2022-2023学年上海浦东新区高二上学期开学摸底英语考试含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年上海浦东新区高二上学期开学摸底英语考试含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了 increased， that 6， because 8， where， rganized， when 14， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Sectin A (16%)
A
Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Despite the ppularity f dieting and exercising, mre peple are bigger than they used t be.
The US is the ____1____ (verweight) cuntry in the wrld. But ____2____ many peple’s surprise, China ranks secnd, with 46 millin bese (肥胖的) adults and 300 millin verweight.
S why are s many Chinese getting verweight?
Accrding t The Wall Street Jurnal, China’s weight has grwn with its ecnmy. With incmes grwing, families ____3____ affrd t eat a lt mre fd -especially fatty fds like meat. Frm 1980 t 2013, the average Chinese’s meat cnsumptin ____4____ (increase) frm 12.7kg t 60kg per year.
Unhealthy lifestyles als cntribute t China’s besity prblems. Many Chinese families are eating mre deep-fried and junk fd while exercising little.
It is als likely ____5____ the family planning plicy has created a land f little emperrs, ____6____ are spiled by their parents and nt asked t d any labr at hme, cmmented The Wall Street Jurnal.
The trend culd lead t big prblems, as besity can have severe health cnsequences. Accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin, arund 2,8 millin adults die each year ____7____ f besity-related diseases such as diabetes (糖尿病), heart diseases and cancer.
____8____ (encurage) exercise amng Chinese, the gvernment is wrking t increase the natin’ public sprting areas t 1.5 square meters per capita by 2015, Xinhua reprted. It is als cnsidering adding PE t the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.
【答案】1. mst verweight
2. t 3. can
4. increased
5. that 6. wh
7. because 8. T encurage
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是越来越多的中国人超重的原因。
【1题详解】
考查最高级。句意：美国是世界上超重最严重的国家。根据空前的the和空后的in the wrld可知，空格处用最高级，是mst verweight，故填mst verweight。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：但令许多人惊讶的是，中国排名第二，有4600万肥胖成年人和3亿超重成年人。t ne’s surprise是固定短语，意为“令某人惊讶的是”，因此空格处是t，故填t。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：随着收入的增长，家庭可以吃更多的食物，尤其是像肉类这样的高脂肪食物。空后是动词原形affrd，根据语境可知，句子表示“随着收入的增长，家庭可以吃更多的食物”，空格处意为“能够”，用情态动词can，故填can。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：从1980年到2013年，中国人均肉类消费量从每年12.7公斤增加到60公斤。根据Frm 1980 t 2013可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填increased。
【5题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：《华尔街日报》评论说，计划生育政策也可能造就了一个小皇帝的国度，他们被父母宠坏了，不被要求在家里做任何劳动。It is likely that...是固定句型，意为“可能……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，故填that。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：《华尔街日报》评论说，计划生育政策也可能造就了一个小皇帝的国度，他们被父母宠坏了，不被要求在家里做任何劳动。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词emperrs是人，因此空格处用关系代词wh，故填wh。
【7题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：根据世界卫生组织的数据，每年约有280万成年人死于与肥胖有关的疾病，如糖尿病、心脏病和癌症。由arund 2,8 millin adults die可知，besity-related diseases是原因，且是名词短语，因此用because f，因此空格处是because。故填because。
【8题详解】
考查不定式。句意：据新华社报道，为鼓励全民运动，政府计划到2015年将全国公共体育面积提高到人均1.5平方米。由“exercise amng Chinese, the gvernment is wrking t increase the natin’ public sprting areas t 1.5 square meters per capita by 2015, Xinhua reprted”可知，空格处用不定式表目的，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填T encurage。
B
Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
The illegal ivry trade (象牙贸易) has been a majr prblem in Africa fr decades. Pachers (偷猎者) and hunters have killed hundreds f thusands f elephants t btain this precius material. Nw the areas in which they d it are taking actin. The Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin (保护) f Nature (IUCN) annunced n Dec 3 that key states ____9____ paching takes place have made a prmise t stp the ivry trade and prtect Africa’s elephants.
Recently, tp fficials and experts frm 30 states met t discuss hw t prtect Africa elephants. The cnference, ____10____ (rganize) by the IUCN and the gvernment f Btswana, was held in Gabrne, Btswana’s capital city.
In ____11____1980s, as many as 1 millin elephants acrss Africa were killed fr ivry. The ivry ____12____ (use) t make jewelry and ther items. This cntinued until 1989, ____13____ the cnventin (大会) n Internatinal Trade in Species vted t ban all trade in ivry. Then, elephants’ ppulatin slwly began t increase.
