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2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第14讲形容词和副词的用法(Word版附解析)
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这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第14讲形容词和副词的用法(Word版附解析),共23页。试卷主要包含了 命题规律及备考策略, t、als、either, mst 与mstly, 考查副词,考查形容词等内容,欢迎下载使用。
第14讲 形容词和副词的用法(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题形容词和副词考点细目表
时间
卷次
语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023年
新高考I卷
语法填空: ____36_tasty___ (taste);
____44 rarely____ (rare)
新高考II卷
语法填空: ___43_Basically__ (basic)
全国甲卷
语法填空: ___47 Different___ (difference)
短文改错:truth改为true;
beautifully改为beautiful
全国乙卷
语法填空: ___49 remarkable_____ (remark)
短文改错:final改为finally
北京卷
语法填空: ____12_ exactly___(exact)
浙江卷
(1月)语法填空: ____57_ originally___ (original);
____61_spacious___ (space);
____62simply____ (simple)
(6月)语法填空:
天津卷
单项选择:
2022年
新高考I卷
语法填空: ____ eventually______ (eventual)
新高考II卷
语法填空: ___38 aslpeep___ (sleep);
___40accidentally___ (accidental )
全国甲卷
语法填空: ____meaningful______ (meaning)
短文改错: closely改为close
全国乙卷
语法填空: /
短文改错:greatly改为great
北京卷
语法填空: /
浙江卷
(1月)语法填空: ____roughly______(rough)
(6月)语法填空: /
天津卷
单项选择:well aware of
2021年
新高考I卷
语法填空: 3 undoubtedly (undoubted);
5 astonished (astonish)
新高考II卷
语法填空: ____61harmful____ (harm);
___62_excited___ (excite)
全国甲卷
语法填空: 10 daily (day)
短文改错: /
全国乙卷
语法填空: 8 financial (finance);
1educated (educate)
短文改错:mentally改为mental
北京卷
语法填空: ____16safely____(safe)
浙江卷
(1月)语法填空: 8 sharply (sharp)
(6月)语法填空: /
天津卷
(第一次) 单项选择: increasingly
(第二次)单项选择: Eventually;
alternative
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年高考卷对于形容词和副词的考查一直是重点和热点,主要考查:
1. 在语篇型填空和短文改错中的形容词和副词的句法功能;
2. 对形容词和副词的词性转换也是近几年高考考查的重点之一。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握形容词和副词的句法功能;
2. 掌握形容词和副词的词性转换基本规律;
【命题预测】
语法填空和短文改错对形容词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中考查形容词和副词的词形转换,形容词的相关句型用法。
考点一 形容词的构成与句法功能
一、形容词的构词规律
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加ive/ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
二.词形转换的具体总结
形容词后缀
1.形容词后缀-able
(1)能……的;可……的
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担得起的
rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的
change→changeable 易变的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
believe→believable 可相信的
(2)具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
suit→suitable 合适的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
reason→reasonable 合理的
value→valuable 有价值的
knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的
2.形容词后缀-ful/-less
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thought→thoughtful 周到的;深思的
peace→peaceful 和平的
success→successful 成功的
regret→regretful 后悔的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的
help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的;无能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的;无效的
power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的
3.形容词后缀-ive/-ative
act→active 积极的;活跃的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
create→creative 创造性的
progress→progressive 进步的
talk→talkative 健谈的(别忘了字母a)
effect→effective 有效的
4.形容词后缀-ous(ous还是ious一定要记清楚)
continue→continuous 不断的;持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 小心的;谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
danger→dangerous 危险的
humor→humorous 幽默的
mountain→mountainous 多山的
poison→poisonous 有毒的
ambition→ambitious 有野心的
religion→religious 宗教的
space→spacious 宽敞的;广阔的
5.形容词后缀-ble/-ible
horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的;糟糕的
vision→visible 看得见的
access→accessible 容易达到的;容易取得的
6.形容词后缀-y
fog→foggy 多雾的
taste→tasty 美味的;可口的
luck→lucky 幸运的
health→healthy 健康的
dirt→dirty 有灰尘的;脏的
greed→greedy 贪婪的
sun→sunny 阳光明媚的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的;丰富的
7.形容词后缀-al/-ial
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
practice→practical 实际的
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的;私人的
center→central 中央的;中心的
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
tradition→traditional 传统的
option→optional 可选择的,选修的
profession→professional 专业的;职业的
benefit→beneficial 有益的
face→facial 面部的(看起来很简单但很容易错)
industry→industrial 工业的
finance→financial 金融的
8.形容词后缀-ic
science→scientific 科学的
economy→economic 经济的
history→historic 历史上著名的
history→historical 具有重大历史意义的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
class→classic 经典的
9.形容词后缀-en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
10.形容词后缀-ly
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活跃的
friend→friendly 友好的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
day→daily 每日的;日常的
cost→costly 昂贵的
order→orderly 有次序的
三. 形容词的功能
在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
一般情况下,单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后,形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。
He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。
It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。
■名师点津
(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Lighthearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 她无忧无虑、积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
(2)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词。常见的有:friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。
2.副词的基本用法
(1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。
■名师点津
有些副词,如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语,往往修饰整个句子,而且它们常位于句首,且有逗号与后面的句子分开。
(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 谢天谢地,我终于打完比赛了,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
(2)有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语。如:obviously,naturally,surprisingly等
Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军给救了。
Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her.
