2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第30讲阅读理解其它体裁（Word版附解析）

这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第30讲阅读理解其它体裁（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题其它体裁考点细目表， 命题规律及备考策略等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第30讲 阅读理解其它体裁（核心考点精讲精练）


1. 三年真题其它体裁考点细目表
时间
卷次
体裁
主题语境
字数
题型分类
2023年
新高考I卷

/
/
/
新高考II卷
书评
人与社会：印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义
330+126
1个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
1个词义猜测题
全国甲卷
书评
人与社会：介绍了The Socrates Express
333+128
2个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
全国乙卷
/
/
/
/
北京卷
/
/
/
/
浙江卷
新闻报道
人与社会：在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序：Project Debater的
314+132
2个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
1个词义猜测题
天津卷

/
+
/
2022年
新高考I卷

/
/
/
新高考II卷

/
+
/
全国甲卷

/
/
/
全国乙卷
书评
人与社会：Dorothy Wickenden的书 ：Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West
317+122
2个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
北京卷

/
/
/
浙江卷
/
/
/
/
天津卷
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年的命题上看，阅读理解无论是新闻报道还是书评是主要考查细节理解和考查推理判断题偶尔也会考查词义猜测题。
【备考策略】
高考备考，重点练阅读。因为阅读是纲，纲举目张。阅读量 + 词汇量 = 高考英语前途无量。要做到精读泛读相结合。每天读5篇，高考一百三。具体来说，可以每天精读2篇，读懂每一句话，并完成文后的问答题；泛读3篇，材料要相对容易一些，但要有长度，最好是文学作品。泛读的方法是只求知道内容，不记单词或漂亮句子，也不做短文后的习题。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2024年高考阅读理解其它体裁可能会出现，试题难度会保持相对稳定，但会继续考查考生快速而准确地获取和理解文中具体细节信息的能力以及推断能力。



过关检测
（2023·云南·云南师大附中校考模拟预测）The guy who ate a $120,000 banana in an art museum says he was just hungry
Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan is well known for his inspiring works, but his signature work — a banana taped to a wall — was lately destroyed for a simple reason; the hunger it aroused in a college student. The work named “Comedian” (喜剧演员) has previously sold for $120,000, most famously at Art Basel Miami in 2019. While a college student who recently viewed the art in a Seoul museum said he ate the banana after skipping breakfast.
The art in question, Comedian, which was a frequently replaced fresh banana, was taped on the wall. It is meant to indicate everything from Charlie Chaplin’s comedy to the fruit’s status as a symbol of global trade.
However, it spoke to Noh Huyn-soo, the college student, in simpler terms, reminding him that he had skipped breakfast that morning. So when he visited Seoul’s Leeum Museum of Artlate at noon last week, Noh seized the yellow fruit and ate it, ignoring the alarmed cry of a museum worker. It took Noh around 1 minute to tear off the banana and eat it. Then, he reattached the peel to its spot on the wall
Noh told the museum that he ate the art because he was hungry, according to Korean public broadcaster KBS, which aired a video of his actions that was recorded by his friend. But Noh, who studies art and religion at Seoul National University, also expressed the artist’s intent and suggested his own actions might qualify as art, as he transformed Cattelan’s work and put it back on display.
The Noh drama lasted only around 30 minutes, as museum workers restored a second banana to the spot. And the museum won’t charge Noh for any damages. Because when the artist was told about the ruined work, he replied that it wasn’t a problem.
1．What is the article?
A．A museum guidance. B．A news report. C．A travel blog. D．A life story.
2．What is special about the work “Comedian”?
A．It is a lifelike object kept well in the museum. B．It is a funny painting sold at a rare high price.
C．It is a real item refreshed regularly on display D．It is an eatable fruit designed to be delivered.
3．Which may be the real reason for Noh to eat the exhibit?
A．He wanted to be involved into an art creation in a way.
B．He felt hungry for not having breakfast on time.
C．He meant to make a popular blog to have fun.
D．He was told to do so for the sake of new art.
4．What does the artist think of the destroyed work?
A．Absolutely serious. B．Terribly influential. C．Rarely typical. D．Scarcely important.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一名最近在首尔博物馆观看的大学生吃掉意大利艺术家毛里齐奥·卡特兰的一则标志性作品的事情。
1．推理判断题。根据文章标题“The guy who ate a $120,000 banana in an art museum says he was just hungry(在美术馆吃了一根价值12万美元的香蕉的人说他只是饿了)”及第一段“Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan is well known for his inspiring works, but his signature work — a banana taped to a wall — was lately destroyed for a simple reason; the hunger it aroused in a college student. The work named “Comedian” (喜剧演员) has previously sold for $120,000, most famously at Art Basel Miami in 2019.(意大利艺术家毛里齐奥·卡特兰以其鼓舞人心的作品而闻名，但他的标志性作品——一根绑在墙上的香蕉——最近被销毁的原因很简单；它激起了一名大学生的饥饿感。这部名为《喜剧演员》的作品此前曾以12万美元的价格售出，最著名的是2019年在迈阿密巴塞尔艺术展上)”可知，本文是对一则事件的报道。由此推知，这是一篇新闻报道。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The art in question, Comedian, which was a frequently replaced fresh banana, was taped on the wall.(这件有争议的作品，《喜剧演员》，是一个被贴在墙上的经常被替换的新鲜香蕉)”可推知，它是一个真实的定期在展览上更新的物品。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“But Noh, who studies art and religion at Seoul National University, also expressed the artist’s intent and suggested his own actions might qualify as art, as he transformed Cattelan’s work and put it back on display.(但在首尔国立大学学习艺术和宗教的Noh也表达了这位艺术家的意图，并表示他自己的行为可能符合艺术标准，因为他改造了卡特兰的作品并将其放回到展览中)”可推知，Noh吃掉展品的原因是他想要以某种方式参与到艺术创作中。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Because when the artist was told about the ruined work, he replied that it wasn’t a problem.(因为当艺术家被告知这件被毁的作品时，他回答说这不是问题)”可推知，艺术家认为被损坏的作品几乎不重要。故选D项。
（2023·湖南长沙·雅礼中学校考三模）①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake (股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?
②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.
③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the country by storm. Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.
④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent (凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers (金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding — about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.
⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein to American dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.
⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America — but vegetarian alternatives to meat are booming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.
5．Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because ________.
A．it makes perfect use of animal protein
B．it uses high tech in the making process
C．it tastes as good as a genuine beef burger
D．it represents the diet trend in South California
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?
A．It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.
B．It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.
C．It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.
D．It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.
7．What can we infer from paragraph 4?
A．The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.
B．The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.
C．Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.
D．Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.
8．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.
B．A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.
C．Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.
D．Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.

【答案】5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述美国最大的肉类加工商Tyson Foods加盟了一家叫做Beyond Meat的初创公司，Beyond Meat旨在用植物蛋白完美替代动物蛋白为大家生产无肉产品，以及这家公司产品目前的经营情况。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.(泰森食品公司本周宣布，它收购了Beyond Meat公司5%的股份。Beyond Meat是一家总部位于南加州的食品科技初创公司，今年早些时候，这家公司因其素食汉堡而登上头条，据报道，这款汉堡的烹饪和味道都像真正的牛肉)”可知，Beyond Meat的素食汉堡成为头条是因为这款汉堡的味道和真正的牛肉汉堡一样。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding — about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.(据报道，在与泰森食品达成交易之前，Beyond Meat已经筹集了6400万美元的项目资本资金——这相当于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，Beyond Meat筹集的项目资金6400万美元仅仅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，由此可知Beyond Meat的规模远远不及Tyson Foods，即Beyond Meat不能与Beyond Foods相提并论。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent in the meat giant’s coffers(但令人怀疑的是，泰森食品持有的5%股份是否为这家肉类巨头财务带来很大的财务空缺)”和“prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding — about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.(据报道，在与泰森食品达成交易之前，Beyond Meat已经筹集了6400万美元的项目资本资金——这相当于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，Beyond Meat筹集的项目资金6400万美元仅仅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，可得出泰森食品持有的5%股份不会造成很大的财务亏空，即对于泰森食品公司来说，收购Beyond Meat并未花费很多钱。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake (股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?(当中国最大的鸡肉、猪肉和牛肉加工商入股一家旨在“用植物蛋白完美替代动物蛋白”的初创企业时，这说明了肉类的未来是什么)”可知，最大的肉类加工公司Tyson Foods入股生产无肉产品的初创企业Beyond Meat意味着Tyson要重点投资植物蛋白这种无肉产品。故选B。
（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校考三模）An owl(猫头鹰) named Flaco escaped New York’s Central Park Zoo last week after his cage was broken. This set off a bird- hunt of police officers and park rangers( 护林员). Zoo officials worried that Flaco, who had been kept in his zoo cage for 13 years, may have lost the survival abilities he needed in the wild. They placed some of his favorite treats in the open air to attempt to trap him.
Flaco was not fooled. Instead, he was sighted flying over 5th Avenue, and Central Park’s skating rink. A number of New Yorkers stamped into Central Park to try to catch a glimpse of Flaco, taking photos with excitement.
But this week, zoo officials announced they accepted that Flaco remained in Central Park because he had been seen bringing up bones and fur from the park’s abundant community of rats. “He has been very successful at hunting and consuming the abundant rats in the park.” zoo officials told the New York Post. “And that’s amazing. He’s hunting on his own. He’s flying better. Flaco really seems to be enjoying himself out there.”
There is a caution attached to this story of an owl who is making it on his own in the city that never sleeps. Owls are nocturnal. They go around searching for food at night. They sleep during the day, or try to, like lots of people who work the overnight shift. Yet some New Yorkers who don’t know proper bird-watching behavior reportedly see Flaco sleep in a tree during the day, and begin to shout at him. It interrupts his sleep. Flaco can’t try to say “shh, shh” with the traditional New York reply. After all, a bird can’t give someone the bird.
9．Why were zoo officials concerned about Flaco’s ability to survive?
A．Because his favourite food was too little.
B．Because he might be attacked by police.
C．Because his cage was severely damaged.
D．Because he was kept in his cage for long.
10．What can we infer about Flaco from the third paragraph?
A．He has adapted to the wild. B．He has found his previous home.
C．He still faces great challenges. D．He dislikes the rats in the park.
11．What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Scary-looking. B．Shy and quiet.
C．Active at night. D．Badly-behaved.
12．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to the interruption to Flaco’s sleep?
A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.