Accrding t the IUCN, 2011 saw the highest levels f paching and illegal ivry trading in at least 16 years. Arund 25,000 elephants were killed in Africa that year. “With an estimated 22,000 elephants illegally ____14____ (kill) in 2012, we cntinue t face a critical situatin,” said Jhn E. Scanln, CITES Secretary- General.
At the meeting, key Africa states where elephants make ____15____ hme agreed t develp a “zer-tlerance apprach” t paching. The deal calls fr tugh sentences fr pachers and hunters, and increased cperatin between states where paching and hunting is a big prblem. All participants at the cnference agreed t sign the deal. With these states ____16____ (cme) tgether, there may be hpe fr elephants.
【答案】9. where
10. rganized
11. the 12. was used
13. when 14. killed
15. their 16. cming
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是最近，来自30个州的高级官员和专家开会讨论如何保护非洲大象。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：12月3日，国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)宣布，偷猎猖獗的主要国家已承诺停止象牙贸易，保护非洲大象。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词states是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这次会议由世界自然保护联盟和博茨瓦纳政府组织，在博茨瓦纳首都哈博罗内举行。句中谓语是was held，空格处用非谓语动词，cnference和rganize之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填rganized。
【11题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：在20世纪80年代，非洲有多达100万头大象被杀害以获取象牙。in the1980s是固定短语，意为“在20世纪80年代”，因此空格处是定冠词the，故填the。
【12题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这些象牙被用来制作珠宝和其他物品。空格处是谓语，句中描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，且象牙是被用，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语ivry是不可数名词，因此空格处是was used，故填was used。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这种情况一直持续到1989年，当时国际物种贸易公约投票禁止所有象牙贸易。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词1989是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：CITES秘书长Jhn E. Scanln说：“2012年估计有2.2万头大象被非法杀害，我们继续面临着严峻的形势。”空格处是with复合结构，elephants和kill之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填killed。
【15题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：在这次会议上，大象栖息的主要非洲国家同意对偷猎采取“零容忍态度”。根据语境可知，句子表示“大象栖息的主要非洲国家同意对偷猎采取“零容忍态度””，空格处意为“它们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰hme，故填their。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着这些国家的联合，大象可能会有希望。空格处是with复合结构，states和cme之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填cming。
Sectin B (10%)
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Hamlet is the mst ___17___ f William Shakespeare’s plays. While yu read this article, smewhere there is an actr n a stage puring ut his heart t the audience.
The character f Hamlet has a persnal, painful quality that still draws readers and playgers tday as it did 400 years ag. The prblems he faces, such as what is ___18___and hw he shuld respnd t events, are nes we all face in ur lives.
Hamlet is the yung prince f Denmark. At the beginning, he is sad abut his dead father. Everyne else arund him is ___19___ the marriage f his mther Gertrude t her brther-in-law Claudius, the new king. Hamlet thinks that the shrt time between the death f his father and the marriage f his mther and uncle is ___20___ .
Hamlet is tld that a spirit has been walking arund Elsinre castle. He meets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brther Claudius — it was “murder mst hrrid (可怕的)”! Nw, the ghst instructs him, it is his ___21___ t avenge (报仇).
Hamlet is in a terrible psitin. He des nt knw whether the ghst is wh he says he is, r a being sent by the devil (魔鬼). Matters are ___22___ because Claudius is suspicius f his nephew. There is a cat-and-muse game played between the king and Hamlet.
Hamlet has a play perfrmed fr the king which stages the way the ghst tld him f his father’s murder. Claudius reacts with hrrr, prving t hamlet that he is ___23___. But Hamlet misses the pprtunity t take his revenge.
He tells Gertrude he hates her ___24___ t Claudius. During their meeting he kills Plnius, wh is the father f his lve, Ophelia. Then, Lacerates cmes back t the curt. He’s heard that his father, Plnius, has been killed, s he wants t kill Hamlet.
Cunning (奸诈的) Claudius attempts t play Lacerates and Hamlet against each ther, and in the final scene it all ges hrribly wrng.
One ___25___ speech in the play begins “t be r nt t be”: it is abut hw Hamlet can’t decide whether t get ut f his bad situatin by killing himself. Hamlet is a thinking man. One wh thinks t much in the wrld where thers, like Claudius, shw n ____26____.