高兴的是,她的继母对她很好。
四 、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) →出处→材料性质→类别→名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
五、 形容词、副词辨析
形容词副词的区别及用法
1. late 和later
He is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了,迟到了半小时。
Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后,他来了。
2. pleased, pleasing与pleasant
(1)pleased的含义是“感到满意,高兴”,后常跟介词at, with。例如:
I'm pleased to see you here. 在这儿见到你很高兴。
She's pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。
(2)pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”,相当于“giving pleasure”。例如:
My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。
The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。
(3)pleasant表示“快乐的,愉快的”。例如:
The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。
To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。
3. living, alive与live
(1)living作定语时,既可置于所修饰的名词之前,也可置于所修饰的名词之后,译为"活着的,当代的"。在句中充当定语及表语。例如:
Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。
My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。
(2)alive译为“活着的”,可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时,位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:
He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is that sheep dead or alive? 那头羊是死了还是活着?
(3)alive还有“活泼的,活动的,有生机的”之意。例如:
You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。
(4)live表示“活着的”,做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词,在句子中可以作定语,表语。
The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。
4. worth,worthy与worthwhile
(1)worth意为“值得的”,后接v-ing形式,构成“be worth doing”结构,也可接表示价格的名词及钱数;
(2)worthy意为“值得的”,后接“of+名词(或being+过去分词)”,构成“be worthy of+名词(或being done)”结构或“be worthy to be done”结构。
(3)be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如:
This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。
This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。
5. too、also、either
too和also用于肯定句、疑问句,too多用于口语,also多用于书面语,either用于否定句。Too常用在句末,also常用在句中。
Are they coming too ? 他们也来吗?
She is young and beautiful, and also rich. 她年轻漂亮,而且有钱。
He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。
6. likely与possible, probable
likely 的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词,而possible和probable只能用it作主语。
7. most 与mostly
most做形容词或代词,如:most students, most of us;mostly为副词,表示大部分情况下,或成分中大部分。如:
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56. (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food.
【答案】tasty
【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉,无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词修饰后面的名词 soup作定语,故空处需用tasty “美味的”。
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】His ceramic works, both ____43____ (function) and sculptural, are full of elements of fashion, humor, and character painted on with traditional Chinese ink.
【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:他的陶瓷作品,无论是功能性的还是雕塑性的,都充满了时尚、幽默和中国传统水墨人物画的元素。根据后文and sculptural可知应用function的形容词形式,故填functional。
2.【2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底】Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is ____49____(act) and masculine (阳性的). It’s believed that odd (奇数的) numbers belong to yang and even numbers belong to yin.
【答案】active
【解析】考查形容词。句意:阴善于接纳,阴柔;而阳则活跃,阳刚。作表语,表示“活跃”应用形容词active。故填active。
3.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】Zheng He’s efforts helped develop ____42____ (harmony) relations with these countries and regions, introducing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
【答案】harmonious
【解析】考查形容词。句意:郑和的努力有助于发展与这些国家和地区的和谐关系,使外国人民了解中国文化,并使中国人更好地了解海外土地。分析句子可知,空处填形容词harmonious“和谐的”,修饰名词relations,作其前置定语。故填harmonious。
考点二 副词的构成与句法功能
一、副词的构词规律
类别
例词
形容词+后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
二、副词的句法功能
副词是一种词类,常用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。副词在句子中用作状语时,常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置;副词在句子中作表语时位于系动词之后;副词在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面;副词在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾语的后面。这些是副词的基本用法,应牢记和熟练掌握。
具体解读
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
①[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging.
