四川省绵阳市2024届高三上学期第一次诊断性模拟测试英语试卷(含答案)

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一、阅读理解
Wmen are equally respnsible fr the grwth f a free, mdern sciety. Here’s a lk at sme utstanding wmen wh made great cntributins t wrld histry.
Maria Sibylla Merian
Tday, children can explain hw a caterpillar (毛毛虫) turns int a butterfly (蝴蝶). But there was a time when n ne knew this --nt even scientists. Thanks t Maria Sibylla Merian, we knw the truth abut these beautiful winged insects. Merian was fascinated by insects, and she began cllecting, studying, and drawing them when she was as yung as 13. It was thrugh her study f caterpillars that she discvered the truth abut their life cycles.
Beryl Markham
Beryl Markham was quite incredible in nt just aviatin (航空) but several ther industries, including hrse racing. In 1936, at age 33, Markham became the first wman t fly acrss the Atlantic alne frm the east t the west, nnstp. The pilt played a rle in the classic best-selling nvel and film, Out f Africa, and had many bigraphies penned abut her talents and life.
Madam C. J. Walker
Madam C J. Walker develped a cnditin that caused her t lse her hair, and with it, an interest in hair care. She began wrking fr black hair care entrepreneur ( 企业家) Annie Turnb Malne. Eventually, Walker began making and marketing her wn hair care prducts designed fr African-American wmen. Her cmpany develped int the successful Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Cmpany. She is widely recgnized as America’s first black female self-made millinaire.
Hedy Lamarr
Yu might knw Hedy Lamarr frm the silver screen; she starred in many films. But her film career is far frm her nly achievement; she was als a brilliant inventr. In 1942, she received a patent fr an inventin that culd change radi signal frequencies. It paved the way fr much f the wireless technlgy we use tday.
1、Wh had a lt f enthusiasm fr the study f insects?
A. Hedy Lamarr B. Beryl Markham
C. Madam C. J. Walker D. Maria Sibylla Merian
2、What made Madam C. J. Walker begin t fcus n the hair care?
A. Her lsing her hair.
B. A type f hair care prduct.
C. Annie Turnb Malne’s success.
D. Her wish t help African Americans.
3、What is special abut Hedy Lamar?
A. She was the first wman t fly acrss the Atlantic alne.
B. She was bth a film star and an inventr.
C. She was a successful businesswman.
D. She was a best-selling writer.
When Virginia Nrwd was in high schl in the 1940s, her guidance teacher advised her t becme a librarian instead f a physicist. Luckily, she ignred him. “I was always enthusiastic abut mathematical prblems and physics,” said Nrwd. Als, her father, an electrical engineer, was very imprtant t her. By 1972, Nrwd, a Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy graduate and engineer at Hughes Aircraft Cmpany, had designed a vital cmpnent f Landsat 1, the first satellite launched int space t mnitr Earth’s surface. Satellites in the Landsat series still prvide valuable data t scientists wrldwide and Landsat 9 was successfully launched n 27 September, 2021, almst 50 years after the first ne.
Nrwd’s cntributin was the multispectral scanner (多光谱扫描仪) 一a sensr that culd be calibrated while in space t accurately detect red, green, and infrared (红外线的) energy reflected frm Earth and culd transmit (传输) data digitally t researchers n the grund. The scanner enabled scientists t track frest lss, crp prductivity, and the spread f deserts, and t map inaccessible features f Earth’s physical structures such as glaciers and ice sheets. “She cleared the way fr an entire generatin f... Earth bservatin instruments,” says NASA’s Jeffrey Masek, a Landsat prject scientist.
Nrwd’s device was included in the first several satellites launched thrugh the Landsat prgram, a jint effrt by NASA and the US Gelgical Survey. Other satellites have since surpassed the Landsat series in reslutin and scanning abilities, but the cntinuity f the Landsat database ver the decades makes it a gld standard in Earth imaging.
4、What inspired Nrwd t pursue physics?
A. Her interest in the subject.
B. Her father’s jb as a physicist.
C. Her guidance teacher’s advice.
D. Her enthusiasm abut the Landsat prgram.
5、What des the underlined wrd “calibrated” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Detected. B. Described.C. Adjusted. D. Reflected.
6、What is the authr’s attitude twards the Landsat series?
A. Appreciative. B. Cntradictry.C. Dubtful. D. Unclear.
7、Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. A Jint Effrt t Mnitr Earth’s Surface
B. Meet the Landsat Pineer-Virginia Nrwd
C. A Great Cntributin-the Multispectral Scanner
D. Satellites Launched Thrugh the Landsat Prgram
Lndn Mayr Sadiq Khan’s annuncement that all primary schl pupils in the city will receive free schl meals frm September is a welcme mve amid rising fd and energy prices. The £130 millin plan rejects means-testing (经济状况调查) in favr f a universal scheme, which many see as a smart plitical mve and a gd plicy. Universal public services such as this create shared understanding and gain plitical legitimacy, as they enable individuals t live at a reasnable standard.
