高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教案，共22页。


puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
(教材P40)Getting t knw a little bit abut British histry will help yu slve this puzzle．
了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑
be a puzzle t sb．对某人来说是个谜
(2)puzzle abut/ver苦苦思考
(3)puzzled adj．困惑的，迷惑不解的
puzzling adj．令人迷惑不解的
①What puzzled me was hw the accident culd have happened．
令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。
②I’m in a puzzle as t hw t get alng with him．
对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Yu must have been trubled by when t say “I lve yu” because it is ne f the greatest puzzles(puzzle) in ur life．
②Their reasn fr ding it is still a puzzle t me．
③These scientists have been puzzling abut/ver hw t slve the envirnmental prblem．
④The puzzled lk n her face suggested she was puzzling ver the puzzling maths prblem．(puzzle)
把……和……连接或联结起来
(教材P40)In the 16th century, the nearby cuntry f Wales was jined t the Kingdm f England．
16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。
(1)jin the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部
jin in参加(比赛、活动等)
(2)cnnect．．．with．．．把……和……联系起来
①The island, jined t the mainland by a bridge, is easy t g．
岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里很方便。
②Peple all ver the wrld usually cnnect China with silk and gd fd．
世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①It is said that mre than tw hundred students have jined_in_the_discussin(参加讨论)．
②As far as I knw, it is five years since he jined_the_army(参军)．
break away (frm sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
(教材P40)Finally, in the 20th century, the suthern part f Ireland brke away frm the UK, which resulted in the full name we have tday: the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland．
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
break dwn 损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮
break int破门而入
break ut(战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up结束；破裂
①Hwever, the suthern part f Ireland was unwilling and brke away t frm its wn gvernment．
然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。
②It tk great curage t break away frm his family at that time．
在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。
[即学即练]——用break的相关短语填空
①If yu g n wrking like that, yu will break_dwn sner r later．
②A fire brke_ut in this htel last night and three peple were killed．
③With s many prblems unsettled, a few cuntries wanted t break_away_frm_the Unin．
④In my pinin，marriage based n mney is likely t break_up．
belng t 属于
(教材P40)The fur cuntries that belng t the United Kingdm wrk tgether in sme areas．
属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。
(1)belng t 表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态
(2)belngings n．财产，所有物
①N matter what happens, Taiwan belngs t China．
不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。
②Prfessr Williams keeps telling his students that the future belngs t the well­educated．
威廉姆教授一直告诫他的学生们未来属于受过良好教育的人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As is knwn t us, China is a cuntry belnging(belng) t the third wrld．
②My friend will help yu mve yur belngings(belng) t yur new huse．
[链接写作]——完成句子
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于中国的传统艺术。
Paper­cutting has a histry f ver 1，500 years, which_belngs_t traditinal art in China．
belng t中的t是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“．．．belnging t”。
defence n．防御；保卫
(经典佳句)In defence f ur mtherland, a large number f peple lst their lives．
为了保卫我们的祖国，许多人失去了生命。
(1)in defence (f．．．) 为了保卫(……)
(2)defend vt．保护；保卫；为……辩护
defend．．．frm/against．．．防御；保卫……以免受……
①All the peple were fighting against the fld in defence f their wn hmes．
为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。
②He has emplyed ne f the U．K．’s tp lawyers t defend him．
他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Sme think that students shuld be trained t_defend(defend) themselves against sme attacks．
②The mnument is in memry f the sldiers wh died in defence(defend) f their cuntry．
③When a dg attacked me, I picked up a stick t defend myself (I)．
surrund vt.围绕；包围
(教材P40)Almst everywhere yu g in the UK, yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry．
几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。
(1)surrund．．．with．．． 用……包围……
be surrunded with/by．．．被……包围/环绕
(2)surrunding adj．周围的；附近的
(3)surrundings n．环境；周边事物(复数)
①The prfessr likes t surrund himself with his students．
那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。
②The small village is surrunded with green muntains and clear rivers, attracting visitrs frm every crner．
青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Surrunded(surrund) by the frest, the village lks very beautiful．
②Living in beautiful and cmfrtable surrundings(surrund), we feel very happy．
③They all went ut t lk fr the lst child in the surrunding(surrund) villages．
evidence n．证据；证明
(经典佳句)There is nw cnvincing evidence that smking causes lung cancer．
现在有令人信服的证据证明吸烟导致肺癌。
(1)There is sme evidence that．．． 有证据证明……
(2)evident adj．明显的，明白的
It’s evident that．．．很明显……
①Mdern science has given clear evidence that smking can lead t many diseases．
现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。
②It is evident that the man is highly thught f in the cmpany．
很显然，这个人在公司里受到高度评价。
[链接写作]——完成句子
有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。
There’s_sme_evidence_that utdr activities are gd fr us．
achievement n．成就；成绩；达到
(教材P40)Sme f their great achievements included building twns and rads．
他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
(1)a sense f achievement 成就感
make an achievement取得成就
(2)achieve vt．完成；达到
vi．成功
achieve ne’s gal达到目标
①Even a small success can give yu a sense f achievement．
即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。
②His laziness makes it impssible fr him t achieve his gal．
他的懒惰使他不可能达到目标。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The wman scientist was awarded the Nbel Prize fr physics fr thse great achievements(achieve) made by her．
②We’ve had a gd start, but mre wrk needs t be dne t_achieve(achieve) the final success．
if条件状语从句的省略形式
(教材P40)S what is the difference between them, if any?