登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。
②[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently.
此外,我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。
③[2020·新高考山东卷读后续写]Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.不用说,他们都深受感动,尤其是伯纳德,他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。
(2)常考的连接性副词:though“然而,可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”; therefore/thus/consequently“因此,所以”; moreover/furthermore“而且,此外”; besides“另外,还有”; however“然而”; instead“相反,代替”; anyway/anyhow“尽管,即使这样”; otherwise“否则”。
The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车,便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big. Besides,I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了,而且,我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
三、形容词和副词的辨析
1. early,alone, enough, fast, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight, (表示方位) left, right, back, front, (表示数量) little, much
He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.他总是起床很早,因为他知道早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(前者为副词,作状语;后者为形容词,作定语)
He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.他喜欢一个人,总是单独外出。(前者为形容词,作表语;后者为副词,作状语)
2. hard, very, past, still, well, that, this等
Hard work leads to success.努力工作通向成功。(为形容词作定语,意为“艰苦的,努力的”)
Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.在党的领导下,人民努力工作。(为副词作状语,意为“努力地”)
Stand still while I take a photo of you.我给你拍照的时候站着别动。(为形容词作表语,意为“不动的;静止的”)
Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.尽管半夜了,我们老师依然在工作。(为副词作状语,意为“仍然”)
3.既可作形容词又可作副词且有ly表抽象概念(有ly)的词
情况
形容词
副词(抽象含义)
deep
深的
The hole is deep.这个洞很深。
深地;在深处
He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。
deeply
深深地;深刻地
He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。
wide
宽阔的;宽的
The river is 10 meters wide.
关阔地;充分地
Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。
widely
广泛地
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。
high
高的
高;向高处He jumps high.他跳的很高。
highly
高度地;非常
He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。
close
近的;亲密的;仔细的
He is my close friend.
他是我关系很好的朋友。
挨着;接近
Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。
closely
密切地 Listen closely.仔细地听。
4.有无ly意义大不相同的形容词和副词
hard与hardly
He works hard at his lessons.他努力学习功课。(副词,意为“努力地”)
The news is so good that I can hardly believe it's true.这个消息太好了,我简直不敢相信这是真的。(副词,意为“几乎不”)
sharp与sharply
It was twelve o'clock sharp.现在12点整了。(副词,意为“整点,恰好”)
“Don't talk nonsense”, she said sharply. “别胡扯”,她严厉地说。(副词,意为“严厉地”)
fair与fairly
One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.一个人要学会努力奋斗,但要公平奋斗,赢而不骄,输而不失风度。(副词,意为“公平地”)
It is fairly warm today.今天相当暖和。(副词,意为“相当,很”)
near与nearly
May Day is drawing near.五一即将到来。(副词,意为“在附近;不久以后”)
My teacher is nearly 60 years old, and he teaches well.我的老师将近60岁,他教得很好。(副词,意为“几乎,将近”)
short与shortly
Paper is running short.纸快用完了。(副词,意为“短缺地”)
He'll be back shortly.他很快就会回来。(副词,意为“不久”)
most与mostly
What struck me most was his courage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。(副词,much的最高级,意为“最”)
It was a most touching scene.那是极其动人的场面。(形容词,意为“很;十分;极其”)
They are mostly visiting scientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词,意为“大部分地,主要地”)
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。副词rarely修饰后面的形容词 enough“足够的”, rarely enough “几乎不够”。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空)So, what are they learning? (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【答案】Basically
【解析】考查副词。句意:基本上是关于如何描述熊猫的生活。本空置于句首,用逗号和句子隔开,在句中作状语,应用副词形式。
1.(2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考)In December 2014, Jingdezhen was ____38____ (official) approved by UNESCO and joined the Creative City Network, gaining itself the “City of Crafts and Folk Art” title.
【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。句意:2014年12月,景德镇正式获得联合国教科文组织批准,加入创意城市网络,获得“工艺与民间艺术之都”称号。修饰动词approve应用副词officially,作状语。故填officially。
2.(2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟)The Chinese team, with certification from the UN, comprised high-quality and well-equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations ________(efficient) at the same time in two locations.
