陕西省宝鸡市2024届高三上学期阶段性检测（二）英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份陕西省宝鸡市2024届高三上学期阶段性检测（二）英语试卷(含答案)，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Oil spills(泄漏) are cmmn. When they happen, they can cause a lt f damage.
Hw Oil Spills Happen
Oil is a fssil fuel. It’s used in gasline. That pwers bats, cars, and trucks. It’s als used t make things. Sme plastics, paints, and makeups are made with il. Oil can be fund belw the cean flr. Machines drill beneath the cean. Then the il is pumped ut. This is called extractin(开采). It’s ne way il can accidentally leak. Oil spills can als be caused by transprting r mving il.
Impacting the Envirnment
In the United States, thusands f il spills happen each year. It can take years t clean up after a large spill. But even small leaks and spills can cause damage. Oil spills can have lng-lasting effects. They hurt wildlife. Birds get il n their feathers. They can't fly. Sea tters (海獭) get il in their fur. This makes it (hard fr them t stay warm- Oil creates pisnus gas. This makes it hard fr whales t breathe.
Larger il spills are a danger fr peple and wildlife. Spilled il must be remved frm the envirnment. Emergency respnse teams are called in t d the wrk. There are several ways t clean up il spills.
•Shreline flushing(冲刷). Pipes flush il frm the shre. The il is washed int the water. It's mre easily cllected there.
•Bms. Bms are flating barriers. They are used t stp il frm spreading n the water’s surface.
•Srbents. Srbents act like spnges(海绵) .They absrb il but d nt pick up water.
•Burning. Newly spilled il can be set n fire. This helps remve the il that is flating n the water.
1、What can we knw abut il spills?
A.They are uncmmn.B.They are easy t clean up.
C.They affect the envirnment.D.They are nt a danger fr peple.
2、What's the influence f il spills n sea tters?
A. They can’t swim.B.They can't breathe.
C. They can't find enugh fd.D.They can hardly stay warm.
3、What can be used t keep il £rm spreading n the water's surface?
A.Pipes.B. Bms.C. Spnges.D. Bats.
A famusly strange statue in the city f Oxfrd, England recently received fficial prtectin as a histric landmark. But, Magnus Hansn-Heine, the sn f the man wh built the artwrk, is nt happy abut the special recgnitin.
The statue is a 7. 6-metre-tall mdel f a shark. The strange part is in the statue’s psitining up n the tp f the Hansn-Heine huse. It appears frm the street as if the huge fish dve straight thrugh the hme's rf. Magnus Hansn-Heine's father, Bill Heine, put up the sculpture in 1986 as a prtest against war and nuclear weapns. He wrked n the art prgramme with his friend, sculptr Jhn Buckley.
Bill Heine was an American wh studied law at the University f Oxfrd and made the twn his hme. He gt the idea fr the sculpture after he heard American warplanes fly ver his huse ne night in April 1986. The next mrning, he learned that the planes had been n their way t bmb Tripli, Libya.
The men exhibited the sculpture n August 9 t mark the 41st anniversary f the atmic bmb attack n Hirshima, Japan. “The image f a shark crashing thrugh the hme captured the shck the cmmn peple must feel when bmbs crash int their hmes,” Magnus Hansn-Heine said.
Magnus Hansn-Heine calls the lcal gvernment’s declaratin abut the sculpture funny. His father, he explained, never sught nr accepted permissin t put up the shark. “In fact, he strngly believed,” his sn said, “that the gvernment shuld nt decide what art the public shuld see.” And, Hansn-Heine nted, the same lcal cuncil that has declared the shark histric and prtected, had spent years seeking its remval.
“The shark's anti-war message is just as imprtant tday,” Hansn-Heine said. “While that message is serius» the strange sculpture that rises ver the therwise nrmal street brings sme fun and laughter as well.”
4、Why did Bill Heine build the artwrk?
A.T beautify his wn huse.
B.T cause sme fun and laughter.
C.T fight against war and nuclear weapns.
D.T mark the atmic bmb attack n Hirshima, Japan.
