重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期高考适应性月考（二）试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期高考适应性月考（二）试题（Word版附解析），共9页。试卷主要包含了 B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
重庆市第八中学2024届高考适应性月考卷（二）
英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。
3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
注意，听力部分答题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the man do later?
A. Go to a party. B. Finish his work. C. Catch a bus.
2. What could Mr. Hopkins probably be?
A. A repairman. B. A salesman. C. A policeman.
3. What does the man think of Jessie?
A. She is a coffee lover.
B. She is in good shape.
C. She is not serious.
4. What does the man want to do?
A. Have a rest.
B. Talk about his day.
C. Wash the dishes later.
5. What does the man mean?
A. He missed the speech.
B. He lost his way to the train station.
C. He couldn’t understand what the lecture r said.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6. What is the purpose of the woman’s call?
A. To ask the way.
B. To set a time to meet.
C. To ask about a refrigerator.
7. When does the store open?
A. At 9: 00. B. At 10: 00. C. At 11: 00.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8. Where has Jackson been?
A. To the Forbidden City. B. To the Great Wall. C. To hutongs.
9. What activity did boys always do in hutongs?
A. They jumped rope.
B. They played football.
C. They enjoyed hide-and-seek.
10. What seems rare to Westerners about hutongs?
A. Keeping traditional habits.
B. People often losing their way.
C. Different generations living together.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
11. How does the man feel now?
A. Homesick. B. Annoyed. C. Hungry.
12. What festival is celebrated in the woman’s motherland at this time?
A. Halloween. B. The Day of the Dead. C. The New Yam Festival.
13. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Treat Yon Mi to lunch.
B. Share something about a festival.
C. Join in the International Fall Festival.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
14. What is the woman most concerned with about the hotel?
A. The price. B. The position. C. The environment.
15. How much will the woman pay in total?
A. £220. B. £400. C.£660.
16. Where is the hotel?
A. Across from a cinema.
B. On the right of Hyde Park.
C. Opposite Marble Arch station.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
17. What is the purpose of setting up the project?
A. To help students be ready for real life.
B. To teach students to write application letters.
C. To let students know about some typical jobs.
18 What is the headmaster expected to do?
A. Recommend jobs to students.
B. Ask the teacher to explain the project.
C. Announce the news of the project clearly.
19. Who will help students to write application letters?
A. A member of the committee.
B. The headmaster.
C. A teacher.
20. What is the last step of doing the project?
A. Gather students’ opinions.
B. Make a list of suitable jobs.
C. Ask students to take on responsibility.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Inc.com Icons & Innovators
Powerful books Elon Musk recommends
Elon Musk’s must-read list exhibits his well-known and deep interest in science, as well as the personalities behind it.
Benjamin Franklin
An American Life
By Walter Isaacson
Why It’s Inspiring: Born in South Africa, Musk was always appealed to America. where he took multiple degrees, founded his businesses, and gained citizenship at the age of 41. Musk sees Franklin as the type of American he himself would like to be and become: a combination of statesman, inventor, and businessman.
Catherine the Great
Portrait of a Woman
By Robert K. Massie
Why It’s Inspiring: Musk’s sister is a noted film director, his first wife an accomplished novelist, and his second wife a successful actress studying physics. It’s easy to see how Musk is drawn to an historical figure who in many ways resembles the women in his life.
Einstein
His Life and Universe
By Walter Isaacson
Why It’s Inspiring: Musk’s first college degree was a BS in physics, and his companies 一SpaceX, Tesla, and SolarCity all depend on a deep and ongoing understanding of physics and chemistry. Einstein essentially created humans’ modern understanding of the world, so it’s logical that Musk is interested in Einstein’s life and work.
Howard Hughes
His Life and Madness
By Donald L. Barlett
Why It’s Inspiring: Despite his brilliance as an inventor and businessman, Hughes never achieved the level of technological success he sought. Today, he’s remembered more for his great est failure (the Spruce Goose) than for his successes. Tesla sees Howard Hughes as a role model for what to avoid rather than follow.
1. Which of the four types of people does Elon Musk want to be?
A. Einstein. B. Howard Hughes.
C. Benjamin Franklin. D. Catherine the Great.
2. What aspect of Howard Hughes inspires Tesla most?
A. His success in technology. B. His understanding of the world.
C. His brilliance as a businessman. D. His failure in the Spruce Goose.
3. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A review. B. A webpage.
