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北京市第四中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期中试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市第四中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期中试题（Word版附解析），共24页。
北京四中2022-2023学年度第一学期期中试卷
高三英语
(试卷满分为100分，考试时间为100分钟)
第一部分：知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Three of his novels have been ________ for television.
A. applauded B. adapted C. applied D. adopted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的三部小说已被改编成电视剧。A. applauded称赞；B. adapted改编；C. applied申请；D. adopted采用。根据前文的“novels”以及后文的“television”可知，此处考查固定搭配be adapted for意为“被改编为”，此处指小说被改编成电视剧。故选B项。
2. The museum ________ many of the treasures from Tang Dynasty.
A. hosts B. harvests C. houses D. holds
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个博物馆收藏了许多唐代的珍宝。A. hosts主办；B. harvests收割；C. houses收藏；D. holds拿着。根据后文“the treasures from Tang Dynasty”可知，此句是博物馆收藏了许多珍宝之意。故选C项。
3. The Chinatown in San Francisco is a very popular tourist________.
A. digest B. draw C. distinction D. division
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：旧金山的唐人街是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点。A. digest摘要；B. draw有吸引力的物；C. distinction区别；D. division分开。根据上文“a very popular tourist”可知为短语tourist draw表示“旅游胜地”。故选B。
4. I ________ my thoughts, took a deep breath, and entered the interview room.
A. updated B. raised C. cleared D. collected
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我整理好思绪，深吸了一口气，走进了面试室。A. updated更新；B. raised提升；C. cleared清理；D. collected聚集。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定搭配collect one’s thoughts，意为“集中思想”。根据后文的“interview room”可知，“我”是在面试，所以要集中精神。故选D项。
5. He ________ that such things should never be done.
A. maintained B. suspected C. wondered D. recommended
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他坚持认为这种事决不应该做。A. maintained坚持；B. suspected怀疑；C. wondered想知道；D. recommended推荐。根据句意和that从句中的should可知，该句子的谓语动词应该用maintain（表示“主张”的动词，如“insist”(坚持)，“maintain”(主张)，“hold”(主张)，“urge”(敦促)等后接宾语从句时，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”）。故选A项。
6. She has been awarded with many prizes in ________ of her services to society.
A. memory B. recognition C. expression D. charge
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她被授予许多奖项以表彰她对社会的贡献。A. memory记忆；B. recognition认可；C. expression表达；D. charge掌管。根据后文“of her services to society”可知为短语in recognition of，表示“表彰”，故选B。
7. Anyone, once tested ________ for the bird flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. positive B. possible C. potential D. proper
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：任何禽流感病毒检测呈阳性的人，都将得到我国政府的免费治疗。A. positive阳性的；B. possible可能的；C. potential潜在的；D. proper适当的。根据后文“will receive free medical treatment from our government”得到免费治疗可知，是已得禽流感，所以是positive检测为阳性符合句意。故选A项。
8. Rules of online voting should be worked out and strictly ________.
A. passed B. permitted C. observed D. proved
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：应该制定网上投票的规则并严格遵守。A. passed通过；B. permitted允许；C. observed遵守，观察；D. proved证明。根据上文“Rules of online voting should be worked out and strictly”指遵守规则，故选C。
9. From then on, we’ve kept in touch with each other ________ e-mails.
A. on B. through C. beyond D. against
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我们一直通过电子邮件保持联系。A. on在……上，关于；B. through通过；C. beyond超过；D. against反对。根据前文的“kept in touch”可知，是表达“通过电子邮件保持联系”之意。故选B项。
10. When ________ on a long walk, I always wear suitable shoes.
A. getting off B. letting off C. setting out D. putting out
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当出发远行时，我总是穿合适的鞋子。A. getting off下车；B. letting off释放；C. setting out出发，启程；D. putting out熄灭。根据句意可知，应该是出发远行时，穿合适的鞋子，“set out”意为“出发，启程”，符合语境，句子为时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有“be”，可省略从句主语和“be”，省略前为“When I am setting out on a long walk”，故空格处应填“setting out”。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.
One morning I ___11___ a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.
Lamb and mother ___12___. I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so ___13___ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously, Don had somehow made the ___14___ move.
My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the ___15___. I ran desperately but failed to ___16___. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The last thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I reached the fence and looked over. The tractor was ___17___ against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the ___18___ road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I ___19___ the tractor, he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt and raced back to me. Don was given a special ___20___ that night — I didn’t want him to think I was angry with him.
11. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned
12. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined
13. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult
14. A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence
15 A. crowd B. hill C. field D. motorway
16. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out
17. A. resting B. running C. parking D. turning
18. A. winding B. deserted C. rough D. busy
19. A. abandoned B. recognized C. approached D. repaired
20. A. meal B. test C. job D. lesson
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者为了救一只迷路的小羊羔，拉了手刹把拖拉机停下，结果车上的狗Don不知怎么把车启动了，车子穿过护栏冲向高速公路，幸运的是最终没人受重伤。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早晨，当我在靠近高速公路穿过我的土地的最上面的田地时，我发现了一只迷路的羔羊。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried携带；D. returned返回。根据下文“The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it”对小羊的描述及下文作者去照顾它可知，作者发现了一只小羊。故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和妈妈团聚了，我转向拖拉机，却看到拖拉机突然离我而去。A. freed释放；B. switched转变；C. reunited团聚；D. examined检查。根据上文“The lamb had become separated from its mother”以及后文“l turned back to the tractor”可知，小羊羔和妈妈走散了，我下车帮他，现在作者转身走向拖拉机，是因为作者把小羊送回妈妈身边。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车的时候手刹已经拉上了。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。根据空后“because l had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.”可知，作者下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以车子突然开动很出乎意料。故选A项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，Don让车动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据上文“I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.”可知，此处指车辆在动。故选B项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机驶向高速公路时，我的心都僵住了。A. crowd人群；B. hill山丘；C. field田地；D. motorway高速公路。根据下文“The tractor was 7 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the 8 road with fast-flowing traffic.”可知，车子奇迹般地穿过了车流繁忙的马路，所以是驶向了高速公路。故选D项。
【16题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命跑，但是没有追上。A. take off脱下；B. catch up赶上；C. hold back抑制；D. get out出去。根据语境及下文“It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.”可知，作者看到拖拉机冲向高速公路，应是拼命跑着去追，但是没有追上。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机靠在中央保留地的防撞护栏上，奇迹般地穿过了交通繁忙的道路。A.resting (使)倚靠；B. running跑步；C. parking停车；D. turning翻转。根据下文“having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the 8 road with fast-flowing traffic.”及语境可知，拖拉机穿过马路，靠在了中央保留地的防撞护栏上。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机靠在中央保留地的防撞护栏上，奇迹般地穿过了交通繁忙的道路。A. winding弯曲的；B. deserted被遗弃的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据空后“with fast-flowing traffic”可知，这条路交通繁忙。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没看见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，他跳到了路上，显然没有受伤，然后冲回我身边。A. abandoned遗弃；B. recognized认出；C. approached接近；D. repaired修理。根据上文“I couldn’t see Don”可知，作者没看见Don，所以应是上前查看。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上Don吃了一顿特别的饭——我不想让他认为我在生他的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作；D. lesson课程。根据下文“I didn’t want him to think I was angry with him.”可知，我不想让Don认为我在生他的气，而由上文可知，Don是一条狗，结合选项，应该是一顿特别的饭。故选A项。
第三节(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The day’s track workout is posted on the bulletin board in the locker room. As I read the schedule, my heart ___21___(drop). Today’s practice consists of a 1200, 800 and 400 meters’ running with a 5-minute warm-up and cool-down. The butterflies in my stomach begin to flutter as I start to doubt ___22___ I’m in good enough shape to complete this. I am my own worst enemy. Slowly, I get dressed. As I tie my running shoes, I fight the urge ___23___(hide) somewhere, anywhere.
【答案】21. drops
22. if##whether
23. to hide
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者看到田径训练项目后的心理活动。
【21题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我看到日程表时，我的心怦怦直跳。根据全文的时态是一般现在时确定空格处的谓语动词也应该用一般现在时；由主语是my heart确定谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填drops。
【22题详解】
考查连词。句意：我开始怀疑我的身体状况是否足够好来完成这项工作。 根据句意和空格前的动词doubt分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个宾语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词，从句成分完整，但缺少“是否”之意，应用if/whether引导。故填if或whether。
【23题详解】
考查不定式。句意：当我系好跑鞋时，我抑制住了想藏在某个地方的冲动。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是定语，修饰前面的名词urge，而名词urge后面应该用不定式作定语，表示“干……的冲动”。故填to hide。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks ___24___(bring) in half as much money as Ministers first predicted, the first official data on the policy has shown. First ___25___(announce) in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, ___26___(introduce) to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming too much, almost three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a ___27___(high) risk of the disease than those in the past decade.
