【期中真题】上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语试卷.zip

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复旦大学附属中学2022学年第一学期
高二年级英语期中考试试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(1*20=20分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations. and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A lawyer. D. A friend.
2. A. In a post office. B. On a campus. C. In a hotel. D. At the airport.
3. A. 2,000 yuan. B. 3,200 yuan. C. 1,200 yuan. D. 3,600 yuan.
4. A. Listening to some loud music. B. Testing the earphone.
C. Talking loudly on the phone. D. Preparing for the speech contest.
5. A. Pick up his son from school. B. Meet the woman in her office.
C. Work on a report. D. Prepare dinner for his son.
6. A. The woman will take two more outfits to the reception.
B. There are too many guests in the reception.
C. The woman is more considerate than the man.
D. It is wiser to follow the routine.
7. A. She will not take any medicine. B. She hasn’t got a bad cold.
C. She will take some medicine in a week. D. She will take some medicine at once.
8. A. Trying to draw a map. B. Painting the dining room.
C. Discussing a house plan. D. Cleaning the kitchen.
9. A. He has an ear problem. B. He never listens.
C. He has never missed a meeting. D. He has something important to do.
10. A. The man regrets being absent-minded. B. The woman saved the man some trouble.
C. The man placed the reading list on a desk. D. The woman emptied the waste paper basket.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Art history class is taught in the lecture hall.
B. Mentally disabled children are taught outside the classroom.
C. Professors teach through real-world experiences.
D. Students appreciate classroom learning.
12. A. To praise the professor. B. To support his point of view.
C. To praise his friend. D. To advise us to study psychology.
13. A. Learning through firsthand experience is important.
B. Students learn a lot from textbooks.
C. Students develop their creativity through textbooks.
D. She get firsthand information from textbooks.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following introduction.
14. A. Send alarm if there are drugs inside. B. Show the weight and location.
C. Follow the owner everywhere. D. Avoid obstacles in its path.
15. A. By using its cameras to report the location.
B. By getting connected with GPS devices.
C. By following its owner everywhere closely.
D. By pairing with its owner’s cell phone via Bluetooth.
16. A. Psychologically disabled people. B. People who are old or weak,
C. People returning from a journey. D. People going to the supermarket.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following longer conversation.
17. A. A biologist. B. A psychologist. C. An artist. D. A reporter.
18. A. Talents play a role in children’s overall development.
B. Typical parental involvement is not as important as we thought in children’s intellectual development.
C. Arts training will improve children’s performance in other subjects.
D. Children need to be assigned to different groups according to their ability.
19. A. Its subjects are young children.
B. It shows what skill is essential to math.
C. It illustrates why abstract reasoning is important.
D. Its results help explain why parents turn to arts education.
20. A. By helping activate children’s brain. B. By helping raise educator’s awareness.
C. By helping children learn how to learn. D. By helping scientists find a rich environment.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (1*38=38分)
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1 The groom said his bride-to-be had been _______ to tears on several occasions throughout the day and he had tried to comfort her as best as he could.
A. reduced B. subjected C. tracked D. motivated
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新郎说，她的准新娘在一天中有好几次都哭成泪人，他都尽力安慰她。A. reduced使……陷入（不好的境地）；B. subjected使……顺从；C. tracked追踪，跟踪；D. motivated激励，给……动机。根据句意可知，此处意为“伤心落泪”，表达为be reduced to tears；故选A。
2. She _______ the children with her enthusiasm for music.
A. charged B. responded C. infected D. subjected
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她用她对音乐的热情感染了孩子们。A. charged收费，指控；B. responded回应；C. infected感染；D. subjected顺从。根据句意，infect“感染、影响”符合题意，指用对音乐的热情感染孩子们。故选C。
3. Before Papa left for Fort Smith he arranged for a colored man named Yarnell Poindexter to feed the stock and _______ Mama and us every day.
A. keep track of B. track down C. look in on D. look up to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：在爸爸去史密斯堡之前，他安排了一个叫亚内尔·波因德克斯特的黑人来喂牲口，每天顺便来拜访妈妈和我们。A. keep track of记录、追踪；B. track down追捕、查出；C. look in on顺便拜访；D. look up to尊敬。分析句意可知，此处用短语look in on表示“顺便拜访”妈妈和我们，符合语境。故选C项。
4. There were maybe 60 or 70 people there. _______, the room was packed.
A. At any rate B. On the contrary C. Out of the question D. Out of the blue
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：那里也许有六七十人吧。反正屋子里挤得严严实实。A. At any rate无论如何，反正；B. On the contrary相反；C. Out of the question不可能；D. Out of the blue出乎意料地，突然。根据前后句意可知，此处指“反正屋子里挤得严严实实”。故选A。
5. Obama advisers, _______ the continued focus on the matter, denied they were behind the scheme.
A. benefited from B. benefiting C. benefited D. benefiting from
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：奥巴马的顾问们从对此事的持续关注中获益，他们否认自己是该计划的幕后主使。动词短语benefit from意为“得益于，从……中获益”符合句意；句子结构分析可知设空处在句中为非谓语动词，主语Obama advisers与benefit from之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以设空处用现在分词形式作状语，填benefiting from。故选D。
6. One’s mind, once _______ by a new idea, never regains its original dimensions.
A. stretched B. advanced C. motivated D. inserted
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人的思想一旦被新思想拓展，就永远无法恢复到原来的规模。A. stretched延伸；B. advanced前进；C. motivated激励；D. inserted插入。由“never regains its original dimensions”可知，句子表示“一个人的思想一旦被新思想拓展，就永远无法恢复到原来的规模”，空格处意为“延伸”，故选A。
7. At Saturday’s opening ceremony, many eyes were on Prince Harry, who created the Invictus Games, a sports competition for wounded veterans, but it was the wounded athletes on the field who _______ the spotlight.
A. tracked B. signaled C. commanded D. attracted
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在周六的开幕式上，许多人的目光都集中在哈里王子身上，哈里王子为受伤的退伍军人举办了一场体育比赛“无敌运动会”，但吸引聚光灯的却是赛场上受伤的运动员。A. tracked跟踪，追踪；B. signaled发信号，示意；C. commanded命令；D. attracted吸引。分析语境可知，前文“many eyes were on Prince Harry”提及哈里王子受到关注，“but”构成转折关系，由此可推知，后文“the wounded athletes on the field”提及的受伤的运动员才是焦点，吸引聚光灯。故选D项。
8. How can doctors _______ patients for treatment without examining them first?
A. operate B. arrange C. instruct D. refer
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生怎么能不先检查就把病人转去治疗呢？A. operate操作；B. arrange安排；C. instruct指导；D. refer送交。根据后文“for treatment without examining them first?”可知，此处表达“未检查就送交病人去治疗”之意。故选D项。
9. Though all the performances were _______ and entertaining, the _______ Phantom of the Opera proved to be the fan' favorite.