5、What d we knw abut Bill Heine?
A.He was frm America.
B.He made the lawyer his prfessin.
C.It tk him nearly half a year t finish the statue.
D.His attempt t place the shark n the rf was nce refused.
6、Why was Hansn-Heine dissatisfied with the lcal gvernment?
A.The gvernment didn't allw his father t keep sharks.
B.The lcal gvernment had been trying t remve the artwrk.
C.The gvernment did nt discuss it with him befre making the decisin.
D.The artwrk was extremely cmmn and did nt need-gvernment prtectin.
7、Which is the best descriptin f the sculpture?
A.It is a 6. 7-metre-tall shark mdel.
B.It was put up by Magnus Hansn-Heine and his father.
C.It was inspired by the sharks raised by Magnus Hansn-Heine's father.
D.The image caught peple's shck when bmbs hit their hmes.
Fr 14 years, Kerry Mellin cmmuted(通勤) 40 miles t her jb. On a gd day, the drive tk 75 minutes. “On bad traffic days, it was easily tw hurs,” she says. “The rad rage was real. I felt trapped and my back pain was killing me.”
N prductivity expert advcates the benefits f mrning anger and back pain. But exactly hw a lng trip such as Mellin’s affects the wrkday hasn’t been fully understd. New research frm Dartmuth helps quantify the cst f cmmuting n perfrmance. “Yur cmmute predicts yur day,” says Andrew Campbell, lead researcher f the study.
Befre the pandemic, 275 infrmatin wrkers (45% f them were emplyed by tech cmpanies) acrss the US were equipped with fitness tracking devices; subjects were mnitred arund the clck fr a year. Mst f them, 94%, cmmuted by car, with trips averaging 40 t 60 minutes. The sensrs tracked details such as heart rate and sleep, as well as envirnmental infrmatin like weather.
The data shwed that a rugh mrning cmmute acts as a first falling dmin(多米诺骨牌) , with ill effects felt dwn the line. “Cmmuting, especially if it’s nt well-planned and predictable, raises stress levels,” says c-authr Pin Audia, a prfessr f management and rganizatins at Dartmuth's Tuck Schl f Business
The researchers fund that cmmutes invlving mre physical activity, such as walking r bicycling, cnnected with less stress and better perfrmance at wrk. Perfrmance was measured by tracking dzens f behaviurs bth prductive (helping c-wrkers, vlunteering fr assignments, skipping breaks t finish wrk) and cunterprductive (leaving early, excessive breaks, wrking slwly).
Participants self-reprted, and 110 f the 275 were cnsidered “lw perfrmers”. (There was n cnclusin fr why the cnnectin exists; the researchers’ fcus was simply n measuring it.)
Anther finding: n matter hw a wrker cmmuted, thse wh left their hmes r ffices at the same times each mrning and afternn and tk the same rute perfrmed better than cmmuters wh alternated departures and varied their rutes. This cnfirms the Dartmuth team's previus findings that higher perfrmers have mre cnsistent daily rutines.
8、What des the underlined wrd “rage” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Traffic.B. Accident.C. Anger.D. Cnstructin.
9、What's the main idea f paragraph 3?
A. The result f the research.B. The prcess f the research.
C. The Subject f the research.D. The limitatin f the research.
10、What can we infer frm the text?
A.Slw wrkers prefer t play dmines.
B.Pin Audia is gd at planning his cmmuting.
C.A bad cmmute can set the tne fr the entire day.
D.Wrkers shuld leave their hmes early t avid traffic jam.
11、What's the finding f the new research?
A.Walking is beneficial t wrkers' health.
B.Physical activity will help avid stress.
C.Higher perfrmers have mre cnsistent daily rutines.
D.Cycling t wrk will prbably bring prductive behaviurs.
Pllutin f the wrld’s rivers frm medicines and pharmaceutical (制药的) prducts pses a “threat t envirnmental and glbal health”, a reprt says.