【答案】24. has brought
25. announced
26. was introduced
27. higher
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收糖税的原因。
【24题详解】
考查时态。句意：英国政府对软饮料征收糖税的首份官方数据显示，该政策带来的税收是大臣们最初预期的一半。根据句意和下文的“the first official data on the policy has shown”可知，空格处的谓语动词也应该用现在完成时；因为主语是“The Government’s sugar tax”，所以助动词应该用has。故填has brought。
【25题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。根据句意分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式作状语，announce和句中主语the tax之间是逻辑被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作状语。故填announced。
【26题详解】
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，陈述过去的事实，且句子主语和谓语动词introduce之间是被动关系，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态；根据主语the tax确定谓语动词用单数形式。故填was introduced。
【27题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：据信，现在的儿童和青少年摄入了太多的糖，几乎是推荐水平的三倍，使他们比过去十年的人患糖尿病的风险更高。根据句意和下文的than可知，空格处应该用所给形容词high的比较级形式higher。故填higher。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Ancient volcanoes on the moon likely left more water than what sits in Lake Michigan locked in ice beneath the lunar surface. This is a potential source for ___28___(astronaut) the researchers from the University of Colorado have concluded in a newly published study. The findings reflect NASA interest in possibilities for a long-term moon base, ___29___ requires water supplies for drinking and producing rocket fuel. NASA investigations in 2020 confirmed they detected water crystals on the surface of the moon, ___30___(indicate) more water than previously believed may be present.
【答案】28. astronauts
29. which 30. indicating
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。月球上的古代火山留下的水被封锁在月球表面下的冰里。经研究证实，月球上可能存在比之前认为更多的水。
【28题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：科罗拉多大学的研究人员在一项新发表的研究中得出结论：对于宇航员来说，这是一个潜在的来源。空处需填名词作介词for的宾语，astronaut是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填astronauts。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这些发现反映了美国宇航局对建立长期月球基地的可能性的兴趣，该基地需要水为其供应饮用和生产火箭燃料。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，该从句缺主语，且指代前面的基地，又有逗号隔开，指物，故填which。
【30题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：NASA在2020年进行的调查证实，他们在月球表面发现了水晶体，表明月球上可能存在比之前认为更多的水。分析句子可知，该空应用非谓语形式，依据句意，表示自然而然的结果应用现在分词形式，故填indicating。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four winter wonderlands for cold-weather getaways
◆ JW Marriott The Rosseau Muskoka
Beat any holiday stress with the new HydroSpa opening at Muskoka’s JW Marriott on Nov. 1. The outdoor water entertainment will be open year-round, offering multiple ways to relax including sea-salt floating pools and hot bathtubs.
Stays from $349 / night
◆ Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel
This historic inn in Niagara Falls offers multiple ways to relax. There’s Winterfest, meals enjoyed in dining domes(穹顶)housed in the inn’s private square, and the Alpine Club offering roasted nuts and wine around a fire pit. The property will host its annual holiday market on Nov. 26.
Stays from $249 / night
◆ Dromoland Castle
If you’re going to go big—and further away—for New Year’s, you may as well go black tie. This grand estate in western Ireland is offering a three - night celebration package, beginning either Dec. 30 or 31. The event on New Year’s Eve includes a cocktail reception and six-course dinner. Guests will have access to various activities on the property’s 450 acres including hunting and farming.
Stays from $2,051 / night
◆ St. Regis Aspen
Along with access to many ski options, the hotel’s guests can expect family-friendly fun during the week leading up to Dec. 25. The workshop here is a craft room where attendees can make everything from toys to gifts by hand. Additional sessions cover winter cooking and house decorating.
Stays from US $899 / night
31. How often is the holiday market open in Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel?
A. Yearly. B. Daily. C. Monthly. D. Weekly.
32. What activities can you enjoy if you stay at St. Regis Aspen?
A. Hunting. B. Floating. C. Skating. D. DIY.
33. Which may offer life experience in the countryside?
A. St. Regis Aspen. B. Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel.
C. Dromoland Castle. D. JW Marriott The Rosseau Muskoka.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个冬季避寒胜地。
【详解】1.细节理解题。由Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel这一部分中的“The property will host its annual holiday market on Nov. 26.”（该酒店将于11月26日举办一年一度的假日市场。）可知，Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel的假日市场一年举办一次。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。由St. Regis Aspen这一部分中的“Santa’s Workshop is a craft room where attendees can make everything from toys to gifts by hand.”（圣诞老人的工作室是一个工艺室，参加者可以手工制作从玩具到礼物的所有东西。）可知，在St. Regis Aspen里，参加者可以手工制作自己喜欢的东西。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由Dromoland Castle这一部分中的“Guests will have access to various activities on the property’s 450 acres including hunting and farming.”（客人将可以在这酒店450英亩的地域里参加各种活动，包括狩猎和农业。）可知，游客可以在Dromoland Castle里体验乡村生活。故选C项。
B
Honk if You Love Birds
When Ariel Cordova-Rojas rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York, last November, she planned to go hiking and bird-watching. Bingo! A mile into her walk, she spotted a gorgeous female mute swan near the water’s edge. Cordova-Rojas, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund rehabilitation center in Manhattan, knew that mute swans can be aggressive. But as she approached this one, it didn’t move.
She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova-Rojas draped her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, carefully picked it up, and held it in her arms. And then a thought struck her: What do I do now?
Her best bet was the rehab center, but that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town. How was she going to transport a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way? Luckily, some bemused strangers driving by offered her, her bike, and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station.
On the subway, no one seemed particularly annoyed by the feathered passenger. “One guy”, says Cordova-Rojas, “was sitting right in front of me on his phone. I don’t know if he noticed there was a swan in front of him.”
Cordova-Rojas called the rehab center on the way, and Tristan Higgin, an animal-care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove bird, bike, and rescuer to the facility. There, staff members determined that the swan might have lead poisoning, caused by swallowing weights used on fishing lines.
The staff got the swan back up on her webbed feet. She even made a boyfriend at the center—another injured swan. Sadly, even with all that TLC, the swan contracted a bacterial infection. Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue, she passed away.
It’s a disappointing ending, but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city—literally. “In all, Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway,” says Higginbotham, “That’s the perfect summary of who she is.”
34. What happened when Ariel Cordova-Rojas went on her trip to Queens?
A. She was attacked by an aggressive swan when watching birds.
B. She discovered a sick mute swan and took it to the rehab center.
C. A female swan was transported to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge.
D. A female swan was lifted to the nearby subway station by strangers.
35. What can we learn about the swan in the passage?
A. It had never been to a rehab center before.
B. It bothered the travelers on the subway.
C. It was poisoned and then contracted an infection
D. It was successfully rescued by all the passers-by.
36. Which of the following words can best describe Ariel Cordova-Rojas?
A. Enthusiastic and creative. B. Warm-hearted and professional.
C. Cooperative and generous. D. Responsible and ambitious.
【答案】34. B 35. C 36. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名为Ariel Cordova-Rojas女士不辞辛劳地救助一只受伤的天鹅的故事。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“A mile into her walk, she spotted a gorgeous female mute swan near the water’s edge.（步行一英里后，她在水边发现了一只美丽的雌性疣鼻天鹅）”和第三段的句子“Her best bet was the rehab center, but that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town.（她最好的选择是康复中心，但那里在东河对面，在城镇的另一边）”以及第五段的第一句话“Cordova-Rojas called the rehab center on the way, and Tristan Higgin, an animal-care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove bird, bike, and rescuer to the facility. （Cordova-Rojas在路上给康复中心打了电话，动物护理经理Tristan Higgin在地铁站接了她，把鸟、自行车和救援车送到了康复中心）”可知，Cordova-Rojas 发现了受伤的天鹅并把它送到了康复中心。故选B项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“There, staff members determined that the swan might have lead poisoning, caused by swallowing weights used on fishing lines.（在那里，工作人员确定这只天鹅可能是铅中毒，因为它吞下了钓鱼线上的重物）”可知，天鹅是因为铅中毒而受伤的；根据第六段的句子“ Sadly, even with all that TLC, the swan contracted a bacterial infection. （不幸的是，即使有了所有的TLC，天鹅还是感染了细菌）”可知，天鹅感染了细菌。故选C项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据Cordova-Rojas对天鹅的救助行为和第一段的句子“Cordova-Rojas, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund rehabilitation center in Manhattan, knew that mute swans can be aggressive.（30岁的Cordova-Rojas曾在曼哈顿野生鸟类基金会康复中心工作，她知道疣鼻天鹅可能具有攻击性）”和第二段的句子“She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova-Rojas draped her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, carefully picked it up, and held it in her arms.（她确信这只鸟需要医疗照顾。Cordova-Rojas用自己的夹克盖住鸟儿的头，让它保持冷静，然后小心翼翼地把它捡起来，抱在怀里）”可知，Cordova-Rojas很热心和专业。故选B项。
C
What are pillows really stuffed with? Not physically, but symbolically? The question occurred to me with the photos in the news and social media from the 50 cities around the world that staged public celebrations for International Pillow Fight Day. Armed with nothing more than bring-our-own sacrificial cushions, strangers struck heavily each other in playful feather from Amsterdam to Atlanta, Warsaw to Washington DC. But why? Is there anything more to this delightful celebration?