A. live .... attractive B. lively ... interactive C. live ... representative D. lively ... impressive
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管所有的表演都生动有趣，但令人印象深刻的《歌剧魅影》被证明是粉丝们的最爱。Live为动词，表示“居住”，lively为形容词，表示“生动的”，attractive为形容词，表示“有吸引力的”，interactive为形容词，表示“交互式的，互动式的”，representative形容词，表示“有代表性的”，impressive形容词，白色“印象深刻的”。分析句子可知，第一空与entertaining并列，用形容词作were的表语，表示“生动的”，故用lively；第二空用形容词impressive作定语，表示“印象深刻”，修饰‘Phantom of the Opera’，故选D项。
10. _______ tax reforms were attempted, but until more substantive reforms were implemented between 2002 and 2004 these failed to alter the overall tax structure.
A. Innovative B. Timid C. Revolutionary D. Reducible
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：曾尝试进行过温和的税收改革，但在2002年至2004年实施更实质性的改革之前，这些改革未能改变总体税收结构。A. Innovative革新的；B. Timid胆小的；C. Revolutionary革命的；D. Reducible可以简化的。根据后文“but until more substantive reforms were implemented between 2002 and 2004 these failed to alter the overall tax structure.”可知，前后是转折关系，之前的税收改革不起效，所以改革方式是和“substantive(实质性的)”相对的。由此推知，之前的税收改革是“胆小的”，即是温和的。故选B项。
11. Like the spelling, the punctuation of the received text belongs to the eighteenth century and often appears heavy to modern _______.
A. standard B. measure C. flavour D. taste
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：和拼写一样，收到的文本的标点符号也属于18世纪，而且经常显得很重，不符合现代人的品味。A.standard标准；B. measure措施；C.flavour风味；D.taste品味。根据“the punctuation of the received text belongs to the eighteenth century”可知，此处是指18世纪的标点符号不符合现代人的品味。故选D。
12. Among the most politically progressive authors, a preoccupation with the dark recesses of life _______ this theatre’s disruptive impact.
A. reflected B. triggered C. sharpened D. aroused
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：政治上最进步的作家中，对生活黑暗角落的关注加剧了这个剧院的颠覆性影响。A. reflected反映；B. triggered引起；C. sharpened加剧；D. aroused唤起。分析句意可知，剧院本就会产生影响，“对生活黑暗角落的关注”使这种影响加剧。故选C项。
13. We should proceed with a combination of approaches, including prosecution, notices, naming and _______ and naming and acclaiming, where appropriate.
A. pointing B. shaming C. praising D. complaining
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该采取综合措施，包括酌情起诉、通知、点名批评和点名赞扬。A. pointing指出；B. shaming蒙羞； C. praising表扬；D. complaining抱怨。分析句子且根据句意可知，空处与naming and acclaiming并列，由并列连词and连接，考查固定短语搭配naming and shaming，表示“公开谴责，点名批评”，符合题意。故选B项。
14. We suspect he means to _______ the agreement made three years ago.
A. dishonor B. disable C. disapprove D. dispose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们怀疑他打算不履行三年前达成的协议。A. dishonor不遵守（协议或诺言）；违背； B. disable使残废；使失去能力； C. disapprove不赞成； D. dispose排列；安排。根据空后the agreement，可知此处指他打算不履行协议。故选A。
15. “Dying is easy - it’s living that’s the problem.” “That was very _______ of you, Steven.”
A. sharp B. humorous C. profound D. critical
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“死很容易—活下去才是难题”。“Steven，你（的见解）真深刻。”A. sharp敏锐的，尖锐的；B. humorous幽默的；C. profound深奥的，玄奥的；D. critical爱挑剔的，批判的。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词“profound见解深刻的”作表语。故选C。
16. By numbering the sequence we can follow the reader wandering through the picture and see changes of direction, _______ cross space, and so on.
A. blanks B. leaps C. motions D. advances
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过对序列进行编号，我们可以跟随读者浏览图片，看到方向变化、跨越空间的跳跃等。A. blanks空白处，空格；B. leaps跳跃；C. motions运动，移动；D. advances进步。根据句意和句中“cross space”可知，句中指通过对序列进行编号，我们可以看到跨越空间的跳跃，“leap”意为“跳跃”，名词词性，“leaps”为其复数形式，在句中作宾语。故选B项。
17. She easily _______ every argument he put up.
A. knocked off B. knocked back C. knocked around D. knocked down
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：她轻而易举地驳倒了他提出的每个论点。A. knocked off使减少，使降低；B. knocked back猛饮(尤指酒)；C. knocked around闲逛；D. knocked down反驳，驳倒。根据句意可知，应该是驳倒他提出的观点，knock down意为“反驳，驳倒”，符合句意。故选D。
18. Negotiations have _______ again, and I’m starting to worry that we’ll never reach an agreement for a new contract.
A. died down B. broken down C. turned down D. cut down
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：谈判又破裂了，我开始担心我们永远无法就一份新合同达成一致了。A. died down渐渐消失，平息；B. broken down破裂；C. turned down拒绝；D. cut down消减。根据“and I’m starting to worry that we’ll never reach an agreement for a new contract.”可知，谈判破裂了。故选B。
19. I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, _______ at a proper price but of great use.
A. the one B. that C. which D. one
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查不定代词。句意：我想为我父亲的生日买一件礼物，价格合适但很有用的礼物。用不定代词one指代同类但非同一个，本题泛指a present，是其同位语。故选D项。
20. Of the two _______ I’d like to choose _______ expensive one.
A. handkerchiefs ... a less B. handkerchieves ... a least
C. handkerchiefs ... the less D. handkerchieves ... the least
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查可数名词复数、定冠词和比较级。句意：在这两条手帕中，我想选便宜一点的那一条。可数名词handkerchief，表示“手帕”，其复数形式有两种：handkerchiefs或handkerchieves；根据句意可知，此句涉及两者相比较，需要用“ the + 形容词比较级 + one” ，特指两者中较……的那一个，所以第二空应填the less。故选C项。
21. The most important thing about cotton in history is _______ part that it played in _______ Industrial Revolution.
A. / ... / B. the ... / C. a ... the D. the ... the
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定冠词。句意：历史上关于棉花最重要的事情是它在工业革命中所扮演的角色。part后面被一个定语从句（that it played）修饰，应为特指，故用定冠词the。Industrial Revolution为专有名词，习惯上前面要加定冠词the。故选D。
22. Almost all sorts of fruit are sold by _______ weight. Eggs are sold by _______ dozen.
A. / ... the B. / ... / C. the ... / D. the … the
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：几乎所有的水果都按重量出售，而鸡蛋论打出售。by weight表示“按重量”，此处指“通过某种方式”，不需用定冠词；而dozen属于计量单位，且为单数形式，此处表示“按打出售”，前面需用定冠词the。故选A项
23. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _______ Great Britain.