The current tax and benefit system in the UK leaves millins f children in pverty and hunger, and means-testing is neither fair nr efficient. Parents claiming universal credit in England must have a husehld incme f less than £7,400 t qualify fr free schl meals. An estimated 800,000 children living in pverty d nt get free schl meals due t the eligibility criteria being s restrictive. Anther 200,000 are eligible but have nt accessed them because enrlment is nt autmatic.
The initiative has been welcmed by many fr its ptential t reduce child besity rates and imprve pupil attainment. The Impact n Urban Health thinktank estimates that making free schl meals universal will generate £1.71 in ecnmic and scial benefits fr every £1 invested.
Unfrtunately, the gvernment seems mre interested in ratining access t welfare than helping peple get the supprt they need. Means-testing is ften justified n the grunds that it diverts resurces t the mst needy, but this argument falls apart when thusands f children are ging hungry and struggling t learn at schl.
The mve twards universal free schl meals in Lndn is a step in the right directin and shws an appetite fr experimentatin necessary t flesh ut the future f the pst-Cvid welfare state. While sme parents n higher salaries may benefit, fcusing n this wuld be missing the pint: universal services pay fr themselves. By investing in ur children’s wellbeing and educatin, we create a healthier, mre prsperus sciety fr everyne. It’s time t reject the divisive plitics f means-testing and embrace universal public services that benefit us all.
8、What is the aim f Lndn Mayr Sadiq Khan’s plan?
A. T reduce child besity rates.
B. T imprve pupils’ achievement in primary schls.
C. T help pupils frm pr families handle hunger.
D. T ensure means-testing an access t free schl meals.
9、Why d many peple view the universal scheme as a gd plicy?
A. It creates mre jbs.
B. It benefits individuals.
C. It is a divisive plitics f means-testing.
D. It generates ecnmic and scial benefits.
10、Why is means-testing an inefficient means t address children’s hunger?
A. It runs withut plitical legitimacy.
B. The qualificatin criteria are t restrictive.
C. The argument abut means-testing falls apart.
D. It desn’t include the current tax and benefit system.
11、Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Obstacles t Universal Free Schl Meals in Lndn
B. The Prs and Cns f Means-Testing fr Free Schl Meals
C. A Plan t Prvide Free Schl Meals t Pupils in Lndn
D. The Impact f Universal Public Services n Pverty and Hunger
Ancient Fish Returns t Illinis Waters
The Illinis Department f Natural Resurces is returning a fish called the alligatr gar t the state’s rivers. Sme peple call the fish a “living fssil.” Experts believe the fish first appeared during the Early Cretaceus perid mre than 100 millin years ag.
Randy Sauer is an Illinis state fisheries bilgist. He says the fish disappeared frm the state’s rivers in the 1990s, althugh they have cntinued t d well in suthern states. Sauer says bilgists want t bring the fish back t nrthern rivers “because it is imprtant t have tp predatrs t balance the species belw them,” he said.
Sprt fishermen like t try t catch the alligatr gar. Alligatr gar are the secnd-largest freshwater fish in Nrth America. They can grw as large as 2.7 meters and weigh mre than 136 kilgrams. Sauer says their large size is ne reasn they disappeared in the 1990s. Experts say alligatr gars are “pprtunistic feeders.” This means they will eat almst anything --including small turtles r ducks. They als eat invasive species such as Asian and silver carp.
Sauer hpes the re-intrductin f the alligatr gar will help the state’s effrts t cntrl the carp. Because gar can live up t 60 years, the prgram will cntinue t increase fr many years.
Sauer ntes that female alligatr gars d “nt sexually mature until 11 years, and the male nt till 6 r 7 years.” That means the bilgists will try t raise and release a lt f fish early in the prgram t re-intrduce them.
“We’re prbably ging t stck mre heavily than 10 r 20 years dwn the rad when hpefully these fish will find each ther and start ding the jb n their wn,” Sauer says.
Small devices have been placed in 7,000 f the fish s they can be bserved after they are released int the waterways f Illinis. As it rains and flds, bilgists expect sme f the fish will fllw the rivers int the states f Luisiana and Texas.
12、Why peple call the alligatr gar “living fssil”?
A. They can grw up t 2.7 meters.
B. They can grw up t 136 kilgrams.
C. Their fssil can be fund n earth.
D. They have existed fr ver 100 millin years.
13、Bilgists will bring the alligatr gar back t nrthern rivers in rder t _______.
A. keep the species balance. B. help peple make mre mney.
C. help t prtect the envirnment. D. increase the number f the alligar gar.
14、Accrding t Randy Sauer, alligar gar died ut in nrthern rivers prbably because _______.