【答案】17. H 18. D
19. F 20. J
21. G 22. C
23. E 24. A
25. I 26. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》的故事梗概，讲述了主人公哈姆雷特的遭遇和复仇之路。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚戏剧中表演最多的一部。结合“Hamlet”和“William Shakespeare’s plays”可知，表演戏剧《哈姆雷特》，动词perfrm (表演)符合句意，是非谓语动词，和逻辑主语Hamlet是被动关系，用过去分词形式perfrmed。故选H项。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：他面临的问题，比如正在发生的事情，以及他应该如何应对事件，都是我们生活中面临的问题。事情在发生，动词happen (发生)符合句意，是从句谓语动词，主动语态，结合is可知，该空用现在分词形式happening与is一起构成现在进行时。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：他周围的其他人都在庆祝他的母亲格特鲁德与她的妹夫、新国王克劳迪斯的结婚。结合“the marriage”可知，庆祝他人结婚，动词celebrate (庆祝)符合句意，是谓语动词，主动语态，结合is可知，该空用现在分词形式celebrating与is一起构成现在进行时。故选F项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：哈姆雷特认为，从父亲去世到母亲和叔叔结婚之间的短暂时间是不尊重的行为。父亲没死多久，叔叔和母亲结婚，是一种不尊重的行为，形容词disrespectful (不尊重的)符合句意，作表语。故选J项。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：现在，鬼魂指示他，复仇是他的职责。由上文“He meets it and it says that his father was killed, and by his brther Claudius — it was “murder mst hrrid (可怕的)”! (他遇到了鬼魂，它说他的父亲被杀了，而他的兄弟克劳迪斯——这是“最可怕的谋杀”！)”可知，父亲被叔叔所杀，复仇是哈姆雷特的职责，名词duty (职责)符合句意，作表语。故选G项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：事情很复杂，因为克劳迪斯怀疑他的侄子。由下文“because Claudius is suspicius f his nephew. There is a cat-and-muse game played between the king and Hamlet. (因为克劳迪斯怀疑他的侄子。国王和哈姆雷特玩了一场猫捉老鼠的游戏)”可知，事情很复杂，形容词cmplicated (复杂的)符合句意，作表语。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：克劳迪斯的反应十分恐怖，向哈姆雷特证明他有罪。由上文“Hamlet has a play perfrmed fr the king which stages the way the ghst tld him f his father’s murder. Claudius reacts with hrrr (哈姆雷特为国王表演了一出戏，上演了鬼魂告诉他父亲被谋杀的故事。克劳迪斯的反应十分恐怖)”可知，从克劳迪斯的反应看，他杀了哈姆雷特的父亲，形容词guilty (有罪的)符合句意，作表语。故选E项。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：他告诉格特鲁德他讨厌她和克劳迪斯的婚姻。由上文语境可知，母亲嫁给杀父仇人，哈姆雷特应该是讨厌母亲的婚姻的，名词marriage (婚姻)符合句意，作宾语。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词。句意：剧中一个著名的演讲以“生存或不生存”开头：这是关于哈姆雷特如何无法决定是否通过自杀来摆脱困境。由下文“t be r nt t be (生存还是死亡)”可知，这句话很有名，形容词famus (著名的)符合句意，作定语，修饰名词speech。故选I项。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：在这个世界上，有想太多的人，也有像克劳迪斯这样不犹豫的人。由上文“Hamlet is a thinking man. (哈姆雷特是一个有思想的人)”可知，与哈姆雷特形成对比，克劳迪斯对于“生存还是死亡”的回答，不会犹犹豫豫，名词hesitatin (犹豫)符合句意，作宾语。故选B项。
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A (1x2’)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Fr many peple tday, reading is n lnger relaxatin. T keep up their wrk they must read letters, reprts, trade publicatins, interffice cmmunicatins, nt t mentin newspapers and magazines; a never-ending fld f wrds. In getting a jb advancing, the ability t read and cmprehend ___27___ can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfrtunate fact is that mst f us are ___28___ readers. Mst f us develp pr reading habits at an early age, and never ___29___ them. The main shrtage lies in the actual stuff f language itself – wrds. Taken individually, wrds have little___30___ until they are cmbined tgether int phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfrtunately, ___31___, the untrained reader des nt read grups f wrds. He read ne wrd at a time with difficulty, ften regressing t ___32___ wrds r passages. Regressin, namely, the tendency t lk back ver what yu have just read, is a cmmn ___33___ habit in reading. Anther bad habit which ___34___ the speed f reading is vcalizatin –sunding each wrd either ___35___ r mentally as ne reads.