A. three times the size of B. three times the size as
C. three times as the size of D. three times what the size of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倍数表达。句意：粗略估计，尼日利亚的面积是英国的三倍。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是固定句型倍数表达方式：A+ 谓语+倍数+ the＋n．of+ B ，意思是“A是B的三倍”。故选A项。
24. Quantities of money _______ to the children in need.
A. have donated B. have been donated C. has been donated D. has donated
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：大量的钱被捐赠给需要帮助的孩子们。主语quantities是复数，谓语动词也用复数，且主语与谓语动词donate之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故选B项。
25. The owner and captain discussed it with _______ colleagues.
A. its B. their C. her D. him
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：船长兼船主和她的同事们讨论了这个问题。A. its它的；B. their他们的；C. her她的；D. him他。空处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词colleagues，且the owner and captain 指代的是同一个人，结合语意可知，“她的”符合题意。故选C项。
26. Not only he but also all his family _______ keen on concerts even when Hitler put the world at risk.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：不仅是他，而且他所有的家人都热衷于音乐会，即使是在希特勒把世界置于危险之中的时候。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据从句 “even when Hitler put the world at risk”可知谓语动词应用一般过去时；not only...but also...连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词采取就近一致原则，即谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,由此可知，设空处与all his family保持一致；根据句意可知，句中all his family指“他所有的家人”，谓语动词用复数，所以设空处应填were。故选B。
27. Every boy and girl _______ great interest in extra curriculum activities.
A. is shown B. are shown C. shows D. show
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：每个男孩和女孩都对课外活动很感兴趣。短语：show interest in“对……感兴趣”，句中主语 every boy and girl，boy 和 girl 是相对称的内容，指人的两种性别。前面使用 every 是为了加强语气：不是指有两个人， 而是表示不论男女，每一个“人”。为单数含义，主语和show为主谓关系，所以动词用单三形式。故选C。
28. A Dream of Red Mansions, one of Chinese literature’s most notable works, _______ said to be written by multiple authors - not a collaboration, rather a legitimate sequel adding a noteworthy “finishing touch” to the original installment.
A. are B. have been C. has been D. is
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：《红楼梦》是中国文学史上最著名的作品之一，据说是由多位作者共同创作的——不是合作作品，而是一部正统的续集，为原来部分增添了值得注意的“画龙点睛”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语A Dream of Red Mansions为作品名称，one of Chinese literature’s most notable works为同位语成分，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need.
A. dash B. literally C. complex D. locally E. intangible F. superior
G. array H. crafted I. modified J. launched K. personalized
As pandemic measures persist, vacationing locally remains a main option for holiday
“Tailor-made trips", “staycation” and “cultural tours” have become the buzzwords describing the domestic tourism market during the recent National Day holiday, which ran from Oct 1 through Friday.
On an online platform for travel customization, a user can book a ___29___ itinerary with a click of a button after providing information such as place of departure, destination, travel dates and number of travelers, Xinhua News Agency reported.
“The tour customization specialist who received my order ___30___ a travel plan for me according to my specifications in terms of food, accommodation, transport and recreational activities,” a tourist from the eastern city of Qingdao told Xinhua. “A dedicated driver and guide were assigned to us, and any details could be ___31___ at my request.”
Dai Xuefeng, director of the division for tourism and leisure at the National Academy of Economic Strategy from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Xinhua: “Bespoke holidays are an inevitable result of the development of the tourism industry and of economic growth.”
Vacationing ___32___ remains a main option as COVID-19 precautions continue. In the week leading up to the holiday, on-demand services platform Meituan saw searches for “local tours” and “suburban attractions” surge by 440 percent week-on-week.
Suburban attractions in Beijing, such as Universal Beijing Resort and Beijing Wtown, were among the popular choices for local residents, Xinhua reported.
In the Central China province of Hubei, rural tours, fruit and vegetable picking experiences, and camping trips emerged as the top options. They were expected to take in more than 60 percent of the province’s tourist spending during the holiday week, according to Xinhua.
Zhou Qiao, a resident of Hubei’s Yichang city who vacationed at the local Bailihuang scenic area during the holiday, told Xinhua: “We booked tents in advance and took our family here to experience the wonder of watching the sunrise in the morning and counting the stars in the evening. My children loved the experience very much.”
The wide ___33___ of cultural events and destinations in cities drew huge numbers of urban residents during the holiday week.
Historical architectural ___34___ Sanfang Qixiang, which ___35___ means “three lanes and seven alleys”, in Fuzhou, East China’s Fujian province, entertained tourists with ___36___ cultural heritage-themed talent shows and Yueju Opera performances, among others.
In Shanghai, many museums ___37___ exhibitions, cultural activities, as well as night tours to add a(n) ___38___ of culture to the holiday fun, said China Central Television.
Li Xinjian, a professor at Beijing International Studies University’s School of Tourism Sciences, told Xinhua that the integration of culture and tourism highlights the cultural experiences in tourist trips, and tailor-made tours offer in-depth cultural experiences that large group tours are unable to provide.
【答案】29. K 30. H 31. I 32. D 33. G 34. C 35. B 36. E 37. J 38. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一些具体的例子介绍了现在国内旅游市场正在流行的“定制游”、“居家度假”和“文化游”。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在一个在线旅游定制平台上，用户在提供如出发地点、目的地、旅行日期和游客人数等信息后，只需点击一个按钮就可以预订个性化的行程。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词，作定语修饰“itinerary”；根据“travel customization”及第二段的“according to my specifications”和“at my request”可知，这是根据用户的个人要求定制的有个性化的行程，应用personalized。故选K。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：接到我订单的旅游定制专员根据我的饮食、住宿、交通和娱乐活动的要求为我精心制订了旅行计划。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据句意，应用一般过去时，所以答案应选自H、I、J；由句意可知，这里指“精心制订”旅游计划，应用crafted。故选H。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：一名专门的司机和导游被指派给我们，任何细节都可以根据我的要求修改。分析句子可知，此处应为动词的过去分词形式，与“could be”连用为情态动词的被动语态，结合第2小题，答案应选自I、J；由句意可知，这里指细节可以被“修改”，应用modified。故选I。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：随着COVID-19预防措施的继续，在当地度假仍然是一个主要选择。分析句子可知，此处应用副词，作状语修饰动词“remains”，所以答案应选自B、D；根据句意，应指在“当地”度假，应用locally。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：各种各样的文化活动和城市景点在假期周吸引了大量城市居民。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；短语the array of...意为“一系列、一大批”，符合句意。故选G。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：历史建筑群三坊七巷，字面意思是“三片坊七条巷”。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；根据句意，这里指“建筑群”，应用complex。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：历史建筑群三坊七巷，字面意思是“三片坊七条巷”，位于中国东部福建省福州市，以非物质文化遗产为主题的才艺表演和越剧表演等娱乐游客。分析句子可知，此处应为副词，作状语修饰动词“means”，所以答案应选自B、D；根据句意并结合第4小题，这里指“字面”上的意思，应用literally。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：历史建筑群三坊七巷，字面意思是“三片坊七条巷”，位于中国东部福建省福州市，以非物质文化遗产为主题的才艺表演和越剧表演等娱乐游客。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词短语“cultural heritage”；固定短语intangible cultural heritage意为“非物质文化遗产”，符合句意。故选E。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：据中央电视台报道，在上海，许多博物馆推出了展览、文化活动以及夜游活动，为节日增添了一点文化乐趣。分析句子可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，所以答案应选自H、I、J；根据句意并结合第2、3小题，这里指“推出、发起”活动，应用launched。故选J。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：据中央电视台报道，在上海，许多博物馆推出了展览、文化活动以及夜游活动，为节日增添了一点文化乐趣。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；固定短语a dash of意为“一点儿、少许”，符合句意。故选A。
III. Reading Comprehension (1*15+2*15=45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Peek through the inspection windows of the nearly 100 three-dimensional (3D) printers quietly making things at RedEye, a company based in Minnesota, and you can catch a glimpse of how factories will work in the future. It is not simply that the machines run day and night ___39___ by just a handful of technicians. ___40___ it is what they are making that shows how the revolutionary production process is ___41___ the manufacturing mainstream.