【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了猫头鹰弗拉科 从纽约中央公园动物园的围栏中逃了出来。在躲过了各种救援尝试后，弗拉科已经很好地适应了他宽敞的新家——他可能会一直呆在那里。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Zoo officials worried that Flaco, who had been kept in his zoo cage for 13 years, may have lost the survival abilities he needed in the wild.（动物园官员担心，在动物园笼子里被关了13年的弗拉科可能已经失去了在野外生存所需的能力。）”可知，因为他被关在笼子里太久了所以动物园官员担心弗拉科的生存能力。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“But this week, zoo officials announced they accepted that Flaco remained in Central Park because he had been seen bringing up bones and fur from the park’s abundant community of rats. ‘He has been very successful at hunting and consuming the abundant rats in the park.’ zoo officials told the New York Post. ‘And that’s amazing. He’s hunting on his own. He’s flying better. Flaco really seems to be enjoying himself out there.’（但本周，动物园官员宣布，他们接受Flaco留在中央公园，因为有人看到它从公园里大量的老鼠群落中叼来骨头和皮毛。“他在猎捕和吃掉公园里大量的老鼠方面非常成功。动物园官员告诉《纽约邮报》。“这太神奇了。他在独自打猎。他飞得好多了。弗拉科似乎在那里玩得很开心。”）”可知，从第三段可以推断弗拉科已经适应了野外环境。故选A。
11．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后“They go around searching for food at night. They sleep during the day, or try to, like lots of people who work the overnight shift. （它们在夜间四处寻找食物。他们白天睡觉，或者试着睡觉，就像很多上夜班的人一样。）”可知，猫头鹰是夜行动物，划线词是在夜晚活跃的。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ Yet some New Yorkers who don’t know proper bird-watching behavior reportedly see Flaco sleep in a tree during the day, and begin to shout at him. It interrupts his sleep. Flaco can’t try to say “shh, shh” with the traditional New York reply. After all, a bird can’t give someone the bird.（然而，据报道，一些不知道正确观鸟行为的纽约人看到Flaco白天在树上睡觉，就开始对它大喊大叫。它打断了他的睡眠。弗拉科不能用传统的纽约人的回答说“嘘，嘘”。）”可知，作者对弗拉科睡眠被打断的态度是不同意的。故选D。
（2022·河南·濮阳南乐一高校联考模拟预测）American mathematician Dennis Sullivan has been awarded the 2022 Abel Prize, one of the most distinguished awards in math, for his contributions to the fields of topology and dynamical systems. Sullivan has been recognized for his groundbreaking contributions to topology in its broadest sense, and particularly its algebraic (代数的), geometric and dynamical aspects.
Topology is the study of properties of objects and spaces that do not change when they are deformed (变形). The field is sometimes called “rubber-sheet geometry”, because objects can be stretched into different shapes like rubber but cannot be broken. For instance, a square can be deformed into a circle without breaking, but a doughnut shape cannot.
Sullivan, born in Port Huron, Michigan, in 1941, began studying topology as a graduate student at Princeton University in the early 1960s. His 1966 doctoral thesis, called “Triangulating Homotopy Equivalences,” helped revolutionize the study of manifolds, spaces that look flat when viewed from any point on their surface but have a more complicated overall structure.
Subsequently Sullivan taught at several other universities. During this time, he gradually changed how mathematicians perceived algebraic and geometric topology, introducing new ideas and building a new vocabulary. In 1970, he wrote a set of unpublished notes widely circulated and considered hugely influential.
By the late 1970s, Sullivan began investigating problems in dynamical systems, which is the study of a point moving through a geometrical space and a fundamental part of chaos theory. His work united dynamical systems and algebraic topology in ways that had never been done. In 1985, Sullivan proved a 60-year-old assumption that points moving in complex dynamical systems eventually return to their starting point rather than wandering about endlessly.
“Dennis P. Sullivan has repeatedly changed the landscape of topology by introducing new concepts”, said Hans Munthe-Kaas, chair of the Abel Committee. “I’m not sure Sullivan sees the boundaries between different areas of mathematics the same as other people see it.”
13．What is the purpose of the second paragraph?
A．To clarify a concept. B．To present a fact.
C．To explain a phenomenon. D．To make an assumption.
14．Which of the following best describes Sullivian?
A．Promising and sincere. B．Committed and pioneering.
C．Generous and intelligent D．Ambitious and considerate.
15．Which statement corresponds with Sullivian’s new theory?
A．Spaces have a more complicated overall structure.
B．A doughnut can be deformed into a circle without breaking.
C．Dynamic systems and algebraic topology can’t be integrated.
D．Points moving in certain systems eventually return to their starting point.
16．What can we infer from Hans Munthe-Kaas’ remarks in the last paragraph?
A．Sullivian doesn’t normally agree with others.
B．Different areas of mathematics have no boundaries.
C．Sullivian may have his own way of viewing different areas of maths.
D．Hans Munthe-Kaas has prejudice against Sullivian in the areas of mathematics.