T vercme these bad habits, sme reading clinics use a device called an acceleratr, which mves a bar (r curtain) dwn the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set a slightly ___36___ rate than the reader finds cmfrtable, in rder t “___37___” him. The acceleratr frces the reader t read fast, making wrd-by-wrd reading, regressin and sub-vcalizatin, practically ___38___. At first cmprehensin is ___39___ speed. But when yu learn t read ideas and cncepts, yu will nt nly read faster, but yur cmprehensin will imprve. Many peple have fund their reading skill ___40___ imprved after sme training. Take Charles Au, a business manager, fr instance, his reading rate was a reasnably gd 172 wrds a minute befre the training, nw it is an excellent 1,378 wrds a minute. He is delighted that nw he can g thrugh a lt mre reading material in a(n) ___41___ perid f time.
27. A. quicklyB. silentlyC. thrughlyD. vaguely
28. A. casualB. curiusC. efficientD. pr
29. A. acquireB. cultivateC. kickD. practice
30. A. frmatinB. meaningC. prnunciatinD. transfrmatin
31. A. hweverB. mreverC. smehwD. therefre
32. A. reciteB. rereadC. reuseD. rewrite
33. A. hrribleB. incurableC. scialD. viewing
34. A. achievesB. gainsC. measuresD. reduces
35. A. rallyB. physicallyC. quietlyD. repeatedly
36. A. betterB. fasterC. lwerD. steadier
37. A. distractB. embarrassC. interestD. stretch
38. A. demandingB. impssibleC. reasnableD. useful
39. A. applied tB. matched withC. sacrificed frD. substituted fr
40. A. dramaticallyB. hardlyC. slightlyD. subcnsciusly
41. A. indefiniteB. lengthyC. limitedD. set
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A 41. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文说明了对于今天许多人来说，阅读不再是件轻松的事情，要掌握一些方法，阅读的快慢与否决定着成功与失败，当你学会阅读的技巧，你不但读得快，而且你理解的会更全面。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在获得晋升的过程中，快速阅读和理解的能力可能意味着成功与失败的区别。A. quickly快速地；B. silently安静地；C. thrughly彻底地；D. vaguely模糊地。由上文“T keep up their wrk they must read letters, reprts, trade publicatins, interffice cmmunicatins, nt t mentin newspapers and magazines; a never-ending fld f wrds”可知，人们整日忙碌在书信、报告、商业出版物、部门文件之间，所以快速的阅读和理解能力是在获得工作晋升的过程中能够成功的关键。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，不幸的事实是，我们大多数人都是糟糕的读者。A. casual随便的；B. curius好奇的；C. efficient效率高的；D. pr较差的。由“unfrtunate”可知，我们大多数人都不擅长阅读，是很差的阅读者。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人在很小的时候就养成了不良的阅读习惯，而且从来没有改掉过。A. acquire获得；B. cultivate培养；C. kick戒除；D. practice练习。由上文“Mst f us develp pr reading habits at an early age, and never”可知，我们无法去改掉这些不良的阅读习惯，空格处意为“戒除”。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：单独来看，单词没有什么意义，直到它们组合成短语、句子和段落。A. frmatin形成；B. meaning意思；C. prnunciatin发音；D. transfrmatin变形。由下文“until they are cmbined tgether int phrases, sentences and paragraphs”可知，单词在没有组成短语、句子、段落的时候自身几乎没有意义。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，不幸的是，未经训练的读者不能阅读成组的单词。A. hwever然而；B. mrever而且；C. smehw以某种方式；D. therefre因此。根据上文“wrds have little___4___ until they are cmbined tgether int phrases, sentences and paragraphs”和下文“the untrained reader des nt read grups f wrds”可知，前后句子表示转折关系，所以用hwever。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一次只能吃力地读一个单词，经常退回去重读单词或段落。A. recite背诵；B. reread重读；C. reuse再次利用；D. rewrite重写。根据上文“regressing”可知，退回去的目的就是为了重新读。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：回顾，也就是倾向于回顾你刚刚读过的东西，是阅读中常见的可怕习惯。A. hrrible可怕的，不良的；B. incurable无法治愈的；C. scial社会的；D. viewing观看。短文在说明两种不良的阅读方法，由下文的“Anther bad habit”可知，重读是一种不良的阅读习惯。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个降低阅读速度的坏习惯是读音——在阅读时口头或心里朗读每个单词。A. achieves完成；B. gains获得；C. measures测量；D. reduces减少。根据下文“vcalizatin –sunding each wrd either ___9___ r mentally as ne reads”及常识可知，本句在说明另一种减缓阅读速度的不良阅读方法，即在阅读时口头或心里朗读每个单词。故reduce“减少”符合语境。