3D printers make things by building them up, a layer at a time, from a particular material, rather than ___42___ it by cutting, drilling or machining—which is why the process is also called additive manufacturing. There are many ways in which this can be done, and with only a ___43___ adjustment of software each item can be different, without the need for costly retooling of machines. This has made 3D printing a(n) ___44___ way to make one-off items, especially prototype parts, mock-ups, small mechanical devices and craft items.
And that is about all that 3D printers are good for, ___45___ the doubters. Chief among them is Terry Gou, the boss of Foxconn. He thinks 3D printing is just “a trick” without any ___46___ value in the manufacture of real finished goods, and he has vowed to start spelling his name backwards if ___47___ wrong.
Mr. Gou is right about one thing: additive manufacturing is not about to replace mass manufacturing. ____48____ the technology is improving, the finish and durability of some printed items can still ____49____ what producers require. And nor can 3D printers produce millions of ____50____ parts at low cost, as mass-production lines can. ____51____, 3D printers have their virtues, which is why they are starting to be used by some of the world’s biggest manufacturers, such as Airbus, Boeing, GE, Ford and Siemens.
The market for 3D printers and ____52____ is small, but growing fast. Last year it was worth $2.2 billion worldwide, up 29% from 2011. As producers become more ____53____ with the technology, they are moving from prototype to final products.
39. A. designed B. attended C. introduced D. maintained
40 A. Likewise B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Instead
41. A. entering B. conveying C. transferring D. adjusting
42. A. erasing B. removing C. resolving D. eliminating
43. A. delicate B. fine C. sophisticated D. surprising
44. A. popular B. eminent C. unique D. regular
45. A. imply B. predict C. prescribe D. reckon
46. A. further B. commercial C. practical D. scientific
47. A. proved B. supposed C. considered D. described
48. A. Even though B. Now that C. If only D. Provided that
49. A. advance with B. lag behind C. fall short of D. cater for
50. A. exact B. identical C. similar D. necessary
51. A. Then B. Also C. Otherwise D. Nevertheless
52. A. reserves B. promotions C. services D. sales
53. A. agreeable B. identical C. understandable D. familiar
【答案】39. B 40. D 41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. C 53. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是3D打印机的发展情况，虽然3D打印机的炒作有很多，也有人在质疑它的商业价值，但是3D打印机很快与主流制造业结合在一起。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这里说的不单单是这些夜以继日地运行着的机器以及区区几个管理它们的技术员。A. designed设计；B. attended照顾；C. introduced介绍，引进；D. maintained保持，维护。根据上文中的“run day and night”以及下文中的“…by just a handful of technicians”可知，这些运行的机器需要技术员们照顾。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：而是说这些机器正在制造的产品揭示了革命性的生产过程如何一步步进入制造业主流之中的。A. Likewise同样地；B. Furthermore而且；C. Therefore因此；D. Instead反而。根据句意理解，上文中的“It is not simply that the machines run…”与空后的 “it is what they are making that shows…”表示转折关系。故选D项。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：而是说这些机器正在制造的产品揭示了革命性的生产过程如何一步步进入制造业主流之中的。A. entering进入；B. conveying传达；C. transferring转移；D. adjusting调整。根据空前的“the revolutionary production process”和空后的“the manufacturing mainstream”意思理解可知，此处表示的是革命性的生产过程进入到制造业主流中。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：3D打印机是采用特定的材料，一次一层地逐层累加将物品生产出来的，而不是通过切割、钻削或机加工逐步往下削减生产——这也是该工艺还被称做增材制造的原因。A. erasing擦除；B. removing清除；C. resolving解决；D. eliminating根除。根据下文中的“by cutting, drilling or machining”可知，此处是通过切割，钻削等去除一些东西，来进行产品生产。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有很多方法可以做到这一点，只需对软件进行微调，每个项目都可以不同，而无需昂贵的机器重新加工。A. delicate精美的；B. fine细微的，好的；C. sophisticated老练的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据下文的“each item can be different, without the need for costly retooling of machines”可知，无需昂贵的机器重新加工，让每个项目都可以不同，需要对软件进行微调才能达到，fine表示“细微的”。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得3D打印成为制造一次性物品的流行方式，尤其是原型零件，模型，小型机械设备和工艺品。A. popular流行的；B. eminent卓越的；C. unique独特的；D. regular定期的。根据上文中对3D打印机的优点介绍，尤其是“without the need for costly retooling of machines”可知，此处说明的是3D打印机受欢迎的原因。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：3D打印机也就能做好这么多事了，怀疑者认为。A. imply暗示；B. predict预测；C. prescribe开处方；D. reckon认为。根据第二段讲“3D打印机的优点”可知，本处怀疑者认为3D打印机也只能做好这么多事了。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他认为3D打印只是制造真正成品的“一个把戏”，没有任何商业价值，他发誓，如果被证明是错误的，他将开始倒着写他的名字。A. further进一步的；B. commercial商业的；C. practical实用的；D. scientific科学的。根据上文的“He thinks 3D printing is just “a trick””可知，富士康老板认为3D打印只是“一个把戏”，说明他不看好此技术，认为这项技术没有商业价值，与最后一段中的“Last year it was worth $2.2 billion worldwide, up 29% from 2011.”形成鲜明对比。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他认为3D打印只是制造真正成品的“一个把戏”，没有任何商业价值，他发誓，如果被证明是错误的，他将开始倒着写他的名字。A. proved证明；B. supposed假设；C. considered考虑；D. described描述。根据上文中的“he has vowed to start spelling his name backwards…”可知，只有证实他对3D打印机的观点是错误的，他才会倒着写自己的名字。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管技术正在改进，但一些印刷品的光洁度和耐用性仍然不能满足生产商的要求。A. Even though即使；B. Now that既然；C. If only只要；D. Provided that如果。根据本句上下文之间的关系可知，此处表示的是让步关系。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管技术正在改进，但一些印刷品的光洁度和耐用性仍然不能满足生产商的要求。A. advance with与……共同前进；B. lag behind落后，拖欠；C. fall short of达不到；D. cater for迎合。根据上文“10 the technology is improving”与该空的让步关系可以推断，即使技术改进了，也达不到生产商的需求，呼应下文“And nor can 3D printers produce millions of...”讲3D打印机的缺点。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：3D打印机也不能像大规模生产线那样以低成本生产数百万个相同的零件。A. exact准确的；B. identical同样的；C. similar相似的；D. necessary必要的。根据上文的“And nor can 3D printers produce millions of…”可知，此处强调的是3D 打印机低成本生产出上百万件一样的产品不太可能，符合语境。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，3D打印机有其优点，这就是为什么它们开始被一些世界上最大的制造商使用，如空中客车，波音，通用电气，福特和西门子。A. Then然后；B. Also也。C. Otherwise否则，要不然。D. Nevertheless然而。分析上文讲“3D打印机的缺点”与空后的逻辑关系可知，空后讲述的是3D打印机的优点，为转折关系。故选D项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：3D打印机和服务市场很小，但增长迅速。A. reserves保护区；B. promotions升职，促销；C. services服务；D. sales销售。根据上文的“they are starting to be used by some of the world’s biggest manufacturers, such as Airbus, Boeing, GE, Ford and Siemens.(它们开始被一些世界上最大的制造商使用，如空中客车，波音，通用电气，福特和西门子)”和and可知，此处表述的内容与前面的内容为并列关系，结合语境可知，此处为3D打印机和它的服务市场。故选C项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着生产商越来越熟悉这项技术，他们正在从原型件向最终产品转变。A. agreeable愉悦的；B. identical同样的；C. understandable可以理解的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文中的“they are moving from prototype to final products.”可知，产品能从原型件向最终产品转变，说明人们对3D打印机越来越熟悉。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom.
