高考英语二轮复习专题七概要写作课件

这是一份高考英语二轮复习专题七概要写作课件，共9页。PPT课件主要包含了专题七 概要写作，命题透视，续上表等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、题型解读概要写作要求学生基于所提供的短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。所提供短文词数在350左右；所选材料体裁以议论文、说明文为主。1．简洁性：用尽量少的语言对较长的原文进行简洁的重述。2．自主性：用自己的话语进行概写，避免对原文进行抄袭照搬。3．理解性：表现作者对原文本的精准理解。需要注意的是，不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”“I think”等词句。
4．忠实性：概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改。5．连贯性：概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当的衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
三、赋分标准(一)评分原则1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定所属档次，然后以相应档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．词数少于40和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况。(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性。(3)上下文的连贯性。(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5．拼写与标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
(二)各档次的给分范围和要求
四步精准“提炼”第一步　读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。
第二步　去次留精，提炼关键信息(1)明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。(2)先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。(3)原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息，如列举数字和列举的事例等，无须在概要中一一列出。
例如：Dn't frget the clck—r the radi.Peple wh eat slwly tend t cnsume abut 70 fewer calries(卡路里)per meal than thse wh rush thrugh their meals.Begin keeping track f the time，and try t make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while yu're at it，actually sit dwn t eat.If yu need sme help slwing dwn，turn relaxing music.It makes yu less likely t rush thrugh a meal.(加黑部分为与主题相关的部分)本段落主要内容为通过吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。用自己的语言将画线部分重组后，关键信息如下：Recrd the time and set dinner time fr half an hur as eating slwly helps take in less calries.
第三步　归纳要点，合理转换表达明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种方式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。转换表达注意遵循两个原则：(1)不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改变原材料所表达的意思。(2)不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。
例如：Yur huse may have an effect n yur figure.Experts say the way yu design yur hme culd play a rle in whether yu pack n the punds r keep them ff．Yu can make yur envirnment wrk fr yu instead f against yu.Here are sme ways t yu’re yur hme int part f yur diet plan．(画线句为主题句)主题句关键词如黑体部分所示：The way yu design yur hme may have an effect n yur figure.Here are sme ways t turn yur hme int part f yur diet plan.转换表达时可利用同义替换将 ways 改为 tips；The way yu design yur hme 改为 Hw t have yur hme designed。主题句转换为Hw t have yur hme designed affects yur figure.Belw are tips t design yur hme t help diet.
第四步　句式多样，注意过渡衔接在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词连接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。
[典例]　 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Bees are very strange creatures.They have their wn way f telling each ther that they have fund a new flwer.They bring sme f its nectar(花蜜)back hme and then d a little dance that shws where the flwer is and hw far away it is.In autumn the wrker bees g ut and cllect as much nectar and pllen(花粉) as they can carry.Then they return t make hney and stre it fr the lng cld winter.Bees build their wn huses but they d nt always have rund tps like peple draw them in strybks.They are usually five streys high.The queen bee always
has the bttm strey.In between the bttm strey and all the rest there are bars nly just wide enugh fr the wrkers t pass thrugh.The queen bee can never g up t the ther flrs because she is bigger than all the ther bees.The streys the queen can't enter are where the stre rms are.There are rms fr pllen，nectar and ryal jellies(蜂王浆)．If there is a fire the wrkers have t cver the walls and entrance f the rms.They have t mve the hney and the nectar and pllen away frm the ht walls f the rm.The queen is the nly that can lay eggs.She mates with a male bee called a drne(雄蜂)．Once the queen has laid the eggs she thrws the drne ut because a drne just sits arund eating hney and nectar.He cannt g ut and cllect pllen because drnes d nt have pllen­carrying things n their legs like the wrkers have.
Yung bees are called nurses because they have t nurse the newbrn bees whether they like it r nt.What a bee ends up being when it grws up depends n what it eats.If it is t be a queen it must feed n ryal jellies and it must never，ever set eyes n anther queen.If it des they must fight till nly ne f them is still alive.