C. A biography. D. An advertisement.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍Elon Musk推荐的几本书。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由An American Life中“Musk sees Franklin as the type of American he himself would like to be and become: a combination of statesman, inventor, and businessman.(Musk认为富兰克林是他自己想要成为的美国人：政治家、发明家和商人的结合体)”可知，Elon Musk想成为像富兰克林那样的人。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由His Life and Madness中“Today, he’s remembered more for his great est failure (the Spruce Goose) than for his successes. Tesla sees Howard Hughes as a role model for what to avoid rather than follow.(今天，人们对他的记忆更多的是他最伟大的失败（the Spruce Goose），而不是他的成功。特斯拉将Howard Hughes视为避免而非遵循的榜样)”可知，Howard Hughes在the Spruce Goose上的失败激励了特斯拉。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由文章开头“Inc.com Icons & Innovators(Inc.com 图标和创新者)”可知，.com是互联网之DNS上的一个通用顶级域，所以这篇文章应来自于一篇网页。故选B项。
B
My twelve-year-old daughter, Clementine. is obsessed with the character Eleven from Netflix’s Stranger Things. Sandwiched between two brothers, Clementine is rough and awkward at times, what back in my day people called a tomboy. For a while I feared, despite all the female empowerment messages on TV and T-shirts, she was starting to think girls were stupid. Then along came Stranger Things, with its tongue-tied and bald rebel who can smash train cars with the power of her mind.
For the most part, I’m thrilled that Clementine wants to be Eleven, who is the rare young heroine, equally brilliant and raw and possessed of perseverance and hope, with a desire for human connection and the skill to battle the evil. She is an enormous set up from my childhood girl-crushes including all six Iadies in Charlie’s Angels and the Lynda Carter version of Wonder Woman who are all competitive and smart. But it’s interesting to me that my daughter lit upon a character whose primary emotion is this massive anger and whose main role in the show consists of learning to channel her anger to defeat a dark force. Is Clementine seeing what she longs for or identifies with? If she had such powers, what would she want to do?
Parents everywhere understand there is a mental health crisis amongst young people. Girls especially are losing hope. We just don’t know how or even what to fix. Maybe Eleven can give these girls a blueprint, or faith that they can one day be in charge again. Maybe she can encourage those girls to fight back. Somewhere deep down, they sense that rage is exactly the right thing to feel. And why waste that passion slamming doors and cursing brothers when their anger could be employed to conquer so much more?
For our daughters, Eleven lays out a path into the future. Simply being ambitious and resourceful is no longer enough. Circumstances are calling for a new sort of heroine, one with a brain potent enough to make the best of her anger.
4. What can we know about Clementine according to paragraph 1?
A. Clementine considers girls foolish.
B. Clementine is obsessed with TV dramas.
C. Clementine possesses supernatural power.
D. Clementine sometimes behaves in a boyish way.
5. Why is the author interested in her daughter’s new idol?
A. Because the author is curious about how the dark force is defeated.
B. Because the author is not sure whether her daughter is powerful enough.
C. Because the author tries to understand if her daughter does admire Eleven.
D. Because the author wants to figure out whether Eleven is a proper idol to follow.
6. What do the underlined words “such powers” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Brilliance and desire. B. Competence and smartness.
C. Anger and its application. D. Hope and its crisis.
7. Which of following might be the author’s advice for girls?
A Young girls should have their own models to follow.
B. It is necessary for girls to manage their negative emotions.
C. The world never expects girls to be angry with people around them.
D. Being ambitious and resourceful is no longer important for girls’ growth.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者女儿Clementine沉迷于《怪奇物语》中的角色Eleven，想当一位女英雄，而作者也赞成女儿的做法，认为形势需要一个新的女英雄，一个有足够强大的大脑来充分利用她的愤怒的女英雄。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“Sandwiched between two brothers, Clementine is rough and awkward at times, what back in my day people called a tomboy. (Clementine夹在两个兄弟之间，有时粗鲁笨拙，在我那个时代人们称之为假小子。)”可知，Clementine有时表现得很男孩子气。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题，由文章第二段“For the most part, I’m thrilled that Clementine wants to be Eleven, who is the rare young heroine, equally brilliant and raw and possessed of perseverance and hope, with a desire for human connection and the skill to battle the evil.(在大多数情况下，我很高兴Clementine想成为Eleven，她是一位罕见的年轻女英雄，同样才华横溢，充满毅力和希望，渴望与人建立联系，并具备与邪恶作斗争的技能。)”以及“But it’s interesting to me that my daughter lit upon a character whose primary emotion is this massive anger and whose main role in the show consists of learning to channel her anger to defeat a dark force. Is Clementine seeing what she longs for or identifies with? If she had such powers, what would she want to do?(但我感兴趣的是，我的女儿发现了一个角色，她的主要情感是巨大的愤怒，她在剧中的主要角色是学会引导她的愤怒来击败黑暗势力。Clementine看到了她渴望或认同的东西吗？如果她有这样的权力，她会想做什么？)”可知，作者对女儿新偶像感兴趣的原因是试图了解她的女儿是否真的很欣赏Eleven。故选C项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第二段“But it’s interesting to me that my daughter lit upon a character whose primary emotion is this massive anger and whose main role in the show consists of learning to channel her anger to defeat a dark force. Is Clementine seeing what she longs for or identifies with? If she had such powers, what would she want to do?(但我感兴趣的是，我的女儿发现了一个角色，她的主要情感是巨大的愤怒，她在剧中的主要角色是学会引导她的愤怒来击败黑暗势力。Clementine看到了她渴望或认同的东西吗？如果她有这样的权力，她会想做什么？)”可知，文章中such powers指代前文“channel her anger to defeat a dark force”即愤怒以及如何应用愤怒。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“Somewhere deep down, they sense that rage is exactly the right thing to feel. And why waste that passion slamming doors and cursing brothers when their anger could be employed to conquer so much more?(在内心深处的某个地方，她们感觉到愤怒正是正确的感觉。既然兄弟们的愤怒可以用来征服更多，为什么还要浪费这种激情去摔门诅咒男孩们呢？)”以及文章最后一段“For our daughters, Eleven lays out a path into the future. Simply being ambitious and resourceful is no longer enough. Circumstances are calling for a new sort of heroine, one with a brain potent enough to make the best of her anger.(对于我们的女儿们来说，Eleven为她们开辟了一条通往未来的道路。仅仅雄心勃勃和足智多谋是不够的。形势需要一个新的女英雄，一个有足够强大的大脑来充分利用她的愤怒的女英雄。)”可知，作者建议女孩们应管理好自己的消极情绪（愤怒），不应该用它来做一些破坏性事情，而应用它作更多有意义的事情，成为女英雄。故选B项。
C
In the winter of 2022, Andreas Keller decided the time was right to branch out from his day job as a scientist and launch a new art gallery. Not just any gallery, but one devoted entirely to smell-based art.