I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar,assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession.
Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.
54. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph Two most probably mean?
A. Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author.
B. The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.
C. Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author.
D. The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were all about.
55. Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently?
A. Stepping on the American soil for the first time.
B. Her mother’s miserable death.
C. Being exposed to Greek literary works.
D Following the prettiest girl in his class.
56. It can be inferred from Paragraph Four that _______.
A. Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation
B. Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style
C. The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired
D. Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students
57. The passage is mainly concerned with _______.
A. how the author became a journalist B. the importance of inspiration in one’s life
C. the teacher who shaped the author’s life D. factors contributing to a successful career
【答案】54. D 55. C 56. D 57. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了决定作者人生轨迹一位名叫玛乔丽·赫德的学校教师的教学故事。
【54题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.””(我刚到不久，就被告知要在“俱乐部时间”里选择一项爱好。)和第三句中的“but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class”(但我决定追随我们班最漂亮的女孩)可知，此处是指作者不了解业余爱好和俱乐部是什么。故选D。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins.”(她向我介绍了希腊的文学财富，让我对饱受战争摧残的祖国有了新的认识，让我为自己的出身感到自豪。)可知，接触希腊文学作品使作者对自己的祖国有了不同的看法。故选C。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.”(这些学生主要来自最困难的家庭，但她用自己特有的严厉的爱，时而对他们严苛，时而让他们着迷，直到火花燃起。)可知，赫德小姐用一种独特的方法来应对这些学生。故选D。
【57题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd.”(决定我人生轨迹的人是一位名叫玛乔丽·赫德的学校教师。)和最后一段“Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.”(是赫德小姐把我的悲伤和痛苦引导到写作中去的。如果不是赫德小姐，我不会成为一名记者。她是我进入新闻行业的催化剂，也间接促成了后来所有的好事。)可知，这篇文章主要是关于塑造了作者一生的老师。故选C。
(B)
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58. To have a Stannah stairlift installed, one needs to _________.
A. remodel one’s living room B. schedule an in-home assessment
C. ensure constant power supply D. order a special stairway
59. Jenny may use the Coupon（优惠券）to save some money only if she_________.
A. rents the model advertised on Boston Globe
B. pays for the Stannah model which is on sale
C. purchases one brand new Stannah stairlift
D. publishes post-sale reviews on Trust-pilot
60. Which statement is TRUE about Stannah stair-lift mentioned in the advertisement?
A. It promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently.
B. It can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure.
C. It provides fast and free repair services by professional technicians.
D. It offers an alternative to old people who don't want to be relocated.
【答案】58. B 59. C 60. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是斯坦纳家用座椅电梯的广告。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第五行“Call today to schedule your in-home stairs assessment
”可知，今天打电话来安排你的家庭楼梯评估，由此可知，要安装斯坦纳座椅电梯，需要安排一次住房评估，故B项正确。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据圆形图表中的“when purchased from Stannah”及“Only one discount per purchase”可知,珍妮只有在购买一个全新的斯坦纳座椅电梯时才可以使用优惠券享受一折的优惠省下一些钱，故C项正确。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据圆形图表下的段落最后一句话“Stannah stair-lifts are an exceptional choice for those desiring lo age gracefully at home.”可知，对于那些想要在家里优雅地老去的人来说，斯坦纳座椅电梯是一个特别的选择，也就是说，它为那些不愿搬迁的老人提供了一种选择，故D项正确。
(C)
Artificial intelligence or AI is called artificial for a good reason. Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.
It announced on Jan.19 that the Facebook community will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness. “This reader feedback will promote high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground in a world with so much division”, said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.
The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries. The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys. Like many digital platforms that act as news providers, Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust, fairness and honesty. Even in respected newsrooms, however, these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers. Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.
Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news, Facebook now hopes its “diverse and representative” sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed. The company may be in the news business, but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth, Facebook could earn greater trust from its users. This is also a lesson for many companies especially digital platforms or those in the media business.