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一个降低阅读速度的坏习惯是读音——在阅读时口头或心里朗读每个单词。A. rally口头地；B. physically身体上；C. quietly安静地；D. repeatedly重复地。根据上文“sunding each wrd either”和下文“r mentally as ne reads”可知，本句说明在心里把单词逐个读出来或者在口头上把单词逐个读出来都会影响阅读的速度。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：采用这种方式会将页面的滚动条（或屏幕）以预先设置好的速度向下翻页。A. better更好的；B. faster更快的；C. lwer更低的；D. steadier更稳定的。根据上文“sme reading clinics use a device called an acceleratr”可知，训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关，所以这里用比较级faster。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：设定的速度要比读者觉得舒服的速度略快，以便让他竭尽所能。A. distract使分心；B. embarrass使尴尬；C. interest使感兴趣；D. stretch使竭尽所能，使施展本领。根据下文“The acceleratr frces the reader t read fast”可知，加速器迫使读者快速阅读，这就使得阅读者可以竭尽所能。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：加速器迫使读者快速阅读，使得逐字逐句的阅读、退回和默读几乎不可能。A. demanding苛刻的；B. impssible不可能的；C. reasnable合情合理的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“The acceleratr frces the reader t read fast, making wrd-by-wrd reading, regressin and sub-vcalizatin”和前面讲到逐字逐句的阅读、退回和默读都是不好的习惯可知，训练快速阅读所使用的工具就是为了提高阅读速度，所以使得逐字逐句的阅读、重读和默读几乎不可能。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始，理解是为了速度而牺牲的。A. applied t适用于；B. matched with与……匹配；C. sacrificed fr为……牺牲；D. substituted fr代替。根据下文“But when yu learn t read ideas and cncepts, yu will nt nly read faster, but yur cmprehensin will imprve”可知，刚开始的时候阅读者为了阅读的速度而不去理解，也就是牺牲掉了理解，因此空格处是“为……牺牲”。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多人发现经过一些训练后他们的阅读能力有了显著的提高。A. dramatically显著地；B. hardly几乎不；C. slightly轻微地；D. subcnsciusly潜意识地。由下文“Take Charles Au, a business manager, fr instance, his reading rate was a reasnably gd 172 wrds a minute befre the training, nw it is an excellent 1,378 wrds a minute”可知，Charlce Au从以前每分钟读172个单词，而现在每分钟可读1378个单词。所以，许多人发现他们的阅读技能在经过一些训练后有了显著的提高。故选A。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很高兴现在他可以在有限的时间内阅读更多的阅读材料了。A. indefinite不确定的；B. lengthy漫长的；C. limited有限的；D. set固定的。由前文“befre the training, nw”可知，他在训练后阅读的速度得到了提高，所以他可以在有限的时间内阅读更多的阅读材料了，故选C。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
Shyness is the cause f much unhappiness fr a great many peple.Shy peple are anxius and self-cnscius；that is，they are ver cncerned with their wn appearance and actins.Wrrisme thughts are cnstantly ccurring in their minds:what kind f impressin am I making？D they like me？D I sund stupid？Am I wearing unattractive clthes？
It is bvius that such uncmfrtable feelings must affect peple unfavrably.Adpersn's self cncept is reflected in the way he r she behaves and the way a persn behaves affects ther peple's reactins.In general，the way peple think abut themselves has a deep affect n all areas f their lives.Shy peple，have lw self-esteem（自尊），are likely t be passive and easily influenced by thers.They need reassurance that they are ding〝the right thing〞.Shy peple arevery sensitive t criticism.It makes them feel inferir（自卑）.They als find it difficult t be pleased by praises because they believe they are unwrthy f praise:A'shy persn may respnd ta praise with a statement like this ne:"Yu're just saying that t make me feel gd.I knw it's nt true.〞It is clear that，while self？awareness is a healthy quality，verding it is harmful.Can shyness be cmpletely gt rid f，r at least reduced？Frtunately，peple can vercme shyness with determinatin.It is imprtant fr peple t accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths，fr example，nt fair fr them t label themselves inferir because they have t.be realistic.Living n the impssible leads t absence f inferirity.Each ne f us has his r her wn characteristics.We are interested in ur wn persnal ways.The better we understand urselves.the easier it becmes t live up t ur chances fr a rich and fulfilling life.