Smell has always been our underdog sense, though. Our scientific understanding of how smell works falls so far behind our grasp of hearing and vision, and smells cannot at this point be recorded or emailed or Instagram med. It’s both primitive and complex, which makes it hard to study and harder still to bring into our increasingly digital existence.
“When you are asked to smell art,” Keller says, “you realize how poor your perception of the world is when you limit yourself to the visual.” For several weeks, the gallery’s windows were covered in tin to allow for full immersion in the smell of “old banana” and “young banana”. Or the visitors may get a smell of a perfumer’s interpretation of what a be aver might smell like to a dog or a bee’s homemade perfume.
Some people got very confused. Then there’s always somebody who can’t smell anything and thinks it’s a silly trick. Those visitors willing and able to stay and think carefully about a scent by the name of “sinner” often argue about what they are smelling is that hospital stuff? Church incense (熏香)?
These personal responses are exactly what Keller has devoted much of his academic life to studying: Why do various individuals seem to understand the same smells differently, or interpret the same smells in different ways, or not notice some of them at all? Such questions are at the heart of the larger problem of how smells are coded by the brain.
Perhaps scientist will soon catch wind of the answers, as the pandemic has also brought a flood of new funding to this field. Progress in this field may depend on unusual creativity and cooperation, between perfumers and language experts, artists and engineers. “Perception is a philosophical as well as a scientific problem.” Keller says.
8. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “underdog” in paragraph 2?
A. Acquired. B. Strong. C. Natural. D. Ignored.
9. Why did some visitors think they were fooled?
A. Because they felt sick.
B. Because they smelt nothing.
C. Because they were limited to the visual.
D. Because they were immersed in the smell of banana.
10. What can be inferred about the science of smell?
A. It is coded by the brain in different ways.
B. It has suffered from lack of funds for a long time.
C. It has the potential to answer philosophical questions.
D. It needs the teamwork of professionals in various fields.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Sniffing Out the Science of Smelling
B. Smelling Experiment —A Silly Trick
C. Interpreting Smells in Different Ways
D. Arguing About Smelling—A Hospital Stuff
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个只需要用鼻子闻的艺术馆。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Our scientific understanding of how smell works falls so far behind our grasp of hearing and vision, and smells cannot at this point be recorded or emailed or Instagram med. It’s both primitive and complex, which makes it hard to study and harder still to bring into our increasingly digital existence.(我们对气味工作原理的科学理解远远落后于我们对听觉和视觉的理解，而且气味目前还无法被记录下来、通过电子邮件发送或在Instagram上传播。气味既原始又复杂，这使得它很难研究，更难以将其带入我们日益数字化的生活中)”可知，嗅觉难以理解和转化，不如听觉和视觉那样应用广泛。由此推知，划线词underdog表示“被忽视的”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some people got very confused. Then there’s always somebody who can’t smell anything and thinks it’s a silly trick.(有些人很困惑。总有人闻不到任何东西，认为这是一个愚蠢的把戏)”可知，总是会有人什么也闻不出来，觉得这个是恶作剧。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Progress in this field may depend on unusual creativity and cooperation, between perfumers and language experts, artists and engineers. “Perception is a philosophical as well as a scientific problem.” Keller says.(这一领域的进步可能取决于香水师和语言专家、艺术家和工程师之间不同寻常的创造力和合作。“感知是一个哲学问题，也是一个科学问题。”凯勒说)”可知，该领域的发展有赖于异乎寻常的创造性和合作等。由此推知，嗅觉科学需要来自不同领域的专家的共同努力。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the winter of 2022, Andreas Keller decided the time was right to branch out from his day job as a scientist and launch a new art gallery. Not just any gallery, but one devoted entirely to smell-based art.(2022年冬天，安德烈亚斯·凯勒(Andreas Keller)决定是时候从他的科学家日常工作中走出来，创办一家新的艺术画廊了。不是随便一家画廊，而是一家完全致力于嗅觉艺术的画廊)”及下文介绍可知，本文主要介绍了一个嗅觉艺术馆。由此可知，Sniffing Out the Science of Smelling(嗅出嗅觉的科学)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
D
A team of urban planners and information scientists at Tsinghua University in China has found that an AI-based urban planning system could outperform human experts in creating urban planning designs. In their study, the group introduced the factors for the ideal urban plan and how well their AI did when tested.