【答案】13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了美国数学家丹尼斯·沙利文因其在拓扑和动力系统领域的贡献而被授予2022年阿贝尔奖的事情。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Topology is the study of properties of objects and spaces that do not change when they are deformed (变形).”（拓扑是研究对象和空间在变形时不会改变的特性。）可知，第二段的目的是阐明拓扑的概念。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sullivan has been recognized for his groundbreaking contributions to topology in its broadest sense, and particularly its algebraic, geometric and dynamical aspects.”（沙利文因其对最广义拓扑学的开创性贡献而受到认可，尤其是在代数、几何和动力学方面）及最后一段““Dennis P. Sullivan has repeatedly changed the landscape of topology by introducing new concepts” said Hans Munthe-Kaas, chair of the Abel Committee.”（阿贝尔委员会主席Hans Munthe Kaas表示：“丹尼斯·沙利文通过引入新概念，一再改变拓扑格局”）可知，沙利文对拓扑学做出了开创性贡献，说明他具有先驱性，而他一再改变拓扑格局说明他一直忠于对拓扑的研究。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。。根据第五段“In 1985, Sullivan proved a 60-year-old assumption that points moving in complex dynamical systems eventually return to their starting point rather than wandering about endlessly.”（1985年，沙利文证明了一个60年前的假设，即在复杂动力系统中移动的点最终会回到它们的起点，而不是无休止地徘徊。）可知，符合沙利文的新理论是在某些系统中移动的点最终会返回到它们的起点。故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m not sure Sullivan sees the boundaries between different areas of mathematics the same as other people see it.”（我不确定沙利文是否像其他人一样看待数学不同领域之间的界限）可知，沙利文可能对数学的不同领域有自己的看法。故选C项。
（2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测）Tesla’s self-driving cars have recently come under investigation as a report on crashes raises questions about their safety. Despite Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s claim that their Autopilot capability makes their cars “unequivocally (毫不含糊地) safer,” data suggests otherwise.
According to The Washington Post, the number of deaths and serious injuries associated with Tesla’s driver-assistance technology is higher than previously reported. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recorded 736 crashes since 2019, with at least17 of them being fatal. These figures include crashes involving both Autopilot, which allows cars to drive on highways without human intervention, and the newer Full Self-Driving feature, which extends automation to city streets. However, these statistics can’t record incidents that were avoided due to the cars’ safety features. Additionally, when compared to the total number of car crashes that occurred last year, the number of crashes involving driver-assistance vehicles appears relatively small, but actually it’s not.
Tesla’s safety claims lack context as Autopilot is primarily designed for highways, while most accidents occur in more complex environments with cross-traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. Moreover, Tesla’s customer base consists mainly of wealthier individuals who live in communities with lower accident rates.
Concerns are raised by Tesla’s request to the NHTSA not to reveal whether Autopilot or Full Self-Driving was in use during fatal crashes. This lack of transparency (透明) prevents a comprehensive analysis of the incidents and raises questions about responsibility.
Safety exaggerations (夸大) combined with Tesla’s aggressive marketing have led to accidents caused by drivers relying too heavily on the system. Full Self-Driving does not allow the car to fully drive itself, and drivers are expected to remain attentive and ready to intervene at all times. However, Tesla’s messaging may mislead some users into believing otherwise.
While a driverless future has the potential to be safer, it is crucial not to convince the public that underdeveloped capabilities are ready for widespread use. Tesla should address past problems, ensure their automation set can detect emergency vehicles, and be transparent with the public about the limitations of their technology. Rushing the implementation of such technology without addressing its limitations could lead to serious consequences on the road.
17．What can we learn about Tesla’s driver-assistance-related crashes from paragraph 2?
A．736 fatal cases of self-driving are recorded.
B．NHTSA focused on the crashes on highways.
C．The total number of car crashes is extremely small.
D．The incidents avoided are not counted in the crash statistics.
18．What can be inferred about Tesla’s safety claims?
A．They are supported by comprehensive data.
B．They are based on limited driving environment.
C．They are restricted to the experiences of satisfied customers.
D．They have been proven to be accurate and reliable by NHTSA．
19．What can we know about Full Self-Driving?
A．It is ill-received. B．It is well-developed.
C．It needs the driver to stay focused. D．It reduces the accidents greatly.
20．Which title best summarizes the content of this text?
A．Concerns and Questions Surrounding Tesla’s “Self-Driving” Cars
B．Tesla’s Self-Driving Cars: The Safest Option of Driving on the Road
C．The Future of Self-Driving Cars: A Closer Look at Tesla’s Technology
D．Reconstruction and Revolution of Tesla’s Autopilot and Full Self-Driving

【答案】17．D 18．B 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是特斯拉的自动驾驶车辆所受到的一些质疑和它自身存在的一些问题。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“However, these statistics can’t record incidents that were avoided due to the cars’ safety features.(然而，这些统计数据并不能记录由于汽车的安全特性而避免的事故。)”可知，避免的事故不计入撞车统计。故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Tesla’s safety claims lack context as Autopilot is primarily designed for highways, while most accidents occur in more complex environments with cross-traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. Moreover, Tesla’s customer base consists mainly of wealthier individuals who live in communities with lower accident rates.(特斯拉的安全声明缺乏背景，因为自动驾驶仪主要是为高速公路设计的，而大多数事故发生在更复杂的环境中，有交叉交通、行人和骑自行车的人。此外，特斯拉的客户群主要是生活在事故率较低社区的富裕人士。)”可知，特斯拉的安全声明是基于有限的驾驶环境。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Full Self-Driving does not allow the car to fully drive itself, and drivers are expected to remain attentive and ready to intervene at all times.(全自动驾驶不允许汽车完全自动驾驶，司机需要保持注意力，随时准备干预。)”可知，全自动驾驶需要司机保持专注。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Tesla’s self-driving cars have recently come under investigation as a report on crashes raises questions about their safety. Despite Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s claim that their Autopilot capability makes their cars “unequivocally (毫不含糊地) safer,” data suggests otherwise.(特斯拉的自动驾驶汽车最近受到调查，因为一份关于车祸的报告引发了对其安全性的质疑。尽管特斯拉首席执行官Elon Musk声称，他们的自动驾驶功能使他们的汽车“绝对更安全”，但数据显示并非如此。)”及后文的描述可知，本文主要讲的是特斯拉的自动驾驶车辆所受到的一些质疑和它自身存在的一些问题，因此最好的题目是A选项“Concerns and Questions Surrounding Tesla’s “Self-Driving” Cars(围绕特斯拉“自动驾驶”汽车的担忧和问题)”。故选A。
（2024·浙江·统考模拟预测）A relationship between the amount of adult speech children are exposed to and the concentration of myelin, a substance in the brain, has been found, researchers say.
“I think the take-home message is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain,” says the lead author, Prof. John P. Spencer of the University of East Anglia.
The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.
While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.
“When babies are six months old, they experience massive growth of new nerve cells,” he says. “So the input comes in and may help extend the period of brain growth.” “While at 30 months, the brain starts to cut back some of the cell growth, and form specific connections. That’s where myelin comes in. So now the input starts to help structure the myelin,” he adds.
The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language. The next step for them is to figure out whether the 6-month-old babies showing that negative connection will surely turn into 30-month-old kids who show positive relationship.
Dr. Saloni Krishnan, Reader in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) at Royal Holloway, University of London, who is not involved in the work, however, notes individual differences in language ability are linked to genetics. “Children who are exposed to more language at home and have higher myelination will also have inherited genes (经遗传获得的基因) from parents who are more excellent in languages,” she said. “No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”
21．Which can replace the underlined words “take-home message” in paragraph 2?
A．Process. B．Reason. C．Point. D．Consequence.
22．What surprises the team?
A．The finding for the 30-month-olds. B．The finding for the 6-month-olds.
C．How the input help nerve cells grow. D．How the input help structure the myelin.
23．What does the researchers think of adult speech?
A．It is positively related to myelin. B．It cuts back some of the cell growth.
C．Its effect varies with the size of brains. D．It is helpful for both groups’ language ability.
24．What might Dr. Saloni Krishnan approve of?
A．The team should do more research. B．Inherited genes decide language ability.
C．Parents must talk more to their kids. D．The concentration of myelin makes no sense.

【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队的发现（多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大脑发育，尤其是语言方面）和其他专家就该研究发现发表的言论。
21．词义猜测题。根据划线词“is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain”可知，Prof. John P. Spencer认为重点是跟孩子交流；这确实能够影响孩子大脑结构的发育，故划线词意思是“重点”。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.(研究小组发现，对于30个月大的婴儿来说，更多的成人语言与大脑中语言相关通路中更多的髓磷脂有关;然而，对于6个月大的婴儿来说，情况正好相反)”以及第四段“While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.(虽然后者出乎意料，但斯宾塞指出了一个可能的因素:大脑的发育阶段)”可知，使这个研究团队吃惊的是第三段中提到的对六个月大的婴儿的研究发现，故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language”可知，研究人员得出结论：父母的言语对六个月大和三十个月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言语越多，孩子们日后对语言就会越敏感，故选D项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”(“在测试这种潜在的遗传效应之前，无法得出最终结论。然而，目前还没有关于孩子应该接受多少信息的标准，照顾者不必感到压力，要和孩子多说话。”)”可知，Dr. Saloni Krishnan认为在潜在的基因方面的影响被测定之前，不能断言“父母多跟孩子交流会提高孩子的语言能力”，即这个研究团队需要做进一步的研究，故选A项。
（2023·湖南邵阳·统考三模）More families than ever are taking “adventures”—long term trips where children learn on the road. Worldschooling (游学世界), adventuring, life-learning, whatever you call it, more parents are doing it.
Take Jo and Jamie Robins, who are into a four-month South America trip with their daughters. “We want to take some time to step back from life, the treadmill (枯燥无味的工作) of working hard to pay a mortgage (按揭贷款), not having enough time for family or to follow our interests , says Jo.
David and Debs Hurst’s three-month mission to visit their Facebook friends with their sons turned into a campervan(房车) trip across 13 countries. “To our minds, they are learning in a more interesting way,” says David.
Martina and Julian Tyrrell sold their house in Cambridge to sail off into the sunset on a yacht(游艇) with their daughters. Nearly two years on, they are now based by the Guadiana River on the border of Spain and Portugal while the girls go to a Spanish school and are wondering where the wind might take them next. “When people asked us how long we would be away, I jokingly said between six months and 60 years. The kids love the life and I’m not that concerned about school because we always said we would homeschool them. If they get to a point where they want to go to school, I won’t stand in their way,” says Martina.
The Department of Education takes a poor view of any time away from school. “Children must receive a suitable education. Even missing a week of school affects children’s attainment,” said a spokeswoman.
Most round-the-world family blogs praise the experience as life-changing in the best way possible. Lara Pennington-Ellis, a British single mum based in Barcelona who set off on a round-the-world trip with her eight-year-old son, is one exception. I’m loving our intense time together but I’m also missing my personal freedom and adult conversation. “Worldschooling sounds easygoing but it’s actually the hardest hour of the day, to work hard and do maths /Spanish /English /handwriting homework.” she says in one post.
25．Why did Jo go adventuring?
A．To find inspiration for her work. B．To enjoy life with her family.
C．To meet her online friends. D．To learn Spanish.
26．What do Martina’s words show?
A．She is concerned about school education.
B．She has difficulty teaching her kids at home.
C．She will allow her kids to decide when to attend school.
D．She will spend less than three months on a trip.
27．What is the spokeswoman’s attitude towards adventures?
A．Reserved. B．Supportive. C．Uncaring. D．Critical.
28．What is a disadvantage of adventure for parents according to Lara?
A．They fail to find useful guidance from professionals. B．They have much less time for themselves.
C．They are short of teaching materials. D．They can hardly afford it.

