所属成套资源:2024年高考数学第一轮复习资料试卷
2024年数学高考大一轮复习第六章 §6.5 数列求和
展开这是一份2024年数学高考大一轮复习第六章 §6.5 数列求和,共7页。
§6.5 数列求和
考试要求 1.熟练掌握等差、等比数列的前n项和公式.2.掌握非等差数列、非等比数列求和的几种常用方法.
知识梳理
数列求和的几种常用方法
1.公式法
直接利用等差数列、等比数列的前n项和公式求和.
(1)等差数列的前n项和公式:
Sn=____________=__________________.
(2)等比数列的前n项和公式:
Sn=
2.分组求和法与并项求和法
(1)分组求和法
若一个数列是由若干个等差数列或等比数列或可求和的数列组成,则求和时可用分组求和法,分别求和后相加减.
(2)并项求和法
一个数列的前n项和中,可两两结合求解,则称之为并项求和.形如an=(-1)nf(n)类型,可采用两项合并求解.
3.错位相减法
如果一个数列的各项是由一个等差数列和一个等比数列的对应项之积构成的,那么这个数列的前n项和即可用此法来求,如等比数列的前n项和公式就是用此法推导的.
4.裂项相消法
把数列的通项拆成两项之差,在求和时中间的一些项可以相互抵消,从而求得其和.
常见的裂项技巧
(1)=-.
(2)=.
(3)=.
(4)=-.
(5)=.
常用结论
常用求和公式
(1)1+2+3+4+…+n=.
(2)1+3+5+7+…+(2n-1)=n2.
(3)12+22+32+…+n2=.
(4)13+23+33+…+n3=2.
思考辨析
判断下列结论是否正确(请在括号中打“√”或“×”)
(1)如果数列{an}为等比数列,且公比不等于1,则其前n项和Sn=.( )
(2)求Sn=a+2a2+3a3+…+nan时,只要把上式等号两边同时乘a即可根据错位相减法求得.( )
(3)已知等差数列{an}的公差为d,则有=. ( )
(4)sin21°+sin22°+sin23°+…+sin288°+sin289°=44.5.( )
教材改编题
1.已知函数f(n)=且an=f(n)+f(n+1),则a1+a2+a3+…+a100等于( )
A.0 B.100 C.-100 D.10 200
2.数列{an}的前n项和为Sn.若an=,则S5等于( )
A.1 B. C. D.
3.Sn=+++…+等于( )
A. B.
C. D.
题型一 分组求和与并项求和
例1 (2023·菏泽模拟)已知数列{an}中,a1=1,它的前n项和Sn满足2Sn+an+1=2n+1-1.
(1)证明:数列为等比数列;
(2)求S1+S2+S3+…+S2n.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
延伸探究 在本例(2)中,如何求S1+S2+S3+…+Sn?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
思维升华 (1)若数列{cn}的通项公式为cn=an±bn,且{an},{bn}为等差或等比数列,可采用分组求和法求数列{cn}的前n项和.
(2)若数列{cn}的通项公式为cn=其中数列{an},{bn}是等比数列或等差数列,可采用分组求和法求{cn}的前n项和.
跟踪训练1 记数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,已知Sn=2an-2n+1.
(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;
(2)记bn=(-1)n·log2,求数列{bn}的前n项和Tn.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
题型二 错位相减法求和
例2 (12分)(2021·全国乙卷)设{an}是首项为1的等比数列,数列{bn}满足bn=.已知a1,3a2,9a3成等差数列.
(1)求{an}和{bn}的通项公式; [切入点:设基本量q]
(2)记Sn和Tn分别为{an}和{bn}的前n项和.证明:Tn<.[关键点:bn=n·n]
思维升华 (1)如果数列{an}是等差数列,{bn}是等比数列,求数列{an·bn}的前n项和时,常采用错位相减法.
(2)错位相减法求和时,应注意:
①在写出“Sn”与“qSn”的表达式时应特别注意将两式“错项对齐”,以便于下一步准确地写出“Sn-qSn”的表达式.
②应用等比数列求和公式时必须注意公比q是否等于1,如果q=1,应用公式Sn=na1.
跟踪训练2 (2021·浙江)已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,a1=-,且4Sn+1=3Sn-9(n∈N*).
(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)设数列{bn}满足3bn+(n-4)an=0(n∈N*),记{bn}的前n项和为Tn.若Tn≤λbn,对任意n∈N*恒成立,求实数λ的取值范围.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
题型三 裂项相消法求和
例3 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)记Sn为数列{an}的前n项和,已知a1=1,是公差为的等差数列.
(1)求{an}的通项公式;
(2)证明:++…+<2.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
思维升华 裂项相消法的原则及规律
(1)裂项原则
一般是前面裂几项,后面就裂几项,直到发现被消去项的规律为止.
(2)消项规律
消项后前面剩几项,后面就剩几项,前面剩第几项,后面就剩倒数第几项.
跟踪训练3 (2022·湛江模拟)已知数列{an}是等比数列,且8a3=a6,a2+a5=36.
(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;
(2)设bn=,求数列{bn}的前n项和Tn,并证明:Tn<.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
相关试卷
这是一份2024年高考数学第一轮复习专题训练第六章 §6.5 数列求和,共5页。
这是一份2024年数学高考大一轮复习第六章 §6.5 数列求和,共3页。试卷主要包含了已知数列{an},定义,给出以下条件等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份2024年数学高考大一轮复习第六章 §6.5 数列求和(一)(附答单独案解析),共2页。