如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？
if any 如果有的话
if s如果这样的话
if nt如果不这样的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if pssible如果有可能的话
①There maybe sme mistakes in my cmpsitin．If any, please help me pint them ut．
我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。
②Did yu cheat in the exam? If s, yu wn’t get away with it．
你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你将不会逃脱惩罚。
[链接写作]——完成句子
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。
I’m Li Hua．I’m wndering if yu are available at the weekend．If_s,_let’s_have_a_face_t_face_talk_abut table manners．
as well as既……又……，连接并列成分
(教材P40)They use the same flag, knwn as the Unin Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence．
他们使用同一面国旗，也就是英国国旗，也拥有同样的货币和国防。
(1)knwn as the Unin Jack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词flag；
(2)as well as既……又……，可连接两个平行结构。动词形式与as well as之前的主语一致；
(3)as well as连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
①Yang Liwei, knwn as the first Chinese astrnaut t g t space, is regarded as a natinal her． 杨利伟，作为中国第一个进入太空的宇航员，被认为是国家英雄。
②My father as well as his wrkmates has been t Beijing．
我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Great scientific achievements will have a psitive effect n ur life as well as sciety．
②(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brthers, was_given(give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week．
the way后省略that/in which的定语从句
(教材P40)They intrduced the beginnings f the English language, and changed the way peple built huses．
他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
(1)句中定语从句peple built huses修饰先行词the way，其前省略了关系词that/in which；
(2)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略；
(3)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。
①The students didn’t understand the way(that/in which) the maths teacher slved the prblem．
学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。
②I’d like t settle the prblem in a way which/that is peaceful．
我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。
[链接写作]——一句多译
我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。
①I dn’t like the_way_she_speaks_t yu．
②I dn’t like the_way_in_which_she_speaks_t yu．(in which引导的定语从句)
③I dn’t like the_way_that_she_speaks_t yu．(that引导的定语从句)
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ) 品句填词
1．As the ld saying ges, “Tgether, individuals(个人) can make a difference．”
2．The United Kingdm(王国) f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland is made up f England, Wales, Sctland and Nrthern Ireland．
3．He wrks as a chief(主要的) editr in China Daily．
4．The cuntry needs a defence(防御) capability as insurance against the unexpected．
5．My mther wrks in a nearby(附近的) cmpany and she usually walks hme．
6．The lcatin(位置) f the Arts Theatre was cnsidered a pr area f twn．
7．They were unwilling t accept the fact that their sn died in the battle(战斗，战役)．
8．As is knwn t us, Qingda is a beautiful prt(港口) city with a lng histry．
9．As is knwn t all, China has made great achievements(成就) during the past decades．
10．Tim’s puzzled(困惑的) expressin suggested that he didn’t understand what they had said．
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 完成句子/一句多译
1．在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。
In the last few years, China has made_great_achievements_in_envirnmental_prtectin．
2．我们可以更多地了解伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
We can knw mre abut the life f great peple as_well_as_histry_and_cultures_f ther cuntries．
3．著名科学家袁隆平于2019年9月29日被授予共和国勋章。
Yuan Lngping, knwn_as_a_famus_scientist,_was awarded Natinal Medals n September 29th, 2019．
4．保持环境清洁无污染是使人们生活健康的关键一步。
Keeping_the_envirnment_clean_and_free_f_pllutin is the key step t make life healthy．
5．温哥华是加拿大最温暖、最美丽的城市。它被群山和太平洋环绕。
(1)Vancuver is Canada’s warmest and mst beautiful city．It is_surrunded_by_muntains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．
(2)Vancuver is Canada’s warmest and mst beautiful city, which_is_surrunded_by_muntains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．(合并升级为定语从句)
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅲ) 课文语法填空
Studying British histry can help yu understand 1．what the United Kingdm, Great Britain, Britain, England mean．In the 16th century, Wales was jined t the Kingdm f England．In the 18th century, Sctland was jined 2．t_create (create) the Kingdm f Great Britain．In the 19th century, the Kingdm f Ireland was added t create the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Ireland．Hwever, the suthern part f Ireland brke 3．away_frm the UK, which resulted 4．in the full name we have tday: the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland．
Althugh the fur cuntries wrk tgether in sme areas, they still have sme 5．differences(different)．The United Kingdm has a lng and interesting histry t explre, 6．which can help yu understand much mre abut the cuntry and 7．its(it) traditins．N matter where yu g in the UK, yu will 8．be_surrunded(surrund) by evidence that fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry．Studying the histry f the cuntry will make yur visit much mre 9．enjyable(enjy)．The UK is a fascinating mix f histry and mdern culture, with bth new and ld 10．traditins(traditin)．
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ) 单句语法填空
1．When he wke up, he fund himself surrunded(surrund) by sme dctrs．
2．If yu cntinue t d illegal(legal) things, yu will end up in prisn sner r later．
3．I am quite cnfused(cnfuse) by Chinese table manners．I’d appreciate it if yu culd give me sme tips n hw t behave prperly at a dinner party．
4．As well as studying(study) English at schl，Alice taught herself Japanese at hme．
5．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence(defend)．
6．There is evidence(evident) that Beijing Man used fire t ck fd．
7．He passed the cllege entrance examinatin, which made his parents very prud．
8．There is s much mre t_learn(learn) abut the interesting histry and culture f the United Kingdm．
9．He was very upset(upset) because his pen pal didn’t reply t his letters in time．
10．Have yu ever belnged(belng) t a plitical party?