【答案】efficiently
【解析】考查副词。句意:见第8题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要副词,修饰动词短语carry out。故填efficiently。
3.(2023·广东省高三开学大联考)____42____(additional), Chinese people like to drink hot water or tea with their meals since hot water is helpful for digestion according to traditional Chinese medicine.
【答案】Additionally
【解析】考查副词。句意:另外,中国人喜欢在吃饭时喝热水或茶,因为根据中医,热水有助于消化。此处作状语修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填Additionally。
过关检测
1.【2023届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三下学期模拟】Baduajin is one of the oldest health and fitness therapies in China, and it was 34 (original) created 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty (960-1279).
34.考查副词。句意:八段锦是中国最古老的健康和健身疗法之一,最初创建于800年前的宋代(960年-1279年)。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作状语,修饰谓语动词,使用副词,故填originally。
2.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Qian was extremely ____43____(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research.
【答案】knowledgeable
【解析】考查形容词。句意:钱学识渊博,尤其是在前沿科学研究方面。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作表语,意为“学识渊博的”,故空处应填形容词knowledgeable。故填knowledgeable。
3.【2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研考试(一模)】The Long March-5 is China’s most ____40____(power) launch vehicle currently in operational service, with a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit(LEO). It has been used to send China’s three space station modules, weighing about 66 tonnes, into LEO.
【答案】powerful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:长征五号是中国目前投入运行的最强大的运载火箭,最大有效载荷能力为25吨,可进入低地球轨道(LEO)。分析句子结构和意思可知,此处需要形容词,意为“强大的”,作定语,修饰后面的名词launch vehicle。故填powerful。
4.【2023届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】The skilled bamboo craftsmen are recording the daily detailed production process of their handicrafts on social media, which are regarded as a “___38___ (mystery) Chinese power” in the eyes of foreign netizens.
【答案】mysterious
【解析】考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词,设空处应用形容词的形式修饰名词。故填mysterious。
5.【浙江省宁波市镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月模拟】This is because Qixi carries itself a symbolic meaning: choose your own love and remain _____45_____ (faith) for life.
【答案】faithful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这是因为七夕具有象征意义:选择自己的爱情,忠贞一生。remain“保持”为连系动词,所以空处用形容词作表语,故填faithful。
6.【2023届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期二模】 29 (astonish), no matter how close one is to the stage, they just can’t tell how the masks change.
9. 考查副词。句意:令人惊讶的是,无论离舞台有多近,他们都无法分辨面具是如何变化的。分析句子可知,空格处应填入副词作状语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Astonishingly。
7【2023届辽宁省沈阳市第二中学高三下学期模拟考试】Thanks to social media recommendations, Zibo has 53 (wide) spread on Chinese social media platforms.
53.考查副词。句意:由于社交媒体的推荐,淄博在中国社交媒体平台上广泛传播。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词spread,应用wide的副词形式widely,意为“广泛地”。故填widely。
8【2023届山东省济南市山东师范大学附属中学高三模拟】Traditional Chinese medicine usually uses skills like acupuncture (针刺), cupping and specialized massage 65 (know) as Tuina.
65.考查形容词。句意:传统中医通常使用针灸、拔罐和被称为“推拿”的专业按摩等技术。分析句子结构可知,此处是固定搭配:known as意为“被称为”,用形容词作定语。故填known。
9【2023届山东省济南市山东师范大学附属中学高三模拟】“We take 68 relationship between the human being and nature, and between the human being and the inside of the body 69 (serious).
68.考查冠词。句意:我们认真对待人与自然、人与身体内部的关系。分析句子结构和句意可知,此处relationship后有后置定语修饰,表特指,应该用定冠词修饰。故填the。
69.考查副词,句意:我们认真对待人与自然、人与身体内部的关系。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词take,应该用副词修饰,serious的副词形式是seriously。故填seriously。
10【2023届重庆市第八中学校高三下学期高考考前模拟】It’s twice the size of New York City’s Central Park. West Lake’s natural beauty and 72 (history) relics have inspired Chinese poets and artists throughout time.
72.考查形容词。句意:西湖的自然美景和历史遗迹一直启发着中国诗人和艺术家的灵感。分析句子可知,空处是修饰relics的定语,应用history的形容词形式historical或historic,historical表示“历史上的”,historical relics侧重与历史相关,historic表示“历史上著名的”,historic relics侧重是名胜古迹,两者均符合题意。故填historical/historic。
11【2023届江西省师范大学附属中学三模】
The game is 85 (typical) played in a group of at least 3 players with a rope about 16 feet 86 length tied into a circle.