A. they ate almst anything. B. they were caught by sprt fishermen.
C. they were very huge in size. D. the rivers were plluted then.
15、What can we learn frm the underlined statement?
A. It will be decades befre these fish prduce yung.
B. There is a lng way t g befre the fish find each ther.
C. 10 r 20 years will be needed t find these fish.
D. These fish can find each ther themselves alng the waterways.
二、七选五
16、Empathy
Last year, researchers frm the University f Michigan reprted that empathy, the ability t understand ther peple, amng cllege students had drpped sharply ver the past 10 years. ①______ Tday, peple spend mre time alne and are less likely t jin grups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed, a c-directr f a teen prgram, has anther explanatin. Turn n the TV, and yu’re shwered with news and reality shws full f peple fighting, cmpeting, and generally treating ne anther with n respect. ②______
There are gd reasns nt t fllw thse bad examples. Humans are scially related by nature. ③______ Researchers have als fund that empathetic teenagers are mre likely t have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure fr lneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is als an indicatin f a gd leader. In fact, Freed says, many tp cmpanies reprt that empathy is ne f the mst imprtant things they lk fr in new managers. ④______ “Academics are imprtant. But if yu dn’t have emtinal intelligence, yu wn’t be as successful in wrk r in yur lve life,” she says.
What’s the best way t up yur EQ? Fr starters, let dwn yur guard and really listen t thers. ⑤______ T really develp empathy, yu’d better vlunteer at a nursing hme r a hspital, jin a club r a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with yur family, r spend time caring fr pets at an animal shelter.
A. Everyne is different, and levels f empathy differ frm persn t persn.
B. That culd be because s many peple have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
C. “One desn’t develp empathy by having a lt f pinins and ding a lt f talking,” Freed says.
D. Humans learn by example—and mst f the examples n it are anything but empathetic.
E. Empathy is a matter f learning hw t understand smene else—bth what they think and hw they feel.
F. Gd scial skills—including empathy—are a kind f “emtinal intelligence” that will help yu succeed in many areas f life.
G. Having relatinships with ther peple is an imprtant part f being human—and having empathy is decisive t thse relatinships.
三、完形填空（20空）
I lve rller casters. If I culd ride rller casters every day fr the rest f my life I wuld die a really 1 man. I will stand in line fr 40minutes just t get n a ride that lasts 30 secnds. Each step that I take brings me clser and clser t my 2 f ging n a ride f a lifetime. The 3 has me skipping arund like a 4 year ld.
But during my first ride there, that kind f thrill turned t abslute 4 when I made it t the frnt. 5 waiting in line I was nw having a secnd thught. Quietly, I negtiated within myself abut my curage t g thrugh with this 6 .
Frm far away it lked 7 but when I was abut t get in the driver’s seat I 8 I frgt my license. After sme self mtivatin I finally made the mve t 9 my seat.
On my way up I culd clearly see the ups and dwns 10 me. T me they were nt nly the rute but als 11 challenges. Sn the track was full f such 12 tunnels that I culd see nly what was behind me but nt in frnt.
13 there were peple arund me with bth f their hands in the 14 while I, knwing that things were ging t get 15 , grasped the handle n my seat. I wuldn’t dare celebrate smething that 16 me.
Just like rller casters, 17 is full f ups and dwns, darkness and light, and is unpredictable when we g thrugh varius 18 situatins. The best thing t d when we meet anything 19 is t lift ur hands and 20 whatever we d.
17、A. ldB. happyC. braveD. unusual
18、A. tensinB. hardshipC. mtivatinD. pprtunity
19、A. excitementB. expectatinC. pleasureD. anxiety
20、A. patienceB. angerC. desireD. fear
21、A. Unless B. Thugh C. After D. Upn
22、A. cmpetitin B. cmmitment C. debate D. experiment
23、A. fun B. small C. nrmal D. mysterius
24、A. regretted B. realized C. pretended D. admitted
25、A. take B. quit C. reserve D. change
26、A. behind B. beneath C. beside D. befre
27、A. mental B. Intellectual C. technical D. envirnmental
28、A. narrw B. dark C. lng D. rundabut
29、A. Unluckily B. Oddly C. Nervusly D. Disappintingly
30、A. glves B. pckets C. air D. seat
31、A. vague B. strange C. bring D. rugh
32、A. cnfused B. astnished C. annyed D. terrified
33、A. Life B. Entertainment C. dream D. ride
34、A. scial B. unexpected C. serius D. general
35、A. Uncertain B. Uncmfrtable C. challenging D. exciting
36、A. evaluate B. cmplete C. adre D. Enjy
四、短文填空
37、This “dazzling” animatin, Suzume (铃芽之旅), frm Japanese directr Makt Shinkai has already becme ①_______ bx-ffice hit arund the wrld, and deservedly s. An uncnventinal “teen rmance”, it fllws Suzume, a 16-year-ld ②_______ mther was killed in an earthquake sme years ag. One day when she ③_______ (cycle) t schl, she bumps int a handsme student named Suta, wh turns ut t be a “Clser” — a persn ④_______ (charge) with “clsing drs t anther wrld”. When “a Ginrmus, city-destrying wrm” escapes frm that ther wrld. Suta and Suzume must jin frces t stp it. “There is a tuch f Stranger Things” t this “rich” tale, which mines the “trauma felt by the yung ⑤_______ (fllw) Japan’s 2011 earthquake and tsunami”; and the result is “extrardinary enugh t appeal ⑥_______ even nn-anime fans”. The film has rather a lt f chase sequences which becme “repetitive”; but it has real merit. With its “stark warnings abut the real risk f eclgical disaster”, Suzume is a “pwerful cming-f-age tale ⑦_______ plucks at the heartstrings” while delivering sme real laughs alng the way. It is beautiful t lk at t. An “epic adventure abut hrmne-fuelled teenagers facing up t ⑧_______ (envirnment) destructin”, the film is smetimes a “little t wrthy fr its wn gd”. Still, it has “bundless ambitin, and the curage ⑨_______ (place) weighty issues ⑩_______ the heart f a kids’ film”.
