人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration集体备课课件ppt

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration集体备课课件ppt，共34页。PPT课件主要包含了Homework等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Lk at the fllwing sentences and fcus n the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functins and meanings.
1. Scientists wrk hard t find answers. 2. They make vehicles t carry brave peple int space t find ut the secrets f the universe. 3. Hwever, sme scientists were determined t help humans realise their dream t explre space. 4. Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t g int space. 5. America’s NASA space agency launched Vyager 1 n 5 September 1977 t study deep space. 6. These disasters made everyne sad and disappinted, but the desire t explre the universe never died.
7. China became the third cuntry in the wrld t independently send humans int space in 2003. 8. This signalled ne step further in China’s plan t establish a space statin in the future. 9. Mre recently, China has sent Chang’e 4 t explre the surface f the far side f the mn t make measurements and bservatins. 10. Eurpe, the US, and China all have plans t further study and explre planets like Mars and Jupiter. 11. Despite the difficulties, scientists hpe future discveries will nt nly enable us t understand hw the universe began, but als help us survive well int the future.
动词不定式的时态和语态
Infinitive as attribute:
表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行
t have been dne
t have been ding
1. We must find a persn t d the wrk.2. There are lts f interesting things t see. 3. They gt the rder t leave the city.
动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。 动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。
一、不定式作定语的位置和关系
Infinitive as attribute
1. She is the first t admit that much f his success is due t his gd lks.2. Tm is the nly student t g t Shanghai in his class. 3. They take a lt f truble t find the right persn t d the jb.
当名词被序数词或 the nly, the next, the last, the right修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。
二、不定式作定语（名词被特定词修饰）
三、不定式作定语与特定名词连用
1. He had n chance t take a bite f biscuit.2. He made an attempt t be admitted t the big cmpany. 3. A gd teacher must have the ability t make himself understd. 4. They want t keep a prmise t balance the federal budget by 2011.5. We appreciate yur eagerness t receive yur device.
有些名词常跟不定式作定语，如：dream, ambitin, desire, determinatin, wish, decisin, chance, prmise, plan, time, attempt, effrt, ability, eagerness等。
四、不定式作定语（有…要做的事情）
Usually n the weekend, we have a lt f hmewrk ______.As a senir three student, there is a lt f hmewrk ______.With s much hmewrk ______, we need t stay at hme.
五、不定式作定语（表将来）
下周举行的会议很重要。The meeting __________ next week is f great imprtance.即将到来的节日是缅怀先人的好时机。The festival ________ is a gd time fr yu t hnr yur ancestrs.
1. Give me a suitable pen t write with. 2. His mther is lking fr a huse t live in. 3. There is nthing t wrry abut.4. Here is a piece f paper fr yu t write n.
作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
六、不定式加介词作定语
1. D yu have any clthes t wash?2. Kids, d yu have any clthes t be washed?3. I can’t g ut this afternn, because I have many materials t type. 4. The bss tld me that he had many materials t be typed.
当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用被动语态。
试比较1、2句和3、4句的区别是什么？
1. I usually have nthing t d n weekends.2. Please fetch me sme water t drink.3. He will shw yu the right path t take.
在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意义，如 have / get / give / shw sth t d。在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。
The airprt ______________ (cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area. (2013 四川改)2. We are having a meeting in half an hur. The decisin __________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future f ur cmpany. (2012 重庆)3. Vlunteering gives yu a chance _________ (change) lives, including yur wn. (2013 北京)4. The students are lking frward t having an pprtunity _________ (explre) sciety f real-life experience. (2013 上海)5. I have a lt f readings ___________ (cmplete) befre the end f this term. (2010 山东)
t be cmpleted
Infinitive as attribute: Exercise
6. The play ______________ (prduce) next mnth aims mainly t reflect the lcal culture. (2009 安徽)7. The ability _________ (express) an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself. (2011 湖南)8. It’s imprtant fr the figures ____________ (update) regularly. (2011 北京)9. Birds’ singing is smetimes a warning t ther birds ______ (stay) away. (2012 北京)10. It’s standard practice fr a cmpany like this ne _________ (emply) a security fficer. (2014 山东)
t be prduced
t be updated
1. T be a winner, yu need t give all yu have and try yur best. 2. Firemen had t break the dr dwn t reach the peple trapped inside. 3. Mre TV prgrammes were prduced t raise peple’scncern ver fd safety. 4. T / In rder t get a gd seat, he arrived early. 5. The bus stpped at the stp s as t pick up passengers.
Infinitive as adverbial
不定式作目的状语，可用in rder t / s as t 代替，有时为了突出强调目的，加强语气，还可将这个词组置于句首，但s as t一般不用于句首。(1) 置于句首时只用t d / in rder t d。如用于表示否定, 用 in rder nt t d 或 s as nt t d形式。(2)不定式作目的状语可转换为 s that / in rder that 或 s. . . that . . . 引导的目的状语从句。
1. He returned hme t find his wife waiting fr him. 2. He hurried t the bking ffice, nly t be tld that all the tickets had been sld ut. 3. As a cnductr he is t experienced t mind what the critics say.. 4. Is this bridge strng enugh t supprt heavy lrries?5. Will yu be s kind as t pen the windw?
不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用nly t, (表示意料之外的结果的发生)，t ... t, enugh t, s/such. . . as t(意为“如此……以至于……”)来表示结果状语。现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种自然而然的结果。
1. I am s excited t be here! 2. She wept t see him in such a terrible state.3. We’re prud t be yung peple f China. 4. He is glad t be invited t the meeting.