According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm, “media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time more so than other businesses or government”. “In particular, the US is enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust among many of. its institutions”, says Richard Edelman, president and CEO of Edelman. “The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse”, he adds. Facebook’s shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news. This is not a new problem. “Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper”, wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807. Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers. By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem, Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
61. According to Paragraph 4, Facebook hopes to _______.
A. measure the objectivity of news feed on its own
B. improve its ability to tell truth from falsehood
C. shed off the responsibility of a news provider
D. entrust news credibility to its massive users
62. In the last paragraph, Thomas Jefferson’s words are cited to indicate _______.
A. the poor quality of newspapers nowadays
B. the long-standing trust issue in news businesses
C. the problems arising from Facebook’s shift
D. the issue of trust in the Digital Age
63. The author holds that Facebook’s shift is _______.
A. a lesson for news providers on filtering news
B. the cause of the trust crisis across business of news
C. a step toward restoring user’s trust in news business
D. the result of lacking objective facts and rational discourse
64. To which of the following would Mark Zuckerberg most probably agree?
A. Common grounds among users are the sources of high-quality news.
B. Programmed electrons can make good judgment on news quality.
C. Computers cannot replace human beings in news selection.
D. Reader feedback is not needed in respected newsrooms.
【答案】61. D 62. B 63. C 64. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Facebook将新闻可信度托付给广大用户，通过用户反馈对新闻媒体进行排名，从而提高新闻的客观性。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news, Facebook now hopes its “diverse and representative” sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed. The company may be in the news business, but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.”（Facebook现在希望其“多样化和具有代表性”的用户抽样能够对新闻媒体进行排名，从而在其新闻提要中体现客观性，而不是成为一个实际的新闻守门人。该公司可能从事新闻业务，但它选择将新闻可信度外包给个人的集体智慧和辨别真假的能力。）可知，Facebook决定将新闻可信度托付给个人的集体智慧和辨别真假的能力，由此可知，根据第4段，Facebook希望将新闻可信度托付给广大用户。故选D项。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm, “media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time more so than other businesses or government”.(根据爱德曼传播公司关于全球机构信任度的最新调查，“媒体首次超过其他企业或政府，成为最不受信任的机构”)”和““Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper”, wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.”（托马斯·杰斐逊在1807年写道：“现在报纸上看到的一切都无法相信。”）可知，托马斯·杰斐逊在1807年就表明报纸上看到的一切都无法相信，由此可推断出，在最后一段中，引用托马斯·杰斐逊的话表示新闻业中长期存在信任问题。故选B项。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem, Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.”（通过邀请读者参与解决这个问题，Facebook 自身树立了赢得信任的新标杆。）可知，作者认为通过邀请读者参与解决信任问题，Facebook树立了赢得信任的新标杆，这有利于恢复用户对新闻业务的信任，由此可推断出，作者认为Facebook的转变是恢复用户对新闻业务信任的一步。故选C项。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Like many digital platforms that act as news providers, Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust, fairness and honesty. Even in respected newsrooms, however, these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers. Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.”（与许多充当新闻提供者的数字平台一样，Facebook坚信计算机服务器中的编程电子可以辨别出信任、公平和诚实等思想品质。然而，即使是在受人尊敬的新闻编辑室，这些品质特征也需要记者不断维护，并需要付费客户的反馈。对新闻的良好判断依赖于超越机器能力的意识逻辑。）可知，Facebook坚信在新闻选择方面，对新闻的良好判断依赖于超越机器能力的意识逻辑，需要记者不断维护，并需要付费客户的反馈，仅凭计算机是无法做到的，由此可推断出，马克·扎克伯格最可能认为在新闻选择方面，计算机无法取代人类。故选C项。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need.
About 2,400 years ago in Athens a man was put to death for asking too many questions. There were philosophers before him, but it was with Socrates that the subject really took off. ___65___.
Snub-nosed, podgy, shabby and a bit strange, Socrates did not fit in. Although physically ugly and often unwashed, he had great charisma and a brilliant mind. Everyone in Athens agreed that there had never been anyone quite like him and probably wouldn’t be again. He was unique. But he was also extremely annoying. He saw himself as one of those horseflies that have a nasty bite—a gadfly. ___66___. Not everyone in Athens agreed, though. Some loved him; others thought him a dangerous influence.
As a young man he had been a brave soldier fighting in the Peloponnesian War against the Spartans and their allies. In middle age he shuffled around the marketplace, stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions. ___67___. But the questions he asked were razor-sharp. They seemed straightforward; but they weren’t.
An example of this was his conversation with Euthydemus. Socrates asked him whether being deceitful counted as being immoral. Of course it does, Euthydemus replied. He thought that was obvious. But what, Socrates asked, if your friend is feeling very low and might kill himself, and you steal his knife? Isn’t that a deceitful act? Of course it is. But isn’t it moral rather than immoral to do that? It’s a good thing, not a bad one—despite being a deceitful act. Yes, said Euthydemus, who by now is tied in knots. Socrates by using a clever counter-example has shown that Euthydemus’ general comment that being deceitful is immoral doesn’t apply in every situation. Euthydemus hadn’t realized this before.
Over and over again Socrates demonstrated that the people he met in the marketplace didn’t really know what they thought they knew. A military commander would begin a conversation totally confident that he knew what “courage” meant, but after 20 minutes in Socrates’ company would leave completely confused. The experience must have been disconcerting. Socrates loved to reveal the limits of what people genuinely understood, and to question the assumptions on which they built their lives. ___68___. Far better that than to carry on believing that you understood something when you didn’t.
