高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计，共22页。教案主要包含了解题导语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
过去分词作定语和宾补
1．(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all arund England, and made changes t the legal system．
2．(教材P42)They use the same flag, knwn(knw) as the Unin Jack，．．．
3．(教材P42)Judy and I had ur car parked(park) in an undergrund car park near Trafalgar Square, where we culd get ur car battery charged(charge)．
过去分词作定语时的意义
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。
◆Our teacher watched us ding the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last． 我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。
◆The plan put frward at the meeting will be carried ut sn．
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
◆Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard．
许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。
◆The risen sun is shining brightly in the mrning．
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
【典例1】 (2019·北京卷)Earth Day, ____________(mark) n 22 April, is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin．
解析：句意：地球日在4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度事件。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。
答案：marked
过去分词作定语时的位置
1．前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
◆The plluted water was t blame fr the spread f chlera．
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
◆We needed much mre qualified wrkers．
我们需要更多的合格的工人。
有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，cncerned(有关的)等。
◆There are few tigers left．It is time fr the departments cncerned t take measures t prtect them frm dying ut．
剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
2．后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
◆He is a teacher lved by his students．
他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。
◆The bk published ten years ag is still a best­seller tday．
十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
◆As we all knw, China is a develping cuntry．
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
◆The visitr is frm a develped cuntry．
这位游客来自一个发达国家。
4．过去分词(dne)、现在分词的被动语态(being dne)与动词不定式的被动语态(t be dne)作定语的区别
◆The building built last year is ur classrm building．
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
◆The building being built nw is ur classrm building．
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
◆The building t be built next mnth is ur classrm building．
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
◆He passed away, leaving his wrks unfinished．
他去世了，留下他的著作还未完成。
◆Dn’t keep yur muth shut when I ask yu a questin．
当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。
◆He wants t have/get his eyes examined tmrrw．
他明天想去检查眼睛。
◆Jenny hpes that Mr．Smith will suggest a gd way t have her written English imprved in a shrt perid．
珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
◆They managed t make themselves understd by using very simple English．
他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3．感官动词see, hear, ntice, bserve, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
◆When we saw the rad blcked with snw, we decided t spend the hliday at hme．
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
◆The next mrning peple fund the wrld utside their huses cmpletely changed．
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, rder等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
◆The manager rdered the wrk finished at the end f this week．
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
◆With every prblem settled, he began t think f a jurney． 每一个问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。
【典例2】 (2018·天津卷)I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph ____________(take)．
解析：句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语my phtgraph与take之间为被动关系，且表示让他人去做这件事，因此用过去分词作宾补。
答案：taken
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词(短语)see, watch, bserve, lk at, ntice, hear, listen t, feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：
hear＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(ding sth.听到……正在做……，,（主动、进行）,d sth.听到……做了……（主动、完成）,dne听到……被做（被动、完成或,无时间性）))
◆I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by her rm yesterday．
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
◆I heard her sing an English sng just nw．