As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.
Subsequent writers have likewise seized upon the pillow. When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed “a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow”, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.
It’s a trick perhaps Bronte learned from the Renaissance philosopher Montaigne, who once insisted that “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head”. On Montaigne’s thinking, intelligence and happiness confront each other forever in a pillow fight that only one can win.
With the words of Tang. Bronte, and Montaigne, we can perhaps more easily measure the attraction of the global pillow fight. Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind. Rather than a launch-pad for weightless rest, the pillow is a symbol of heavy thought: an anchor that drags the world’s soul down — one that must be lightened.
37. The example of Tang Xianzu is used to illustrate that ________.
A. pillows give people satisfactory dreams
B. dreams are always wonderful while the real world is cruel
C. people’s impression of pillows changes from wonder to terror
D. pillows symbolically convey the meaning in contrast to their soft appearance
38. From the passage, we can learn that Charlotte Bronte ________.
A. wrote poems about pillows
B. regarded pillows as reflections of our minds
C. shared the same viewpoint as Tang Xianzu on pillows
D. was likely to have been influenced by the thoughts of the Renaissance
39. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head” most probably means ________.
A. pillows give us comfort
B. pillows make people more intelligent
C. people with too many thoughts have less inner peace
D. people can easily fall asleep when they know nothing
40. According to the author, why is Pillow Fight Day so popular around the world?
A. Because it is a ritual release.
B. Because it makes life delightful.
C. Because it comforts restless minds.
D. Because it contains a profound meaning of life.
【答案】37. D 38. B 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际枕头大战的意义和它受欢迎的原因。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.(作为一种文化标志，枕头看起来很柔软。至少从16世纪开始，不起眼的枕头就被赋予了意想不到的意义。中国剧作家汤显祖讲了一个著名的故事：一位智者在客栈里遇到一位抑郁的年轻书生，并送给他一个神奇的枕头，枕头里装满了看似更加充实的生活的最生动的梦想。当这个年轻人醒来，发现他50年的幸福梦想实际上在一个下午的小睡中来了又去时，我们对枕头力量的印象从惊讶变成了恐惧)”可知，以汤显祖的例子来说明，与柔软的外观形成鲜明对比的是，枕头象征性地传达了一种含义。故选D项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed ‘a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow’, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.(19世纪英国小说家夏洛蒂·勃朗特富有诗意地观察到‘不安的头脑形成不安的枕头’，她不仅改变了形容词和名词的预期顺序，反而模糊了精神和物质之间的界限——休息的东西和被休息的东西)”可知，夏洛蒂·勃朗特把枕头当作我们思想的反映。故选B项。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句子“ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head(无知是最柔软的枕头，一个人可以在上面休息)”中关键词ignorance可知，划线部分的含义指的是什么都不想的，无知的人很容易入睡。故选D项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind.(一年一度的国际枕头大战就像一种释放的仪式，相当于一种净化，是对日常烦恼的掸除：是对世界集体思想的清空)”可知，枕头大战日在全世界都很受欢迎因为它能安抚不安的心灵。故选C项。
D
Virtual reality is quickly becoming the new technological frontier. Tech companies everywhere seem to be racing to get their foot in the VR door. However, Virtual reality has a set of challenges and hurdles that it must overcome in order to work well. Michael Abrash, a writer and programmer, listed a number of these in a speech from 2014; they include things like low latency, high refresh rate, high resolution, a wide field of view and rock solid tracking, among others. Even if you don’t quite understand the technical aspects of those terms, it should be noted that VR is heavily dependent on being very fast, very accurate and very good-looking. If it isn’t, the viewer will feel motion sick or disconnected from the world that VR is trying to create.
Now that we can actually build VR headsets that begin to meet these requirements, we are seeing a rising interest in VR. As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
Some journalists and publications are already utilizing VR. Vice creative director Spike Jonze, in a collaboration with director and visual artist Chris Milk, put viewers at the scene of the Millions March protest in New York in December, 2014. The University of Southern California created “Project Syria,” which allows viewers to experience the bombing of a crowded neighborhood and visit a refugee camp in the titular, war-torn country. These are just a few examples of a growing number of projects that are out there.
Virtual reality is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows for people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect. The possibilities for storytelling here are legion, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.
The question of virtual reality, though, is not how powerful it is. That is immediately apparent. The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
Accessibility was one concern for Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications, who said that current VR technology is pretty exclusive right now. Despite that, he said he doesn’t think the exclusivity of this technology will be a problem in the long run.
“I think it’s very promising,” Hallaq said. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.” If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent hurdles, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.
41. Why is VR considered a powerful tool for journalism?
A. Because it is an exclusively new tool.
B. Because it is very powerful and popular.
C. Because people can experience the story in person.
D. Because it is very fast, accurate and good-looking.
42. According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge VR is facing?
A. How powerful and interesting it can be. B. Whether people will have easy access to it.
C. Whether qualified VR headsets can be built. D. What new ways people will find to deliver content.
43. What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology?
A optimistic B. neutral C. pessimistic D. concerned
44. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. The Wide Popularity of Virtual Reality B. The Future Development of Virtual Reality
C. Challenges and Hurdles of Virtual Reality D. Virtual Reality is the Future of Storytelling
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虚拟现实（VR）技术在新闻领域的应用，虚拟现实是记者的强大工具，但也存在一定的问题。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?(新闻是建立在相关性之上的媒体。记者应该一直寻找新的方式来讲述故事和传递内容。这是讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把一个人放在故事的中心更好的方法呢？)”可知，虚拟现实被认为是新闻的强大工具是因为人们可以亲身体验故事。故选C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces.(讲故事必须是容易做到的，而且必须能够随时获得这些故事。这是VR面临的最大挑战)”可知，虚拟现实面临的最大挑战是人们是否容易获得它。故选B。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent hurdles, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.(如果这项技术得到广泛应用，Oculus、三星、HTC和Valve等公司能够克服固有的障碍，VR将成功成为一种令人满意的讲故事的手段。就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式)”可推知，作者对VR技术的未来持积极态度。故选A。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?(随着虚拟现实的兴起，人们对创造新媒体体验虚拟现实的兴趣也在增加。新闻是建立在相关性之上的媒体。记者应该一直寻找新的方式来讲述故事和传递内容。这是讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把一个人放在故事的中心更好的方法呢？)”结合文章主要说明了虚拟现实（VR）技术在新闻领域的应用，虚拟现实是记者的强大工具，但也存在一定的问题。可知，D选项“虚拟现实是讲故事的未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
False Memories or Parallel (平行的) Realities?
Here is a common situation: You’re talking with someone about an event, only to discover that you both remember things quite differently. Usually, you’d put it down to a poor memory, but what if it wasn’t just one person who remembered things differently? What if it was millions?
In fact, this isn’t a “what if” situation. It’s known as the Mandela Effect, and it was first noticed in 2009 by paranormal researcher Fiona Broome. Broome was chatting with people about the South African activist Nelson Mandela, and she commented how sad it was that he had died in prison in the 1980s. ___45___ Actually, he'd been released in 1990, become president of South Africa, and died in 2013.
Broome was so shocked at this that she started an investigation. ___46___ People have memories of movies that never existed, and famous words that were never spoken. There is even a group who clearly recall seeing maps showing that New Zealand was northeast of Australia (it’s southeast ). So what in the world is going on?
___47___ In each reality, history is shaped by different events, and the Mandela Effect occurs when some of us shift from one reality to another. Therefore, those who remember Nelson Mandela dying in the 1980s aren’t wrong. They’re just remembering events from their original reality.
More likely, however, is that the Mandela Effect has to do with how our brains store information. ___48___ Many people remember Pikachu’s tail having a black tip on the end of it, when in fact it was always yellow. “Aha!” you cry. “Parallel realities!” Probably not. Consider instead that people often ignore unfamiliar details and transform information to make it more understandable. In the Pikachu example, his tail may not have a black tip, but his ears certainly do. Thus, both his ears and tail are misremembered as having black tips. ___49___
All things considered, if you’re stuck arguing with someone about whose version of events is correct, it may indeed be easier to agree that neither of you is wrong. You just come from different realities.
A. Before we explain let’s look at an example.
B. It turns out she wasn’t the only one who’d experienced this.
C. If several people make these memory errors, the false memory gets stronger socially.
D. The story of Nelson Mandela is not the only example of this type of false group memory.
E. Some claim the Mandela Effect happens because we live in one of many parallel realities.
F. Many in her group agreed, while others mentioned that Nelson Mandela had not died in prison.
G. As more incidents of the Mandela effect continue to occur, perhaps more research into the origins will tell us the causes.