五、短文改错
38、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
One day, I saw a picture which a gldfish was jumping ut f a small tank in a large ne nearby that std fr dreams. The message cnveyed was clear: try ur best t bathe us in the brilliance f ur dreams. We must have dreams, ur lives will be pintless. S everyne f us shuld take actins t translate ur dreams int reality. First f all, hwever difficulties we’ll meet, we shuld have the curage t vercme them. Besides, we need t make thrugh plans and fully preparatins s that we wn’t be t frighten t take advantage f them when pprtunities will cme. In shrt, set a gal and fight fr it.
六、书面表达
39、假定你是李华，你校将以“保护海洋安全·抵制核废水排海”为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.现状；
2.重要性；
3.你的措施和倡议。
参考词汇：核废水（nuclear waste） 海洋的（marine）
注意：
1.词数100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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参考答案
1、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Maria Sibylla Merian 部分中的“Merian was fascinated by insects,and shebegan cllecting, studying, and drawing them when she was as yung as 13.（梅里安对昆虫非常着迷，她在13岁时就开始收集、研究和绘制昆虫。）”可知，Maria Sibylla Merian 酷爱研究昆虫。故选D。
2、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据Madam CJ. Walker 部分中的“Madam C.J. Walker develped a cnditinthat caused her t lse her hair, and with it, an interest in hair care.（C.J.沃克夫人患上了一种疾病，导致她失去了头发，同时也使她对护发产生了兴趣。）”可知，Madam C.J. Walker 掉发严重，因此对护发产生了兴趣。故选A。
3、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Hedy Lamarr 部分中的“But her film career is far frm her nly achievement.she was als a brilliant inventr（. 但她的电影生涯远不是她唯一的成就。她也是一位杰出的发明家。）”可知，Hedy Lamarr 不仅是电影明星而且是发明家。故选B。
4、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段““I was always enthusiastic abut mathematical prblems and physics, ” said Nrwd.(诺伍德说：“我一直热衷于数学问题和物理学。”)”可知，诺伍德致力于物理学是因为她对这一学科的热爱。故选A。
5、答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“Nrwd’s cntributin was the multispectral scanner (多光谱扫描仪) 一a sensr that culd be calibrated while in space t accurately detect red, green, and infrared (红外线的) energy reflected frm Earth and culd transmit (传输) data digitally t researchers n the grund.(诺伍德的贡献是多光谱扫描仪——一种可以在太空中calibrated的传感器，可以准确检测从地球反射的红色、绿色和红外能量，并可以将数据以数字方式传输给地面研究人员)”可知，多光谱扫描仪可以准确检测从地球反射的红色、绿色和红外能量，推测它是可以在太空中进行校准的传感器，划线单词表示“校准”，与Adjusted 同义。故选C。
6、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Satellites in the Landsat series still prvide valuable data t scientists wrldwide and Landsat 9 was successfully launched n 27 September, 2021, almst 50 years after the first ne.(陆地卫星系列中的卫星仍然为世界各地的科学家提供有价值的数据，陆地卫星9 号于2021 年9月27 日成功发射，距离第一次发射已经过去了近50 年)”以及最后一段“Other satellites have since surpassed the Landsat series in reslutin and scanning abilities, but the cntinuity f the Landsat database ver the decades makes it a gld standard in Earth imaging.(此后，其他卫星的分辨率和扫描能力都超过了陆地卫星系列，但几十年来陆地卫星数据库的连续性使其成为地球成像的黄金标准)”可知，陆地卫星系列中的卫星仍然为世界各地的科学家提供有价值的数据，几十年来陆地卫星数据库的连续性使其成为地球成像的黄金标准，可推知，作者对于陆地卫星系列持有赞赏的态度。故选A。