85.考查副词。句意:该游戏通常由至少3人组成一组,用一根长约16英尺的绳子系成一个圆圈。分析句子结构可知,此处为副词作状语,修饰动词is played,typical的副词形式为typically意为“通常”符合句意和语法。故填typically。
86.考查介词。句意:该游戏通常由至少3人组成一组,用一根长约16英尺的绳子系成一个圆圈。分析句子结构可知,此处为介词与名词length构成介词短语,结合句意可知,此处应表示“在……方面”使用介词in,in length意为“在长度方面”,符合句意。故填in。
12【2023届山东省实验中学高三二模】 98 (actual), more than 100 countries in the world speak English now.
98.考查副词。句意:实际上,现在世界上有100多个国家说英语。设空处修饰整个句子作状语,应用副词形式,句首单词首字母大写,故填Actually。
13【2023届山东省实验中学高三二模】 This 100 (influence) status has caused the IOC to make English one of the official languages.
100.考查形容词。句意:这种影响力使得国际奥委会将英语作为官方语言之一。设空处修饰名词status,应用形容词作定语,故填influential。
14【2023年河南省部分名校高三5月底联考】What’s more, many Chinatowns have associations that schedule regular activities for their members and provide 8 (society) services.
8.考查形容词。句意:此外,许多唐人街都有协会,为会员安排定期活动并提供社会服务。根据空格后的名词services可知,空格处应填形容词作定语,根据句意“社会的”是social。故填social。
15【2023年河南省部分名校高三5月底联考】Many Chinatowns provide a 9 (cultural) different experience.
9.考查副词。句意:许多唐人街提供了不同文化的体验。空格处修饰形容词different,作状语,应用副词形式。故填culturally。
16【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试】
The fame of Zibo barbecue used to be limited to just Shandong Province. 16 (previous), barbecue in Northeast China was much more popular across the country.
16.考查副词。句意:以前,东北地区的烧烤在全国更受欢迎。副词previously做状语修饰句子,首字母大写,故填Previously。
17【2023届山东省日照市高三下学期三模】It is 25 (definite) centered on companionship fields.
25.考查副词。句意:它绝对以伴侣领域为中心。此处修饰动词,应用副词definitely“绝对地”,作状语。故填definitely。
18【2023届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】Du Bo, head of Tahe county’s bureau (局) of culture, radio, television and tourism in Heilongjiang province, drew the attention of Chinese netizens by a short video, in 43 Du wears a white headwear of deer antlers (鹿角), 44 (dress) like a “white deer fairy” wandering in a snow-covered birch forest.
43.考查定语从句。句意:黑龙江省塔河县文化广电和旅游局局长Du Bo通过一段短视频引起了中国网民的注意。视频中,Du戴着白色鹿角头饰,打扮得像一个在白雪皑皑的白桦林中漫步的“白鹿仙”。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是video,作介词in的宾语,应用关系代词which,构成“介词+which”引导的定语从句。故填which。
44.考查形容词。句意同上。be dressed like“打扮得像……”是固定短语,此处省略be,用形容词,作状语。故填dressed。
19【2023届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】Despite (尽管) the fact that the short video was 48 (complete) successful, Du said she would devote herself more to 49 (explore) the use of social media platforms in future, which, she thinks, can help harvest more potential tourists 50 traditional means of promotion.
48.考查副词。句意:尽管短视频非常成功,但杜表示,她将在未来更多地致力于探索社交媒体平台的使用,她认为这比传统的推广方式更有助于收获更多的潜在游客。修饰形容词successful,应用所给词的副词形式,作状语。故填completely。
49.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。固定短语devote oneself to“致力于……”中的to是介词,因此空处用所给词的动名词形式作宾语。故填exploring。
50.考查介词。句意同8小题。根据空前more可知,此处表示比较,应填介词than引出比较的对象。故填than。
20【2023届浙江省重点中学拔尖学生培养联盟高三5月】The exhibition is divided into three galleries 54 showcase the history of the unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, his tomb, and the 55 (mystery) Terracotta Warriors.