42. The first paragraph is mainly abut
A. the thughts f shy pepleB. the cause f shyness
C. the effect f shyness n pepleD. the questins in the minds f shy peple
43. Shy peple_____.
A. have lw self-esteemB. are likely t be passive
C. are easily influenced by thers.D. all f the-abve.
44. Accrding t the writer，self？awareness is
A. harmful t pepleB. a weak pint f shy peple
C. the cause f unhappinessD. a gd characteristic
45. What is the shy peple's reactin t praise？
A. They are pleased by itB. They feel it is nt true
C. They are very sensitive t itD. They feel they are wrthy f it
46. We can learn frm the passage that shyness can
A. help us t live up t ur full develpment
B. enable us t understand urselves better
C. blck ur chances fr a successful life
D. have nthing t d with lack f self esteem
【答案】42. C 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. C
【解析】
【42题详解】
本题解析略。
【43题详解】
本题解析略。
【44题详解】
本题解析略。
【45题详解】
本题解析略。
【46题详解】
本题解析略。
B
It was a cld night in Washingtn, D.C., and I was heading back t the htel when a man apprached me. He asked if I wuld give him sme mney s he culd get smething t eat. I’d read the signs: “Dn’t give mney t beggars as mst f them are swindlers.” S I shk my head and kept walking.
I wasn’t prepared fr a reply, but with n hesitatin, he fllwed me and said, “I really am hmeless and I really am hungry! Yu can cme with me and watch me eat!” But I kept n walking.
The incident kept bthering me fr the rest f the week. I had mney in my pcket and it wuldn’t have killed me t hand ver a dllar r tw even if he hadn’t been a real beggar. On a freezing cld night, n less, I assumed the wrst f a fellw human being.
Flying back t Anchrage, I culdn’t help thinking f him. I tried t reasn my failure t help by suppsing gvernment agencies, churches and charities were there t feed him. Besides, yu’re nt suppsed t give mney t beggars.
Smewhere ver Seattle, I started t write my weekly garden clumn fr The Anchrage Daily News. Out f the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean’s Cafe, a lcal charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds f hungry lcal peple every day. Why nt try t get all my readers t plant ne rw f vegetables r flwers in their gardens fr Bean’s? Plant a rw fr Bean’s. It’s clean and simple.
We didn’t keep recrds back then, but the idea began t take ff. Flks wuld fax me r call when they tk smething in. It’s fd fr the spirit and cmfrt fr my cnscience.
In April 1995, the Garden Writers Assciatin f America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchrage and after learning ur prgram, Plant a Rw fr Bean’s became Plant a Rw Fr The Hungry. The idea then was t have every member write r talk abut planting a rw fr the hungry, which brught the prgram t natinal attentin.
As mre and mre peple participated, new variatins crpped up. Many cmpanies gave free seeds t custmers and displayed the lg fr the prgram. Dnatins pured in. It was then that I culd really stp feeling guilty.
47. The underlined wrd “swindlers” in the first paragraph is clsest in meaning t ______.
A. plicemenB. writersC. cheatersD. beggars
48. Why did the authr think he assumed the wrst f a fellw human being?
A. Because he didn’t shw fair respect t a beggar treating him badly.
B. Because he culd have helped a hungry man but he passed by.
C. Because he believed that n peple begged because f real hunger.
D. Because he thught that charity wrk was the gvernment’s duty.
49. Hw did the authr make up fr what he had dne?
A. He set up a lcal kitchen t help the pr.
B. He planted a rw f vegetables fr charity.
C. He called n peple t dnate mney t the Bean’s.
D. He initiated the idea f Plant a rw fr Bean’s.
50. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. The beggar gave up the first time he was turned dwn by the authr.
