小升初语法复习英语时态概述Tenses课件PPT

这是一份小升初语法复习英语时态概述Tenses课件PPT，共4页。PPT课件主要包含了一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，一般将来时，过去将来时，现在完成时，巧解现在完成时态题，趁热打铁，过去完成时等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时
一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, ften, smetimes, every week (day, year, mnth…), nce a week, n Sundays
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+nt;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dn't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用desn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词d提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用des提问，同时，还原行为动词。
①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。②表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。③表示客观的事实或真理。④表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是g, cme, leave, arrive, begin, start, take ff, stp, be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）⑤在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。（主将从现）
当主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用动词原形。
动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
1. He______(be, am, is, are) a teacher at N. 2 Middle Schl.2. He______(have, has) classes in the afternn.3. He______(get, gets) up at half past six every mrning.4. He always _____(cme, cmes ) t schl n time.5. He ______(study, studies) very hard at his lessn.6. One and tw _____(be, is, are) three.7. Blue and yellw _____(make, makes) green.8. The earth _____(mve, mves) rund the sun.9. I will g there if I ____( be, will be, am, is, are) free tmrrw.
10. I will g there when I _____(have, will have, has) time tmrrw.11. He wn’t cme t the party unless he _____(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.12. I’ll wait here until my mther ____(cme, cmes, will cme) back.13. Please return the bk t the library as sn as yu ______(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.14. Once yu _____(see, sees, will see) him, yu will never frget him.
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ag, yesterday, the day befre yesterday, last week(year, night, mnth…), in 1989, just nw, at the age f 5, ne day, lng lng ag, nce upn a time
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+nt;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词d的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
1. He____(be, was, were, been) here a mment ag.2. They ____(be, was, were, been) here just nw.3. The scientists _____(leave, leaves, leaved, left) fr America yesterday.4. Last week we ______(visit, visited ) the Science Museum.5. When I was a child, I ften ____(play, played) ftball.6. The students ran ut f the classrm as sn as the bell ____(ring, rang, rung).
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：nw, at this time, these days, lk. listen等时间状语做标志。
3.基本结构：主语+be +ding +其他4.否定形式：主语+be +nt +ding+其他5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6. 用法：现在进行时表示1)、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。 E.g. He is reading . They are talking nw.2)、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are wrking these days.3)、 某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am cming.
现在分词的变法有1)、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump2)、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write3)、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put 其句式变换都在be上做文章。
1.I ____(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter , it _____(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) t ____(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the Medical Institute f Chengde these _____(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lessn at this time.
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.基本结构 主语+was/were +ding +其他 4.否定形式：主语+was/were + nt +ding+其他 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写） 其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。
过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at nn yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。
1.I _____(ck, cked, was cking, were cking) breakfast when yu ____yu_____( d, did, , were…ding) at this time yesterday evening?3.We_____(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the drbell When/ As we____( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the drbell rang.
时间状语：tmrrw, next day(week, mnth, year…),sn, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tmrrw
构成:①will/shall+动词原形，其中shall只用于第一人称。②be ging t +动词原形，表示主观打算，按计划，安排要发生的事情。
构成: ③be t +动词原形，表示客观安排 ④ be abut t +不定式，意为马上要做某事，正要做某事。⑤某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如cme, g, arrive, leave。⑥在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。⑦一般现在时可表示按时间表发生的将来的动作(限start, begin, arrive, end, clse, leave---等表示开始或移动意义的词)
否定形式：1.主语+am/is/are nt ging t +动词原形+其他 ；2.主语+will/shall nt +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句：1.be动词放于句首；2.will/shall提到句首。
1 _____yu ____a dctr when yu grw up?A Will; ging t be B Are; ging t be C Are; / D Will; be2 I dn’t knw if his uncle _____. I think he _____ if it desn’t rain.A will cme; cmes B will cme; will cme C cmes; cmes D cmes; will cme3 He will be back _____a few minutes. A with B fr C n D in4 What time _____we meet at the gate tmrrw? A will B shall C d D are5 He will have a hliday as sn as he _____the wrk next week.A finishes B desn’t finish C will finish D wn’t finish
6 There _____sme shwers this afternn. A will be B will have C is ging t be D are ging t have 7 It ____my brther’s birthday tmrrw. She _____a party.A is ging t be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is ging t have D will have; is ging t be8 Li Ming is 10 years ld nw, next year he _____11. A is B is ging t be C will be D will t be
构成：（wuld + 动词原形，或将来时的其它过去构成形式was ging t d……）表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在宾语从句及间接引语中，时态呼应，经常会用到过去将来时。如I thught it was ging t be fun. 时间状语：---sn/the next day---that-clause(名词性从句或上下文中---)
1.I tld my friend that I ____ (shuld/ wuld arrive, shall/ will arrive) lked at thse cluds ver the sky. It____(is ging t rain, was ging t rain) said that they ____(are t meet, were t meet) at the gate the next _____(are abut t g, were abut t g) ut when it started t rain.
1.概念：表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时（间）, fr+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。2.时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, s far, by nw, since+时间点，fr+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他
4.否定形式：主语+have/has + nt +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：have/has+主语 +p.p（过去分词）+其他?