54.考查定语从句。句意:展览分为三个展厅,分别展示了秦始皇统一中国的历史、他的陵墓和神秘的兵马俑。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“three galleries”,指物,且关系词在定语从句中担当主语,用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
55.考查形容词。句意:展览分为三个展厅,分别展示了秦始皇统一中国的历史、他的陵墓和神秘的兵马俑。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词,修饰“Terracotta Warriors”。故填mysterious。
21【2023届浙江省重点中学拔尖学生培养联盟高三5月】At the opening ceremony on Tuesday, Carlos Mazon, president of Alicante provincial council, called the exhibition “a 58 (history) moment.”
58.考查形容词。句意:在周二的开幕式上,阿利坎特省议会主席Carlos Mazon称这次展览是“一个历史性的时刻”。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词moment,意为“历史意义的”,用historic。故填historic。
22.【2022届广东省高三综合能力测试(三)】The Shenzhou-13 crew have 61 (safe) returned to Earth after their six- month orbital trip, 62 nearly doubled the previous record of China’s longest single- flight space mission of 92 days set by the Shenzhou-12.
61.考查副词。句意:神舟13号机组人员在完成为期6个月的轨道飞行后安全返回地球,这几乎是神舟12号创造的中国最长单次太空飞行记录(92天)的两倍。分析句子可知,空处缺少副词作状语修饰谓语,safe的副词形式为safely。故填safely。
62.考查定语从句。句意:神舟13号机组人员在完成为期6个月的轨道飞行后安全返回地球,这几乎是神舟12号创造的中国最长单次太空飞行记录(92天)的两倍。分析句子可知,空处缺少关系词,引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是空格前的内容,作定语从句的主语,表示事物,用which引导。故填which。
23. (2023·广东省梅州市高三二模)So they________(final) agreed. Wan began to record her grandpa’s life in videos, which were posted to Douyin (抖音).
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词。句意:所以他们最终同意了。空后agreed是动词,由副词修饰,所给词final是形容词,其副词是finally。故填finally。
24.【2023届江苏省南京市金陵中学高三模拟测试】Tea is commonly considered native to Southern China. However, in a garden in Geling village in Metog county in the Tibet autonomous region, the morning air is filled with the sweet aroma of 71 (fresh) picked tea.
71.考查副词。句意:然而,在西藏自治区梅托县歌岭村的一个花园里,早晨的空气中弥漫着新鲜采茶的甜蜜香气。分析可知,设空处修饰形容词picked,应用副词作状语,故填freshly。
25.【2023届安徽省合肥市第六中学高三最后一卷】 Images of similar instruments can be found in a Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) sculpture, and the characters 90 (literal)mean“three strings”, first appeared in a Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)text.
90.考查副词。句意:类似乐器的图像可以在南宋(1127-1279)的雕塑中找到,这些字符的字面意思是“三弦”,首次出现在明代(1368-1644)的文本中。根据句意和所给形容词literal可知,空格处应该填入literal的副词形式literally作状语,修饰后面的动词mean。故填literally。
26.【2023届江西省重点中学盟校高三第二次联考】Zhao Hongwei, chief researcher of the China Academy of Railway Sciences, told China Daily the more 92 (advance) model, which has a top operating speed of 400 kilometers per hour and the potential 93 (reach) speed of up to 450 km/h, will soon be unveiled.
92.考查形容词。句意:中国铁道科学研究院首席研究员赵宏伟在接受《中国日报》采访时表示,更先进的模型将很快推出,最高运行速度为400公里/小时,最高时速可达450公里/小时。根据空前的more可知,此处是形容词比较级,作定语修饰名词model,advanced先进的,形容词,故填advanced。
93.考查动词不定式。句意同上。此处用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词potential,表示“……的潜力”,故填to reach。
27.(河北省石家庄市2023年高三第二学期全过程试题) A video clip of Zhang Huiyu, a Chinese girl with visual impairment (受损), ______ (passionate) reciting “Ode to the Yellow River” has recently attracted a lot of attention online.
【答案】passionately
【解析】考查副词。句意:近日,一段中国视力障碍女孩张慧玉激情吟诵《黄河颂》的视频在网上引起了广泛关注。此处修饰动词reciting,应用副词形式。故填passionately。
28.(2023届江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模试题)You can sit inside a ________ (tradition) teahouse and take in the classical atmosphere as you drink tea.
【答案】traditional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:你可以坐在传统的茶馆里,一边喝茶一边感受古典的氛围。此处应用形容词traditional作定语,修饰名词teahouse,故填traditional。
29.(2023·四川省成都市第八中学高三二模)________ (advance) technologies are increasingly playing a major role in Chinese museums.