B. The authr invented the prgram inspired by the Anchrage Daily News.
C. GWAA expanded the prgram cncept and made it natinwide in 1995.
D. The prgram was later taken ver by sme seeding cmpanies.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. D 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一次拒绝一个乞讨者的请求后，内心难安，非常愧疚。利用自己在报社的工作，写了一篇专栏鼓励所有读者在自家花园里种植一排豆子，去帮助那些挨饿的邻居。
【47题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“I’d read the signs: “Dn’t give mney t beggars as mst f them are swindlers（我看到标语上写着:“不要给乞丐钱，因为他们大多数都是swindlers）”可知，作者径直走开没有帮助那个乞讨者，因为认为他们是骗子。cheaters是近义词。故选C。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“S I shk my head and kept walking.（于是我摇了摇头，继续往前走。）”以及第三段“The incident kept bthering me fr the rest f the week. I had mney in my pcket and it wuldn’t have killed me t hand ver a dllar r tw even if he hadn’t been a real beggar. On a freezing cld night, n less, I assumed the wrst f a fellw human being.（这个星期剩下的时间里，这件事一直困扰着我。我口袋里有钱，即使他不是一个真正的乞丐，给他一两美元也不会要我的命。在一个寒冷的夜晚，我把一个人往最坏的方面想。）”可知，作者认为他假设了一个人类同伴最坏的一面是因为他本可以帮助一个饥饿的人，但他却走开了。故选B。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Out f the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean’s Cafe, a lcal charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds f hungry lcal peple every day. Why nt try t get all my readers t plant ne rw f vegetables r flwers in their gardens fr Bean’s? Plant a rw fr Bean’s. It’s clean and simple. （突然间，我想到了一个主意。Bean ’s Cafe是当地一家慈善服务厨房，每天为数百名饥饿的当地人提供食物。为什么不试着让我所有的读者在他们的花园里为Bean种植一排蔬菜或鲜花呢?种一排豆子。它干净而简单。）”可知，作者提出了“为豆子种植一排”的想法来弥补他所做的事。故选D。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In April 1995, the Garden Writers Assciatin f America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchrage and after learning ur prgram, Plant a Rw fr Bean’s became Plant a Rw Fr The Hungry. The idea then was t have every member write r talk abut planting a rw fr the hungry, which brught the prgram t natinal attentin.（1995年4月，美国园艺作家协会(GWAA)在安克雷奇召开了年度会议，在学习了我们的项目后，“为豆子种一排”变成了“为饥饿者种一排”。当时的想法是让每个成员都写或谈论为饥饿的人种植一排，这使该计划引起了全国的关注。）”可知，1995年，GWAA扩大了该计划的概念，并将其推广到全国。故选C。
C
The decline in mral standards--which has lng cncerned scial analysts--has at last captured the attentin f average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain fr ne, is glad.
The fact the rdinary citizens are nw starting t think seriusly abut the natin’s mral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) prfessr at the University f Chicag, is reasn t hpe that new ideas will cme frward t imprve it.
But the challenge is nt t be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American sciety are the biggest bstacles. “The thught that ‘I’m in it fr me’ has becme deeply rted in the natinal cnsciusness” Ms. Elshtain says.
Sme f this can be attributed t the disintegratin f traditinal cmmunities, in which neighbrs lked ut fr ne anther, she says. With tday’s greater mbility and with s many cuples wrking, thse bnds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis n self.
In a 1996 pll f Americans, lss f mrality tpped the list f the biggest prblems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is crrect t sense that: Data shw that Americans are struggling with prblems unheard f in the 1950s, such as classrm vilence and a high rate f births t unmarried mthers.
The desire fr a higher mral standard is nt a lament (挽歌) fr sme nnexistent “glden age,” Elshtain says, nr is it a wishful lnging fr a time that denied pprtunities t wmen and minrities. Mst peple, in fact, favr the lessening f prejudice.
Mral decline will nt be reversed until peple find ways t cunter the materialism in sciety, she says. “Slwly, yu recgnize that the things that matter are thse that cant’ be bught.”