【答案】25．B 26．C 27．D 28．B
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了不同家长对于带孩子游学的不同观点。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““We want to take some time to step back from life, the treadmill (枯燥无味的工作) of working hard to pay a mortgage (按揭贷款), not having enough time for family or to follow our interests , says Jo.(“我们想花点时间从生活中退一步，从努力工作还房贷的单调乏味中退一步，我们没有足够的时间陪伴家人或从事自己的兴趣爱好，”乔说)”可知，Jo带孩子游学是为了有更多的时间与家人享受生活。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“If they get to a point where they want to go to school, I won’t stand in their way.(如果他们到了想上学的地步，我不会挡他们的路)”可知，Martina允许孩子们自己决定什么时候去上学。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Children must receive a suitable education. Even missing a week of school affects children’s attainment.(孩子们必须接受适当的教育。即使缺课一周也会影响孩子的成绩)”可知，这位女性发言人对游学持批评的态度。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I’m loving our intense time together but I’m also missing my personal freedom and adult conversation.(我喜欢我们在一起的紧张时光，但我也想念我的个人自由和成年人的谈话)”可知，Lara认为带孩子游学的弊端是没有自己的时间。故选B。
（2023·江西·濂溪一中校联考模拟预测）Diplomacy (外交) is an art. It requires not only strategy, but also other aspects, including intuition, persuasion, and even tricks, human skills that have long been unreachable to even the most powerful artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Now, an AI algorithm (算法) from a high-tech company has shown it can beat many humans in a game of diplomacy, which required both strategic planning and negotiations with other players. The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员) .
AI has already beaten humans in some games of strategy. It is also proving powerful at natural-language processing, in which it can generate humanlike text and carry on conversations. In the game of diplomacy, seven players vied for control of Europe. On each turn, players issued orders regarding the movement of army and naval units, following discussion with other players, whom they could attack or support.
There are two technical innovations noted by Jonathan Gratch, a computer scientist at the University of Southern California who studies negotiation agents. First, the Al agent’s com-munication is grounded in multistep planning. Second. the Al agent keeps its remarks and game play within the range of human common practice.
To test its skill, the researchers had the Al agent play 40 online games against humans. It placed in the top 10% of players who’d played at least two games. “In a game that involves language and negotiation, that agents can reach human equal level is very exciting,” said Yu, a computer scientist at Columbia University.
According to Brown, a computer scientist at the company who co-authored the paper, the work could lead to practical applications in fields that now require a human touch. One specific example is that virtual personal assistants might help consumers negotiate for better prices on plane tickets. Gratch and Yu both see opportunities for agents that persuade people to make healthy choices or open up during therapy.
29．Who is likely to benefit from the research work?
A．A famous cyber athlete. B．A professor of civil law.
C．A professional accountant. D．A virtual fitness instructor.
30．What does the underlined word “vied” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Accounted. B．Apologized. C．Searched. D．Competed.
31．Why does the author mention AI agent?
A．To understand the thought of AI. B．To illustrate the advantages of AI.
C．To describe the importance of AI. D．To introduce the strategy of AI.
32．What is the best title for the text?
A．Diplomacy, a Popular Game B．AI Learns the Art of Diplomacy
C．Al Will Become a Perfect Diplomat D．An Excellent Game Player

【答案】29．D 30．D 31．B 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了人工智能具有了谈判和其他一些外交技能。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员).(研究人员表示，这项工作可能会为虚拟运动教练和冲突调解人指明方向)”可知，虚拟健身教练可能从这项研究工作中受益。故选D。
30．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the game of diplomacy, seven players(在外交游戏中，七名玩家)”和下文“control of Europe(控制欧洲)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“在外交游戏中，七名选手争夺对欧洲的控制权”。由此可知，划线词vied的意思是“竞争”，和competed意思相近，故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据第三段“First, the Al agent’s com-munication is grounded in multistep planning.  Second.  the Al agent keeps its remarks and game play within the range of human common practice.(首先，人工智能主体的通信建立在多步骤规划的基础上。第二。人工智能代理将其言论和游戏玩法保持在人类通常做法的范围内)”和第四段“To test its skill, the researchers had the Al agent play 40 online games against humans. It placed in the top 10% of players who’d played at least two games. “In a game that involves language and negotiation, that agents can reach human equal level is very exciting,” said Yu, a computer scientist at Columbia University.(为了测试它的技能，研究人员让人工智能和人类玩了40场在线游戏。它在至少玩过两款游戏的玩家中排名前10%。“在一个涉及语言和谈判的游戏中，智能体能达到与人类相当的水平是非常令人兴奋的，”哥伦比亚大学的计算机科学家Yu说)”可推知，作者提到人工智能代理是为了说明人工智能的优势。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Now, an AI algorithm (算法) from a high-tech company has shown it can beat many humans in a game of diplomacy, which required both strategic planning and negotiations with other players. The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员).(现在，一家高科技公司的人工智能算法显示，它可以在外交游戏中击败许多人类，这需要战略规划和与其他玩家的谈判。研究人员表示，这项工作可能会为虚拟运动教练和冲突调解人指明方向)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能具有的谈判和其他一些外交技能。由此可知，最好的标题是B选项“AI Learns the Art of Diplomacy(人工智能学会了外交艺术)”。故选B。
（2023·河南·校联考模拟预测）The US government took extraordinary steps on Sunday after the historic failure of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), assuring depositors(存款人) at the institution that they would be able to quickly access all of their money. The announcement came amid fears that the factors that caused the California-based bank to fail could cause a banking contagion(漫延), and only a couple of hours before trading opened on Asian markets.
The Treasury Department, the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) said on Sunday that all SVB clients will be protected-including accounts that exceed the FDIC-insured limit of $250,000. “Depositors will have access to all of their money starting on Monday, March 13. No losses associated with the resolution of Silicon Valley Bank will be borne by the taxpayers,” the agencies said in a joint statement. “This step will ensure that the US banking system continues to perform its vital roles in protecting deposits and providing access to the money deposited in the bank for households and businesses in a manner that promotes strong and sustainable economic growth.”
Regulators had worked over the weekend to try to come up with a buyer for SVB, the second-largest bank failure in history. Those efforts appeared to have come up empty as of Sunday.
The regulators also announced that the New York-based Signature Bank had failed and its property was taken on Sunday. At more than $110 billion in assets(资产), Signature Bank is now the third-largest bank failure in US history. The officials also said that depositors at the bank, which was closed on Sunday by the New York state financial regulator, would not bear the loss. Signature’s shareholders and unsecured debtors will not be protected, and management has been removed, the officials said.
Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen had said earlier on Sunday that she was working with banking regulators to respond after SVB became the largest bank to fail since the 2008 financial crisis, during which Washington Mutual collapsed. SVB had $ 209 billion in assets and $175.4 billion in deposits at the time of failure, the FDIC said in a statement. The bank mostly served technological companies. “We want to make sure that the troubles that exist at one bank don’t create contagion to others,” Yellen told CBS’ Face the Nation.
33．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The cause of the failure of Silicon Valley Bank.
B．The drawback of the US banking system.
C．The reaction of the public to the step.
D．The purpose of the measure.
34．How did the regulators deal with the failure of the New York-based Signature Bank?
A．The unsecured debtors will bear the loss themselves.
B．The management of the bank is still in power temporarily.
C．The benefits of signature’s shareholders will be guaranteed.
D．It was closed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
35．What does the underlined word “collapse” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Come to light. B．Come to a conclusion.
C．Come to an end. D．Come to life.
36．Which can serve as the best title for the news report?
A．US to rescue failed banks’ depositors
B．Regulators try to come up with buyer for SVB
C．US banking system to promote economic growth
D．Factors causing SVB to fail lead to banking contagion