【答案】45. F 46. D 47. E 48. A 49. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了曼德拉效应的发现以及相关研究和其产生的原因。
【45题详解】
上文“Broome was chatting with people about the South African activist Nelson Mandela, and she commented how sad it was that he had died in prison in the 1980s（布鲁姆和人们聊起了南非社会活动家纳尔逊·曼德拉，她说曼德拉在20世纪80年代死于狱中是多么令人悲伤。）”说明在布鲁姆记忆中曼德拉80年代死于狱中，下文“Actually, he'd been released in 1990, become president of South Africa, and died in 2013.（实际上，他在1990年被释放，成为南非总统，并于2013年去世。）”说明事实上曼德拉并不像布鲁姆记忆中的那样死于狱中，F项“Many in her group agreed, while others mentioned that Nelson Mandela had not died in prison.（她所在小组的很多人都同意这一观点，而其他人则提到，纳尔逊·曼德拉并没有死在监狱里。）”说明对曼德拉死亡时间这件事情的两种不同的观点，承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
【46题详解】
下文“People have memories of movies that never existed, and famous words that were never spoken. There is even a group who clearly recall seeing maps showing that New Zealand was northeast of Australia (it’s southeast ).（人们对从未存在过的电影有记忆，对从未说过的名言有记忆。甚至有一群人清楚地记得看到地图显示新西兰在澳大利亚的东北部(它在东南)。）”介绍了一些其他的有关错误记忆的例子，D项“The story of Nelson Mandela is not the only example of this type of false group memory.（纳尔逊·曼德拉的故事并不是这种错误群体记忆的唯一例子。）”引出下文，说明有关错误记忆的例子，符合语境，故选D项。
【47题详解】
上一段段末“So what in the world is going on?（那么到底发生了什么？）”以提问的方式引出下文对曼德拉效应产生原因的解释，下文“In each reality, history is shaped by different events, and the Mandela Effect occurs when some of us shift from one reality to another.（在每个现实中，历史是由不同的事件塑造的，当我们中的一些人从一个现实转向另一个现实时，曼德拉效应就发生了。）”说明曼德勒效应产生可能是由于不同的现实，E项“Some claim the Mandela Effect happens because we live in one of many parallel realities.（一些人声称，曼德拉效应的出现是因为我们生活在许多平行的现实中。）”作为段首，承上启下，引出“多个平行现实”这一概念，说明有些人认为的曼德拉效应产生的原因，和下文中“从一个现实转向另一个现实”相衔接，符合语境。故选E项。
【48题详解】
上文“More likely, however, is that the Mandela Effect has to do with how our brains store information.（然而，更有可能的是，曼德拉效应与我们大脑储存信息的方式有关。）”提出了另一种曼德拉效应产生的原因，下文“Many people remember Pikachu’s tail having a black tip on the end of it, when in fact it was always yellow…Probably not…In the Pikachu example, his tail may not have a black tip, but his ears certainly do. Thus, both his ears and tail are misremembered as having black tips.（许多人都记得皮卡丘的尾巴末端有一个黑色的尖，但实际上它总是黄色的……或许不是……在皮卡丘的例子中，它的尾巴可能没有黑色的尖，但它的耳朵肯定有。因此，人们误以为它的耳朵和尾巴都是黑色的。）”以皮卡丘的例子说明曼德拉效应产生的另一个原因可能是人们信息存储的问题，A项“Before we explain let’s look at an example.（在解释之前，让我们看一个例子。）”承上启下，引出下文的例子。故选A项。
【49题详解】
上文“Many people remember Pikachu’s tail having a black tip on the end of it, when in fact it was always yellow…Thus, both his ears and tail are misremembered as having black tips.（许多人都记得皮卡丘的尾巴末端有一个黑色的尖，但实际上它总是黄色的……因此，人们误以为它的耳朵和尾巴都是黑色的。）”说明人们对皮卡丘形象的错误记忆是由于人们对信息的错误处理，C项“If several people make these memory errors, the false memory gets stronger socially.（如果一些人犯了这些记忆错误，错误的记忆就会在社会上变得更强。）”说明为什么很多人会有一个群体的错误记忆，承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题：第50，51题每小题2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
How do our food choices affect the environment?
Producing the foods we eat has massive environmental impacts: it requires vast tracts of land and huge quantities of water. In addition to using land and water, food production results in greenhouse gas emissions—from the fossil fuels burned to run tractors and harvesters, for example, and from the gases released when cow manure decomposes(粪便分解) and from when cows burp and fart(打嗝和放屁). These emissions add up: scientists estimate that food production around the world causes up to 30% of all the greenhouse gases people release to the atmosphere each year.
Raising cows and sheep for meat has an especially large environmental footprint with regards to land use, water use, and greenhouse gas emissions. Because of this, we wanted to find out: Would changing peoples’ diets have a significant environmental effect? And if so, which diets are likely to be healthiest for ourselves and for the planet?
We identified 14 diets that scientists have proposed as being more environmentally sustainable: these included vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian(鱼素者，吃鱼不吃肉的半素食主义者), and replacing red meat with pork and chicken, to name a few.
Overall our review found that reducing meat intake generally resulted in less greenhouse gas emissions, less land use, and less water use. The environmental impact from switching to alternative diets varied greatly across the studies—some found changes of 70% less greenhouse gas emissions and land use, while others found only slight reductions or even increases.
The more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
Being conscious about both the environmental impacts and healthiness of the foods we eat is an important start. For most of us, following healthy guidelines for a balanced diet would go a long way to improving health and environmental sustainability.
50. What impacts does food production have on the environment?
____________________________________________________________
51. In terms of our daily diet, what can we do to reduce environmental impacts?
____________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat.
____________________________________________________________
53. Apart from what has been mentioned in the passage, what can we do to make our life more eco-friendly?
____________________________________________________________
【答案】50. Using land and water and resulting in greenhouse emission.
51. Reducing meat intake.
52. Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat. Because the more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier but not healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
53. We should have the save-energy consciousness and do something that we can, for instance using the bus rather than the car when you go out, re-using the things that can be recycled, reducing the use of plastic bags and so on.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了我们的食物选择为什么会影响环境。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句话“In addition to using land and water, food production results in greenhouse gas emissions—from the fossil fuels burned to run tractors and harvesters, for example, and from the gases released when cow manure decomposes(粪便分解) and from when cows burp and fart(打嗝和放屁). （除了使用土地和水之外，粮食生产还会产生温室气体排放——例如，拖拉机和收割机燃烧的化石燃料、牛粪分解时释放的气体以及奶牛打嗝和放屁时释放的气体）”可知，粮食生产对环境的影响主要包括使用土地和水以及产生温室气体排放。故答案为Using land and water and resulting in greenhouse emission.
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句话“Overall, our review found that reducing meat intake generally resulted in less greenhouse gas emissions, less land use, and less water use.（总的来说，我们的研究发现，减少肉类摄入量通常会减少温室气体排放，减少土地使用和水的使用）”可知，减少肉类摄入量就会减少对环境的影响。故答案为Reducing meat intake.
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段句子“The more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.（由于蔬菜和水果的增加以及红肉和加工肉类消费的减少，更可持续的饮食通常被认为稍微健康一些。）”可知，纯素、素食、鱼素等饮食只是略微健康，而不是更健康。故答案为Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat. Because the more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier but not healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
【53题详解】
本题是一道开放题，言之有理即可。该问题主语涉及到在生活中我们能做些什么使我们的生活更环保? 根据生活常识，生活中我们可以做很多事来实现环保行为。例如外出时使用公共汽车而不是汽车，重复使用可以回收的东西，减少使用塑料袋等等。故答案为：We should have the save-energy consciousness and do something that we can, for instance using the bus rather than the car when you go out, re-using the things that can be recycled, reducing the use of plastic bags and so on.
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信询问你校开展体育活动的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 你校开展的体育活动；
2. 你最喜欢的一项运动及理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s pleasure to receive your email asking me about the physical activities of our school and I’d love to share them with you. We have many different kinds of activities, such as playing basketball, football, volleyball, running, going skiing and so on.
As for me, my favorite sport is running, from which I benefit a lot. First, running is good for my health. Second, I, as you may know, am busy preparing for my college entrance examination. Running can make me relaxed some time. Besides, I like the feeling of running around on the playground, enjoying the sunshine and breathing the fresh air.
How about you? I am so curious about your physical activities in Britain. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信询问你校开展体育活动的情况。请你给他回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
快乐：pleasure→joy
各种各样的：many different kinds of→a variety of
此外：besides→in addition
放松的：relaxed→relieved
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We have many different kinds of activities, such as playing basketball, football, volleyball, running, going skiing and so on.
拓展句：We have many different kinds of activities, which include playing basketball, football, volleyball, running, going skiing and so on.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s pleasure to receive your email asking me about the physical activities of our school and I’d love to share them with you. (运用了it作形式主语)
[高分句型2] As for me, my favorite sport is running, from which I benefit a lot. (运用了“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句)
北京四中2022-2023学年度第一学期期中试卷
高三英语
(试卷满分为100分，考试时间为100分钟)
第一部分：知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Three of his novels have been ________ for television.
