2023年中考英语复习现在完成时态讲义

这是一份2023年中考英语复习现在完成时态讲义，共9页。试卷主要包含了 表示持续到现在的动作或情况， 用于表示刚刚发生或完成的动作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
现在完成时态的用法如下：
1. 表示过去发生的动作或事件对当前造成的影响。
2. 强调过去的经验或经历与现在的联系。
3. 表示持续到现在的动作或情况。
4. 用于表示刚刚发生或完成的动作。
现在完成时的基本句型
现在完成时态的肯定句构成是"主语+助动词 have/has（根据主语的人称和数选择适当的形式）+动词的过去分词"，疑问句构成是"助动词 have/has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词？"，否定句构成是"主语 + 助动词 have/has（根据主语的人称和数选择适当的形式）+ nt + 动词的过去分词"。
以下是一些例子：
肯定句：
- I have read that bk.
- She has finished her wrk.
- They have visited Eurpe befre.
疑问句：
- Have yu eaten breakfast yet?
- Has he watched this mvie befre?
- Have they ever been t Japan?
否定句：
- She hasn't started her prject yet.
- We haven't seen each ther in a lng time.
- They haven't decided where t g fr vacatin yet.
现在完成时的主要用法
1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和副词 already, yet, never, ever, befre just等连用。
I have finished my hmewrk. I am free
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与 since+过去的时间点,fr+一段时间, s far等时间状语连用。
I have learned English fr mre than ten years
我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始持续到现在还在学)
She has swum since half an hur befre
她已经游泳了半个小时。
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
already/yet的区别
already往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;
yet用于否定句和疑问句
He has already left here.他已经离开这里了
以下是几个具体的例子来说明现在完成时态的用法：
1. 我已经完成作业了。（I have finished my hmewrk.）
这句话强调说话者过去完成了作业，并且这个动作与现在有关，可能意味着现在可以做其他事情了。
2. 他们已经去过巴黎两次了。（They have been t Paris twice.）
这句话表达了过去他们去过巴黎的经历，并且这个经历对现在仍然有影响，可能意味着他们对巴黎很熟悉。
3. 我们等了一个小时了。（We have been waiting fr an hur.）
这句话表示从过去某个时间开始一直等待到现在，强调等待的持续性。
4. 他已经吃完晚饭了。（He has finished dinner.）
这句话表示他刚刚完成了晚饭的动作，并且与现在有关，可能意味着他可能不再饿了或可以做其他事情了。
请注意，现在完成时态与具体的时间状语和上下文有关，可以包括今天、本周、今年等时间范围。同时，现在完成时态通常不与明确的过去时间点连用，因为它侧重于现在与过去之间的联系。
重点：Have been t ;have been in 和have gne t 的用法：
1. "have been t" 表示曾经去过某个地方，强调的是去过的经历或旅行的目的地。通常与表示地点的名词连用。
例句：- I have been t Paris.（我去过巴黎。）
- Have yu ever been t China?（你曾经去过中国吗？）
2. "have been in" 表示曾经在某个地方待过一段时间，强调的是在某个地方的居住或停留经历。同样也是与表示地点的名词连用。
例句：
- She has been in Lndn fr three years.（她在伦敦已经待了三年了。）
- Have they been in that small twn befre?（他们以前曾经在那个小镇待过吗？）
3. "have gne t" 表示已经去了某个地方，强调的是离开当前位置前往其他地方的行动。与表示地点的动词连用。
例句：
- He has gne t the market t buy sme grceries.（他去市场买些杂货了。）- Have they gne t the park yet?（他们已经去公园了吗？）
总之，"have been t" 强调的是去过某个地方的经历；"have been in" 强调的是在某个地方的居住或停留经历；"have gne t" 则强调的是离开当前位置前往其他地方的行动。
附:常见的非延续动词转换为延续性动词表
1.转换为相应的延续性动词
Brrw---keep buy---have put n---wear get t sleep---sleep
catch/get a cld----have a cld get t knw----knw
2.转化为“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”
clse---- be clsed pen----be pen die— be dead
becme -be fall sleep----be asleep wake up----be awake
make friends-----be friends fall/get ill ---be ill lse ----be lst/missing
marry-be married leave(+地点)一 be away(frm+地点)
cme back/g back/return-----be back begin /start -----be n
g ut-----be ut finish----be ver get up--- be up
g t bed----be in bed jin-----be in/be a member f
get t/arrive in(at)reach----be(in/at) cme t/g t/mve t----be(in/at)
一：小试牛刀：
以下是15个填空题，每个都需要使用现在完成时态来填写动词的正确形式。
1. _________ (she, visit) that museum befre?