7、答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“When Virginia Nrwd was in high schl in the 1940s, her guidance teacher advised her t becme a librarian instead f a physicist. Luckily, she ignred him.(20 世纪40 年代，弗吉尼亚·诺伍德上高中时，她的指导老师建议她成为一名图书管理员，而不是物理学家。幸运的是，她没有理会他)”、第二段“Nrwd’s cntributin was the multispectral scanner (诺伍德的贡献是多光谱扫描仪)”以及第三段“Nrwd’s device was included in the first several satellites launched thrugh the Landsat prgram, a jint effrt by NASA and the US Gelgical Survey.(诺伍德的设备被包括在美国国家航空航天局和美国地质调查局联合通过陆地卫星计划发射的首批几颗卫星中)”可知，本文主要介绍了陆地卫星计划的先驱者Virginia Nrwd 的事迹，所以“认识陆地卫星先驱者Virginia Nrwd”可以作为文章标题。故选B。
8、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“The £130 millin plan rejects means-testing(经济状况调查)in favr f a universal scheme, which many see as a smart plitical mve and a gd plicy.(这项耗资1.3 亿英镑的计划拒绝了经济状况调查，转而采用普遍计划，许多人认为这是一个明智的政治举措和一项好政策。)”及第二段中“The current tax and benefit system in the UK leaves millins f children in pverty and hunger, and means-testing is neither fair nr efficient. (英国目前的税收和福利制度使数百万儿童处于贫困和饥饿之中，经济状况调查既不公平也不有效。)”可知，伦敦市长Sadiq Khan 计划从九月份开始为伦敦市的小学生提供免费校餐，这个计划被认为是一项应对食品和能源价格上涨的明智的改革措施，帮助来自贫困家庭的小学生应对饥饿，故选C 项。
9、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Universal public services such as this create shared understanding and gain plitical legitimacy, as they enable individuals t live at a reasnable standard.(诸如此类的普遍公共服务创造了共识并获得政治合法性，因为它们使个人能够以合理的标准生活。)”及最后一段中“By investing in ur children’s well-being and educatin, we create a healthier, mre prsperus sciety fr everyne.(通过投资于儿童的福祉和教育，我们为每个人创造了一个更健康、更繁荣的社会。)”可知，很多人认为免费校餐计划是明智的政策，因为它将人们的生活标准控制在合理范围内，对儿童福利和教育的投资也为大家创造了一个更健康、更繁荣的社会，即使民众受益，故选B项。
10、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“An estimated 800,000 children living in pverty d nt get free schl meals due t the eligibility criteria being s restrictive. Anther 200,000 are eligible but have nt accessed them because enrlment is nt autmatic.(估计有80 万贫困儿童由于资格标准如此严格而无法获得免费校餐。另有200000 人有资格，但由于注册不是自动的，因此尚未获得它们。)”可知，经济状况调查由于资格标准过于严格，使大约80 万左右生活贫困的儿童无法获得免费校餐，另有20 万儿童有资格但也不能获得免费校餐，因为入学没有自动登记，故选B 项。
11、答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了伦敦市长从九月开始将为所有小学生提供免费校餐的改革计划，并且解释了该计划的理由及其潜在的好处，故选C 项。
12、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Sme peple call the fish a “living fssil." Experts believe the fish first appeared during the Early Cretaceus perid mre than 100 millin years ag.(有人称这种鱼为‘活化石’。专家认为，这种鱼最早出现在1 亿多年前的白垩纪早期)”可知。这种鳄鱼已经存在了一亿多年，故选D。
13、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“bilgists want t bring the fish back t nrthern rivers ‘because it is imprtant t have tp predatrs (捕食者)t balance the species belw them’(生物学家希望把这些鱼带回北部河流，‘因为拥有顶级捕食者来平衡它们下面的物种是很重要的’)”可知，生物学家希望把这些鱼带回北部河流的目的是保持物种的平衡。故选A。
14、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Sauer says their large size is ne reasn they disappeared in the 1990s( Sauer 说，鳄鱼的体型很大是它们在20 世纪90 年代消失的原因之一)”可知鳄鱼在北部河流灭绝的原因是它们太大了。故选C。
15、答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线的上文“Sauer ntes that female alligatr gars d "nt sexually mature until 11 years, and the male nt till 6 r 7 years .That means the bilgists will try t raise and release a lt f fish early in the prgram t reintrduce them.(因为短吻鳄可以活到60 岁，所以这个项目将持续增加很多年。Sauer 指出，雌性短吻鳄“11 岁才会性成熟，而雄性则是六到七岁。” 这意味着，生物学家们将在项目早期培养和放生很多鱼用于重新引进这一物种)”可推断出这种小鳄鱼要很多年才能孕育下一代。因此划线句子“We're prbably ging t stck (储备)mre heavily than 10 r 20 years dwn the rad when hpefulIy these fish will find each ther and start ding the jb n their wn ”是指“我们可能会在未来的10 到20 年里囤积更多的鱼，希望这些鱼能找到彼此，自己完成使命”Sauer 说。由此可知，划线句子是指这些鱼类需要10 到20 年才能够自己完成孕育下一代的任务。故选A。