[四步解题示范]第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文的篇章结构为“总—分”式。第1段内容为主题段，引入主题，对蜜蜂进行总括介绍；第2段介绍工蜂的职能；第3段介绍蜂王的住所；第4段介绍雄蜂；第5段介绍幼蜂的职责及命运。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接本文作者介绍了蜂群中不同类型蜜蜂的特点，工蜂工作勤奋努力，蜂王靠着其权威过着轻松的生活，两者形成对比，所以用Unlike连接两个句子。第四段依然由蜂王引出雄蜂，所以用代词She代替queen bee。最后一段中幼蜂需要与工蜂一样努力工作，所以加Same as wrker bees将二者联系起来。
[参考范文]Bees are unusual animals and have a unique way t cmmunicate with ne anther.(要点1)Wrker bees wrk tirelessly t stre fd.(要点2)Unlike wrker bees，the relaxing queen bee takes up the bttm strey f the five­strey huse.(要点3) She even deserts the drne after she finishes using him.(要点4)Same as wrker bees，yung bees need t wrk t care fr newbrn bees，but they nly leave their futures t what they eat.(要点5)
Writing 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(2023·上海宝山统考模拟预测)IKEA，knwn arund the wrld as a supplier f furniture and ther hme gds，is taking steps t prtect the envirnment.By 2030 IKEA plans t be a circular business，ne whse prducts can all be reused r recycled rather than thrwn away.T achieve this gal，the cmpany is redesigning all f its prducts.Hw can it design prducts that will last lnger and be easier t fix and that peple can recycle when they are finished with them？By answering these questins，IKEA hpes t imprve the sustainability f its business mdel.
IKEA wants peple t be able t repair its prducts rather than thrw them away when smething ges wrng.T accmplish that gal，the cmpany is standardizing the parts，materials and clrs that it uses.This means that if a part needs t be replaced，it will be easy t find.In the past IKEA has nly ffered spare parts fr sme prducts; nw it is greatly expanding the number f spare parts custmers can purchase.This makes it feasible fr custmers t repair their wn furniture.IKEA is als redesigning the parts f its prducts that are mst likely t wear ut quickly.T extend the life f its prducts，IKEA is trying t make their maintenance easier.It is als making its prducts easier t take apart and transprt，s the furniture is less likely t break when being mved r changing hands.
Smetimes peple replace their furniture nt because there is smething wrng with it，but because their needs have changed.S IKEA is als trying t help peple keep furniture fr a lnger time by making it easy t mdify.Sme pieces can be expanded r reduced in size as family members and guests cme and g.Others have cvers that can be exchanged fr different lk.But even with all these effrts，it is likely that certain prducts will eventually n lnger be usable.At that pint they can be remanufactured—the pieces reassembled(重新组装)int smething new—r recycled.And IKEA is designing prducts t make these prcesses easier.The cmpany is als wrking t reduce waste in ther areas，such as packaging and fd waste frm restaurants inside its stres.
These effrts t reduce the number f IKEA prducts that are abandned and thrwn in landfills will help create a mre envirnmentally friendly ecnmy.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】IKEA is taking steps t prtect the envirnment，which include standardizing the parts，materials and clrs used，trying t make their maintenance easier，making its prducts easier t take apart and transprt，trying t make the furniture easy t mdify and making their prducts easy t be remanufactured.The cmpany is als wrking t reduce waste in ther areas.
Writing 2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。The Dunning­Kruger Effect(2023·上海崇明统考二模)In 1999，scial psychlgists David Dunning and Justin Kruger did a series f studies evaluating peple's cmpetence in certain areas.The peple in the studies were als asked t evaluate their wn abilities in each area.Dunning and Kruger fund that peple wh scred very lw n the test tended t verestimate their abilities.Later research has indicated that a similar principle applies t ther areas as well.This principle has becme knwn as the Dunning­Kruger effect after the researchers wh discvered it.The Dunning­Kruger effect ccurs because nly when peple have skills in a given area are they equipped t evaluate their wn skills.Fr example，in sme situatins it takes a scientist t recgnize bad science.
The ppsite f the Dunning­Kruger effect als happens: capable peple have a mre accurate view f their wn abilities，and smetimes they even underestimate themselves.An extreme case f this wuld be impstr syndrme，which is when a skilled persn feels as if they are faking their skills despite knwing what they are ding.It's tempting t think f the Dunning­Kruger effect as a prblem that ther peple have.Peple may even laugh at thse wh think themselves mre cmpetent than they are.But everyne has areas where they lack cmpetence—and the Dunning­ Kruger effect means they may be especially bad at identifying thse areas. Even if smene is very intelligent in general，there are still things they dn't knw much abut. Expertise(专业知识)in ne area cannt always be transferred t ther areas.
That's why it's imprtant t keep digging fr infrmatin even when yu think yu've fund answers.It can als be helpful t check yur ideas with ther peple. Receiving negative feedback can hurt，but if yu're willing t listen，it can help yu grw.Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning­Kruger effect exists can help yu stay humble，accept criticism and，thus，keep learning thrughut yur life.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________