2. We __________ (nt see) each ther fr a lng time.
3. Hw many bks __________ (yu, read) this mnth?
4. He __________ (just finish) his hmewrk.
5. __________ (they, ever try) any extic fd?
6. I __________ (never be) t Eurpe.
7. By the time she arrives, I __________ (already leave).
8. The team __________ (win) three champinships in a rw.
9. _________ (yu, ever watch) a live cncert?
10. They __________ (travel) t many different cuntries.
11. Hw many times __________ (yu, visit) yur grandparents this year?
12. She __________ (nt eat) sushi befre.
13. We __________ (learn) English fr five years.
14. __________ (he, ever play) the guitar?
15. The mvie __________ (nt start) yet.
以下是填空题的正确答案：
1. Has she visited that museum befre?
2. We haven't seen each ther fr a lng time.
3. Hw many bks have yu read this mnth?
4. He has just finished his hmewrk.
5. Have they ever tried any extic fd?
6. I have never been t Eurpe.
7. By the time she arrives, I will have already left.
8. The team has wn three champinships in a rw.
9. Have yu ever watched a live cncert?
10. They have traveled t many different cuntries.
11. Hw many times have yu visited yur grandparents this year?
12. She hasn't eaten sushi befre.
13. We have learned English fr five years.
14. Has he ever played the guitar?
15. The mvie hasn't started yet.
二：选择填空：
1. We ________ (live) in this city fr five years.
A. have lived B. lived C. lived D. had lived
2. My father ________ (wrk) fr the same cmpany since he graduated.
A. Wrk B. wrked C. had wrked D.has wrked
3. They ________ (nt finish) their hmewrk yet.
A. nt finish B. nt finished C. have nt finished D. had nt finished
4. We ________ (already eat) dinner, s let's g fr a walk nw.
A. already eat B. already ate C. have already eaten D. had already eaten
5. The students ________ (study) English fr tw hurs this mrning.
A. Study B. has studied C. studied D. had studied
6. The party ________ (start) when we arrived.
A. Start B. started C. has started D. had started
7. They ________ (nt see) each ther fr a lng time.
A. nt see B. nt saw C. have nt seen D. had nt seen
8. She ________ (travel) t many cuntries in her lifetime.
A. Travel B. has traveled C. have traveled D. had traveled
9. We ________ (never be) t Japan befre.
A. never be B. never were C. has never been D. have never been
10. She ________ (already finish) her hmewrk, s she can g ut t play.
A. already finish B. already finished
C. have already finished D. finishing
以下是题目的答案：
A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
三：汉译英
下面是10个汉语句子，请将其翻译成英语。所有句子使用现在完成时态：
1. 我们去过很多国家。
2. 他已经写完了报告。
3. 大家都已经知道了这个消息。
4. 我从来没有见过这么漂亮的沙滩。
5. 我妈妈刚刚给我打了电话。
6. 我们已经等了一个小时了。
7. 她已经学会了游泳。
8. 昨天我买了一件新裙子。
9. 这是我们第二次来这个城市。
10. 他们己经搬进新房子了。
以下是10句汉语句子的英文翻译，
1. We have been t many cuntries.
2. He has already finished the reprt.
3. Everyne has already heard the news.
4. I have never seen such a beautiful beach befre.
5. My mther just called me n the phne.
6. We have been waiting fr an hur already.
7. She has already learned hw t swim.
8. I bught a new dress yesterday.
9. This is ur secnd time cming t this city.
10. They have already mved int their new huse.