16、答案：①-⑤BDGFC
解析：本文是议论文。文章指出现在人们的同理心在急剧下降，分析了下降的原因并讲述了同理心的重要性和如何培养同理心。
①考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：在过去的十年里在大学生中理解他人的能力在急剧下降；空后的意思是：今天人们花更多的时间单独相处而很少参加社团。B 项（研究者说，那可能是因为许多人用视频代替了面聊。）与上下文一致，说明了原因。故选B。
②考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：打开电视机你看到的都是一些人互相竞争，互相争斗，没有互相尊重；所以D 项（人们通过这些例子学习——大多数这些例子什么都有就是没有同理心）是对上文的总结。故选D。
③考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：人类是和自然密切相关的。空后的意思是：研究者发现有同理心的青少年会有更高的自我尊重。G 项（和其他人保持关系是成为人的很重要的一部分，拥有同理心对那些关系很重要。）与上下文一致。故选G。
④考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：实际上，Freed 说许多顶级公司报告说同理心也是他们寻找经理的一个重要的部分。F 项（好的社会技能包括同理心，这种情感智力能使你在生活的许多方面都取得很大的成功。）是对上文的说明。故选F。
⑤考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：对于初学者来说，放下防护，倾听他人。下文是发展同理心的具体做法，C 项（一个人不会因为有很多观点，说了很多话而产生同理心。）与上下文一致。故选C。
17、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我能在余生中每天都坐过山车，我会死得很开心。A. ld 老的；B. happy 高兴的，幸福的；C. brave 勇敢的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据上文“I lve rller casters.”可知，作者喜欢坐过山车，因此觉得如果每天都能坐过山车的愿望实现的话，死都会开心。故选B。
18、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我迈出的每一步都让我离踏上一生都坐过山车的机会越来越近。A.tensin 紧张；B. hardship 艰苦；C. mtivatin 动力；D. pprtunity 机会，机遇。根据“ging n a ride f a lifetime”可知，此处是指终身坐过山车的机会。故选D。
19、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种兴奋让我像一个4 岁的孩子一样蹦蹦跳跳。A. excitement 兴奋；B. expectatin 期望；C. pleasure 高兴；D. anxiety 焦急。根据“skipping arund like a 4 year ld”可知，此处应是兴奋。故选A。
20、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在我第一次去那里时，当我走到前面时，那种兴奋变成了绝对的恐惧。A. patience 耐心；B. anger 生气；C. desire 渴望；D. fear 害怕。与前文的thrill 刺激相对应，作者应该是感到害怕。故选D。
21、答案：C
解析：考查连词和介词词义辨析。句意：在排队等候之后，我正在重新考虑。A. Unless 除非；B. Thugh虽然；C. After 在……之后；D. Upn 在……之上。结合常识“重新考虑”发生在“排队”之后，故选C。
22、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：悄悄地，我在心里商量着我有勇气履行这一承诺。A. cmpetitin 比赛；B. cmmitment 保证，承诺；C. debate 讨论。D.experiment 实验。根据“I negtiated within myself ”可知，此时作者自己在给自己一份承诺，一份保证。故选B。
23、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从远处看，这很有趣，但当我正要坐上驾驶座时，我假装忘记了我的许可证。A. fun 有趣的；B. small 小的；C. nrmal正常的；D. mysterius 秘密的。根据前文“I lve rller casters.”可知，作者喜爱这种过山车，应是看着有趣。故选A。
24、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. regretted 遗憾，后悔；B. realized 意识到；C. pretended 假装；D. admitted 承认。根据下文“frgt my license”推知，作者假装忘了乘坐过山车的许可证。故选C。
25、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过一番自我激励，我终于决定坐下来。A. take 乘坐；B. quit 放弃；C.reserve 预定，保留；D. change 改变。take ne’s seat坐下。根据下文“On my way up I culd clearly see the ups and dwns”可知，作者在进行一番自我激励后，坐到了自己的座位上。故选A。
26、答案：D
解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：在我上升的路上，我可以清楚地看到眼前的起伏。A. behind 在……之后；B. beneath 在……之下；C. beside 在……旁边；D. befre 在……之前。结合常识可知，坐过山车看到的是眼前的情况。故选D。
27、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这不仅是路线，也是精神上的挑战。A. mental 心理的，精神的；B. intellectual 智力的；C. technical 技术的；D. envirnmental 环境的。根据下文“Sn the track was full f such ___12_____tunnels that I culd see nly what was behind me but nt in frnt.”可知，这对作者来说还有心理上的挑战。故选A。