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
◆T learn English well, we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as pssible．
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)
2．使役动词make, have, get, keep后加复合宾语的比较：
(1)make＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.让……做某事（主动）,dne让……被做（被动）))
◆The shcking news made me realize what terrible prblems we wuld face． 这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
◆He spke slwly and clearly s that he culd make himself understd．
他说得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。
(2)have＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.使……做某事（主动）,ding sth.使……持续做某事,（主动、进行）,dne使……被做（被动）))
◆Mther had me g t the shp and buy sme salt．
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
◆He had us laughing all thrugh the meal．
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
◆My elder sister had her wallet stlen n a bus last mnth．
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
(3)get＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.使……做某事（主动）,ding sth.使……开始做某事（主动）,dne使……被做（被动）))
◆He gt me t pst the letter fr him．
他让我替他寄信。
◆The captain gt the sldiers mving tward the frnt after a shrt rest．
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
◆I’ll get my cellphne repaired tmrrw．
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
(4)keep＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(ding sth.使……一直做某事,（主动、进行）,dne使……被做（被动）))
◆I’m srry t have kept yu waiting s lng．
对不起，让你久等了。
◆She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was．
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
【典例3】 (2019·陕西期末)Tday, yu can find a statue f Jhn Harvard ____________(stand) in frnt f the University Hall in Harvard Yard，and it is perhaps the University’s best knwn landmark．
解析：句意：今天，你可以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的Jhn Harvard的雕像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。a statue f Jhn Harvard和动词stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
答案：standing
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ) 单句语法填空
1．We see an ld man sweeping the fallen(fall) leaves every mrning when we pass the pst ffice．
2．Our teacher was very wrried because there was nly a little time left(leave) fr us t finish this task．
3．Generally speaking, the children brught(bring) up by grandparents tend t feel lnely smetimes．
4．It is amazing that he fell in lve with the girl dressed(dress) in a red skirt at the first sight．
5．As is knwn t us all, Tsinghua University, funded(fund) in 1911, is ne f the tp universities in the wrld．
6．There was an excited(excite) lk n his face when the actress appeared．
7．The players selected(select) frm the whle cuntry are expected t bring us hnr in this summer game．
8．They spent tw hurs discussing the plan designed(design) by the famus engineer．
9．The cnfused expressin n his face suggested that he was nt able t wrk ut the cnfusing prblem．(cnfuse)
10．The teacher wanted ur cmpsitins handed(hand) in after class．
11．I’d appreciate it if yu culd suggest a gd way t get my English imprved(imprve) in a shrt perid f time．
12．With all her business things arranged(arrange), Diana went n hliday．
13．The speaker raised his vice but still culdn’t make himself heard(hear)．
14．Back frm his tw­year medical service in Africa, Dr．Lee was very happy t see his mther taken(take) gd care f at hme．
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 语法与写作
1．他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。
They’re having a meeting t discuss the serius prblem knwn_t_everybdy．
2．为了解决这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。
T slve the prblem, we shuld meet the demand made_by_the_custmers．
3．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在公交车上被人偷了。
T his surprise, he didn’t ntice_his_wallet_stlen n the bus．
4．在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。
Yu’d better leave_all_the_dishes_untuched befre all the guests are seated．
5．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。
The yung lady was quite annyed t find_her_valuable_necklace_lst．
6．这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。
The cuple felt very satisfied t see their daughter taken_gd_care_f in the new nursery．
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ) 单句语法填空
1．Mr．Brwn’s rm, filled(fill) with all kinds f bks, lks as if it is a small library．