A. applauded B. adapted C. applied D. adopted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的三部小说已被改编成电视剧。A. applauded称赞；B. adapted改编；C. applied申请；D. adopted采用。根据前文的“novels”以及后文的“television”可知，此处考查固定搭配be adapted for意为“被改编为”，此处指小说被改编成电视剧。故选B项。
2. The museum ________ many of the treasures from Tang Dynasty.
A. hosts B. harvests C. houses D. holds
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个博物馆收藏了许多唐代的珍宝。A. hosts主办；B. harvests收割；C. houses收藏；D. holds拿着。根据后文“the treasures from Tang Dynasty”可知，此句是博物馆收藏了许多珍宝之意。故选C项。
3. The Chinatown in San Francisco is a very popular tourist________.
A. digest B. draw C. distinction D. division
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：旧金山的唐人街是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点。A. digest摘要；B. draw有吸引力的物；C. distinction区别；D. division分开。根据上文“a very popular tourist”可知为短语tourist draw表示“旅游胜地”。故选B。
4. I ________ my thoughts, took a deep breath, and entered the interview room.
A. updated B. raised C. cleared D. collected
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我整理好思绪，深吸了一口气，走进了面试室。A. updated更新；B. raised提升；C. cleared清理；D. collected聚集。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定搭配collect one’s thoughts，意为“集中思想”。根据后文的“interview room”可知，“我”是在面试，所以要集中精神。故选D项。
5. He ________ that such things should never be done.
A. maintained B. suspected C. wondered D. recommended
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他坚持认为这种事决不应该做。A. maintained坚持；B. suspected怀疑；C. wondered想知道；D. recommended推荐。根据句意和that从句中的should可知，该句子的谓语动词应该用maintain（表示“主张”的动词，如“insist”(坚持)，“maintain”(主张)，“hold”(主张)，“urge”(敦促)等后接宾语从句时，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”）。故选A项。
6. She has been awarded with many prizes in ________ of her services to society.
A. memory B. recognition C. expression D. charge
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她被授予许多奖项以表彰她对社会的贡献。A. memory记忆；B. recognition认可；C. expression表达；D. charge掌管。根据后文“of her services to society”可知为短语in recognition of，表示“表彰”，故选B。
7. Anyone, once tested ________ for the bird flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. positive B. possible C. potential D. proper
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：任何禽流感病毒检测呈阳性的人，都将得到我国政府的免费治疗。A. positive阳性的；B. possible可能的；C. potential潜在的；D. proper适当的。根据后文“will receive free medical treatment from our government”得到免费治疗可知，是已得禽流感，所以是positive检测为阳性符合句意。故选A项。
8. Rules of online voting should be worked out and strictly ________.
A. passed B. permitted C. observed D. proved
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：应该制定网上投票的规则并严格遵守。A. passed通过；B. permitted允许；C. observed遵守，观察；D. proved证明。根据上文“Rules of online voting should be worked out and strictly”指遵守规则，故选C。
9. From then on, we’ve kept in touch with each other ________ e-mails.
A. on B. through C. beyond D. against
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我们一直通过电子邮件保持联系。A. on在……上，关于；B. through通过；C. beyond超过；D. against反对。根据前文的“kept in touch”可知，是表达“通过电子邮件保持联系”之意。故选B项。
10. When ________ on a long walk, I always wear suitable shoes.
A. getting off B. letting off C. setting out D. putting out
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当出发远行时，我总是穿合适的鞋子。A. getting off下车；B. letting off释放；C. setting out出发，启程；D. putting out熄灭。根据句意可知，应该是出发远行时，穿合适的鞋子，“set out”意为“出发，启程”，符合语境，句子为时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有“be”，可省略从句主语和“be”，省略前为“When I am setting out on a long walk”，故空格处应填“setting out”。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat.
One morning I ___11___ a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.
Lamb and mother ___12___. I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so ___13___ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously, Don had somehow made the ___14___ move.
My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the ___15___. I ran desperately but failed to ___16___. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The last thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I reached the fence and looked over. The tractor was ___17___ against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the ___18___ road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I ___19___ the tractor, he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt and raced back to me. Don was given a special ___20___ that night — I didn’t want him to think I was angry with him.
11. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned
12. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined
13. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult
14. A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence
15 A. crowd B. hill C. field D. motorway
16. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out
17. A. resting B. running C. parking D. turning
18. A. winding B. deserted C. rough D. busy
19. A. abandoned B. recognized C. approached D. repaired
20. A. meal B. test C. job D. lesson
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者为了救一只迷路的小羊羔，拉了手刹把拖拉机停下，结果车上的狗Don不知怎么把车启动了，车子穿过护栏冲向高速公路，幸运的是最终没人受重伤。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早晨，当我在靠近高速公路穿过我的土地的最上面的田地时，我发现了一只迷路的羔羊。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried携带；D. returned返回。根据下文“The lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it”对小羊的描述及下文作者去照顾它可知，作者发现了一只小羊。故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和妈妈团聚了，我转向拖拉机，却看到拖拉机突然离我而去。A. freed释放；B. switched转变；C. reunited团聚；D. examined检查。根据上文“The lamb had become separated from its mother”以及后文“l turned back to the tractor”可知，小羊羔和妈妈走散了，我下车帮他，现在作者转身走向拖拉机，是因为作者把小羊送回妈妈身边。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车的时候手刹已经拉上了。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。根据空后“because l had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.”可知，作者下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以车子突然开动很出乎意料。故选A项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，Don让车动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据上文“I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.”可知，此处指车辆在动。故选B项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机驶向高速公路时，我的心都僵住了。A. crowd人群；B. hill山丘；C. field田地；D. motorway高速公路。根据下文“The tractor was 7 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the 8 road with fast-flowing traffic.”可知，车子奇迹般地穿过了车流繁忙的马路，所以是驶向了高速公路。故选D项。
【16题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命跑，但是没有追上。A. take off脱下；B. catch up赶上；C. hold back抑制；D. get out出去。根据语境及下文“It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.”可知，作者看到拖拉机冲向高速公路，应是拼命跑着去追，但是没有追上。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机靠在中央保留地的防撞护栏上，奇迹般地穿过了交通繁忙的道路。A.resting (使)倚靠；B. running跑步；C. parking停车；D. turning翻转。根据下文“having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the 8 road with fast-flowing traffic.”及语境可知，拖拉机穿过马路，靠在了中央保留地的防撞护栏上。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机靠在中央保留地的防撞护栏上，奇迹般地穿过了交通繁忙的道路。A. winding弯曲的；B. deserted被遗弃的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据空后“with fast-flowing traffic”可知，这条路交通繁忙。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没看见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，他跳到了路上，显然没有受伤，然后冲回我身边。A. abandoned遗弃；B. recognized认出；C. approached接近；D. repaired修理。根据上文“I couldn’t see Don”可知，作者没看见Don，所以应是上前查看。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上Don吃了一顿特别的饭——我不想让他认为我在生他的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作；D. lesson课程。根据下文“I didn’t want him to think I was angry with him.”可知，我不想让Don认为我在生他的气，而由上文可知，Don是一条狗，结合选项，应该是一顿特别的饭。故选A项。
第三节(共10小题：每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The day’s track workout is posted on the bulletin board in the locker room. As I read the schedule, my heart ___21___(drop). Today’s practice consists of a 1200, 800 and 400 meters’ running with a 5-minute warm-up and cool-down. The butterflies in my stomach begin to flutter as I start to doubt ___22___ I’m in good enough shape to complete this. I am my own worst enemy. Slowly, I get dressed. As I tie my running shoes, I fight the urge ___23___(hide) somewhere, anywhere.
【答案】21. drops
22. if##whether
23. to hide
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者看到田径训练项目后的心理活动。
【21题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我看到日程表时，我的心怦怦直跳。根据全文的时态是一般现在时确定空格处的谓语动词也应该用一般现在时；由主语是my heart确定谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填drops。
【22题详解】
考查连词。句意：我开始怀疑我的身体状况是否足够好来完成这项工作。 根据句意和空格前的动词doubt分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个宾语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词，从句成分完整，但缺少“是否”之意，应用if/whether引导。故填if或whether。
【23题详解】
考查不定式。句意：当我系好跑鞋时，我抑制住了想藏在某个地方的冲动。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是定语，修饰前面的名词urge，而名词urge后面应该用不定式作定语，表示“干……的冲动”。故填to hide。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks ___24___(bring) in half as much money as Ministers first predicted, the first official data on the policy has shown. First ___25___(announce) in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, ___26___(introduce) to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming too much, almost three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a ___27___(high) risk of the disease than those in the past decade.