For much of history, cities have been left to grow organically — immediate needs were determined and urban planners attempted to fulfill those needs. Such a random approach to urban growth has often led to less-favored results. In more recent times, city officials and other planners have attempted to take a more logical approach to the problem by creating designs that account for livability and pollution controls.
This has resulted in the development of urban planning as a science and the emergence of urban development professionals. This science can be complicated due to the increasing number of variables that must be accounted for as a new development expands. In this new effort, the research team attempted to apply AI to ease the burden.
In hope that residents of the planned community could travel from their homes to essential services within 15 minutes, the researchers trained the system with prior plans crafted by humans along with factors that are believed to be good design features such as the inclusion of parks, general greenery, bike paths and places for entertainment, thus improving their quality of life.
Once the system was built, the research group used it to first design a small-size city block. They would adjust the system for further improvements and gradually increased the size and studied its results.
It turned out that the plans the system developed were as good or better than those created by humans yet a huge reduction in time (from hours to seconds). The team concludes that their system is not meant to replace human urban planners, but to free them from the mundane (单调的) parts of urban planning, allowing them to focus on overall concepts. Hopefully, it would be an efficiency booster, if done right.
12. Why was urban planning often unsatisfactory in history?
A. Urban growth was not well-organized.
B. Urban planning experts were in shortage.
C. City officials failed to meet residents’ needs.
D. City officials ignored the factors for ideal urban plan.
13. What factors did the research team consider when training the AI system?
A. Large community and eco parks.
B. Economic development and job opportunities.
C. Smooth traffic and advanced green belt.
D. Convenient transport and public services.
14. What is the main advantage of the AI-based urban planning system?
A. It reduces the burden on human urban planners.
B. It guarantees optimal results for urban development.
C. It ensures faster completion of urban planning projects.
D. It eliminates the need for any human involvement in planning.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards the AI system?
A. Dismissive. B. Approving. C. Critical. D. Ambiguous.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明基于人工智能的城市规划系统在创建城市规划设计方面可以胜过人类专家，但该系统并不是要取代人类城市规划者，而是要让他们从城市规划的世俗部分中解放出来，让他们能够专注于整体概念。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中“For much of history, cities have been left to grow organically — immediate needs were determined and urban planners attempted to fulfill those needs. Such a random approach to urban growth has often led to less-favored results. (在历史的大部分时间里，城市都是有组织地发展的——直接需求是确定的，城市规划者试图满足这些需求。这种对城市发展的随机方法往往导致不太受欢迎的结果)”可知，人们想要城市有组织地发展，但对城市发展的随机方法往往导致不太受欢迎的结果，即城市规划在历史上常常令人不满意。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“In hope that residents of the planned community could travel from their homes to essential services within 15 minutes, the researchers trained the system with prior plans crafted by humans along with factors that are believed to be good design features such as the inclusion of parks, general greenery, bike paths and places for entertainment, thus improving their quality of life. (为了希望规划社区的居民能够在15分钟内从家中前往基本服务，研究人员用人类事先制定的计划以及被认为是良好设计特征的因素对该系统进行了培训，如公园、一般绿化、自行车道和娱乐场所，从而提高了他们的生活质量)”可知，研究团队在训练人工智能系统时考虑了如公园、一般绿化、自行车道和娱乐场所等这些设施，即考虑了“便捷的交通和公共服务”两个因素。故选D项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中“In this new effort, the research team attempted to apply AI to ease the burden. (在这项新的努力中，研究团队试图应用人工智能来减轻负担)”和最后一段中“It turned out that the plans the system developed were as good or better than those created by humans yet a huge reduction in time (from hours to seconds). The team concludes that their system is not meant to replace human urban planners, but to free them from the mundane (单调的) parts of urban planning, allowing them to focus on overall concepts. (事实证明，该系统开发的计划与人类创建的计划一样好或更好，但时间却大大缩短（从数小时缩短到数秒）。该团队得出结论，他们的系统并不是要取代人类城市规划者，而是要让他们从城市规划的世俗部分中解放出来，让他们能够专注于整体概念)”可知，基于人工智能的城市规划系统的主要优势是规划城市用时短，能让人类城市规划者从城市规划的世俗部分中解放出来，减轻人类城市规划者的负担。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中“It turned out that the plans the system developed were as good or better than those created by humans yet a huge reduction in time (from hours to seconds). (事实证明，该系统开发的计划与人类创建的计划一样好或更好，但时间却大大缩短（从数小时缩短到数秒）)”和“Hopefully, it would be an efficiency booster, if done right. (如果做得好的话，希望它能提高效率)”可知，基于人工智能的城市规划系统有其优势，作者希望它能做得更好、提高效率，可得出作者对其持赞成态度。故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many friendships hit rough patches. Sometimes it is worth the emotional strain to work through your problems, while at other times, especially when a friendship is harmful, it isn’t. ____16____ Here are some tips for reference.
