he said, “you’ve mended them very well.”
In the afternoon he got into the train again. The  9 ________  man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr brown and his six umbrellas, “you’ve had a  10 ________ day,” he said.

任务型阅读
    A man has a cat. ①他非常喜欢她。At mealtime(就餐时间) the cat sits at the table with him. The man eats ②       a knife and a fork, but the cat eats from her plate. Sometimes, when she ③
/fɪnɪʃiz/       her dish, her master will give her a little his food. He shares(分享) his meal with her. ④ One day, the cat is not at the table at mealtime.
    “Ah! Where is my cat?” asks the man. His wife says, “Can't you eat without her?” So the meal begins without the cat. Before lunch is over, the cat rushes into the room and jumps into the chair ⑤ /kwɪkli/      . She has two mice in her mouth, and before anyone can stop her, she drops(扔下) one ⑥       her own plate, and the other into her master's plate.
    “Dear me!” cries the woman, “A mouse is in your plate!”
“Hush(安静)!”says her husband. “This shows that she is a nice cat. She knows what friendship is. She hopes I share her dinner as I often share mine with her.”
1. 在文中的②处和⑥处分别填入一个合适的词，使句子通顺连贯。
②___________  ⑥ ____________
2. 根据音标提示，在③处和⑤处分别填入一个合适的词。
③ ___________  ⑤ ____________
3. 将①句译成英语。
___________________________________________________________

4. 将④句译成汉语。
___________________________________________________________
5. Does the woman like the cat?
___________________________________________________________

请大家反思总结本单元所学重点语法：
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



一、词汇填空
1. Every year thousands of t__________ come to visit my hometown.
2. The Great Wall is an a__________ man-made object.
3. Many animals are in danger. We should do something to p________ them.
4. Work hard and you can a________ your dream.
5. It’s midnight, but I am not asleep. I am still a________.
6. Many people will go to the concert, ____________(include) teachers, students and parents.
7. No one can ____________(success) without any hard work.
8. She returned home with the ____________(remain) 10 dollars.
9. Tom spent two days _____________(read) the book.


二、单选题
1. _______ is the population of the city?
A. What B. How many C. How much D. How big
2. The       book has so many pages. I can't finish reading it in a week.
A. wide B. deep C. difficult D. thick
3. Work hard and I am sure you can succeed       the report by six clock.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. to finishing
4. --- Do his pets ______ the cat? --- Yes. He has three pet cats _______ this one.
A. include; include B. include; including C. including; including D. including; include
5. For most people, it’s very difficult to _______ air on the top of Qomolangma.
A.take out   B.take off   C.take up    D. take in
6. —Do you know the ________ of the stone? —Yes. It ________ about 200 kilos.
A. weight；weighs B. weights；weighs C. weigh；weighs D. weigh；weights
7. The students shouted with ________when they heard the ________news .
A. excited; exciting B. excitement; excited C. excitement; exciting D. exciting; exciting
8. There will be ___jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people
A. many B. more C. fewer D. fewest
9. The weather is becoming         .
A. hotter and hotter B. more hat and hot C. hoter and hoter D. more and more hot

三、完形填空
The elephants are the largest animals on the land. They are in   1   now. Lots of people are destroying (破坏) he place where they   2  . Most of the places where they live have become farms and houses, they can't get enough place to live in   3   enough food to eat. Sometimes there are   4   elephants in an area and the government kills them. The elephants have long tusks (长牙). Their tusks are worth (值) a lot of money. People are killing them   5   tusks. People can use the tusks for piano keys and   6   beautiful things. So there are   7   elephants in the world.   
People in Canada can make a difference. They can go to the place where elephants live and stop people from killing the elephants. When people find out the products (产品) made from elephant's tusks they might stop   8   the products. Then people might stop killing elephants.
It's our duty   9   the elephants. We have to really stop killing elephants, too. There are   10   than 3,000 African elephants and 2,000 Asian elephants in the world.
(  ) 1.
A. danger
B. excitement
 
C. safe
D. interest
(  ) 2.
A. eat
B. live
 
C. rest
D. birth
(  ) 3.
A. but
B. so
 
C. or
D. and
(  ) 4.
A. too much
B. a little
 
C. too many
D. much more
(  ) 5.
A. with
B. for
 
C. to
D. at
(  ) 6.
A. other
B. others
 
C. the other
D. another
(  ) 7.
A. less and less
B. more and more
 
C. fewer and fewer
D. little and little
(  ) 8.
A. making
B. taking
 
C. giving
D. buying
(  ) 9.
A. to keep
B. to teach
 
C. to use
D. to protect
(  ) 10.
A. more
B. less
 
C. fewer
D. much