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅱ) 阅读理解
A
Ottawa is the capital f Canada．It is the secnd largest city in Ontari and the furth largest city in the cuntry．
The Centre Blck is the main building n Parliament Hill(国会山)．It is als the lcatin f several ceremnial spaces, such as the Hall f Hnr and the Memrial Chamber．The present Centre Blck is the secnd iteratin f the building, after the first was destryed by fire in 1916, and it is ne f the mst recgnizable buildings in Canada．
Dwntwn Ottawa is the cmmercial and ecnmic centre f the city．Mst f the buildings are ffice twers．While mst f Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the dwntwn cre．The dwntwn als cntains a number f apartments, htels, and the lder single family hmes and twnhuses alng its edges．
The Natinal Gallery f Canada is ne f Canada’s premier art galleries．The Gallery has a large and varied cllectin f paintings, drawings, sculpture and phtgraphs．Althugh its fcus is n Canadian art, it als hlds wrks by sme nted American and Eurpean artists．
The Rideau Canal is the ldest cntinuusly perated canal system in Nrth America．At the very beginning, the purpse f the Rideau Canal was military, as it was intended t prvide a secure supply and cmmunicatin rute between Mntreal and the British naval base in Kingstn．It remains in use tday primarily fr pleasure bating, with mst f its riginal structures undamaged．The lcks n the system pen fr navigatin in mid­May and clse in mid­Octber．
【解题导语】 文章描写了加拿大渥太华著名的几处地方，并分别对这几处地方进行了详细的说明。
1．The underlined wrd “iteratin” in the 2nd paragraph prbably means “________”．
A．repair B．design
C．cpyD．landmark
C 解析：词义猜测题。从第二段The present Centre Blck is the secnd iteratin f the building, after the first was destryed by fire in 1916可知，现如今的中央街区是重新翻修的，以前的那一座在1916年的大火中被毁坏了。所以iteratin的意思相当于cpy，复制品。故选C。
2．In the cre f Dwntwn Ottawa, we culd see________．
A．a large number f tall twers
B．head ffices f Ottawa’s high tech industry
C．a number f apartments and htels
D．the lder single family hmes and twnhuses
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Mst f the buildings are ffice twers．While mst f Ottawa’s high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the dwntwn cre．可知在渥太华的市中心都是办公大楼，而且主要是高科技行业的办公大楼。
3．Cllectins in the Natinal Gallery f Canada are mainly________．
A．paintings and drawings
B．sculpture and phtgraphs
C．wrks by Canadian artists
D．artwrk by Americans and Eurpeans
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The Gallery has a large and varied．．．Althugh its fcus is n Canadian art, it als hlds wrks by sme nted American and Eurpean artists．可知，主要收藏的是各种各样的画以及雕像、照片。它主要是收藏加拿大人的艺术作品，同时也收藏一些著名的美国人和欧洲人的作品，故选C。
4．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the Rideau Canal?