●Reflect and write down the good.
Before you face a difficult conversation with a friend, pause and reflect first. Think of a specific moment that this friendship has brought you joy or excitement. Using that memory as inspiration to write down things you appreciate about a friend. ____17____ Even if there is still tension, that appreciation will go a long way to building mutual understanding.
●Choose a different way to communicate.
If repair efforts have not worked via your usual tech channels, try another way to communicate. ____18____ Send some postcards, deliver exquisite handicrafts or mail someone a book you think they would enjoy. Attached with these gifts, a hand-written letter explaining why you think the relationship feels awkward and why you want to repair it is highly recommended.
●____19____
If you take a step back from the friendship and notice that it’s doing more harm than good, for example, your friend isn’t rooting for your success, bullies you, is inconsiderate, or you feel drained or misunderstood by them, it might be time to end instead of mend. ____20____ In other words, the good does not necessarily outweigh the bad if there’s too much bad. Thus, drop the relationship once you perceive any dangerous sign showing you are being hurt.
A. Follow the red flags.
B. Mend it before it’s too late.
C. People are thrilled to get mail that’s not a catalog or a bill.
D. How to repair a friendship or leave it behind if it’s toxic?
E. Not all friendships last a lifetime and it’s OK to give up a bad one.
F. This indicates evaluating the balance of harm versus good is crucial.
G. Then, sharing that list in conversation with the friend regardless of the outcome.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. C 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。当友谊出现问题的时候，有时费神解决你的问题是值得的，而在其他时候，尤其是当友谊变得有害时，就不值得了。评估伤害与好处的平衡至关重要。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Sometimes it is worth the emotional strain to work through your problems, while at other times, especially when a friendship is harmful, it isn’t. (有时，费神解决你的问题是值得的，而在其他时候，尤其是当友谊有害时，就不值得了。)”可知此处上下文说的是解决友谊的问题值得费神，但是如果友谊有害了，就不值得了，与D项“How to repair a friendship or leave it behind if it’s toxic? (如何修复一段友谊，或者在它变得有害的情况下把它抛在脑后？)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Using that memory as inspiration to write down things you appreciate about a friend. (用这段记忆作为灵感，写下你对朋友的感激之情。)”可知此处上下文说的是将你对朋友的感激之情列清单，可推理出下文说的是使用这个清单改善友谊，与G项“Then, sharing that list in conversation with the friend regardless of the outcome. (然后，在与朋友的对话中分享该单，而不管结果如何。)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Send some postcards, deliver exquisite handicrafts or mail someone a book you think they would enjoy. (寄一些明信片，送上精美的手工艺品，或者给别人寄一本你认为他们会喜欢的书。)”可推理出此处上下文说的是写一封信，里面要有让对方高兴的东西，与C项“People are thrilled to get mail that’s not a catalog or a bill. (人们很高兴收到不是目录或账单的邮件。)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“If you take a step back from the friendship and notice that it’s doing more harm than good, for example, your friend isn’t rooting for your success, bullies you, is inconsiderate, or you feel drained or misunderstood by them, it might be time to end instead of mend. (如果你从友谊中退一步，发现它弊大于利，例如，你的朋友不支持你的成功，欺负你，不体贴你，或者你觉得被他们耗尽了精力或误解了，那么可能是时候结束而不是修复了。)”可知此处上下文说的是要注意友谊变得有害的信号，如果友谊变得有害了，要及时结束而不是去修复，与A项“Follow the red flags. (密切注视危险信号)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“In other words, the good does not necessarily outweigh the bad if there’s too much bad. (换句话说，如果坏的东西太多，那么好的东西并不一定大于坏的东西。)”可知此处上下文说的是对好坏的评估很重要，与F项“This indicates evaluating the balance of harm versus good is crucial. (这表明评估伤害与好处的平衡至关重要。)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Tom and I found the money that the robbers hid in the cave, and it made us rich. We each got six thousand dollars. It was an awful ____21____ of money when it was piled up. Judge Thatcher kept it in his house, and ____22____ us a dollar a day. The widow (寡妇), Douglas, took me for her son, and ____23____ she would civilize me but it was ____24____ living in the house all the time. Considering how miserably regular and decent the widow was in all her ways and so when I could stand it no longer, I ____25____ .