28、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，车道上布满了如此黑暗的隧道，我只能看到身后的东西，而看不到前方。A. narrw 窄的；B. dark 黑暗的；C. lng长的；D. rundabut 迂回的，兜圈子的。根据下文“I culd see nly what was behind me but nt in frnt.”可知，隧道里是黑暗的。故选B。
29、答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我周围有人双手举在空中，而我知道事情会变得很糟，于是抓住了我座位上的把手。A. Unluckily 不幸地；B.Oddly 怪异地，反常地；C. Nervusly 紧张地；D.Disappintingly 感到失望地。对比下文作者紧紧抓住座位上的把手，他/她认为别人双手举在空中很奇怪。故选B。
30、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. glves 手套；B. pckets 口袋；C. air 空气；D. seat 座位。与作者坐在座位上紧紧抓住把手相比，人们只是在空中乱抓。故选C。
31、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同13 小题。A. vague模糊不清的；B. strange 奇怪的；C. bring 令人厌烦的；D. rugh 粗糙的，不平静的，艰苦的，困难的。根据“grasped the handle n my seat”推知，作者认为事情会变得糟糕。get tugh 变得糟糕。故选D。
32、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不敢庆祝让我害怕的事情。A. cnfused 混淆不清；B. astnished使……震惊；C. annyed 使……感到厌烦；D.terrified 使……感到害怕。呼应前文的dare，此处指让作者感到害怕的事情。故选D。
33、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像过山车一样，生活充满了起伏、黑暗和光明，当我们经历各种意想不到的情况时，生活是不可预测的。A. life 生命，生活；B. entertainment 娱乐；C. dream 梦想；D. ride骑车。根据“full f ups and dwns, darkness and light, and is unpredictable when we g thrugh varius __18______ situatins. The best thing t d when we meet anything ____19____ is t lift ur hands and____20____ whatever we d.”可知，此处陈述作者从过山车的经历中得到人生哲理。故选A。
34、答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. scial 社会的，社交的；B. unexpected 预想不到的；C. serius严肃的，认真的；D. general 大体的，笼统的。根据“darkness and light, and is unpredictable”可知，是不可预料的事情。故选B。
35、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们遇到任何挑战时，最好的办法就是举起双手，享受我们所做的一切。A. uncertain 不确定的；B. uncmfrtable不舒服的；C. challenging 具有挑战性的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。与前文的challenge 相对应，此处指任何有挑战的事情。故选C。
36、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. evaluate 估计，评价；B. cmplete 完成；C. adre 热爱，爱慕；D. enjy喜欢，享受。结合自己坐过山车的经历，此处作者鼓励人们学会享受刺激与挑战。故选D。
37、答案：①a②whse③is cycling④charged⑤fllwing⑥t⑦that/which⑧envirnmental⑨t place⑩at
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电影《铃芽之旅》世界范围票房大卖，讲述了电影概况以及想要表达的思想。
①考查冠词。句意：来自日本导演Makt Shinkai的“耀眼”动画——《铃芽之旅》世界范围票房大卖，这是理所当然的。hit 为泛指，且bx-ffice 是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
②考查定语从句。句意：这部非传统的“青少年罗曼史”讲述了16 岁的苏梅的故事，她的母亲几年前在一场地震中丧生。限制性定语从句修饰先行词
Suzume, a 16-year-ld，先行词与从句主语mther 之间是所属关系，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whse。故填whse。
③考查时态。句意：一天，当她骑自行车去学校的时候，她遇到了一个名叫Suta 的英俊学生，他原来是一个“关闭者”——一个负责“关闭另一个世界的门”的人。该空是从句谓语动词，动作cycle 是由she发出，She 和cycle 是主动关系，后文主句谓语bumps用的是一般现在时，该空表正在进行的动作，因此
这里要用现在进行时。故填is cycling。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，当她骑自行车去学校的时候，她遇到了一个名叫Suta 的英俊学生，他原来是一个“关闭者”——一个负责“关闭另一个世界的门”的人。分析句子结构可知，逻辑主语persn 和非谓语动词charge (赋予……职责或任务)之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填charged。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：这个“丰富”的故事“有点《怪奇物语》的味道”，挖掘了“2011 年日本地震和海啸后的年轻人所感受到的创伤”；结果是“非凡到足以吸引非动漫迷”。分析句子结构可知，逻辑主语The yung 和非谓语动词fllw 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填fllwing。
⑥考查固定短语。句意：这个“丰富”的故事“有点《怪奇物语》的味道”，挖掘了“2011 年日本地震和海啸后的年轻人所感受到的创伤”；结果是“非凡到足以吸引非动漫迷”。短语appeal t 表示“吸引”。故填t。