2．T tell the truth, yu must make every effrt t imprve yur spken(speak) English．
3．(2019·四川成都七中高一诊断)T his surprise, Jack fund his sn dressed(dress) as Santa Claus n Christmas Eve．
4．(2019·山西实验中学高一联考)I nce fund my cell phne missing(miss) during my stay in the city．
5．If yu want t make yurself respected(respect), yu are abve all t respect yurself．
6．The student likes reading stries written(write) by the famus writer．
7．Many used(use) cmputers will be sld in this market．
8．Prices f daily gds bught(buy) thrugh a cmputer can be lwer than stre prices．
9．Tday, there are many peple visiting(visit) the park every day．
10．We shuld pay attentin t the physical and mental health prblems caused_(cause) by a lack f sleep．
11．My cellphne has brken dwn and I have t get it repaired(repair) sn．
12．I was surprised(surprise) t find my hmetwn changed(change) s much．
13．Jhn received an invitatin t dinner, and with his wrk cmpleted(cmplete), he gladly accepted it．
14．Dn’t leave the water running(run) while yu are brushing yur teeth．
15．The yga club, pened(pen) last mnth in ur schl, is ppular amng wmen teachers．
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 阅读理解
The first peple in Canada crssed the Bering Strait frm Asia．In the nrth the Inuit lived by hunting seals, walruses(海象) and whales．They als hunted caribu(驯鹿)．On the west cast peple hunted deer, bear and beaver．They als fished．On the plains peple lived by hunting buffal．In the east peple grew crps f beans, squash, maize and sunflwer seeds．
The first Eurpeans t reach Canada were the Vi­kings．In 986 a Viking called Bjarni Herjlfssn was blwn ff curse by a strm and he sptted a new land．Hwever he sailed away withut landing．In 1001 a man named Leif Erikssn landed in the new land, which he named Vinland(it was part f Canada)．Hwever Erikssn did nt stay permanently．Later the Vikings did establish a clny in Nrth America but they abandned it because f cnflict with the natives．
Hwever after the Vikings Canada was frgtten until the end f the 15th century．In 1497 the English king Henry Ⅶ sent an Italian named Jhn Cabt n an expeditin acrss the Atlantic t Newfundland．Cabt discvered rich fishing waters ff the cast f Canada．
Then in 1534 and in 1535－1536 a Frenchman named Jacques Cartier(1491－1557) sailed n tw expeditins t Canada．On 10 August 1535 (St Lawrence’s Day) he sailed int the St Lawrence River, which he named after the saint．
Hwever n permanent Eurpean settlements were made in Canada until the early 17th century．In 1603 a Frenchman named Samuel de Champlain(1567－1635) sailed up the St Lawrence River．In 1604 he funded Prt Ryal in Acadia(Nva Sctia)．In 1608 Samuel de Champlain funded Quebec．(The name Quebec is believed t be an Algnquin wrd meaning a narrw part f a river．) In 1642 the French funded Mntreal．The new clny in Canada was called New France．By 1685 the ppulatin f New France was abut 10, 000．By 1740 it was 48, 000．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。
1．In which part f Canada did peple grw crps?
A．In the nrth． B．In the east．
C．On the west cast．D．On the plains．
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句In the east peple grew crps f beans, squash, maize and sunflwer seeds．可知答案。
2．Wh was the first Eurpean t reach Canada?
A．Leif Erikssn．B．Bjarni Herjlfssn．
C．Jhn Cabt．D．Samuel de Champlain．
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句The first Eurpeans t reach Canada．．．called Bjarni Herjlfssn was blwn ff curse by a strm and he sptted a new land．可知，Bjarni Herjlfssn是最早来到加拿大的欧洲人。
3．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Eurpeans set ft n Canada．
B．Eurpeans started expeditins．
C．Eurpeans fught against the natives．
D．Eurpeans began t make permanent settlements．
D 解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段第一句为该段的主题句。
4．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．The Early Histry f Canada
B．The Languages f Canada
C．Eurpeans Started Expeditins
D．The War Between Eurpeans and Canadians
A 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。综合来看，文章讲述了加拿大早期的历史。
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅲ) 七选五
Rainbws(彩虹) are ne f the mst beautiful wrks that nature creates．1．________If yu’ve ever seen ne, cnsider yurself lucky．
Rainbws can be seen when light passes thrugh raindrps, says Kristin Calhun, a research scientist studying the cnditins f weather．