非延续性动词和延续性动词     非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有cme, g, arrive, leave, begin, start,  buy, jin, die, buy, find, stp, becme, pen, brrw, lend, appear, clse, fall, finish, sell, lse, kill等，这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 但是，非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续，可与fr/since等时间状语连用。
有些同学错误地认为这类非延续性动词不能用于完成时态中。其实，错误的本质在于非延续性动词与时间段的错误搭配，与现在完成时态无关。
延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用     在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：  He has fallen asleep fr an hur.他睡了一小时了。（×）  His father has died fr three years.他父亲去世三年了。（×） 当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：
（1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如：     He has been asleep fr an hur. （fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。）     His father has been dead fr three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。）
常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：     g there—be there, cme back—be back, brrw—keep, buy/catch—have, arrive—be in, begin—be n, pen—be pen, clse—be clsed, die—be dead, leave—be away frm, get up—be up, fall asleep—be asleep, becme—be, jin—be in/a member f, receive—have, catch/get a cld—have a cld, get married—be married，cme → be in，finish → be ver， leaver → be away
have （has）been 和have （has） gne 的区别     have been t a place意思是“到过、去过”，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；have gne t a place表示“去了”，已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已经到那儿了。
Yu have _____ a tall yung man. A grwn B grwn int C grwn us D grwn up2. He has ____ the watch fr a year. A buy B bught C have D had3. Has yur brther _____ the dg? A kept in B fed C fed n D kept n4. I _____this bk fr tw weeks, I have t return it nw.A brrwed B have brrwed C kept D have kept5. Have yu ever _____t the Great Wall? It's very beautiful. A gne B been C went D g 6. Her brther _____the Party since 1978. A jined B has jined C has been in D was in 7. The Greens _____many places f interest since they came t China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit
8 I'm srry, I ____ yur name. A had frgtten B frgt C have frgtten D frgtten9 The bkshp _____ fr eight years. A has been pen B has been pened C has pened D has pen10 We have_____ all the paper s we need t buy sme.A used up B made f C filled with D hunted fr11 The flwer I ____grwn up. A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted
技巧1:寻找现在完成时中的“段时间”。(1) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用:fr+一段时间;since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时) 。(2) 现在完成时态也用在含有during / in/ ver the last years或in recent years等的句子中。
1. The Oriental Pearl TV Twer _______ tens f thusands f visitrs since 1995. attracted    B. attracts  C. has attracted   D. will attract  2. —Hw lng _______ yu _____ here?     —Fr abut tw years s far. have, studied   B. did, live  C. d, stay         D. were, swimming 3. —Hw is yur father? I __him fr a lng time.    —He is fine, but busy.dn’t see    B. hadn’t seen C. didn’t see    D. haven’t seen 4. Meimei has received several letters frm her hmetwn since she _______ t the city.  A. came   B. cmes  C. has cme  D. will cme   
技巧2:寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。(1) 在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, befre, (ever) since等。(2) 句型:It has been + 段时间+since + 过去时. 也可以表示为: It is + 段时间+since + 过去时. 
趁热打铁—What are yu ging t d this weekend?     —I _______ yet. haven’t decided   B. wn’t decide C. have decided    D. didn’t decide 2. My mther _______ the windws already, s the rm lks much brighter. has cleaned   B. had cleaned C. is cleaning      D. will clean 3. It ____ ten years since we last _____ in Beijing. was, met       B. has been, met  C. was, meet        D. is, meet 4. —Hw lng has the weather been like this?     —_______. Until last night   B. Ever since last night C. Tw days ag   D. Tw days later
技巧3:把握have been t与have gne t的区别。       have been t 曾经去过某处(现在已经不在那个地方,强调以前的经历)have gne t去了某处(强调主语已经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回来)  
1. —Is that Jack speaking?     —Srry, he isn’t in right nw. He _______ the cinema with his aunt. has been t       B. has gne t C. have been t      D. have gne t 2. —Hell, may I speak t yur father, please?     —Srry, my father _______ t Shanghai. He went there this mrning. A. ges     B. has gne   C. has been D. g 3. —Hw many times _______ yu _______ t Beijing this year?     —Three times. have, been       B. had, been C. have, gne        D. had gne
技巧4:分清延续性动词和非延续性动词。延续性动词是指那些动作可以持续的动词。如:have, keep, study, live, teach等。非延续性动词是指那些动作瞬间完成的动词。如:begin, buy, brrw, lend等。做题时,要注意句中是否有段时间,如果有则用延续性动词。
1. —Oh, Mrs. King, yur dress lks nice. Is it new?     —N, I _______ it since tw years ag.  had     B. bught   C. have had   D. have bught2. Tm _______ the CD player fr tw weeks. has lent     B. has brrwed C. has bught   D. has had 3. —Hw lng has the freigner _______ here?     —He has _______ here fr several hurs.  arrived; cme   B. cme; gt C. stayed; been    D. left; been away 4. The film _______ fr half an hur. has begun     B. has been begun C. has been n   D. began 
过去完成时 1、概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。------|----------- |----------|--------> 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 　　2、构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 　　They had already had breakfast befre they arrived at the htel. 　　She had finished writing the cmpsitin by 10 ：00 this mrning.
3、它的否定句是在had后边加nt，变一般疑问句是把had提前。E.g. I had reached the statin befre 9:00 'clck. I had nt reached the statin befre 9:00 'clck. Had yu reached the statin befre 9:00 'clck? 4、它通常和befre, by the end f 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用. 另外, 复合句的主句为一般过去时, 宾语从句表达过去发生的动作时,从句也要用过去完成时. E.g. He said he had never seen such an exciting match befre.
过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， befre ， never 等时间副词及 by ， befre ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。