A. That was more or less all he did.
B. What made Socrates so wise was that he kept asking questions and he was always willing to debate his ideas.
C. They are irritating, but don’t do serious harm.
D. If philosophy has a patron saint, it is Socrates.
E. It meant understanding the true nature of our existence, including the limits of what we can know.
F. A conversation that ended in everyone realizing how little they knew was for him a success.
【答案】65. D 66. C 67. A 68. F
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了苏格拉底通过不断地争论、质疑及寻求来展现真正的智慧。
【65题详解】
空前“There were philosophers before him, but it was with Socrates that the subject really took off.(在他之前有哲学家，但这门学科真正腾飞的是苏格拉底)”表明苏格拉底让哲学这门学科开始腾飞；D选项“If philosophy has a patron saint, it is Socrates.(如果哲学有一位守护神，那就是苏格拉底)”与前文语境一致，表明苏格拉底在哲学上的重要地位。故选D项。
【66题详解】
空前“But he was also extremely annoying. He saw himself as one of those horseflies that have a nasty bite—a gadfly.(但他也非常烦人。他认为自己是那种咬人很厉害的马蝇——牛虻)”可知，苏格拉底也让人很厌烦，空后“Not everyone in Athens agreed, though.(不过，并非所有雅典人都同意这一观点)”表示并非所有雅典人都认为苏格拉底很惹人厌烦；C选项“They are irritating, but don’t do serious harm.(它们令人恼火，但不会造成严重伤害)”中They指代前文的gadfly来比作苏格拉底虽然让人讨厌，却没有严重的伤害，且irritating与上文的annoying相呼应，本句与下文表示转折的内容进行呼应。故选C项。
【67题详解】
空前描述苏格拉底的生平，“As a young man he had been a brave soldier fighting in the Peloponnesian War against the Spartans and their allies.(年轻时，他曾在伯罗奔尼撒战争中英勇作战，抗击斯巴达人和他们的盟友)”表明年轻时参与战争，“In middle age he shuffled around the marketplace, stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions.(中年时，他在市场上走来走去，不时地拦住人们，问他们一些尴尬的问题)”表示中年时提出质疑和询问；A选项“That was more or less all he did.(这差不多就是他所做的一切)”对前文进行总结。故选A项。
【68题详解】
空前“A military commander would begin a conversation totally confident that he knew what “courage” meant, but after 20 minutes in Socrates’ company would leave completely confused. The experience must have been disconcerting. Socrates loved to reveal the limits of what people genuinely understood, and to question the assumptions on which they built their lives.(一位军事指挥官开始谈话时会完全相信自己知道“勇气”是什么意思，但在苏格拉底的陪伴下20分钟后，他会完全不知所措。这段经历一定令人不安。苏格拉底喜欢揭示人们真正理解的局限，并质疑人们赖以生存的假设)”表明苏格拉底喜欢通过对话质疑别人的理解和假设；F选项“A conversation that ended in everyone realizing how little they knew was for him a success.(对他来说，谈话结束时，每个人都意识到他们所知甚少，这是一种成功)”表明苏格拉底通过与对方谈话而达成的目的；空后“Far better that than to carry on believing that you understood something when you didn’t.(这比在你不懂的时候继续相信你懂了要好得多)”描述谈话的目的是为了让对方了解自己知识的局限性，与前文语境相符。故选F项。
IV. Productive Grammar (1*10=10分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A good night’s sleep is more important to your health than you may realize. Megan Jones knew she was tired. Though it had been more than 24 hours since the 25-year-old Vancouverite returned from New Zealand. She ___69___ (still recover) from jet lag. Jones had left New Zealand on Thursday at 7a.m., and after a 17-hour flight she arrived in Vancouver at 7:25—Thursday morning. She forced herself to stay awake all day, hoping to force her body into sleeping through the night.
But getting the sleep she needed ___70___ (not prove) easy, even though she hadn’t slept in nearly 36 hours. “I barely slept that night,” Jones says. The time change ___71___ (disrupt) her sleep pattern, and she wasn’t rested when she woke at her usual 8 a.m.
Jones wasn’t aware just how tired she was until two hours later ___72___ she set off or the grocery store—driving into the lane of oncoming traffic. “Suddenly I knew ___73___ wasn’t right,” she says. “I wasn’t in New Zealand anymore. I was in Canada—driving on the wrong side of the road.” Luckily she was able to pull back into the right lane without incident. “There’s no question ___74___ not getting enough sleep can lead to difficulty in concentrating, says Dr. Jeffery Lipsitz, medical director for the Sleep Disorders Center of Metropolitan Toronto.
Studies have suggested that getting a good night’s sleep means waking up ___75___ (rest). On average, a healthy adult requires just over eight hours of sleep a night, according to Lipsitz. However, the amount of sleep it takes to achieve rejuvenation varies from person to person. “It’s not a fixed number,” says Joseph DeKoninck, professor of psychology at the University of Ottawa, adding that ___76___ you consistently get less than you need, “a sleep deficit accumulates.” According to studies from Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, at least one third of adults have significant sleep loss. A recent AC Nielson Poll shows that 19%of American adults get six hours or less a night.
Why are we so sleep deprived? “We’re so busy that we often don’t allow enough time for sleep,” says Dr. S.R. Dong of the Westcoast Sleep and Breathing Centre in Burnaby, B.C., who believes lifestyle is the main factor contributing to lack of sleep. According to ___77___ (recent) General Social Survey done by Statistics Canada, 47%of Canadians ___78___ cut back on sleep in order to add time to their days. Whether it’s rushing to get the housework done once the kids have gone to bed, attending a social function or working late, we’re sleeping less than we should. The same survey reveals that 40% of Canadians report trouble sleeping when they’re severely pressed for time.
【答案】69. was still recovering
70. didn’t prove
71. had disrupted
72. when 73. something
74. that 75. rested 76. if
77. the most recent
78. will
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了好的睡眠对于健康的重要性。
【69题详解】
考查时态。句意：她仍在从时差中恢复过来。本文整体的行文特点是采用了一般过去时，且在此处表示“正在恢复”的含义，应用过去进行时，由于主语是she，故填was still recovering。
【70题详解】
考查时态。句意：但事实证明，获得她需要的睡眠并不容易，即使她已经将近36小时没有睡觉了。本文整体的行为特点是采用了一般过去式，且根本句的needed和hadn’t sleep可知，应用过去进行时，prove是实义动词，应用didn’t来帮助构成否定，故填didn’t prove。
【71题详解】
考查时态。句意：时间的变化打乱了她的睡眠模式，当她像往常早上8点醒来时，她没有休息好。本文整体的行文特点是采用了一般过去时，此处填的是本句的谓语动词，但是发生在从句醒来之前，所以应是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填had disrupted。
【72题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：琼斯直到两个小时后才意识到她有多累，当她出发或杂货店 -—开车进入迎面而来的车道时。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词为表示时间的“two hours later”，且在从句中作为状语，故填when。
【73题详解】
考查代词。句意：“突然间，我知道有些不对劲，”她说。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个省略that的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，可以用代词，且此处缺少“某些事儿，一些事儿”之意，故填something。
【74题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：“毫无疑问，睡眠不足会导致注意力不集中，”多伦多大都会睡眠障碍中心的医学主任Jeffery Lipsitz博士说。横线往后的内容是对于question内容的解释说明，横线处所填的连接词，在从句中不充当任何的成分，只起连接的作用，故填that。
【75题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，晚上睡个好觉意味着醒来时休息好。此处应用非谓语动词作为定语修饰名词短语weaking up，且表示“休息好的”，故填rested。
【76题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：“这不是一个固定的数字，”渥太华大学(University of Ottawa)心理学教授约瑟夫·德科宁克(Joseph DeKoninck)说。他补充说，如果你总是睡得比你需要的少，“睡眠不足就会累积起来。”分析句子结构可，此句子是一个条件状语从句，前一句you consistently get sleep than you need是后一句的条件，故填if。
【77题详解】
考查形容词。句意：根据加拿大统计局最近进行的综合社会调查，47%的加拿大人会减少睡眠时间，以增加他们的日常时间。分析句子结构可知，此处是形容词作为定语修饰名词General Social Study，且表示“最新的”，应用最高级，故填the most recent。
【78题详解】
考查时态。句意：根据加拿大统计局最近进行的综合社会调查，47%的加拿大人会减少睡眠时间，以增加他们的日常时间。根据句意可知，此句子应该用一般将来时，此处缺少表示“将要”含义单词，可用 will与cut构成一般将来时，故填will。
V. Translation (3+4+51+5=17分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
79. 在众人面前辱骂别人是对他人的羞辱，但有时过分的溢美之词也会让人不好意思。(embarrass)(汉译英)
【答案】Calling someone names in front of others is humiliating, but sometimes excessive praise can be embarrassing.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、介词短语、时态、形容词、非谓语动词、连词。表示“在……面前”为介词短语in front of；表示“辱骂”为 固定短语call sb. names，作主语时需要把call变为动名词的形式，即calling；动名词短语做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，且综合句意，为陈述客观事实，故谓语动词用is即可；表示“羞辱性的”、“使人蒙受耻辱的”为形容词humiliating；前后文为转折，用转折连词but；表示“过分的”为形容词excessive；表示“让人不好意思的”为提示词动词embarrass的形容词形式embarrassing。故翻译为Calling someone names in front of others is humiliating, but sometimes excessive praise can be embarrassing.