【答案】24. has brought
25. announced
26. was introduced
27. higher
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收糖税的原因。
【24题详解】
考查时态。句意：英国政府对软饮料征收糖税的首份官方数据显示，该政策带来的税收是大臣们最初预期的一半。根据句意和下文的“the first official data on the policy has shown”可知，空格处的谓语动词也应该用现在完成时；因为主语是“The Government’s sugar tax”，所以助动词应该用has。故填has brought。
【25题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。根据句意分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式作状语，announce和句中主语the tax之间是逻辑被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作状语。故填announced。
【26题详解】
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，陈述过去的事实，且句子主语和谓语动词introduce之间是被动关系，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态；根据主语the tax确定谓语动词用单数形式。故填was introduced。
【27题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：据信，现在的儿童和青少年摄入了太多的糖，几乎是推荐水平的三倍，使他们比过去十年的人患糖尿病的风险更高。根据句意和下文的than可知，空格处应该用所给形容词high的比较级形式higher。故填higher。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Ancient volcanoes on the moon likely left more water than what sits in Lake Michigan locked in ice beneath the lunar surface. This is a potential source for ___28___(astronaut) the researchers from the University of Colorado have concluded in a newly published study. The findings reflect NASA interest in possibilities for a long-term moon base, ___29___ requires water supplies for drinking and producing rocket fuel. NASA investigations in 2020 confirmed they detected water crystals on the surface of the moon, ___30___(indicate) more water than previously believed may be present.
【答案】28. astronauts
29. which 30. indicating
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。月球上的古代火山留下的水被封锁在月球表面下的冰里。经研究证实，月球上可能存在比之前认为更多的水。
【28题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：科罗拉多大学的研究人员在一项新发表的研究中得出结论：对于宇航员来说，这是一个潜在的来源。空处需填名词作介词for的宾语，astronaut是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填astronauts。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这些发现反映了美国宇航局对建立长期月球基地的可能性的兴趣，该基地需要水为其供应饮用和生产火箭燃料。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，该从句缺主语，且指代前面的基地，又有逗号隔开，指物，故填which。
【30题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：NASA在2020年进行的调查证实，他们在月球表面发现了水晶体，表明月球上可能存在比之前认为更多的水。分析句子可知，该空应用非谓语形式，依据句意，表示自然而然的结果应用现在分词形式，故填indicating。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four winter wonderlands for cold-weather getaways
◆ JW Marriott The Rosseau Muskoka
Beat any holiday stress with the new HydroSpa opening at Muskoka’s JW Marriott on Nov. 1. The outdoor water entertainment will be open year-round, offering multiple ways to relax including sea-salt floating pools and hot bathtubs.
Stays from $349 / night
◆ Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel
This historic inn in Niagara Falls offers multiple ways to relax. There’s Winterfest, meals enjoyed in dining domes(穹顶)housed in the inn’s private square, and the Alpine Club offering roasted nuts and wine around a fire pit. The property will host its annual holiday market on Nov. 26.
Stays from $249 / night
◆ Dromoland Castle
If you’re going to go big—and further away—for New Year’s, you may as well go black tie. This grand estate in western Ireland is offering a three - night celebration package, beginning either Dec. 30 or 31. The event on New Year’s Eve includes a cocktail reception and six-course dinner. Guests will have access to various activities on the property’s 450 acres including hunting and farming.
Stays from $2,051 / night
◆ St. Regis Aspen
Along with access to many ski options, the hotel’s guests can expect family-friendly fun during the week leading up to Dec. 25. The workshop here is a craft room where attendees can make everything from toys to gifts by hand. Additional sessions cover winter cooking and house decorating.
Stays from US $899 / night
31. How often is the holiday market open in Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel?
A. Yearly. B. Daily. C. Monthly. D. Weekly.
32. What activities can you enjoy if you stay at St. Regis Aspen?
A. Hunting. B. Floating. C. Skating. D. DIY.
33. Which may offer life experience in the countryside?
A. St. Regis Aspen. B. Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel.
C. Dromoland Castle. D. JW Marriott The Rosseau Muskoka.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个冬季避寒胜地。
【详解】1.细节理解题。由Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel这一部分中的“The property will host its annual holiday market on Nov. 26.”（该酒店将于11月26日举办一年一度的假日市场。）可知，Old Stone Inn Boutique Hotel的假日市场一年举办一次。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。由St. Regis Aspen这一部分中的“Santa’s Workshop is a craft room where attendees can make everything from toys to gifts by hand.”（圣诞老人的工作室是一个工艺室，参加者可以手工制作从玩具到礼物的所有东西。）可知，在St. Regis Aspen里，参加者可以手工制作自己喜欢的东西。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由Dromoland Castle这一部分中的“Guests will have access to various activities on the property’s 450 acres including hunting and farming.”（客人将可以在这酒店450英亩的地域里参加各种活动，包括狩猎和农业。）可知，游客可以在Dromoland Castle里体验乡村生活。故选C项。
B
Honk if You Love Birds
When Ariel Cordova-Rojas rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York, last November, she planned to go hiking and bird-watching. Bingo! A mile into her walk, she spotted a gorgeous female mute swan near the water’s edge. Cordova-Rojas, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund rehabilitation center in Manhattan, knew that mute swans can be aggressive. But as she approached this one, it didn’t move.
She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova-Rojas draped her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, carefully picked it up, and held it in her arms. And then a thought struck her: What do I do now?
Her best bet was the rehab center, but that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town. How was she going to transport a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way? Luckily, some bemused strangers driving by offered her, her bike, and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station.
On the subway, no one seemed particularly annoyed by the feathered passenger. “One guy”, says Cordova-Rojas, “was sitting right in front of me on his phone. I don’t know if he noticed there was a swan in front of him.”
Cordova-Rojas called the rehab center on the way, and Tristan Higgin, an animal-care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove bird, bike, and rescuer to the facility. There, staff members determined that the swan might have lead poisoning, caused by swallowing weights used on fishing lines.
The staff got the swan back up on her webbed feet. She even made a boyfriend at the center—another injured swan. Sadly, even with all that TLC, the swan contracted a bacterial infection. Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue, she passed away.
It’s a disappointing ending, but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city—literally. “In all, Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway,” says Higginbotham, “That’s the perfect summary of who she is.”
34. What happened when Ariel Cordova-Rojas went on her trip to Queens?
A. She was attacked by an aggressive swan when watching birds.
B. She discovered a sick mute swan and took it to the rehab center.
C. A female swan was transported to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge.
D. A female swan was lifted to the nearby subway station by strangers.
35. What can we learn about the swan in the passage?
A. It had never been to a rehab center before.
B. It bothered the travelers on the subway.
C. It was poisoned and then contracted an infection
D. It was successfully rescued by all the passers-by.
36. Which of the following words can best describe Ariel Cordova-Rojas?
A. Enthusiastic and creative. B. Warm-hearted and professional.
C. Cooperative and generous. D. Responsible and ambitious.
【答案】34. B 35. C 36. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名为Ariel Cordova-Rojas女士不辞辛劳地救助一只受伤的天鹅的故事。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“A mile into her walk, she spotted a gorgeous female mute swan near the water’s edge.（步行一英里后，她在水边发现了一只美丽的雌性疣鼻天鹅）”和第三段的句子“Her best bet was the rehab center, but that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town.（她最好的选择是康复中心，但那里在东河对面，在城镇的另一边）”以及第五段的第一句话“Cordova-Rojas called the rehab center on the way, and Tristan Higgin, an animal-care manager, picked her up at the subway station and drove bird, bike, and rescuer to the facility. （Cordova-Rojas在路上给康复中心打了电话，动物护理经理Tristan Higgin在地铁站接了她，把鸟、自行车和救援车送到了康复中心）”可知，Cordova-Rojas 发现了受伤的天鹅并把它送到了康复中心。故选B项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“There, staff members determined that the swan might have lead poisoning, caused by swallowing weights used on fishing lines.（在那里，工作人员确定这只天鹅可能是铅中毒，因为它吞下了钓鱼线上的重物）”可知，天鹅是因为铅中毒而受伤的；根据第六段的句子“ Sadly, even with all that TLC, the swan contracted a bacterial infection. （不幸的是，即使有了所有的TLC，天鹅还是感染了细菌）”可知，天鹅感染了细菌。故选C项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据Cordova-Rojas对天鹅的救助行为和第一段的句子“Cordova-Rojas, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund rehabilitation center in Manhattan, knew that mute swans can be aggressive.（30岁的Cordova-Rojas曾在曼哈顿野生鸟类基金会康复中心工作，她知道疣鼻天鹅可能具有攻击性）”和第二段的句子“She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova-Rojas draped her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, carefully picked it up, and held it in her arms.（她确信这只鸟需要医疗照顾。Cordova-Rojas用自己的夹克盖住鸟儿的头，让它保持冷静，然后小心翼翼地把它捡起来，抱在怀里）”可知，Cordova-Rojas很热心和专业。故选B项。
C
What are pillows really stuffed with? Not physically, but symbolically? The question occurred to me with the photos in the news and social media from the 50 cities around the world that staged public celebrations for International Pillow Fight Day. Armed with nothing more than bring-our-own sacrificial cushions, strangers struck heavily each other in playful feather from Amsterdam to Atlanta, Warsaw to Washington DC. But why? Is there anything more to this delightful celebration?