Varius drugs were widely detected in a University f Yrk study. The research is amng the mst extensive cnducted n a glbal scale. Rivers in Pakistan, Blivia and Ethipia were amng the mst plluted. Rivers in Iceland, Nrway and Amazn Rainfrest were the least plluted.
The impact f many f the mst cmmn pharmaceutical substances in rivers is still largely unknwn. But it is already well established that disslved human cntraceptives(避孕药) can impact the develpment and reprductin f fish, and scientists fear the increased presence f antibitics(抗生素) in rivers culd limit their effectiveness as medicines.
The study tk samples frm mre than 1,000 test sites in mre than 100 cuntries. Overall, mre than a quarter f the 258 rivers sampled had what are knwn as “active pharmaceutical ingredients” present at a level cnsidered unsafe .fr life in water.
“Typically, what happens is, we take these chemicals, they have sme desired effects n us and then they leave ur bdies,” Dr. Jhn Wilkinsn, wh led the research, said. “What we knw nw is that even the mst mdern efficient wastewater treatment plants aren’t cmpletely capable f remving these substances befre they end up in rivers r lakes.”
The mst plluted sites were largely in lw-incme t middle-incme cuntries, and in areas where there was pr wastewater management and pharmaceutical prductin. "This is mst cncerning because yu have the weakest ppulatins with the least access t healthcare expsed t this," said Dr. Mhamed Abdallah frm the UK's Birmingham University.
On the questin f what can be dne, Dr. Wilkinsn suggested, "One f the few things that culd have an effect right nw is the prper use f medicines." That wuld mean making it harder t get hld f medicines like antibitics, and tugher restrictins n dses(剂量).
12、In which cunty were rivers the least plluted?
A. Pakistan.B. Blivia.C. Ethipia.D. Iceland.
13、Hw des the authr supprt his pint in paragraph 4?
A. By listing figures.B. By giving examples.
C. By cmparing different facts.D. By debating and cncluding.
14、What’s Dr. Mhamed Abdallah’s attitude t peple in pr cuntries?
A. Psitive.B. Hateful.C. Wrried.D. Uncncerned.
15、What’s the best title f the text?
A.Hw t Deal with the Pllutin in the Rivers
B.The Prper Use f Medicines such as Antibitics
C.Mst Rivers in the Wrld Have Been Plluted Seriusly
D.Pharmaceutical Prducts Left in Rivers Threaten Creatures and Peple's Health
二、七选五
16、Persistence(坚持) is a ht tpic amng educatin researchers these days and fr gd reasn: It's critical fr success in schl and beynd. Here are five tips fr develping this quality in yur child.
Let them play.
Just like adults, kids tend t wrk harder when they lve what they're ding. What’s the best way t help yur child discver what they're passinate abut? ①______ S if yur child's curisity is inspired by any tpic frm acrbatics (杂技) t zlgy, yu can supprt their interest by ffering additinal expsure t that subject.
Help them practise self-cntrl.
②______ Studies have shwn that higher levels f self-cntrl early in life predict hw well kids d academically, as well as a hst f ther psitive utcmes including adult earnings, savings, and physical health.
Aim high.
Many studies have shwn that kids wrk harder and d better when their teacher has high expectatins fr them. ③______ High achievers wh persevere in the face f challenges tend t cme frm families with high standards fr their academic success and a hme envirnment that supprts learning.
Praise the prcess.
A previus research shws that when children are praised fr their intelligence r talents» they avid challenges. But when children are praised fr hard wrk that paid ff, they are mre likely t seek ut challenges and keep ging when things get tugh. ④______.
Extracurricular help.
Activities utside f regular schl hurs, such as sprts, drama, debate, r music, are a great cntext fr learning hw t wrk hard at smething ver time. Research shws that students wh participate in extracurricular activities get better grades and have higher self- esteem(自尊) , lwer rates f depressin, and lwer drput rates than students wh dn't.
⑤______ Kids wh stick with the same activity fr tw years are mre likely t increase their pssibilities f emplyment sn after cllege.