【答案】33．D 34．A 35．C 36．A
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍美国将救助破产银行的储户的事情。
33．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This step will ensure that the US banking system continues to perform its vital roles in protecting deposits and providing access to the money deposited in the bank for households and businesses in a manner that promotes strong and sustainable economic growth. (这一步骤将确保美国银行系统继续发挥其重要作用，保护存款，并以促进强劲和可持续经济增长的方式为家庭和企业提供银行存款渠道。)”可知，第二段主要介绍这项措施的目的。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“The officials also said that depositors at the bank, which was closed on Sunday by the New York state financial regulator, would not bear the loss. Signature’s shareholders and unsecured debtors will not be protected, and management has been removed. (官员们还表示，该银行周日被纽约州金融监管机构关闭，储户不会承担损失。Signature的股东和无担保债务人将不受保护，管理层已被免职。)”可知，无担保债务人将自行承担损失。故选A。
35．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen had said earlier on Sunday that she was working with banking regulators to respond after SVB became the largest bank to fail since the 2008 financial crisis, during which Washington Mutual collapsed. (财政部长珍妮特·耶伦（Janet Yellen）周日早些时候曾表示，在SVB成为自2008年金融危机以来倒闭的最大银行后，她正在与银行监管机构合作做出回应。)”可知，该词前的during which，which指the 2008 financial crisis和前面提到“美国硅谷银行的倒闭”，可知该词是“倒闭；结束”的意思，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The US government took extraordinary steps on Sunday after the historic failure of Silicon Valley Bank(SVB), assuring depositors(存款人) at the institution that they would be able to quickly access all of their money. (在硅谷银行（SVB）历史性倒闭后，美国政府于周日采取了非同寻常的措施，向该机构的储户保证，他们将能够迅速获得所有资金。)”可知，本文主要介绍美国将救助破产银行的储户的事情。故选A。
（2023·四川·模拟预测）More than 100 streets in New York City’s five boroughs (行政区) will go car-free to celebrate Earth Day. For the fifth year in a row, the city will mark the occasion by closing streets to vehicles, according to a news release from the NYC Department of Transportation. The closings will take place from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Saturday, April 23, 2022, the day after Earth Day is observed around the world.
“Earth Day is when we can all devote ourselves to protecting our Earth and one way we can do that is by repurposing our roadways,” said Department of Transportation Commissioner Ydanis Rodriguez, according to the release. “Car-Free Earth Day is a growing tradition that allows New York City’s car-free streets to come alive,” said Rodriguez.
During the celebration, usually busy streets will be used for a variety of public programs including music, dance, art, biking and education, according to the transportation department. Twenty-two public plazas and over 1,000 miles of bike network will be accessible.
In New York City, motor vehicles release 28% of the total emissions of nitrogen oxide, which can cause acid rain and contribute to pollution, according to the city’s Department of Environmental Protection.
Steps have been taken to limit the environmental impact of motor vehicles. In 2021, Gov. Kathy Hochul signed legislation (法规) setting a goal for all new passenger cars and trucks sold in New York to be zero-emissions by 2035.
“When we open streets to pedestrians (行人) and cyclists, they become community spaces for our neighborhoods and a benefit to our local small businesses,” said New York City Public Advocate Jumaane D．Williams, according to the new release. “I’m glad this program has already experienced so much success, and I hope that this initiative grows to include more spaces, especially in our outer boroughs.”
37．When did New York begin to close streets to vehicles to celebrate Earth Day?
A．In 2017.
B．In 2018.
C．In 2019.
D．In 2020.
38．What can we learn about Car-free Earth Day?
A．It will take place on April 22 in New York.
B．All the streets will be closed to motor vehicles.
C．It makes New York’s car-free streets come to life.
D．All the public plazas will be used for public programs.
39．What’s Jumaane Williams’s attitude towards the initiative?
A．Negative.
B．Pessimistic.
C．Concerned.
D．Positive.
40．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．New York will take an initiative to protect the Earth.
B．Many York City streets will be car-free for Earth Day.
C．How to celebrate Earth Day in New York City’s boroughs.
D．How to limit the environmental impact of motor vehicles.

【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要讲述纽约市五个行政区的100多条街道将在地球日期间无机动车通行。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“For the fifth year in a row, the city will mark the occasion by closing streets to vehicles, according to a news release from the NYC Department of Transportation. (根据纽约市交通部发布的一份新闻稿，该市将连续第五年对车辆关闭街道以纪念这一节日)”可知，该市将连续第五年关闭街道，禁止车辆通行，故是在2018年开始这一举措的，故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Car-Free Earth Day is a growing tradition that allows New York City’s car-free streets to come alive (无车地球日是一个不断发展的传统，它让纽约市的无车街道变得活跃起来)”可知，无车地球日是一个不断发展的传统，它让纽约市的无车街道变得活跃起来，故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“I’m glad this program has already experienced so much success, and I hope that this initiative grows to include more spaces, especially in our outer boroughs. (我很高兴这个项目已经取得了如此大的成功，我希望这个倡议能够扩大到包括更多的空间，尤其是在我们的外行政区)”可以推断，Jumaane D. Williams对这个倡议持积极态度，故选D。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“More than 100 streets in New York City’s five boroughs (行政区) will go car-free to celebrate Earth Day. (纽约市五个行政区的100多条街道将无车行驶，以庆祝地球日)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述纽约市五个行政区的100多条街道将在地球日期间无车通行，故选B。
（2023·河北石家庄·正定一中校考模拟预测）Towns across Italy have been racing to launch clever projects aimed at encouraging new residents to revive (复兴) their fortunes in recent years. From old homes selling for little more than a dollar to ready-to-occupy houses at knockdown prices, there’s been a crazy competition.
The town of Presicce in the sunny region of Puglia is the latest to enter the game with a tantalizing offer. Officials say they’ll pay people up to 30,000 euros to buy an empty dwelling (住宅) and take up residency.
Even better, the houses for sale as part of the deal are priced from around 25,000 euros. Like other cheap properties on sale across Italy, they’ve been long abandoned by their original owners. There’s an added bonus: they’re surrounded by the nature of the Salento area and close to beautiful beaches and greenish-blue clear waters of Santa Maria di Leuca.
“There’re many empty homes in the historical center built before 1991, which we’d like to see alive again with new residents,” says local official Alfredo Palese. “It’s a pity to witness how our old districts full of history, wonderful architecture and art are slowly emptying.”
“We’ll be offering up to 30,000 euros to people willing to move here and buy one of these abandoned dwellings,” he adds. “The total funding will be split into two: it’ll go partly into buying an old home and partly into restyling it, if needed.”
A 2019 merger (合并) with a neighboring community to create the larger town of Presicce-Acquarica has left extra money to ensure the project can continue for years to come. “After the merger, our wider territory will be blessed with more public funds, roughly 1,000,000 euros per year for several years forward, which we intend to invest to revitalize the old district,” says Palese.
Together, Presicce and Acquarica have 9,000 residents but only half of them live in the older part of the community. So the town hall has already launched other projects to attract more residents, including tax benefits to set up new business activities and baby bonuses for families with kids.
41．What does the underlined word “tantalizing” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Attractive. B．Legal. C．Traditional. D．Worrying.
42．What is another advantage of the abandoned houses besides the price?
A．Their valuable furniture. B．Their incredible surroundings.
C．Their interesting owners. D．Their friendly atmosphere.
43．Why is the 2019 merger mentioned in the text?
A．It draws attention to the town. B．It cuts the cost of the project.
C．It provides more financial resources. D．It restyles abandoned dwellings.
44．What about the old district bothers the Presicce-Acquarica government?
A．Its forgotten history. B．Its low tax rates.
C．Its declining population. D．Its polluted environment.