As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.
Subsequent writers have likewise seized upon the pillow. When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed “a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow”, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.
It’s a trick perhaps Bronte learned from the Renaissance philosopher Montaigne, who once insisted that “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head”. On Montaigne’s thinking, intelligence and happiness confront each other forever in a pillow fight that only one can win.
With the words of Tang. Bronte, and Montaigne, we can perhaps more easily measure the attraction of the global pillow fight. Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind. Rather than a launch-pad for weightless rest, the pillow is a symbol of heavy thought: an anchor that drags the world’s soul down — one that must be lightened.
37. The example of Tang Xianzu is used to illustrate that ________.
A. pillows give people satisfactory dreams
B. dreams are always wonderful while the real world is cruel
C. people’s impression of pillows changes from wonder to terror
D. pillows symbolically convey the meaning in contrast to their soft appearance
38. From the passage, we can learn that Charlotte Bronte ________.
A. wrote poems about pillows
B. regarded pillows as reflections of our minds
C. shared the same viewpoint as Tang Xianzu on pillows
D. was likely to have been influenced by the thoughts of the Renaissance
39. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head” most probably means ________.
A. pillows give us comfort
B. pillows make people more intelligent
C. people with too many thoughts have less inner peace
D. people can easily fall asleep when they know nothing
40. According to the author, why is Pillow Fight Day so popular around the world?
A. Because it is a ritual release.
B. Because it makes life delightful.
C. Because it comforts restless minds.
D. Because it contains a profound meaning of life.
【答案】37. D 38. B 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际枕头大战的意义和它受欢迎的原因。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.(作为一种文化标志，枕头看起来很柔软。至少从16世纪开始，不起眼的枕头就被赋予了意想不到的意义。中国剧作家汤显祖讲了一个著名的故事：一位智者在客栈里遇到一位抑郁的年轻书生，并送给他一个神奇的枕头，枕头里装满了看似更加充实的生活的最生动的梦想。当这个年轻人醒来，发现他50年的幸福梦想实际上在一个下午的小睡中来了又去时，我们对枕头力量的印象从惊讶变成了恐惧)”可知，以汤显祖的例子来说明，与柔软的外观形成鲜明对比的是，枕头象征性地传达了一种含义。故选D项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed ‘a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow’, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.(19世纪英国小说家夏洛蒂·勃朗特富有诗意地观察到‘不安的头脑形成不安的枕头’，她不仅改变了形容词和名词的预期顺序，反而模糊了精神和物质之间的界限——休息的东西和被休息的东西)”可知，夏洛蒂·勃朗特把枕头当作我们思想的反映。故选B项。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句子“ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head(无知是最柔软的枕头，一个人可以在上面休息)”中关键词ignorance可知，划线部分的含义指的是什么都不想的，无知的人很容易入睡。故选D项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind.(一年一度的国际枕头大战就像一种释放的仪式，相当于一种净化，是对日常烦恼的掸除：是对世界集体思想的清空)”可知，枕头大战日在全世界都很受欢迎因为它能安抚不安的心灵。故选C项。
D
Virtual reality is quickly becoming the new technological frontier. Tech companies everywhere seem to be racing to get their foot in the VR door. However, Virtual reality has a set of challenges and hurdles that it must overcome in order to work well. Michael Abrash, a writer and programmer, listed a number of these in a speech from 2014; they include things like low latency, high refresh rate, high resolution, a wide field of view and rock solid tracking, among others. Even if you don’t quite understand the technical aspects of those terms, it should be noted that VR is heavily dependent on being very fast, very accurate and very good-looking. If it isn’t, the viewer will feel motion sick or disconnected from the world that VR is trying to create.
Now that we can actually build VR headsets that begin to meet these requirements, we are seeing a rising interest in VR. As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
Some journalists and publications are already utilizing VR. Vice creative director Spike Jonze, in a collaboration with director and visual artist Chris Milk, put viewers at the scene of the Millions March protest in New York in December, 2014. The University of Southern California created “Project Syria,” which allows viewers to experience the bombing of a crowded neighborhood and visit a refugee camp in the titular, war-torn country. These are just a few examples of a growing number of projects that are out there.
Virtual reality is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows for people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect. The possibilities for storytelling here are legion, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.
The question of virtual reality, though, is not how powerful it is. That is immediately apparent. The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
Accessibility was one concern for Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications, who said that current VR technology is pretty exclusive right now. Despite that, he said he doesn’t think the exclusivity of this technology will be a problem in the long run.
“I think it’s very promising,” Hallaq said. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.” If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent hurdles, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.
41. Why is VR considered a powerful tool for journalism?
A. Because it is an exclusively new tool.
B. Because it is very powerful and popular.
C. Because people can experience the story in person.
D. Because it is very fast, accurate and good-looking.
42. According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge VR is facing?
A. How powerful and interesting it can be. B. Whether people will have easy access to it.
C. Whether qualified VR headsets can be built. D. What new ways people will find to deliver content.
43. What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology?
A optimistic B. neutral C. pessimistic D. concerned
44. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. The Wide Popularity of Virtual Reality B. The Future Development of Virtual Reality
C. Challenges and Hurdles of Virtual Reality D. Virtual Reality is the Future of Storytelling
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虚拟现实（VR）技术在新闻领域的应用，虚拟现实是记者的强大工具，但也存在一定的问题。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?(新闻是建立在相关性之上的媒体。记者应该一直寻找新的方式来讲述故事和传递内容。这是讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把一个人放在故事的中心更好的方法呢？)”可知，虚拟现实被认为是新闻的强大工具是因为人们可以亲身体验故事。故选C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces.(讲故事必须是容易做到的，而且必须能够随时获得这些故事。这是VR面临的最大挑战)”可知，虚拟现实面临的最大挑战是人们是否容易获得它。故选B。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent hurdles, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.(如果这项技术得到广泛应用，Oculus、三星、HTC和Valve等公司能够克服固有的障碍，VR将成功成为一种令人满意的讲故事的手段。就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式)”可推知，作者对VR技术的未来持积极态度。故选A。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?(随着虚拟现实的兴起，人们对创造新媒体体验虚拟现实的兴趣也在增加。新闻是建立在相关性之上的媒体。记者应该一直寻找新的方式来讲述故事和传递内容。这是讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把一个人放在故事的中心更好的方法呢？)”结合文章主要说明了虚拟现实（VR）技术在新闻领域的应用，虚拟现实是记者的强大工具，但也存在一定的问题。可知，D选项“虚拟现实是讲故事的未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
False Memories or Parallel (平行的) Realities?
Here is a common situation: You’re talking with someone about an event, only to discover that you both remember things quite differently. Usually, you’d put it down to a poor memory, but what if it wasn’t just one person who remembered things differently? What if it was millions?
In fact, this isn’t a “what if” situation. It’s known as the Mandela Effect, and it was first noticed in 2009 by paranormal researcher Fiona Broome. Broome was chatting with people about the South African activist Nelson Mandela, and she commented how sad it was that he had died in prison in the 1980s. ___45___ Actually, he'd been released in 1990, become president of South Africa, and died in 2013.
Broome was so shocked at this that she started an investigation. ___46___ People have memories of movies that never existed, and famous words that were never spoken. There is even a group who clearly recall seeing maps showing that New Zealand was northeast of Australia (it’s southeast ). So what in the world is going on?
___47___ In each reality, history is shaped by different events, and the Mandela Effect occurs when some of us shift from one reality to another. Therefore, those who remember Nelson Mandela dying in the 1980s aren’t wrong. They’re just remembering events from their original reality.
More likely, however, is that the Mandela Effect has to do with how our brains store information. ___48___ Many people remember Pikachu’s tail having a black tip on the end of it, when in fact it was always yellow. “Aha!” you cry. “Parallel realities!” Probably not. Consider instead that people often ignore unfamiliar details and transform information to make it more understandable. In the Pikachu example, his tail may not have a black tip, but his ears certainly do. Thus, both his ears and tail are misremembered as having black tips. ___49___
All things considered, if you’re stuck arguing with someone about whose version of events is correct, it may indeed be easier to agree that neither of you is wrong. You just come from different realities.
A. Before we explain let’s look at an example.
B. It turns out she wasn’t the only one who’d experienced this.
C. If several people make these memory errors, the false memory gets stronger socially.
D. The story of Nelson Mandela is not the only example of this type of false group memory.
E. Some claim the Mandela Effect happens because we live in one of many parallel realities.
F. Many in her group agreed, while others mentioned that Nelson Mandela had not died in prison.
G. As more incidents of the Mandela effect continue to occur, perhaps more research into the origins will tell us the causes.