A. Parental expectatins matter, t.
B. Let them explre freely and widely.
C. They are mre mtivated and successful.
D. Switching frm persn-praise t prcess-praise is easy.
L. Hard gals can help yur child fcus their attentin and wrk harder.
F. Self-cntrl is clsely related t the ability t wrk tward a gal ver time.
G. Kids wh devte ne year t the same activity are mre likely t graduate frm cllege.
三、完形填空（20空）
As she apprached 97, Gwen Ericksn frm Minnesta began raising ne f America's mst ppular, yet endangered, butterflies —the Mnarch. Last year the grandmther 1 t raise 27 butterflies and this year the 2 has gne up t 61.
While sme might say that nature shuld be left t 3 itself, the butterflies' ppulatin is 4 rapidly and is in need f a little extra help. 5 , that lve and devtin is exactly what the 97-year-ld is able t 6 fr her little winged friends.
The whle prcess is a little 7 , beginning with cllecting eggs frm the milkweed leaves that grw in her backyard. Fur days after Ericksn placed the eggs in jars n her living-rm table, the caterpillar(毛毛虫) appeared, and then, within several weeks, frmed a chrysalis(蛹) .A frtnight later the beautiful butterfly 8 . Ericksn then released the butterflies int the wild, but a cuple seemed a little 9 t leave their lving hme and 10 the senir by flying arund the huse.
When 11 her first attempt t raise the butterflies, Ericksn said she hped it culd enable her grandchildren t 12 an interest in these beautiful insects. 13 , it's her wh has fund the pleasure in raising butterflies Ln the end.
Nrmally Ericksn desn't like t talk abut herself and what she des, but she des this time as she wants t 14 thers t care fr this endangered species. Happily a friend and her sn have jined her in her newfund 15 and hpefully we will see a(n) 16 in thse decreasing numbers.
This new 17 , started s late in life, is a fine example f peple 18 the. Smaller things in life. And it 19 us that it's never t late t be 20 in life.
17、A. decidedB. desiredC. managedD. expected
18、A. numberB. sizeC. typeD. variety
19、A. suitB. studyC. feedD. sustain
20、A. agingB. decliningC. increasingD. mving
21、A. RegretfullyB. HpefullyC. ThankfullyD. Unfrtunately
22、A. prvideB. fightC. seekD. charge
23、A. mney-savingB. labur-demandingC. energy-efficientD. time-cnsuming
24、A. sped upB. turned upC. wke upD. grew up
25、A. impatientB. delightedC. nervusD. unwilling
26、A. accmpaniedB. attendedC. greetedD. fllwed
27、A. evaluatingB. analyzingC. recallingD. cnducting
28、A. reviseB. develpC. keepD. express
29、A. TherefreB. MreverC. MeanwhileD. Hwever
30、A. allwB. encurageC. persuadeD. invite
31、A. passinB. businessC. dreamD. wrld
32、A. pprtunityB. resultC. changeD. inspiratin
33、A. hbbyB. habitC. rutineD. exercise
34、A. relying nB. asking frC. calling nD. caring fr
35、A. prmisesB. remindsC. warnsD. cnvinces
36、A. successfulB. generusC. ptimisticD. purpseful
四、短文填空
37、One f the mst imprtant parts f a cllege applicatin fr American high schl students is their list f “extra-curricular activities”. A student might be-a member f a sprts- team r spend time taking part ①________ a schl's theatre prgramme. American high schl students usually finish ②________ (they) cllege applicatin in January. They als visit universities and take tests like the SAT. But this year is different. Because f COVTD-19, they take vide campus turs. Universities that used t talk t pssible students ③________ (persnal) d s by vide call, instead. Alng with ④________ (write) applicatins universities ask students t send a vide ⑤________ (intrduce). Sme Schls ask students t write abut hw the pandemic(流行病) has changed their lives.
One student ⑥________ life has been different is 18-year-ld Bekele. She says she wants t be an engineer and is eager ⑦________ (g) t a university that ffers gd science classes. Attending schl nline ⑧________ (be) hard fr her ver the last 10 mnths, especially in science ⑨________ maths classes that require a lt f help frm teachers. She als misses the supprt f adults at her schl wh can help with cllege applicatin. She is really wrried abut ⑩________ (cmplete) her applicatin.