【答案】41．A 42．B 43．C 44．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。意大利各地的城镇竞相推出各种聪明的项目，旨在鼓励新居民重振家业，文章以Presicce镇为例，介绍了该镇为了振兴当地的老城区，不但房价很便宜，政府还承诺将为愿意定居在此的人提供一定的资金补贴。
41．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The town of Presicce in the sunny region of Puglia is the latest to enter the game with a tantalizing offer. Officials say they’ll pay people up to 30,000 euros to buy an empty dwelling (住宅) and take up residency. (位于阳光明媚的普利亚地区的普雷西塞镇是最新进入游戏的地方，它提供了tantalizing的报价。官员们表示，他们将支付高达3万欧元的费用，让人们购买一套空置的住宅，并在此居住。)”，以及第三段“Even better, the houses for sale as part of the deal are priced from around 25,000 euros. Like other cheap properties on sale across Italy, they’ve been long abandoned by their original owners. (更好的是，作为交易的一部分，待售房屋的价格在2.5万欧元左右。就像意大利其他正在出售的廉价房产一样，它们早就被原来的主人遗弃了。)”可知，为了促销，政府会给购房者经济补贴，其房价超便宜，故报价很诱人的，与Attractive意思相近，故选A项。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“There’s an added bonus: they’re surrounded by the nature of the Salento area and close to beautiful beaches and greenish-blue clear waters of Santa Maria di Leuca. (还有一个额外的好处：它们被萨伦托地区的大自然所包围，靠近美丽的海滩和圣玛丽亚迪卢卡的绿蓝色清澈的海水。)”可知，这些废弃的房屋周边环境很好，故选B项。
43．细节理解题。根据第六段“A 2019 merger (合并) with a neighboring community to create the larger town of Presicce-Acquarica has left extra money to ensure the project can continue for years to come. ‘After the merger, our wider territory will be blessed with more public funds, roughly 1,000,000 euros per year for several years forward, which we intend to invest to revitalize the old district,’ says Palese. (2019年与邻近社区合并，创建了更大的普莱西塞-阿夸里卡镇，这为确保该项目在未来几年继续下去留下了额外的资金。‘合并后，我们更广阔的领土将得到更多的公共资金，未来几年每年大约100万欧元，我们打算投入这些资金来振兴老地区，’Palese说。)”可知，文中提到了2019年的合并政策，是因为2019合并政策提供了额外的资金，未来几年每年大约100万欧元投入老地区的建设。故选C项。
44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Together, Presicce and Acquarica have 9,000 residents but only half of them live in the older part of the community. So the town hall has already launched other projects to attract more residents, including tax benefits to set up new business activities and baby bonuses for families with kids. (普雷西塞和阿夸里卡总共有9000名居民，但其中只有一半住在社区的老城区。因此，市政府已经启动了其他项目来吸引更多的居民，包括设立新商业活动的税收优惠，以及为有孩子的家庭提供婴儿奖金。)”可知，老城区入住人口只占了一半，所以老城区的人口减少是一件困扰当地政府的事，故选C项。
（2023·江西赣州·统考一模）I saw the Swedish film adaptation (starred by Tobias Almborge and Anna-Lena Brudin ) of Fredrik Backman’s incredibly funny, heartbreaking novel “A Man Called Ove”. Toward the end of that film, which was beautifully written and directed by Hannes Holm, there is a scene in which Ove, a widower (鳏夫) in his 60s, takes his neighbors out for a drive. As they ride together, the normally unfriendly and severe Ove sighs, allows himself a rare smile and says: “This is living.”
Most viewers probably didn’t give this little comment of Ove’s a second thought. For me, though, it marked the turning point of Ove’s search for renewed purpose in his life.
In Ove, Backman has created a character who at times can be unreasonable, stubborn and even downright rude - the sort of man whose shocking and morally unacceptable reactions to everyday situations become the subject of comic anecdotes that are retold countless times by enemies and friends alike.
Many of the people telling those stories don’t realize, though, that much of Ove’s strange behavior is actually a symptom of his private heartache. Widowed, living alone and recently pushed into retirement, Ove is struggling at the outset of Backman’s story to find something worth living for, and his unwillingness to share with others what he is going through serves only to further separate him from the world. Ove’s situation reminds me of the isolation we all felt during the COVID pandemic. I saw along with everyone else how quickly loneliness and isolation can influence harmony, driving people apart at a time when we need to connect to others the most.
Ove is just going on a drive with neighbors when he says, “This is living,” but I think he is feeling the way many of us did when the pandemic became less serious and we began to reconnect with the world. In that moment, Ove has started to find his new purpose just by allowing others back into his life and caring for them.
49．Who is the screenwriter of A Man Called Ove?
A．Tobias Almborge.
B．Anna-Lena Brudin.
C．Fredrik Backman.
D．Hannes Holm.
50．What can we know about Ove?
A．He was born with bad temper.
B．He is popular with people around.
C．He has integrated himself into society.
D．He suffers from social anxiety disorder.
51．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．Ove’s present living situation.
B．The influence of the COVID pandemic.
C．The reasons behind Ove’s strange behavior.
D．The importance of relationship with others.
52．What is this text?
A．A diary entry.
B．A movie review.
C．A book introduction.
D．A short story.

【答案】49．D 50．C 51．C 52．B
【导语】本文是一篇影评。文章主要介绍作者对改编自弗雷德里克·巴克曼（Fredrik Backman）令人难以置信的搞笑、令人心碎的小说《一个叫奥夫的人》的瑞典电影的评价。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段“Toward the end of that film, which was beautifully written and directed by Hannes Holm (在这部由汉内斯·霍姆（Hannes Holm）编剧和导演的电影的结尾)”可知，这部电影是汉内斯·霍姆（Hannes Holm）写的。故选D。
50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In that moment, Ove has started to find his new purpose just by allowing others back into his life and caring for them. (从那一刻起，奥韦开始找到自己的新目标，只需要让别人重新回到他的生活中，并照顾他们。)”可知，奥韦已经让他自己融入到了社会中。故选C。
51．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Many of the people telling those stories don’t realize, though, that much of Ove’s strange behavior is actually a symptom of his private heartache. Widowed, living alone and recently pushed into retirement, Ove is struggling at the outset of Backman’s story to find something worth living for, and his unwillingness to share with others what he is going through serves only to further separate him from the world. Ove’s situation reminds me of the isolation we all felt during the COVID pandemic. I saw along with everyone else how quickly loneliness and isolation can influence harmony, driving people apart at a time when we need to connect to others the most. (然而，许多讲述这些故事的人并没有意识到，奥夫的许多奇怪行为实际上是他内心心痛的症状。孤寡独居，最近被迫退休，在贝克曼的故事开始时，他就在努力寻找值得活下去的东西，而他不愿与他人分享他的经历只会让他与世界进一步分离。奥夫的情况让我想起了我们在新冠肺炎大流行期间所感受到的孤立。我和其他人一起看到，孤独和孤立会很快影响和谐，在我们最需要与他人建立联系的时候，会把人们分开。)”可知，这一段主要讲述奥夫的许多奇怪行为的原因。故选C。
52．推理判断题。根据第一段“I saw the Swedish film adaptation (starred by Tobias Almborge and Anna-Lena Brudin ) of Fredrik Backman’s incredibly funny, heartbreaking novel “A Man Called Ove”. Toward the end of that film, which was beautifully written and directed by Hannes Holm, there is a scene in which Ove, a widower (鳏夫)in his 60s, takes his neighbors out for a drive. As they ride together, the normally unfriendly and severe Ove sighs, allows himself a rare smile and says: “This is living.” (我看了由托拜厄斯 · 阿姆伯格(Tobias Almborge)和安娜-莉娜 · 布鲁丁(Anna-Lena Brudin)主演的瑞典电影改编自弗雷德里克 · 贝克曼(Fredrik Backman)令人难以置信地滑稽、令人心碎的小说《一个叫奥维的男人》(A Man Called Ove)。这部电影由汉纳斯 · 霍尔姆(Hannes Holm)编剧和导演，剧中有一个场景，60多岁的鳏夫奥韦带着邻居们出去兜风。当他们一起骑车时，通常不友好和严厉的奥韦叹了口气，允许自己一个罕见的微笑，说: “这就是生活。”)”根据第二段“Most viewers probably didn’t give this little comment of Ove’s a second thought. For me, though, it marked the turning point of Ove’s search for renewed purpose in his life.”（大多数观众可能不会对奥维的这个小评论多想几句。但对我来说，这标志着奥维寻找人生新目标的转折点。）可知，这篇文章是电影评论。故选B。
（2023·江苏泰州·泰州中学校考一模）Standing on the shore of a lake. I can’t help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time.
And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks?
Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1.000 years ago. And much like a rock, I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.
Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together.
But I’m not a rock. I’m a human being filled with all the drama built into my DNA．
Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask several people to leave for not wearing masks. Not forceful and not rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can to get through this together.”
The group of young men wished to argue about the note.
I sat watching, understanding both sides. I’ve been those guys before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow from experiences by looking through the eyes of others. In learning to be more open, I’ve also found more happiness and success.
You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others.
Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view.
I placed a rounded stone into my jacket pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again.
53．What does the author compare the rocks to?
A．People’s abilities. B．People’s personalities.
C．What nature offers us. D．Challenges we come across.
54．Why did the group of guys argue in the restaurant?
A．They were dissatisfied with the owner’s attitude to them.
B．They were unwilling to do what the owner wished them to.
C．They intended to skip out on the bill due to the poor service.
D．They were not allowed to leave the restaurant for their rudeness.
55．What does the author want to tell us with this text?
A．We should adjust to new conditions.
B．Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life.
C．It’s necessary to consider the feelings of others.
D．Being open and understanding brings you more happiness.
56．What might be the best title of the text?
A．Changing with Time B．Learning from Nature
C．Growing from Experiences D．Seeing from a Different Angle