⑦考查定语从句。句意：《铃芽之旅》“对生态灾难的真实风险提出了严厉的警告”，是一部“扣人心弦的强大成长故事”，同时也给观众带来了一些真正的笑声。限制性定语从句修饰先行词tale，先行词指物，关系词在从句作主语，故用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
⑧考查形容词。句意：这部电影是一部“关于荷尔蒙刺激的青少年面对环境破坏的史诗般的冒险”，有时“有点太值得了”。修饰名词destructin 用形容词envirnmental 作定语。故填envirnmental。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管如此，它仍有“无限的野心，以及将重大问题置于儿童电影核心的勇气”。place 用不定式形式作名词curage 的后置定语。故填t place。
⑩考查介词短语。句意：尽管如此，它仍有“无限的野心，以及将重大问题置于儿童电影核心的勇气”。at the heart f 表示“在……的核心或在……的心中”。故填at。
38、答案：
One day, I saw a picture / a gldfish was jumping ut f a small tank a large ne nearby that std fr dreams. The message cnveyed clear: try ur best t bathe in the brilliance f ur dreams. We must have dreams, ur lives will be pintless. S everyne f us shuld take t translate ur dreams int reality. First f all, difficulties we’ll meet, we shuld have the curage t vercme them. Besides, we need t make thrugh plans and preparatins s that we wn’t be t t take advantage f them when pprtunities cme. In shrt, set a gal and fight fr it.
解析：1.考查定语从句。句意：有一天，我看到一幅画，一条金鱼从一个小鱼缸里跳出来，旁边是一个代表梦想的大鱼缸。分析句子可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，应使用关系副词，先行词picture 表地点，所以使用关系副词where，也可以使用“介词+which”替代关系副词where，结合句意，此处表示“在画里”，因此介词应使用in。故将which 改为where 或在which 前加in。
2.考查介词。句意：有一天，我看到一幅画，一条金鱼从一个小鱼缸里跳出来，旁边是一个代表梦想的大鱼缸。分析句子可知，此处指的是“跳进”一个大鱼缸里，所以应为介词int。故将in 改为int。
3.考查谓语动词。句意：传达的信息很明确:尽我们最大的努力让我们沐浴在梦想的光辉中。分析句意可知，此处讲述的是图画代表的意义，应为客观事实，所以使用一般现在时。故将was 改为is。
4.考查代词。句意：传达的信息很明确:尽我们最大的努力让我们沐浴在梦想的光辉中。分析句子可知，此处表达的是“尽我们最大努力，让我们自己沐浴在梦想光辉中”，由此可知，此处应为反身代词表示“我们自己”。故将us 改为urselves。
5.考查并列连词。句意：我们必须有梦想，否则我们的生活将毫无意义。分析句子可知，两个句子需要一个连词连接，结合句意，此处表示“否则，要不然”的意思。故在ur lives 前加r 或者therwise。
6.考查名词。句意：所以我们每个人都应该采取行动，把我们的梦想变成现实。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语take actin t d sth.意为“釆取行动做某事”。故将actins 改为actin。
7.考查让步状语从句。句意：首先，无论我们遇到什么困难，我们都应该有勇气去克服它们。分析句子可知，此处为让步状语从句，名词前应使用whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么固难”。故将hwever 改为whatever。
8.考查形容词。句意：此外，我们需要做周密的计划和充分的准备，这样当机会来临时，我们就不会太害怕而不能利用它们。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词preparatins，不能使用副词fully。故将fully 改为full。
9.考查形容词。句意：此外，我们需要做周密的计划和充分的准备，这样当机会来临时，我们就不会太害怕而不能利用它们。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词作表语，结合句意，此处表示“害怕的”。故将frighten 改为frightened。
10.考查动词时态。句意：此外，我们需要做周密的计划和充分的准备，这样当机会来临时，我们就不会太害怕而不能利用它们。分析句子可知，状语从句中的谓语动词wn’t be 为一般将来时态时，对应的时间状语从句应为一般现在时表将来。故删除will。
39、答案：
Nuclear waste is being discharged[v.放电；排放；履行（职责、义务等）；解雇；结束] int the cean, psing a serius threat t marine safety and the envirnment.
T address this issue, several measures and initiatives are prpsed. Firstly, public awareness shuld be raised abut the dangers f nuclear waste dispsal in the cean and theneed fr sustainable slutins. Secndly, gvernments and internatinal rganizatins shuld wrk tgether t establish strict regulatins and penalties[v.惩罚] fr cmpanies and individu-als wh vilate these regulatins. Finally, investment shuld be made in research and develpment f safe and envirnmentally friendly methds fr dispsing f nuclear waste.
Cllective actin is required t ensure a sustainable future fr ur planet and its inhabitants.
解析：