【答案】Advanced
【解析】考查形容词词形转换。句意:先进的技术在中国的博物馆中发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处修饰名词technologies用形容词,因为位于句首,注意要用大写。故填Advanced。
真题演练
1.【2023年全国乙卷】The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2.【2023年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
8.考查副词。句意:然而,她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发,而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词got,应用副词,作状语。故final改为finally。
3.【2023年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
10.考查形容词。句意:至少有一件事被证明是正确的:这种颜色洗不掉。prove为系动词,表示“证明是”,后接形容词。故truth改为true。
4.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning? ___43___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
5.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
6.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
7.【2023年全国甲卷】 ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
8.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意:根据上文The bees可知,此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意:蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词lovely后跟形容词beautiful,作表语。故beautifully改为beautiful。
9. 【2023年北京卷】 I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time.
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语on time应用副词exactly,故填exactly。
10. 【2023年浙江卷1月】The term “hutong”, ____57____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
11. 【2023年浙江卷1月】The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____61____ (space)homes and walled gardens.
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】 The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案:eventually
解析:考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
2.【2022全国甲卷】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
答案:meaningful
解析:考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
3.【2022全国乙卷】It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
答案:shared
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
4. 【2022年浙江卷1月】On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案:roughly
解析:考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”,故填roughly。
5.【2022新高考二卷】On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
38. 答案:asleep
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
40. 答案:accidentally
解析:考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处解析:应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
6. 【2022年全国乙卷】We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.
1.考查形容词。句意: 我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。
7.【2022年全国甲卷】I felt so closely to him.
closely→close
考查形容词。句意:我对他感觉如此亲近。felt为系动词,后面用形容词作表语,表示“亲近的”,closely为副词,此处用close。故将closely改为close。
8. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The experienced climber was________ the potential danger in such extreme weather and decided to wait until the following day.
A. completely blind to B. totally lost in
C. pretty keen on D. well aware of
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意:有经验的登山者充分意识到在这样极端天气下存在的潜在风险,决定等到第二天。A. completely blind to 完全不了解;B. totally lost in完全迷失于;C. pretty keen on 非常喜欢;D. well aware of充分意识到。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词短语作表语,选项均为副词修饰形容词,结合句意可知,此处表示“充分意识到”,故well aware of符合句意。故选D项。
2021年
1.【2021新高考1卷】The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空格所填词应该修饰动词help,故应用副词形式。Undoubted 变副词,直接在词尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。
2.【2021新高考1卷】But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
【答案】 astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句中含有 "leave sb./sth. + adj." 结构, 表示 "使……处于某种状态" 。因为宾语us与动词astonish为被动关系,此处应该过去分词形容词astonished作宾语补足语,说明人的感受,意为 "感到吃惊的"。故填astonished。
3.【2021全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
【答案】 daily
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ,修饰routines, 故用形容词,故填daily。
4.【2021全国乙卷 】Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】 financial
【解析】考查形容词。空前为动词,空后为名词,故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意:为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).
【答案】sharply
【解析】考查副词。句意:30年后,很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the BMI difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词,故答案为 sharply。
6.【2021全国乙卷 改错】What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
【答案】把mentally改为mental
【解析】考查形容词作定语。分析题目可知,此处应该用形容词修饰后面的名词relaxation。故把mentally改为mental。
7.【2021全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
【答案】educated
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知,空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意:这与传统的旅游业不同,因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
8.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I told him how ____61____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
9. 【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I was so____62____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
【62题详解】
考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
10.【2021年全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
11. 【2021年北京卷】Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语,故填safely。
12.【2021年天津卷第一次】As working from home becomes ________ common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A.increasingly B.equally C.nervously D.confusingly
【答案】A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:随着在家工作变得越来越普遍,人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。A. increasingly越来越多地,渐增地;B. equally相等地;C. nervously紧张地;D. confusingly令人困惑地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易,是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍,increasingly符合语境。故选A。
13.【2021年天津卷第二次】 The police searched the area for several days. ________, they found the piece of evidence they were looking for.