【答案】53．B 54．B 55．D 56．A
【导语】本篇是一篇记叙性散文。作者通过观看海岸岩石，对人的性格品质产生了思考，我们可以从岩石中学到什么?作者并产生了一定的联想。
53．推理判断题。文章前三段标明作者对岩石引起对人的思考，从第三段最后一句话“And much like a rock, I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.(就像一块岩石一样，每次环绕太阳旅行，我都发现自己的态度软化了，更好地理解他人的愿望也扩大了。)”可知，岩石教会作者去理解他人，这是人类的个性，即是性格品质。故选B。
54．细节理解题。根据第六段“Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask several people to leave for not wearing masks. Not forceful and not rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can to get through this together.”(两年前，我在太平洋西北地区旅行时，看到一家餐馆的老板要求几个人离开，因为他们没有戴口罩。不强迫也不粗鲁。门上写着：“进入本餐厅前请戴上口罩。我们也不喜欢这样，但让我们尽我们所能一起度过难关吧。”)”和第七段“The group of young men wished to argue about the note.(这群年轻人想就这张便条争论一番。)”可知，年轻人们不愿意做老板要求他们做的事。故选B。
55．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And much like a rock, I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.(就像一块岩石一样，每次环绕太阳旅行，我都发现自己的态度软化了，更好地理解他人的愿望也扩大了。)”、第八段“I sat watching, understanding both sides.(我坐在那里看着，理解双方。)”和第九段“You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others.(你可以在罐子里装更多圆形的石头，而不是边缘锋利的石头。前者想办法调整自己，为他人腾出空间；后者从不为迁就他人而让步。)”可推断，作者想通过这篇文章告诉我们，开放和理解会给你带来更多的快乐。故选D。
56．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view.(时间，就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头，通过冲走我们从别人的角度看世界的阻力，改变了我们。)”可知，我们每个人都在随时间而改变，和海边的石头一样，因此，A选项“Changing with Time(随时间而改变)”为本篇文章的最佳标题。故选A。
（2023·湖北·校联考模拟预测）Scientist Erika Nesvold once asked a company aiming to mine the moon how he planned to address risks that mining equipment might carry microbes (微生物) from Earth and pollute the moon. The response: “We’ll worry about that later.”
That’s an irresponsible mindset when it comes to preparing for people to live and work in space, Nesvold argues in her new book, Off-Earth. “... adopting a ‘worry about it later’ attitude...strikes me as a path to repeating the tragedies of that history through ignorance.” Nesvold writes.
Off-Earth is an extension of her 2017 podcast (播客), Making New Worlds, which asked ethical (伦理的) questions about space settlement. The book takes some of the same questions and expands on them.
Most chapters start with three short scenes, usually from different time periods. A chapter outlining debates over whether to settle space at all starts by asking the reader to imagine being in the 1600s and deciding to uproot your family and head to the New World. A chapter on how land usage and ownership rights might work in space imagines a person recently freed from slavery in the U. S. South in 1865 and worrying that the new president will take back the land they finally own. The third scene is usually set in the year 2100, on a space settlement.
Then Nesvold examines how various ethical scenarios (场景) related to the chapter’s theme might play out in space. She quotes experts in fields that don’t often come up in space science: ethics, philosophy, law. This approach is a departure from many books about the future of life on the final frontier, forcing readers to face hard realities and possible points of friction. To have the best chance of avoiding disaster, the time to consider those questions is now, not later, even though space settlement may be decades or centuries away, Nesvold argues.
Off-Earth should be required reading for anyone who dreams about living in space and can help make our earthbound civilizations better too.
57．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?
A．To clarify a concept. B．To introduce a topic.
C．To make a prediction. D．To generate a discussion.
58．What set(s) Off-Earth apart from others?
A．Its writing style. B．Its text structure.
C．Its story elements. D．Its writing techniques.
59．What’s Nesvold’s attitude to space settlement?
A．Cautious. B．Unclear.
C．Intolerant. D．Disapproving.
60．What is the text?
A．A short story. B．A news report.
C．A book review. D．A research essay.

【答案】57．B 58．D 59．A 60．C
【导语】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了科学家Nesvold的新书Off-Earth的相关内容。
57．推理判断题。文章第一段讲述了一段往事。科学家Nesvold询问一家公司是否担心开发月球会导致月球被污染，却得到不负责任的答复。结合下文对Nesvold的新书Off-Earth的介绍推知，讲述这个故事目的是为了引出本篇文章即将要讨论的主题。故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的“She quotes experts in fields that don’t often come up in space science: ethics, philosophy, law. This approach is a departure from many books about the future of life on the final frontier, forcing readers to face hard realities and possible points of friction.(她引用了空间科学中不常出现的领域的专家的话：伦理学、哲学、法律。这种方法与许多关于最后边疆生活未来的书不同，迫使读者面对严峻的现实和可能的摩擦点)”可知，Nevsvold的写作方式使得这本书和其他同样话题的书不一样。故选D。
59．推理判断题。通读全文可知，Nesvold在书中讨论了太空殖民可能碰到的很多问题，再根据文章倒数第二段的“To have the best chance of avoiding disaster, the time to consider those questions is now, not later, even though space settlement may be decades or centuries away, Nesvold argues.(Nesvold认为，为了有最好的机会避免灾难，考虑这些问题的时候是现在，而不是以后，尽管太空解决方案可能需要几十年或几个世纪的时间)”可知，Nesvold并不反对太空殖民，但是他对此却非常小心谨慎，认为要避免重复历史的悲剧。故选A。
60．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了Nesvold的一本书，以及其在书中呈现的观点。根据最后一段“Off-Earth should be required reading for anyone who dreams about living in space and can help make our earthbound civilizations better too.(任何梦想在太空生活的人都应该阅读Off-Earth，这也有助于让我们的地球文明变得更好)”可知，作者还向人们推荐了这本书。由此推知，这是一篇书评。故选C。
（2023·湖南长沙·长沙市明德中学校考二模）If Egyptian comics artist and writer Deena Mohamed ever encountered a genie(精灵), she knows what she’d wish for. She’d wish for everyone she loved to live to age 120. And she’d wish for any book she ever wanted to read to appear right in front of her eyes.
“If I ever come across a genie, I have to be ready,” she says. “They have to be smart wishes.” Wishes are the theme of her first graphic fantasy novel, Shubeik Lubeik, published this week by Pantheon Books. The book follows Shokry, a grocer in Cairo, Egypt, as he tries to sell off three wishes he inherited from his father. He meets three Egyptians whose lives can be radically transformed by the power of a wish.
The book highlights the fantastical — there are dragons, talking donkeys and a ridiculous scene where someone wishes for a BMW and gets a toy car. But the story is also remarkably grounded in the realities of modern life in Egypt. It touches on the life of the poor, who must navigate complicated processes to get what they need. One character, a poor woman named Aziza, picks up trash, scrubs floors and works numerous jobs to buy a wish — only to find that before she can use it, she must register her wish with Egypt’s Ministry of Wishes. When she finally gets in front of a government worker, they assume she has stolen the wish and confiscate(没收)it. Mohamed writes, “What stands between you and your wish could be a government employee with paperwork on the fourth floor.”
Mohamed, 28, who was born and raised in Cairo, said, “It’s just the way I’ve experienced the world. So it’s the way I built my own world.” The book won the top prize at the Cairo Comix Festival, an annual comics convention for cartoonists in Egypt and the Middle East.
61．What do we know about Shubeik Lubeik?
A．Wishes are the theme of this comic book.
B．Mohamed is the main character of the book.
C．The book won the top prize awarded by Pantheon Books.
D．The book radically transformed the lives of three Egyptians.
62．What words can be used to describe the book?
A．Ridiculous and appealing. B．Fantastical and realistic.
C．Interesting and educational. D．Touching and complicated.
63．Why does the writer use the example of Aziza in her novel2
A．To imply the importance of wishes.
B．To show how hard-working the woman is.
C．To expose the corruption of the government.
D．To indicate how complicated the government’s work is.
64．What is the style of the passage?
A．A novel. B．A biography. C．A review. D．A guidance.