不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + t d”结构中，此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappinted, shcked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。
1. _________ (make) it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand. (2016 北京改)2. Anxiusly, she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n, nly _______ (find) it didn’t fit. (2014 天津改) 3. Grup activities will be rganised after class _________ (help) children develp team spirit. (2014 重庆改)4. Gerge returned after the war, nly __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. (2012 山东)5. This machine is very easy ___________ (perate). Anybdy can learn t use it in a few minutes. (2012 辽宁)6. We were astnished ________ (find) the temple still in its riginal cnditin. (2010 辽宁)
Exercise: Infinitive as adverbial
Hell, my dear friends! I am greatly hnured ________ (share) the event with yu. The theme f the activity is _______________ (intrduce) Chinese traditinal culture. During this mnth, there will be varius activities fr yu ____________ (experience) the rich and clurful Chinese culture. Yu will have a chance __________ (make) paper-cutting r ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be sme lectures fr yu _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial t yur understanding abut China. ________ (learn) mre abut China, dn’t hesitate _________ (cntact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up fr the activity.
t experience
t appreciate
Exercise: Infinitive as attribute and adverbial
◆T smke s much is nt very gd fr yur health.◆T frm a gd habit f learning is imprtant fr us students.
Functins f infinitives as subject
Summary: 单个的不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。常用结构有：①It is＋adj.＋(f/fr sb.) t d...②It is＋a/an＋名词＋t d...③It takes (sb.) sme d...④It requires curage/patience/hard d...
1. It’s necessary fr us t take a gd rest befre an exam, which will prvide enugh energy fr yu.2. I’m certain it is a gd chance t shw yur excellent handwriting.
Functins f infinitives as predicate
◆My husewrk is t clean all the rms fr my parents tday.◆His ambitin is t set up schls fr children f pr families.
Summary: 不定式放在系动词后面常表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容，其主语常是wish, idea, task, purpse, duty等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。
Functins f infinitives as bject
1. The driver failed t see the ther car in time.2. I’m very busy at present, s I have t refuse t help yu.Summary:动词不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词的后面，常见的动词有agree, ask, decide, hpe, fail, manage, pretend, refuse等。3. He still didn’t understand hw t perate the machine.Summary:能接“疑问词＋t d”的动词(短语)有decide, knw, cnsider, frget, learn, remember, shw, find ut, understand, see, wnder, hear, explain, tell等。4. I find it very difficult t cmmunicate with him in English.Summary:当不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。可接it作形式宾语的动词有feel, find, make, think等。
Functins f infinitives as bject cmplement
◆The teacher wants all f his students t make rapid prgress.◆I’ll leave him t slve the prblem by himself.◆Sleep is suppsed t be a time f peace and relaxatin.
Summary: 常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allw, want, permit, warn, hate, encurage, prefer, expect, rder, wish等；有些动词常跟“t be＋形容词”构成复合结构，如think, cnsider, imagine, prve, find, knw, suppse等。
◆Smene saw him g upstairs fllwing his brther.◆He was seen t g upstairs fllwing his brther.
Summary:在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, ntice, feel, bserve, listen t, lk at等动词(短语)后的复合宾语中，不定式不带t。在help后，不定式可以带t，也可以不带t。这些词在变为被动语态时，t不能省略。
1. Lk at the fllwing sentences and fcus n the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functins. P42 Ex.1
1.I trained fr a lng time t fly airplanes as a fighter pilt..(作_________)2.As we all knw, an astrnaut needs t be healthy and calm in rder t wrk in space.. (作_________)3.First f all, yu must be intelligent enugh t get a related cllege degree..(作__________)4.Sme scientist were determined t help humans realise their dream t explre space.. (作______)5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t g int space.. (作______)
Summary: 1. 不定式的结构：_____________________ 2. 分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来作 _ __ 表______，还可以用来作_______，表_______。
2. Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as attribute.P42 Ex2（1、3）
1.In 2003, Yuri Malenchenk became the first persn wh gt married in space. =In 2003, Yuri Malenchenk became the first persn______________ in has always been curius abut the universe and many peple have dreamed that ne day they wuld fly int space. =Mankind has always been curius abut the universe and many peple have dream __________ space.
t get married
Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as adverbial. P42Ex.2(2/4/5/6)
2. In space, astrnauts cllect all dirty water s that it can be recycled fr later use. =In space, astrnauts cllect all dirty water _____________ ___________it fr later ’ bnes and muscles can get very weak in space due t the lack f gravity, s they need t exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. =Astrnauts’ bnes and muscles can get very weak in space due t the lack f gravity, s they need t exercise every day______________________________.5. Astrnauts have t use tape t stick everything dwn while wrking in space because everything wuld flat ff therwise. =Astrnauts have t use tape t stick everything dwn while wrking in space _____________________________________. 6. During a spacewalk, astrnauts have t mve slwly s that they can keep their bdies under cntrl. =During a spacewalk, astrnauts have t mve slwly ______________________________________________.
s as t/in rder t/t recycle
s as t/in rder t/t keep healthy
Practice 1:
s as nt t/in rder nt t/nt t flat ff
s as t/in rder t/t keep their bdies under cntrl
3. Cmplete the passage with the crrect frms f the verbs in brackets. Sending peple t ther planets r even beynd the slar system is nt an easy gal ___________ (achieve). One f the prblems is that the trip wuld take a very lng time. Fr example, ______ (use) current technlgy, it wuld take ver tw years ______ (get) t the clsest planet, Mars, and back. Althugh light is the fastest thing _______ (knw) in the universe, it culd take mre than fur years t reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure ut a way ________ (stre) sufficient fd and water fr the lng jurney? Is it pssible t travel faster than light? N ne knws the answers yet. Hwever, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with grwing crps in space s as _______ (help) astrnauts get enugh fd n lnger jurneys thrugh space.
Imprtant phrases (P42)
D the exercises n P42 and P80 ~ P81.