A．It is the ldest canal system in Nrth America．
B．It was riginally fr the military purpse．
C．The riginal structures remain never changed．
D．Peple can nly g bating frm May t Octber．
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的At the very beginning, the purpse f the Rideau Canal was military可知，最初的目的是军事目的。
B
Yu’ll be likely t becme angry if yu dn’t get a gd night’s sleep, a new paper reprts．Cutting a few hurs f sleep ut f yur schedule isn’t as gd an idea as it may appear．Researchers at the Iwa State University reprt that missing sleep will make yu angrier, leaving yu ill­equipped t deal with uneasy situatins．This is ne f the first studies t prvide evidence that sleep lss causes anger．
The link between lack(短缺)f sleep and negative mds (anger included) has been prved in past research, but the prblem is that we knw that the tw cme tgether, but nt that whether ne causes the ther．In the current study, Krizan and c­authr Garrett Hisler, an ISU dctral student, deal with this questin．
Under the study, vlunteers were divided int tw grups．The cntrl grup fllwed their nrmal sleep rutine, while the experimental grup cut tw t fur hurs f sleep each night fr tw nights．On average, the cntrl grup gt almst seven hurs f sleep a night, while the experimental grup gt abut fur and a half hurs each night．
In rder t measure anger, they had vlunteers visit the lab befre and after the sleep manipulatin(操纵)．All the while, they were asked t listen t sme unpleasant brwn and white nise．Krizan says the purpse was t create uncmfrtable cnditins．
“In general, anger was much higher fr thse whse sleep was restricted(限制)，”Krizan said．“We manipulated hw unpleasant the nise was during the task．As expected, vlunteers reprted mre anger when the nise was mre unpleasant．When sleep was restricted, peple reprted even mre anger, regardless f the nise．”
Sleep lss is knwn t increase negative mds, such as anxiety and sadness, and decrease psitive mds, such as happiness and excitement．Hwever, the team says they fund that sleep lss uniquely affected anger．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。
5．What did the study mentined find ut?
A．Sme disadvantages f sleeping less．
B．Sme signs f having pr­quality sleep．
C．The link between lack f sleep and negative mds．
D．The cause­effect relatinship between sleep lss and anger．
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的This is ne f the first studies t prvide evidence that sleep lss causes anger．以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。
6．What’s the purpse f asking the vlunteers t listen t unpleasant nise?
A．T make them angry．
B．T make them awake．
C．T take their attentin away．
D．T affect their thinking ability．
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In rder t measure anger 和Krizan says the purpse was t create uncmfrtable cnditins．以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。
7．Frm what Krizan said, we knw ________．
A．the reasns fr the study
B．the findings f the study
C．the prcess f the study
D．the methd used in the study
B 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。
eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅲ) 七选五
Air pllutin, as we knw tday, started with the Industrial Revlutin in Eurpe in the 19th century．In the last few decades, it has becme the majr prblem f ur envirnment．1．________ It may als cause harm t ther living things such as animals and fd crps．
Our mdern life style has led t dirtier air ver the years．Factries, vehicles f all kinds, and the grwing number f peple are the things that are respnsible fr air pllutin tday．2．________ Frest fires and dust strms can als lead t the pllutin f the atmsphere．
There are tw types f zne(臭氧) that we knw f．3．________ But n the grund, peple prduce zne, t．Traffic and factries cause grund zne．It is especially dangerus fr children and lder peple．
4．________ Chsing ther frms f energy, like slar energy r wind energy culd be helpful in cntrlling pllutin．Cities like Lndn have shwn that better air quality can be achieved in a shrt time．
Smg is a cmbinatin f smke and fg(雾)．During the beginning f the Industrial Revlutin, thusands f peple died in Lndn every year．Hwever, a lt has been dne t prevent smg recently．Factries use cal that desn’t have much harmful material in it．And cars are much cleaner tday．5．________
A．But nt all pllutin in the air is caused by humans．
B．We students can als help make the air arund us cleaner!
C．The jb f cleaning up ur air is difficult but nt impssible．
D．Actually, natural zne is in the upper part f ur atmsphere．
E．It may cause sme serius diseases and even death fr humans．
F．In sme cities, cars are nt even allwed t drive n smg days．
G．Bth human activity and natural prcesses can create air pllutin．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了大气污染的危害、形成原因，以及应对它的一些方法。
1．E 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的It 指代的是第一句中提到的Air pllutin。 根据后一句中的It may als cause ．．．也可推出此句是要指出大气污染的一些危害。
2．A 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本空前一句指出的都是由于人类的一些活动而导致的大气污染，而空格后面的Frest fires and dust strms 都是自然灾害引起的大气污染，所以可推出此空承上启下，指出不是所有的大气污染都是由人类引起的。
3．D 解析：此空设于段中，是对首句的进一步解释说明。首句提出，我们所知道的有两种臭氧，此句和后一句都是对这两种臭氧的进一步解释，即天然臭氧处于大气层的上部，而人类在地面上也会产生臭氧。
4．C 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕空气是可以被净化的这一说法而展开的。
5．F 解析：此空设于段尾，是对本段第三句的进一步具体解释。第三句提出，最近针对雾霾已经出现了很多措施，工厂用的煤含有很少的有害物质，汽车也变得更清洁了，甚至在雾霾天，一些城市都不允许汽车出行。