When sunlight passes thrugh raindrps, the light bends, as it enters a drplet．As it leaves the drplet, the light separates int different wavelengths(波长)．2．________ The seven clrs—red, range, yellw, green, blue, indig and vilet—bend in seven different directins．Red light, fr example, bends in a different way than vilet light．3．________It als explains why rainbws lk like an arc(弧)．Smetimes, hwever, rainbws can actually frm a circle that yu can see in a plane with the right cnditins．
4．________“There is an even better chance when the sun is at a lwer level, early r later in the day，” Calhun says．And anther key is t face the rain and have yur back t the sun．
5．________“Small shwers and strms ften frm in late afternn in this area，”Calhun says．“These types f shwers ften prduce heavy rain, but remain islated(孤立的) ver the center f the island．”
A．There are lts f stries relating t rainbws．
B．Rainbws are created by light thrugh raindrps．
C．And each wavelength appears as a different clr．
D．With the cnditins just right, Hawaii gets lts f rainbws．
E．The best time t catch a rainbw is when it’s sunny and raining．
F．But they can be seen nly if yu are in the right place at the right time．
G．This is why the persn n the grund sees each clr at a different lcatin．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。彩虹是大自然最美的作品之一，在什么样的条件下才能欣赏到美丽的彩虹呢？
1．F 解析：上文Rainbws(彩虹) are ne f the mst beautiful wrks that nature creates．与F项内容形成转折关系，即彩虹虽然美丽，但人们必须在合适的时间和地点才能看见它。
2．C 解析：C项中的wavelength和clr分别复现上文中的wavelengths和下文中的clrs，起到承上启下的作用。
3．G 解析：上文中的The seven clrs ．．．bend in seven different directins．Red light, fr example, bends in a different way than vilet light．与G项内容形成因果关系。
4．E 解析：本段涉及彩虹出现的天气条件，E项内容符合该话题；且E项中的sunny and raining与下文中的the sun和the rain 存在词汇复现关系。
5．D 解析：下文中的this area和the island指代D项中的Hawaii，本段说明夏威夷气象条件合适，因此经常出现彩虹。
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅳ) 语法填空
Winter in Quebec, Canada is very different frm that in England．When I first arrived, I was 1．____________ (slight) wrried abut the winter．I culdn’t imagine 2．____________ it wuld be like t have 3 metres f snw and what n earth I was ging t d when the weather was s bad．Hwever, here, life ges n as usual．Trains and buses cntinue, and peple scialise and even better．3．____________ number f new sprts take ver．
Fr me, skiing means dwnhill skiing, in ski resrts(度假胜地), with ski lifts taking yu up the muntain．Befre 4．____________(arrive), I did nt knw there were in fact different 5．____________(type) f skiing．Imagine a sunny but cld day, and yu have taken a chairlift t the tp f a muntain 6．____________(cver) in snw．An hur seems like a few minutes, as yu carve yur way dwn a run t the bttm, and then d it all again．It is my new favurite sprt．
Ice skating n a frzen(结冰的) lake is anther 7．____________(excite) sprt fr me．Once I culd hardly stand n a pair f ice skates, but nw I am able t make laps(圈) f the 3 km rute n the lake, 8．____________ is frzen during January and February．
Indeed having 3 metres f snw was a bit frightening．Schl 9．____________(cancel) nce because f a big snwstrm, but I was 10．____________ busy enjying all these cl sprts that winter finished t sn!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。加拿大魁北克市冬季降雪量会达到三米。不过，别担心，这儿有丰富多样的冬季户外运动。
1．slightly 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词wrried，表示“稍微”，故填副词slightly。
2．what 解析：考查连接词。设空表示“我无法想象降雪量达到三米是什么样的情景”，故填what。what在此引导宾语从句。
3．A 解析：考查不定冠词。由下文的描述可知，此处表示“有许多新的运动”，故填A。a number f意为“许多，大量”。
4．arriving 解析：考查动词­ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词Befre的宾语，故填arriving。
5．types 解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“种类”，因为type是可数名词，由其前的were和different可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填types。
6．cvered 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处表示“被积雪覆盖的山”，cver与muntain之间是动宾关系，故填cvered。
7．exciting 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰sprt，表示“令人激动的”，故填形容词exciting。
8．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明lake，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
9．was cancelled 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处表示“有一次因为大暴雪学校还放了假”，schl与cancel之间是被动关系，因为设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was cancelled。
10．s 解析：考查副词。s．．．that．．．意为“如此……以至于……”。
意义
形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
意义
形式
语态
时态
dne
被动
完成
being dne
被动
进行
t be dne
被动
尚未发生