A. Generally B. Originally
C. Eventually D. Unfortunately
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终,他们找到了他们一直在努力寻找的证据。A. Generally通常,普遍地;B. Originally起初,原来,独创地;C. Eventually最终;D. Unfortunately不幸地。分析句意,警察一直在努力找证据,努力有了结果,最终找到了,故选C。
14. 【2021年天津卷第二次】It’s a good idea to choose a(n) ________ destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.
A. annual B. exact C. alternative D. pleasant
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词。句意:如果你首选的旅游景点没有了,选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。A. annual年度的;B. exact准确的;C. alternative替代的;D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available”可知此处指替代目的地,应用alternative。故选C。
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging.
62. 考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
2.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
1.考查形容词。句意:今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故将simply改为simple。
3.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】 66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67. health, abundance and a happy home. ...
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
66. 考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67. 考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
69. 考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
4.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】I’m surely you’ll have a good time. ... Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.
3. 考查形容词。句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
9.考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
10.考查固定短语。句意:希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”,是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
5.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】As the small boat moved, 68. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
68. 考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
6.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
第三处:考查固定短语。句意:为了确保我们所有人身体好,她为我们制定了特殊的计划。 make sure确保,该短语是固定短语,所以surely改成sure。
第四处:考查简单句。句意同上。这是一个简单句,前面in order to…作目的状语,不用连词and,所以去掉and。
7.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷(山东卷)】In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
36. 考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
8.【2020年浙江卷1月】 The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large___60___(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes___61___(old)than before. This is___62___(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
【60题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比;与某事相提并论”,故填compared。
【61题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
9.【2020年北京卷】 Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】 2. lucky 3. if/whether
【2题详解】
考查形容词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词,所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意:问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句,从句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。
10. 【2020年天津卷第一次】With the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have _____________developed over the years.
A. steadily B. differently C. independently D. formally
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:随着互联网的广泛使用,世界各地的通信多年来稳步发展。A. steadily稳定地,,稳固地;B. differently不同地;C. independently独立地;D. formally正式地。此处指稳步发展,故选A。
11.【2020年江苏卷】 The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发,给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A. absurd荒谬的;B. abrupt突然的;C. allergic过敏的;D. authentic真实的。根据常识可知,新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。
2019
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
62. poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
2.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident....I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. .
第一处:【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest(使感兴趣;使关注)”的形容词有interesting(使人感兴趣的)常修饰物;与interested(表现出兴趣的)常修饰人。本句的意思为:多亏一个偶然的事件,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I,故将interesting改为interested。
第五处:【解析】考查副词。“hard(努力地;费力地)”与“hardly(几乎不;几乎没有)”都为副词,但是词义不同。本句意思为:我挡住足球,并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。
3.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】 Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
...
But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
63.【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged,意为“最终得以认可”,故填finally。
70.【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful。
4.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. ... One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.
第二处:【解析】考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked(看起来…样)”为系动词,系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
第八处:【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze(使惊奇;使惊愕)”形容词形式有amazed(大为惊奇)与amazing(令人大为惊奇的)。本句话中主语为I,句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多,对此我感到惊奇,而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。
第九处:【解析】考查形容词比较级。句中better为well(健康;身体好)的比较级形式,多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词,即more不能与berrer连用。故将more去掉。
5.【2019年全国卷III】 They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists.
67.【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories,应用形容词形式,tradition的形容词为traditional,故填traditional。
68.hugely【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular,应用副词形式,huge的副词为hugely,故填hugely。
6.【2019年全国卷III】 What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
第三处:【解析】考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe,应用形容词。ordinarily 是副词。故把 ordinarily改为 ordinary。
7.【2019年北京卷】Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
10.考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列,修饰后面的名词college experience,故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
8.【2019年浙江卷6月】 When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
...
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
59. cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知,设空处所给词是修饰动词see,修饰动词要用副词,因此,用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
65. traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意:穿校服在英国是一个传统,但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词,其后常用形容词作表语,tradition是名词,“传统”的意思,因此,用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
9.【2018年浙江卷11月】 _____58_____(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
58.考查副词。句意:最近,咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词,故填Recently。
10.【2019年江苏卷】Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
28.C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:不像传统的体育锻炼,有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual偶然的,随便的;B. regular定期的,有规律的;C. flexible灵活的;D. tight紧的,密封的。故选C。
11.【2019年天津卷】A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.
A. properly B. widely
C. originally D. temporarily
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前,需要定期的训练。properly正确地;widely广泛地;originally最初;temporarily临时地,根据题意,故选A。
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