I got into my old rags again, and felt ____26____. But Tom Sawyer came up and said he was going to start a band of robbers, and I might join if I would go back to the widow and be ____27____. So I went back. The widow cried over me, called me a poor lost lamb, and ____28____ me a lot of other names, too, but she ____29____ no harm by it. She put me in the new clothes again, and I felt so nervous that I _____30_____ all over.
With night approaching, I went up to my room with a candle. After a long time, I heard the clock _____31_____ twelve and all was quiet again. Pretty soon I heard a branch break in the dark. I sat still and listened attentively. I could _____32_____ hear a faint “me-yow! me-yow!” down there. That was good! I said “me-yow! me-yow!” as _____33_____ as I could, and then I put out the_____34_____, climbed out of the window and _____35_____ down to the ground. Sure enough, there was Tom Sawyer waiting for me.
21. A. bit B. sight C. waste D. weight
22. A. saved B. paid C. fetched D. charged
23. A. announced B. instructed C. predicted D. urged
24. A. pleasant B. rough C. inconvenient D. dangerous
25. A. fell over B. broke away C. took over D. ran away
26. A. refreshed B. ashamed C. dizzy D. proud
27. A. brave B. creative C. cute D. respectable
28 A. gave B. made C. called D. found
29. A. meant B. showed C. sensed D. saw
30. A. wept B. sweated C. struggled D. heated
31. A. wind B. say C. strike D. sound
32. A. clearly B. barely C. deliberately D. accidentally
33. A. excited B. loud C. soft D. fluent
34. A. clothes B. branch C. clock D. light
35. A. stepped B. bent C. ran D. slid
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了哈克贝利·费恩被好心人收留，但是不安于天天住在房子里的生活，逃跑并与汤·姆索亚会合。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么多钱堆在一起，看上去实在是吓人。A. bit小量；B. sight景象；C. waste浪费；D. weight重量。根据下文“when it was piled up(当钱被堆积起来的时候)”可知，此处上下文说的是钱堆积起来的时候，他们看到的景象，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：撒切尔法官把它放在他家里，每天给我们拿一美元。A. saved拯救；B. paid支付；C. fetched拿来；D. charged收费。根据上文“Judge Thatcher kept it in his house(撒切尔法官把它放在他家里)”可知，撒切尔法官要把钱从他的家里带给我们，故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：寡妇道格拉斯把我当成了她的儿子，并宣布她会教化我，但一直住在房子里很不舒服。A. announced宣布；B. instructed通知；C. predicted预测；D. urged强烈要求。根据下文“she would civilize me(她会教化我)”可知，这是寡妇道格拉斯告诉人们的决定，所以空白处应填表示“宣布”含义的动词，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. rough不舒服的；不适的；C. inconvenient不方便的；D. dangerous危险的。根据下文“when I could stand it no longer(当我再也忍受不了的时候)”可知，我感觉到一直在房子里住着感到不适，故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：考虑到这位寡妇在各个方面都是多么的平凡和正派，当我再也受不了的时候，我就逃跑了。A. fell over意外地跌落；B. broke away突然离开；C. took over接管；D. ran away逃跑。根据上文“when I could stand it no longer(当我再也忍受不了的时候)”以及下文“I got into my old rags again(我又穿上了破烂衣服)”可推理出我从房子里逃跑了，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我又穿上了破烂衣服，精神抖擞。A. refreshed恢复精神的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. dizzy眩晕的；D. proud自豪的。根据上文“when I could stand it no longer(当我再也忍受不了的时候)”可知，我在房子里的时候感到不适，可推理出我逃跑并穿上破烂衣服以后，摆脱了不适的感觉，精神抖擞，故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但汤姆·索亚走了过来，说他要组织一伙强盗，如果我能回到寡妇身边，表现得体面一点，我就可以加入。A. brave勇敢的；B. creative有创造力的；C. cute漂亮迷人的；D. respectable体面的。根据上文“go back to the widow(回到寡妇身边)”可知，寡妇道格拉斯很体面，汤姆·索亚让我回到寡妇身边，变得体面一些，故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：寡妇为我哭泣，称我为一只可怜的迷路的羔羊，还叫了我很多其他的名字，但她并没有恶意。A. gave给；B. made制作；C. called称呼；D. found发现。根据上文“called me a poor lost lamb(称我为一只可怜的迷路的羔羊)”以及下文“a lot of other names(很多其他的名字)”可推理出空白处应填表示“称呼”含义的动词，故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. meant表示……的意思；B. showed出示；C. sensed感觉；D. saw看见。分析句子结构，mean no harm为固定短语，含义为“没有恶意”，符合句意，故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她又给我穿上了新衣服，我感到非常紧张，浑身都是汗。A. wept哭；B. sweated出汗；C. struggled斗争；D. heated加热。根据上文“I felt so nervous that(我感到非常紧张，以至于……)”可知，我在换上新衣服的时候，感到不适，分析四个选项，B项“sweated出汗”表达的含义符合语境，故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了很长时间，我听到钟敲了十二下，一切又安静了下来。A. wind使喘不过气来；B. say说；C. strike敲；D. sound发出声响。根据上文“I heard the clock(我听到钟声)”可知作者听到了敲钟的声音，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我勉强听到下面微弱的“我哟！我哟！”。A. clearly清晰地；B. barely勉强地；C. deliberately故意地；D. accidentally偶然地。根据下文“faint(微弱的)”可知，声音很微弱，我勉强听见，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我尽可能轻柔地说“我哟！我哟！”，然后我关了灯，爬出窗户，滑到地上。A. excited激动的；B. loud大声的；C. soft轻柔的；D. fluent流利的。根据上文“faint(微弱的)”可知，汤姆·索亚的声音很微弱，因为当时为晚上十二点，他们之间说话不希望被别人听到，所以我回应的声音尽可能轻柔，故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. clothes衣服；B. branch树枝；C. clock钟；D. light灯。根据上文“put out(熄灭)”可知，我熄灭了卧室的灯，故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. stepped踩；B. bent弯腰；C. ran跑；D. slid滑落。根据上文“climbed out of the window(爬出了窗户)”以及下文“down to the ground(向下到了地面)”可知，我是从上面的窗户滑到了下面的地面上，故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every day at 9 am, Zhang Canjin, 58, comes to Drum Tower Street in Ningbo and walks into a small house ____36____ less than 10 square meters. Settling himself ____37____ (comfortable) in his usual chair, the inheritor of copper coin knitting starts his day.