80. 在工作和生活的平衡方面，你必须想办法让自己每天生活作息正常并坚持有规律的锻炼，如此可以避免筋疲力尽并更好地工作。(track) (汉译英)
【答案】In terms of work-life balance, you have to find ways to get your daily routine on track and exercise regularly so you can avoid burnout and function better.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、副词、动词时态。结合句意可知，题干为陈述一个客观的建议，故用一般现在时即可；表示“在……方面”、“就……而言”为短语in terms of，位于句首要大写字母“I”；表示客观上的“必须”为have to；表示“想办法”为find ways to do sth.；表示“生活作息”为daily routine；表示“有规律的锻炼”为副词修饰动词，副词放动词后面，为exercise regularly；表示“正常”为短语on track；表示“筋疲力尽”为名词burnout；表示“更好地工作”同样为副词修饰动词，副词放动词后面，即function better。故翻译为In terms of work-life balance, you have to find ways to get your daily routine on track and exercise regularly so you can avoid burnout and function better.
81. 现在随着太阳能的价格下降、分散发电即将大范围推广，能效即将大大提高，新能源时代的黎明即将到来。(独立主格，corner, point) (汉译英)
【答案】Now, with the prices of solar power going down and distributed generation and energy efficiency on the point of taking off, the dawn of a new energy era is just around the corner.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和with的复合结构。“随着……”使用with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，分析句子可知，此处with后是两个并列的复合结构，“太阳能的价格”译为the prices of solar power，作介词with的宾语，“下降”使用动词短语go down，和宾语之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语；“分散发电”译为distributed generation，“能效”译为energy efficiency，两个名词短语是并列关系，用and连接作第二个复合结构的宾语，“即将”使用介词短语on the point of doing sth，作宾语补足语，“推广、提高”使用动词短语take off，用动名词形式；“新能源时代的黎明”译为the dawn of a new energy era，“即将到来”使用固定短语be around the corner，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语dawn是不可数名词，be动词用is，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Now, with the prices of solar power going down and distributed generation and energy efficiency on the point of taking off, the dawn of a new energy era is just around the corner.

82. 人工智能已经深入到我们生活的方方面面，但它还未能发现数据模式之外的美或意义，也无法唤起人类真正的情感反应，这些都是人工智能创新的巨大盲区。(where) (汉译英)
【答案】AI has penetrated into all aspects of our lives, but it has not yet found the beauty or significance beyond the data model, nor can it arouse the real emotional response of human beings，which is where the huge blind spots of AI innovation lie.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词和从句。根据句意可知，本句时态应用现在范畴时态。表示“人工智能已经深入到我们生活的方方面面”应用句子AI has penetrated into all aspects of our lives，时态应用现在完成时；表示“但它还未能发现数据模式之外的美或意义”应用句子but it has not yet found the beauty or significance beyond the data model；表示“也无法唤起人类真正的情感反应”应用句子nor can it arouse the real emotional response of human beings；表示“这些都是人工智能创新的巨大盲区”应用句子which is where the huge blind spots of AI innovation lie，其中运用了非限制性定语从句和表语从句。故翻译为AI has penetrated into all aspects of our lives, but it has not yet found the beauty or significance beyond the data model, nor can it arouse the real emotional response of human beings，which is where the huge blind spots of AI innovation lie。
VI. Writing (20分)
83. Directions: Read the information below and write a composition of 120-150 words to voice your opinion on the issue. Cite your PERSONAL EXPERIENCE as evidence supportive of your statement.
In the 21st century, e-learning has become as widespread as the classroom. Both free, as well as paid, online curricula are available in nearly every subject. During the Covid-19 pandemic, high schools and colleges quickly moved to e-learning. Some people say e-learning will take the place of classroom learning in the near future. What do you think of the phenomenon?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
In the context of the novel coronavirus epidemic, e-learning has become a hot word this year. The popularity of e-learning has been extended from universities, middle schools, primary schools to kindergartens. Therefore, many people believe that e-learning will replace in-person lectures. They think e-learning can ensure the students’ learning progress so that students will not delay the study because of the epidemic. Secondly, e-learning is not limited by time and space, and the online courses can be watched repeatedly.
Although e-learning have advantages, in my opinion, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. First of all, the learning atmosphere of online classroom is insufficient. Teachers can’t make classroom inspections, and students can’t have group discussions. For example, when the teacher asked a question, I pressed the pause button to think about the answer and then listened to the teacher, only to find that I couldn’t follow the pace. Secondly, electronic products do great harm to the eyes. It is easy to get tired and even myopic when facing mobile phones, computers and other electronic products for a long time. Finally, e-learning deprives us of social interaction during the break. As soon as one class ends, another begins. Without the break time, we could not see the play between classmates, hear the gossip news, and experience the joy of buying snacks together.
To sum up, I believe that online courses cannot replace real classes and campuses. I hope the epidemic will end soon and we can go back to school.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生以网课为话题展开讨论，讲述自己对于网课的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
取代：replace→take the place of
确保/保证：ensure→guarantee
不充足：insufficient→deficient
对……有害：do harm to→be bad for
剥夺/阻止：deprive sb. of→prevent sb. from/keep sb. from
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The popularity of e-learning has been extended from universities, middle schools, primary schools to kindergartens. Therefore, many people believe that e-learning will replace in-person lectures.
拓展句：The popularity of e-learning has been extended from universities, middle schools, primary schools to kindergartens so that many people believe that e-learning will replace in-person lectures.
【点睛】【高分句型1】They think e-learning can ensure the students’ learning progress so that students will not delay the study because of the epidemic.（so that引导结果状语从句）
【高分句型2】For example, when the teacher asked a question, I pressed the pause button to think about the answer and then listened to the teacher, only to find that I couldn’t follow the pace.（that引导宾语从句）