五、短文改错
38、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Madisn Glinski was very kind. She started t play the vilin when she was 4 year ld. Last, year, Madisn makes a New Year’s reslutin(正式决定) t help pr children. She decided try t raise £500 fr a children's hspital. At the first she just had her vilin case pen fr dnatins. Then she made a sign say that she was ding it fr pr children. After the sign was made, mre and mre generusly peple gave their mney away. Smetimes peple left £20, that was astnishing. Madisn als raised mney by selling his wn tys. Madisn had a special passin fr helping ther. Thugh she had nly a small amunt f mney, Madisn bught lts f tys, shes and clthes fr the pr children n Africa.
六、书面表达
39、假定你是杭州红星中学的高三学生李华。为了让来校交流的美国学生更好地了解中国和中国文化, 你校组织美国学生到京杭大运河的杭州段参观。现在学校招聘导游, 请你用英语写一封信给国际部负责人,应聘这个职位。内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.你的优势；
3.你的期待。
参考词汇：京杭大运河 the Beijing-Hangzhu Grand Canal
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir r Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案
1、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据“Impacting the Envirnment”可知答案。
2、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据“Sea tters get il in their fur. This makes it hard fr them t stay warm.”可知答案。
3、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据“Bms are flating barriers. They are used t stp il frm spreading n the water’s surface.”可知答案。
4、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Magnus Hansn-Heine’s father, Bill Heine, put up the sculpture in 1986 as a prtest against war and nuclear weapns. ”可知, 这座雕塑制作的目的是抗议战争和核武器。
5、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Bill Heine was an American wh studied law at the University f Oxfrd and made the twn his hme.”可知, 比尔•海涅是一个美国人, 他曾在牛津大学学习法律, 并把家安在了这个镇上。由于语篇中没有提及他的职业, 不能确定他是否为律师, 但可以确定他来自美国。
6、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段 “Hansn-Heine nted, the same lcal cuncil that has declared the shark histric and prtected, had spent years seeking its remval”可知, 宣布这座鳘鱼雕像具有历史意义并受到保护的地方议会, 多年来一直在寻求方法把它移走。由此推知, 这是汉森•海浬对当地政府不满的原因之一。
7、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“‘The image f a shark crashing thrugh the hme captured the shck the cmmn peple must feel when bmbs crash int their hmes,’ Magnus Hansn-Heine said.”可知, 马格努 斯•汉森•海涅认为鲨鱼冲进房屋的画面能够让普通百姓体会到炸弹砸进他们家时的震惊感受。
8、答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段“N prductivity expert advcates the benefits f mrning anger and back pain.”中“anger”的提示可知答案。
9、答案：B
解析：段落大意题。第三段主要讲此次研究的过程, 故选B。
10、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段 “The data shwed that a rugh mrning cmmute acts as a first falling dmin, with ill effects felt dwn the line”可知, 数据显示, 早上糟糕的通勤就像是第一个倒下的多米诺骨牌, 对整个过程都会产生不良影响。由此可以推测出：糟糕的通勤状况会为一整天定下基调。