In ancient times, copper coins ____38____ (represent) fortune and wealth. Linking copper coins one by one had the positive meaning of accumulating wealth. In 2018, copper coin knitting was listed as ____39____ intangible cultural heritage.
Zhang learned the skill from his dad ____40____ young. There weren’t that many ideas back then, just traditional ones like Chinese knots and swords. But this didn’t satisfy Zhang as he gradually mastered the skill. “Knitting the coins into different shapes doesn’t sound difficult, but the essence is ____41____ (think) big and be creative.” Zhang said.
Since starting his copper coin knitting store in 2014, Zhang ____42____ (spare) no effort in thinking big. To attract public attention and better promote the skill, Zhang spent two months crafting armor (铠甲) using over 8,000 coins,____43____ (tailor) to his own body proportions, in2017. He then applied for a national patent following the work’s ____44____ (complete).
This success gave him more confidence to continue with his work. Even now, Zhang uses his we alth of creative ideas to make more copper coin products and shares the skill with a____45____ (wide) audience.
【答案】36. of 37. comfortably
38 represented
39. an 40. when##while
41. to think
42. has spared##has been sparing
43. tailored
44. completion
45. wider
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了非物质文化遗产铜币编织的继承者——张灿金。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：每天早上9点，58岁的张灿金来到宁波鼓楼街，走进一幢不到10平方米的小房子。设空处应用介词，表示“……的”应用of。故填of。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：这位铜币编织的继承者舒舒服服地坐在他常坐的椅子上，开始了一天的工作。设空处应用副词的形式作状语修饰动词。故填comfortably。
【38题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在古代，铜钱象征着财富。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“in ancient times(在古代)”可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，设空处应用动词的过去式的形式。故填represented。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：2018年，铜钱编织被列为非物质文化遗产。设空后为名词单数heritage，表示泛指，应用不定冠词的形式，空后为元音音素开头的形容词，应用an。故填an。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：张先生很小的时候就跟他爸爸学了这门手艺。本句为时间状语从句的省略，原句为：when/while he was young，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有动词be时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。表示“当……的时候”为when/while。故填when/while。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“把硬币编织成不同的形状听起来并不难，但关键是要有远见和创造力。”张说。设空处为非谓语作句子的表语，应用动词不定式表将来。故填to think。
【42题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：自从2014年开办铜钱针织店以来，张就不遗余力地想要做大。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“Since starting his copper coin knitting store in 2014(自从2014年开办铜钱针织店以来)”可知，句子的时态为现在完成时；也可表示从过去一直持续到现在，也可用现在完成进行时，结合主谓一致。故填has spared/has been sparing。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了吸引公众的注意，更好地推广这项技能，2017年，张花了两个月的时间，用8000多枚硬币根据自己的身体比例制作了盔甲。设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词armor，所以应该用非谓语，动词tailor和名词armor之间是被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式。故填tailored。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：工作完成后，他申请了国家专利。设空处应用名词的形式completion作宾语，当其意为“完成；结束”时，其为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故填completion。
【45题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：即使是现在，张还在用他丰富的创意制作更多的铜币产品，并与更广泛的观众分享他的技术。设空处应用形容词修饰名词，根据空前的more，可知设空处应用比较级。故填wider。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是公众号“山城学术圈”主席李华。随着冬天的到来，学生们疏于锻炼。请代表学生会给全校学生写一封倡议信，呼吁大家勤于锻炼。内容包括：
1. 锻炼的意义；
2. 推荐运动项目并给出理由。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Student Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
I’m Li Hua, president of the Student Union. Given the decline in our physical activity levels with winter approaching, I appeal to all of the students to exercise more.