【答案】45. F 46. D 47. E 48. A 49. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了曼德拉效应的发现以及相关研究和其产生的原因。
【45题详解】
上文“Broome was chatting with people about the South African activist Nelson Mandela, and she commented how sad it was that he had died in prison in the 1980s（布鲁姆和人们聊起了南非社会活动家纳尔逊·曼德拉，她说曼德拉在20世纪80年代死于狱中是多么令人悲伤。）”说明在布鲁姆记忆中曼德拉80年代死于狱中，下文“Actually, he'd been released in 1990, become president of South Africa, and died in 2013.（实际上，他在1990年被释放，成为南非总统，并于2013年去世。）”说明事实上曼德拉并不像布鲁姆记忆中的那样死于狱中，F项“Many in her group agreed, while others mentioned that Nelson Mandela had not died in prison.（她所在小组的很多人都同意这一观点，而其他人则提到，纳尔逊·曼德拉并没有死在监狱里。）”说明对曼德拉死亡时间这件事情的两种不同的观点，承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
【46题详解】
下文“People have memories of movies that never existed, and famous words that were never spoken. There is even a group who clearly recall seeing maps showing that New Zealand was northeast of Australia (it’s southeast ).（人们对从未存在过的电影有记忆，对从未说过的名言有记忆。甚至有一群人清楚地记得看到地图显示新西兰在澳大利亚的东北部(它在东南)。）”介绍了一些其他的有关错误记忆的例子，D项“The story of Nelson Mandela is not the only example of this type of false group memory.（纳尔逊·曼德拉的故事并不是这种错误群体记忆的唯一例子。）”引出下文，说明有关错误记忆的例子，符合语境，故选D项。
【47题详解】
上一段段末“So what in the world is going on?（那么到底发生了什么？）”以提问的方式引出下文对曼德拉效应产生原因的解释，下文“In each reality, history is shaped by different events, and the Mandela Effect occurs when some of us shift from one reality to another.（在每个现实中，历史是由不同的事件塑造的，当我们中的一些人从一个现实转向另一个现实时，曼德拉效应就发生了。）”说明曼德勒效应产生可能是由于不同的现实，E项“Some claim the Mandela Effect happens because we live in one of many parallel realities.（一些人声称，曼德拉效应的出现是因为我们生活在许多平行的现实中。）”作为段首，承上启下，引出“多个平行现实”这一概念，说明有些人认为的曼德拉效应产生的原因，和下文中“从一个现实转向另一个现实”相衔接，符合语境。故选E项。
【48题详解】
上文“More likely, however, is that the Mandela Effect has to do with how our brains store information.（然而，更有可能的是，曼德拉效应与我们大脑储存信息的方式有关。）”提出了另一种曼德拉效应产生的原因，下文“Many people remember Pikachu’s tail having a black tip on the end of it, when in fact it was always yellow…Probably not…In the Pikachu example, his tail may not have a black tip, but his ears certainly do. Thus, both his ears and tail are misremembered as having black tips.（许多人都记得皮卡丘的尾巴末端有一个黑色的尖，但实际上它总是黄色的……或许不是……在皮卡丘的例子中，它的尾巴可能没有黑色的尖，但它的耳朵肯定有。因此，人们误以为它的耳朵和尾巴都是黑色的。）”以皮卡丘的例子说明曼德拉效应产生的另一个原因可能是人们信息存储的问题，A项“Before we explain let’s look at an example.（在解释之前，让我们看一个例子。）”承上启下，引出下文的例子。故选A项。
【49题详解】
上文“Many people remember Pikachu’s tail having a black tip on the end of it, when in fact it was always yellow…Thus, both his ears and tail are misremembered as having black tips.（许多人都记得皮卡丘的尾巴末端有一个黑色的尖，但实际上它总是黄色的……因此，人们误以为它的耳朵和尾巴都是黑色的。）”说明人们对皮卡丘形象的错误记忆是由于人们对信息的错误处理，C项“If several people make these memory errors, the false memory gets stronger socially.（如果一些人犯了这些记忆错误，错误的记忆就会在社会上变得更强。）”说明为什么很多人会有一个群体的错误记忆，承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题：第50，51题每小题2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
How do our food choices affect the environment?
Producing the foods we eat has massive environmental impacts: it requires vast tracts of land and huge quantities of water. In addition to using land and water, food production results in greenhouse gas emissions—from the fossil fuels burned to run tractors and harvesters, for example, and from the gases released when cow manure decomposes(粪便分解) and from when cows burp and fart(打嗝和放屁). These emissions add up: scientists estimate that food production around the world causes up to 30% of all the greenhouse gases people release to the atmosphere each year.
Raising cows and sheep for meat has an especially large environmental footprint with regards to land use, water use, and greenhouse gas emissions. Because of this, we wanted to find out: Would changing peoples’ diets have a significant environmental effect? And if so, which diets are likely to be healthiest for ourselves and for the planet?
We identified 14 diets that scientists have proposed as being more environmentally sustainable: these included vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian(鱼素者，吃鱼不吃肉的半素食主义者), and replacing red meat with pork and chicken, to name a few.
Overall our review found that reducing meat intake generally resulted in less greenhouse gas emissions, less land use, and less water use. The environmental impact from switching to alternative diets varied greatly across the studies—some found changes of 70% less greenhouse gas emissions and land use, while others found only slight reductions or even increases.
The more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
Being conscious about both the environmental impacts and healthiness of the foods we eat is an important start. For most of us, following healthy guidelines for a balanced diet would go a long way to improving health and environmental sustainability.
50. What impacts does food production have on the environment?
____________________________________________________________
51. In terms of our daily diet, what can we do to reduce environmental impacts?
____________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat.
____________________________________________________________
53. Apart from what has been mentioned in the passage, what can we do to make our life more eco-friendly?
____________________________________________________________
【答案】50. Using land and water and resulting in greenhouse emission.
51. Reducing meat intake.
52. Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat. Because the more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier but not healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
53. We should have the save-energy consciousness and do something that we can, for instance using the bus rather than the car when you go out, re-using the things that can be recycled, reducing the use of plastic bags and so on.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了我们的食物选择为什么会影响环境。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句话“In addition to using land and water, food production results in greenhouse gas emissions—from the fossil fuels burned to run tractors and harvesters, for example, and from the gases released when cow manure decomposes(粪便分解) and from when cows burp and fart(打嗝和放屁). （除了使用土地和水之外，粮食生产还会产生温室气体排放——例如，拖拉机和收割机燃烧的化石燃料、牛粪分解时释放的气体以及奶牛打嗝和放屁时释放的气体）”可知，粮食生产对环境的影响主要包括使用土地和水以及产生温室气体排放。故答案为Using land and water and resulting in greenhouse emission.
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句话“Overall, our review found that reducing meat intake generally resulted in less greenhouse gas emissions, less land use, and less water use.（总的来说，我们的研究发现，减少肉类摄入量通常会减少温室气体排放，减少土地使用和水的使用）”可知，减少肉类摄入量就会减少对环境的影响。故答案为Reducing meat intake.
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段句子“The more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.（由于蔬菜和水果的增加以及红肉和加工肉类消费的减少，更可持续的饮食通常被认为稍微健康一些。）”可知，纯素、素食、鱼素等饮食只是略微健康，而不是更健康。故答案为Diets like vegan, vegetarian, pescatarian and the like are considered more environmentally sustainable and healthier due to the absence of red meat. Because the more sustainable diets were generally considered slightly healthier but not healthier due to increased vegetable and fruit and reduced red and processed meat consumption.
【53题详解】
本题是一道开放题，言之有理即可。该问题主语涉及到在生活中我们能做些什么使我们的生活更环保? 根据生活常识，生活中我们可以做很多事来实现环保行为。例如外出时使用公共汽车而不是汽车，重复使用可以回收的东西，减少使用塑料袋等等。故答案为：We should have the save-energy consciousness and do something that we can, for instance using the bus rather than the car when you go out, re-using the things that can be recycled, reducing the use of plastic bags and so on.
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信询问你校开展体育活动的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 你校开展的体育活动；
2. 你最喜欢的一项运动及理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s pleasure to receive your email asking me about the physical activities of our school and I’d love to share them with you. We have many different kinds of activities, such as playing basketball, football, volleyball, running, going skiing and so on.
As for me, my favorite sport is running, from which I benefit a lot. First, running is good for my health. Second, I, as you may know, am busy preparing for my college entrance examination. Running can make me relaxed some time. Besides, I like the feeling of running around on the playground, enjoying the sunshine and breathing the fresh air.
How about you? I am so curious about your physical activities in Britain. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信询问你校开展体育活动的情况。请你给他回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
快乐：pleasure→joy
各种各样的：many different kinds of→a variety of
此外：besides→in addition
放松的：relaxed→relieved
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We have many different kinds of activities, such as playing basketball, football, volleyball, running, going skiing and so on.
拓展句：We have many different kinds of activities, which include playing basketball, football, volleyball, running, going skiing and so on.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s pleasure to receive your email asking me about the physical activities of our school and I’d love to share them with you. (运用了it作形式主语)
[高分句型2] As for me, my favorite sport is running, from which I benefit a lot. (运用了“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句)
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