11、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“The researchers fund that cmmutes invlving mre physical activity, such as walking r bicycling, cnnected with less stress and better perfrmance at wrk.”可知, 骑自行车上班可能会使工作效率变高。
12、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Rivers in Iceland, Nrway and Amazn Rainfrest were the least plluted.” 可知答案。
13、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据本段中出现的“1, 000 test sites” “100 cuntries”“258 rivers”等词可以推测出作者是通过列数字的方式来证明自己的观点的。
14、答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据 Dr. Mhamed Abdallah 所说的话“This is mst cncerning because yu have the weakest ppulatins with the least access t healthcare expsed t this”可以得知, Dr Mhamed Abdallah 对于贫穷国家的人们的态度是担忧的。
15、答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲:药品残留威胁水生生物和人类健康。故选D。
16、答案：①-⑤BFACG
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养孩子坚韧、不放弃这种品质的五个技巧。
①B此空前一句讲：帮助你的孩子发现他们热衷于什么的最佳方式是什么？ B项：让他们自由而广泛地探索。B项符合语境, 故选B。
②F根据关键词“self-cntrl”可知此空选F。
③A此空前一句讲:许多研究表明, 当老师对孩子有很高的期望时, 孩子们学习更努力, 表现更好。后一句 提到家庭的作用, 尤其是其中的families和hme。A项：家长们的期望也很重要。A项符合语境, 故选A。
④C此空前一句讲:但是, 当孩子们因努力工作而受到表扬并获得回报时, 他们更有可能寻求挑战, 并在遇到 困难时继续前进。C项：他们更有动力, 更成功。C项符合语境, 故选C。
⑤G根据句式结构可知, 此空选G和后一句构成递进。
17、答案：C
解析：根据下文的“and this year the ______ has gne up t 61”可知, 去年, Gwen Ericksn 成功养活了27只蝴蝶。故此处应填managed。
18、答案：A
解析：根据本空前的“raise 27 butterflies”可知, 此处是说蝴蝶的数量(number)增加到了61只。
19、答案：D
解析：—些人认为应让自然去维持(sustain)其自身的运转, 不应人为地干涉。
20、答案：B
解析：根据文章首句中的“ne f America’s mst ppular, yet endangered, butterflies —the Mnarch”可知, 这种蝴蝶的数量正在迅速减少(declining)。
21、答案：C
解析：值得庆幸的是(Thankfully), 这种爱和奉献正是这位97岁的老人能够给予她的蝴蝶朋友们的。
22、答案：A
解析：参见上题解析。
23、答案：D
解析：根据下文“A frtnight later the beautiful butterfly ______”可知, 整个过程有点耗时(time-cnsuming)。
24、答案：B
解析：根据语境可知, 这里是指毛毛虫最终破“蛹”而出, 化为美丽的蝴蝶。turn up意为“出现”, 符合语境。
25、答案：D
解析：根据下文的“by flying arund the huse”可知, 在Ericksn将她所养的帝王蝶放飞之后, 有一些似乎有 点不愿意(unwilling)离开。
26、答案：A
解析：那些不愿离开的帝王蝶一直绕着Ericksn的房子飞舞, 陪伴着(accmpanied)它们的“恩人”。
27、答案：C
解析：根据本空后的“her first attempt t raise the butterflies”可知, 这里是指 Ericksn 回忆(recalling)她第一次试着去养帝王蝶时的情形。
28、答案：B
解析：根据空后内容可推知, 最初Ericksn试着去养帝王蝶是希望她的孙辈们能够对这一美丽的物种产生(develp)兴趣。
29、答案：D
解析：根据语境可知, 空格前后句在内容上是转折关系, 故此处应填表示转折的Hwever。
30、答案：B
解析：通常Ericksn不喜欢谈论自己和她所做的事情, 但她现在这么做了, 是希望能够鼓励(encurage)其他 人一起来关注这一濒临灭绝的物种。
31、答案：A
解析：此处指她喜欢做的事, 即拯救帝王蝶。
32、答案：C
解析：根据本空前的“hpefully”以及上文的“Last year the grandmther t raise 27 butterflies and this year the ______ has gne up t 61. ”可知, 经过人们的努力拯救, 这一正在急剧减少的物种的数量有望出现变化（change)。
33、答案：A
解析：本空后的“started s late in life”与文章的首句相呼应, 由此可知, 此处指Ericksn养帝王蝶这一爱好 (hbby)。
34、答案：D
解析：这一特殊爱好是人类关爱(caring fr)生活中的小东西的美好事例。
35、答案：B
解析：老太太在九十七岁的高龄还在为拯救帝王蝶这一濒危物种忙碌, 这是有目标的(purpseful)生活的体现。所以, Ericksn的举动也提醒(reminds)我们, 为了目标而努力多晚都不迟。
36、答案：D
解析：参见上题解析。
37、答案：①in②their③persnally④written⑤intrductin⑥whse⑦t g⑧has been⑨and⑩cmpleting
解析：本文是一篇说明文。在美国, 高中生会在一月结束大学申请, 但疫情改变了他们的申请方式。
①in考查介词。take part后有宾语时, 需用介词in。
②their考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰cllege applicatin。
③persnally考查副词。空格中所填词修饰动词talk, 故应填副词形式。
④written考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作定语, 修饰名词applicatins, 意为“书面的”。
⑤intrductin考查词性转换。此处应用名词作宾语, 故填intrductin。
⑥whse考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 此处缺少关系词, 先行词是One student, 关系词在定语从句中 充当定语, 故填whse。
⑦t g考查非谓语动词。be eager t d sth.表示“渴望做某事”。
⑧has been考查时态。根据时间状语“ver the last 10 mnths”可知, 该句应用现在完成时。
⑨and考查连词。此处表示并列关系, 故用连词and。
⑩cmpleting考查非谓语动词。介词后应用动词-ing形式作宾语, 故填cmpleting。
38、答案：
Madisn Glinski was very kind. She started t play the vilin when she was 4 ld. Last, year, Madisn a New Year’s reslutin(正式决定) t help pr children. She decided try t raise £500 fr a children's hspital. At first she just had her vilin case pen fr dnatins. Then she made a sign that she was ding it fr pr children. After the sign was made, mre and mre peple gave their mney away. Smetimes peple left £20, was astnishing. Madisn als raised mney by selling wn tys. Madisn had a special passin fr helping . Thugh she had nly a small amunt f mney, Madisn bught lts f tys, shes and clthes fr the pr children Africa.
解析：（1）考查名词复数。句意：她4岁时开始拉小提琴。year是可数名词，前面有基数词4，应用名词复数形式。故year改为years。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：去年，麦迪逊制定了帮助贫困儿童的新年决心。根据Last year可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故makes改为made。
（3）考查不定式。句意：她决定设法为一家儿童医院筹集500英镑。固定搭配decide t d sth."决定做某事"，不定式作宾语。故decided后加t。
（4）考查介词短语。句意：起初，她只是打开小提琴盒接受捐赠。介词短语at first"起初"，冠词the多余。故删除the。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：然后她做了一个牌子，写着她这样做是为了贫穷的孩子。say与sign是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故say改为saying。
（6）考查形容词。句意：这个牌子制作出来后，越来越多的慷慨的人把钱捐出去。此处修饰名词peple，应用形容词generus"慷慨的"，作定语。故generusly改为generus。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：有时人们会留下20英镑，这让人吃惊。此处是非限定定语从句，关系词指代前面句子陈述的内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限定性定语从句。故that改为which。
（8）考查代词。句意：麦迪逊还通过出售自己的玩具来筹集资金。根据语境可知，Madisn是个女孩，应用代词her。故his改为her。
（9）考查代词。句意：麦迪逊对帮助他人有着特殊的热情。此处表示"其他人"，应用代词thers。故ther改为thers。
（10）考查介词。句意：虽然她只有很少的钱，麦迪逊买了很多玩具，鞋子和衣服在非洲的贫困儿童。此处表示"在非洲"，应用介词in。故n改为in。
39、答案：
Dear Sir r Madam,
I’m Li Hua. Having learned that a tur guide is needed fr the Hangzhu segment f the Grand Canal visit rganized fr exchange students t be familiar with China and Chinese culture, I’m writing t apply fr the psitin. The reasns why I am qualified fr the psitin are as fllws.
First f all, my spken English is very fluent. With a ne-year experience as an exchange student in America, I can cmmunicate well with freigners. What’s mre, I have a lt f knwledge abut the Beijing- Hangzhu Grand Canal, including its cnstructin age, main functins and present state. S, I can give students a mre detailed intrductin t this magnificent canal.
I’d appreciate it if yu culd take my applicatin int accunt. I’m lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：