It is universally recognized that exercise is of great significance to physical and mental health. Besides boosting our immune system, taking regular exercise enhances our concentration and reduces stress coming from study. To encourage everyone to live a more active life, I recommend engaging in jogging and skipping rope, which are cost-effective ways to enhance endurance and maintain a healthy weight. Playing basketball is another recommendation especially resonating with boys’interest. Not only does it provide a full-body workout but also team spirit is cultivated during the play.
Come on! Let’s collectively prioritize our well-being by dedicating time to exercise, achieving excellence in both our academic and physical pursuits.
Student Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于倡议信。要求考生给全校学生写一封倡议信，呼吁大家勤于锻炼。
【详解】1.词汇积累
呼吁：call on →appeal to
意义：meaning →significance
建议：suggest →recommend
增强：improve→ enhance
2句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Hua, president of the Student Union.
拓展句：I’m Li Hua, who is president of the Student Union.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is universally recognized that exercise is of great significance to physical and mental health（运用了it作形式主语代替后面that引导的主语从句）
【高分句型2】To encourage everyone to live a more active life, I recommend engaging in jogging and skipping rope, which are cost-effective ways to enhance endurance and maintain a healthy weight.（运用了which引导的非限制性的定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Her mouth open in both wonder and horror, Mia stares at the bush cricket that has landed in front of her on the picnic table. The girl is camping with her parents near Fish River Canyon in Namibia, in southwest Africa. During the first few months of a year-long trip through Africa, Asia and the Middle East, Mia is seeing the world with her parents. It is a family’s journey to see the world before it’s too late though.
Far from their home in Quebec, the families’ experiences, brimming with colour, shape, touch and smell, are especially important to them. Because unless science makes a break-through soon, the little daughter Mia will become blind, likely in adulthood. She has been diagnosed with a disease that has no effective treatment as it gradually robs her of sight.
For Mia’s parents, mom Edith and dad Sebastien, the diagnose came after a four-year search for the reason their daughter couldn’t see at night. Then Mia, banged into furniture that her mom and dad could make out once their eyes adjusted to the dark.
In 2013, when Mia was three, the family began a frustrating series of visits to doctors, none of whom had an answer for her lack of night vision. In 2015, as a last resort, a pediatric ophthalmologist (儿童眼科医生) enrolled the family in a research project in which their entire gene was mapped out. RP, the name of the disease which haunted the poor girl, affected the tissue at the back of the eye that interpreted images in both black and white, and colour. As the disease progresses, the cells in the middle, used for seeing in colour and for everyday activities like reading and writing, die off, too. The parents were called into the doctor’s office, where the specialist gave it to them straight: “So far, no cure.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mia waiting at home, the badly stricken parents stumbled back.
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And so the idea of a year-long trip was born.
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【答案】【参考范文】
Mia waiting at home, the badly stricken parents stumbled back. Awash with emotion, Edith scooted into the bathroom, cried gasping, heaving sobs. During dinner, Edith managed a smile and broke the news, “Sweetie, you may go blind in adulthood.” The couple held their breath. “Oh, that’s not fun,” Mia said. “But I’ll find the solution.” Later that week, the couple watched the young soul, unprompted, to feel her way around the house with eyes closed, up the stairs and down, through the kitchen and living room. Seeing it, the couple made a decision.
And so the idea of a year-long trip was born. After an elaborate preparation, the whole family set out. They traveled the places that they wanted to go to. Each day, Edith and Sebastien watched their kid change, physically and emotionally. Mia grew taller and, on the cusp of adolescence, needed more independence. Besides, she became more confident and outgoing, unafraid to engage with strangers. The family itself grew more tight-knit and protective of each other, which helped when they faced situations that were difficult to explain.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，文章一开始讲述了米娅和家人在非洲旅行，探索世界，之后讲述其背后的原因；四年前米娅晚上看不见，父母带她去看病，她被诊断出一种没有有效治疗方法的疾病，医生说这种疾病会逐渐使她失明。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“米娅在家等着，悲痛欲绝的父母跌跌撞撞地回来了。”可知，第一段可描写父母回家后的反应，告诉米娅实情，米娅的解决方法和父母的决定。
②由第二段首句内容“于是，一年之旅的想法诞生了。”可知，第二段可描写全家出发去旅行，米娅在旅行中的变化和家庭联系更紧密。
2.续写线索：父母悲痛回家——告诉米娅实情——米娅就此找应对方法——父母的决定——一年之旅想法诞生——全家去旅行——米娅在旅行中的变化——家庭联系更紧密
3.词汇激活
行为类
①作决定：make a decision/make a determination
②想要做某事：want to do sth./feel like doing sth.
③面临：face/be confronted with
情绪类
①哭泣：cry/weep
②不害怕的：unafraid/fearless
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Seeing it, the couple made a decision. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]. The family itself grew more tight-knit and protective of each other, which helped when they faced situations that were difficult to explain. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句)