【答案】61．A 62．B 63．C 64．C
【导语】本文为一篇书评。介绍了埃及青年漫画作家Deena Mohamed的首部漫画小说。
61．细节理解题。根据第二段的信息句“Wishes are the theme of her first graphic fantasy novel, Shubeik Lubeik, published this week by Pantheon Books.(愿望是她的第一部图画奇幻小说《Shubeik Lubeik》的主题，该小说本周由万神殿图书出版)”可知，愿望是这本书的主题，故选A项。
62．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The book highlights the fantastical — there are dragons, talking donkeys and a ridiculous scene where someone wishes for a BMW and gets a toy car. But the story is also remarkably grounded in the realities of modern life in Egypt. (这本书突出了奇幻——有龙、会说话的驴子和一个荒谬的场景，有人希望得到一辆宝马并得到一辆玩具车。但这个故事也非常基于埃及现代生活的现实)”可知，这本书既充满了幻想又基于现实生活，故选B项。
63．推理判断题。根据第三段的“It touches on the life of the poor, who must navigate complicated processes to get what they need.”(它触及了穷人的生活，他们必须经历复杂的过程才能得到他们所需要的东西。)可知，作者举例是为了揭露政府官僚作风的腐败，故选C项。
64．推理判断题。全文介绍了书的作者，主题，故事情节等，并且对书做出评价。故此可以看出该篇文章的文体是书评，故选C项。
（2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考三模）“What if I told you that I murdered Basil?”
“You couldn’t murder anyone, Dorian. He probably fell into the Seine from a bus. By the way, where’s that wonderful portrait he did of you? Oh! I remember now. You told me years ago that you sent it to Selby Manor and that it got lost or stolen on the way. What a pity! I wanted to buy it. I wish I had now.” Lord Henry said.
“I never really liked it,” said Dorian.
“How have you kept your youth, Dorian? You must have some secret. I’m only ten years older than you are, and I’m wrinkled and old. Please, tell me your secret. To get back my youth, I’d do anything in the world, except take exercise, get up early, or be respectable.”
When Dorian arrived home that night, he sent his servant to bed, and sat down on the sofa in the library. Then he began to think about his life.
“I’ve been an evil influence on my friends, and I’ve ruined the lives of many good young people,” he thought, “Ah! Why did I pray for the portrait to grow old, and for me to stay young? I worshiped beauty and eternal youth, but they ruined me. It’s better not to think of the past. Nothing can change that. I must think of the future. James Vane is dead. Alan Campbell is dead, too. He shot himself one night in his laboratory.”
“I’m safe now,” he continued. “Basil painted the portrait that ruined my life. I can’t forgive him for that. Everything is the portrait’s fault.”
He began to wonder about the portrait. “If I’m good, maybe the portrait will become beautiful again,” he thought. “I’ll go and look.”
He took the lamp from the table and went upstairs. As he unlocked the door, he smiled. “Yes, I’ll be good,” he thought, “I won’t be frightened of this portrait any more.”
He went upstairs to the room and locked the door. Then he pulled the purple cloth off the portrait. He gave a cry of pain. The portrait was more horrible. His face looked more evil. There was new blood on the hand and on the feet.
Dorian trembled with fear. Dorian looked round the room and saw the knife that stabbed Basil Hallward. It was bright and shining.
“This knife killed the artist, and now it will kill the artist’s work,” he thought.
He grabbed the knife, and then he stabbed the portrait with it.
65．What do we know about Lord Henry from the passage?
A．He doubted slightly whether Dorian murdered Basil.
B．He would do whatever he could to get back his youth.
C．The portrait he wanted to buy was stolen by Selby Manor.
D．The truth about how Dorian kept his youth was hidden from him.
66．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Dorian admitted he was badly affected by his friends.
B．Alan Campbell shot himself one night in his laboratory.
C．Dorian blamed his sufferings on the portrait and Basil.
D．Dorian wanted to kill himself so that the portrait could become normal.
67．What does the underlined word “worshiped” mean in paragraph 6?
A．Admired. B．Deserved. C．Maintained. D．Ignored.
68．Why did Dorian stab the portrait at the end of the story?
A．Because the portrait aroused too much curiosity of his friends.
B．Because the portrait reflecting his soul made him suffer great pain.
C．Because he was jealous of the portrait which would never grow old.
D．Because he thought the portrait would take his youth and beauty away.
【答案】65．D 66．C 67．A 68．B
【导语】本文是一篇小说节选。多里安切断了他的脸和内心、他的外表和内在世界的联系。他的脸没有改变，总是年轻、漂亮。但是这幅画像——用爱的画笔描绘的画像——却在讲述着真实的故事。它才是真实的多里安·格雷——一天天变老、变丑并满怀恨意。
65．推理判断题。根据第四段中“You must have some secret. I’m only ten years older than you are, and I’m wrinkled and old. Please, tell me your secret.（你一定有什么秘密。我只比你大十岁，而且我又皱又老。请告诉我你的秘密。）”可知，亨利勋爵不知道多里安保持年轻的秘密，故选择D项。
66．细节理解题。根据第七段中“Basil painted the portrait that ruined my life. I can’t forgive him for that. Everything is the portrait’s fault.（巴兹尔画的肖像毁了我的生活。我不能原谅他那样做。一切都是肖像画的错。）”可知，多里安认为他所遭受的痛苦都是巴兹尔和他所画的肖像造成的，故选择C项。
67．词句猜测题。根据上文“Ah! Why did I pray for the portrait to grow old, and for me to stay young?（啊！为什么我要祈祷这幅肖像变老，让我保持年轻？）”可知，美丽是他所崇尚的，admired“被赞美的，被敬仰的”是worship的近义词，故选择A项。
68．推理判断题。根据第十段中“Then he pulled the purple cloth off the portrait. He gave a cry of pain. The portrait was more horrible. His face looked more evil. There was new blood on the hand and on the feet.（然后他把画像上的紫色布料扯下来。他痛苦地叫了一声。画像更可怕。他的脸看起来更邪恶。手上和脚上都有新血。）”以及第十一段中 “Dorian trembled with fear （多里安吓得浑身发抖）”可知，多里安刺穿画像，是因为他觉得这幅反应他的灵魂的画像给他带来了痛苦，故选择B项。

真题演练
2023年阅读理解新闻报道

Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
8. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
9. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
【2023年全国甲卷】 I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?
A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works.
C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?
A. Its views on history are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C. It includes comments from readers.
D. It leaves an open ending.
31. What does the author think of Weiner’s book?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明书评。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
【2023年浙江卷1月】A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the use of a software program.
B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。

2022年阅读理解新闻报道

Passage1
【2022年全国乙卷】In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
2020年阅读理解新闻报道

Passage1
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A. To see famous film stars.
B. To oppose wearing fur coats.
C. To raise money for animal protection.
D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making “Apes.”
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes.”
D. The performance of real apes.
26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely.
B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully.
D. Watching carefully.
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally
D. They would lose popularity.
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
24. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
25. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
26. 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
Passage2
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28. 细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29. 推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
Passage 3
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
9. 词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
Passage 4
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
8. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A. It carried more weight than it could.
B. It swayed violently in a strong wind
C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles
D. Its access was blocked by many people.
9. Which of the following is Dr Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A. No design is well received everywhere
B. Construction is more important than design.
C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design
D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
10. What does the last paragraph suggest?
A. Failure can lead to progress. B. Success results in overconfidence
C. Failure should be avoided. D. Success comes from joint efforts.
11. What is the text?
A. A news report B. A short story.
C. A book review D. A research article.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】这是一篇书评。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。
2019年阅读理解新闻报道

Passage1
【2019年浙江卷6月】Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A. Women tended to be more sociable.
B. The activity attracted various people.
C. Economic problems were getting worse.
D. Young couples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A. To do a test on people’s morals.
B. To raise money for his company.
C. To earn himself a good reputation.
D. To promote kindness and sympathy.
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。
24.C 【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段“But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的money with no strings attached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故B选项正确。
25.B 【解析】推理判断题。由第二段““People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以通过泰勒·布里奇斯所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B选项正确。
26.D 【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy”可知，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。故D选项正确。