51. Prfessr Elshtain is pleased t see that Americans ________.
A have adapted t a new set f mral standards
B. are lnging fr the return f the gd ld days
C. have realized the imprtance f material things
D. are awakening t the lwering f their mral standards
52. The mral decline f American sciety is caused mainly by ________.
A. its grwing wealth
B. the self-centeredness f individuals
C. underestimating the impact f scial changes
D. the prejudice against wmen and minrities
53. In the 1950s, classrm vilence ________.
A. was smething unheard fB. was by n means a rare ccurrence
C. attracted a lt f public attentinD. began t appear in analysts’ data
54. Accrding t Elshtain, the current mral decline may be reversed ________.
A. if peple can return t the “glden age”
B. when wmen and men enjy equal rights
C when peple rid themselves f prejudice
D. if less emphasis is laid n material things
【答案】51. D 52. B 53. A 54. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国社会的道德衰落问题。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The decline in mral standards--which has lng cncerned scial analysts--has at last captured the attentin f average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, fr ne. is glad.（道德标准的下降——这个长期困扰社会分析家的问题——终于引起了普通美国人的注意。Jean Bethke Elshtain就是其中之一。很高兴。）”可知，埃尔斯顿教授很高兴地看到，美国人正在意识到他们的道德标准正在降低。故选D。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Materialism and individualism in American sciety are the biggest bstacles. “The thught that ‘I’m in it fr me’ has becme deeply rted in the natinal cnsciusness,” Ms. Elshtain says.（在美国社会实用主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。Elshtain女士说，“我为我而活”这种思想已经在国家的意识形态中深深地扎下了根。）”可知，美国社会的道德沦丧主要是由个人的自我中心造成的，故选B。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Data shw that Americans are struggling with prblems unheard f in the 1950s, such as classrm vilence and a high rate f births t unmarried mthers.（数据显示，美国人正在努力解决上世纪50年代闻所未闻问题，比如课堂暴力和未婚母亲的高出生率。）可知，在20世纪50年代，课堂暴力是闻所未闻的。故选A。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mral decline will nt be reversed until peple find ways t cunter the materialism in sciety, she says. “Slwly, yu recgnize that the things that matter are thse that cant’ be bught.（她说，除非人们找到办法对抗社会上的物质主义，否则道德衰退是无法逆转的。慢慢地，你会意识到重要的东西是那些买不到的东西。）”可知，根据Elshtain的说法，如果对物质的重视程度降低，当前的道德衰退可能会逆转。故选D。
D
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are thusands f cral reefs (珊瑚礁) in the wrld; Unfrtunately, hwever, they are nw in serius danger. Mre than ne-third are in such bad shape that they culd die within ten years.___55___Here are the three main causes discvered.
The first cause is pllutin n land. The pllutants run with rainwater int rivers and streams, which carry the pisns int the cean.___56___S they will be easily infected (感染) with diseases.
___57___Higher cean temperatures kill the imprtant fd surce (来源) fr the cral—the algae, the tiny greenish-gld water plants that live n cral.___58___This prcess has happened mre and mre frequently in recent years.
The last factr cntributing t the disappearance f cral reefs is peple. Peple smetimes crash int reefs with their bats, breaking ff large blcks f cral.___59___Mrever, sme peple even break cral ff t cllect fr suvenirs since it is s clrful and pretty.
A. Glbal warming is anther reasn.
B. Many might nt even last that lng!
C. Divers wh walk n reefs can als d serius damage.
D. Reefs prvide a hme fr 25% f the fish in the cean.
E. Chemicals frm the pisns kill reefs r make them weak.
F. Steps must be taken nw t stp ver-fishing and pllutin f the ceans.
G. When the algae die, the cral lses its clr and it als dies in the end.
【答案】55. B 56. E 57. A 58. G 59. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍全球的海洋珊瑚礁正在受到破坏，以及对珊瑚造成危害的不同的原因
【55题详解】
根据上文“Mre than ne-third are in such bad shape that they culd die within ten years. (超过三分之一的珊瑚状况很差，可能在十年内死亡)”以及下文“Here are the three main causes discvered. (以下是发现的三个主要原因。)”可知设空处承上启下，应该继续说珊瑚遭破坏的程度，选项B“很多甚至可能不会持续那么久！”紧密连接上文，并且引出下文的原因，故选B。
【56题详解】
根据上文“The pllutants run with rainwater int rivers and streams, which carry the pisns int the cean. (污染物与雨水一起流入河流和小溪，这些河流和小溪将毒物带入海洋。)”可知讲述污染物等对珊瑚造成破坏，所以E选项“来自毒品的化学物质会杀了珊瑚礁或让它们变得虚弱。”符合题意，故选E。
【57题详解】
根据下文“Higher cean temperatures kill the imprtant fd surce (来源) fr the cral—the algae, the tiny greenish-gld water plants that live n cral. (更高的海洋温度杀死了珊瑚的重要食物来源——藻类，一种生活在珊瑚上的微小的绿金色水生植物。)”可推断此处说的是第二个破坏珊瑚的原因，和全球温度变暖有关，故选项A“全球气温变暖是另外一个原因。”符合题意，故选A。
【58题详解】
根据上文“the algae, the tiny greenish-gld water plants that live n cral. (藻类，一种生活在珊瑚上的微小的绿金色水生植物。) ”可知下文应该是和藻类相关，所以G选项“当水藻死了，珊瑚会失去颜色，最终死亡。”紧密连接上文，并且选项中的“the algae”和上文中的“the algae”相呼应，故选G。
【59题详解】
根据上文“The last factr cntributing t the disappearance f cral reefs is peple. Peple smetimes crash int reefs with their bats, breaking ff large blcks f cral. (导致珊瑚礁消失的最后一个因素是人类。人们有时会用船撞到礁石上，撞断大块的珊瑚。) ”可知本段讲述的内容是人类怎样对珊瑚造成破坏的，选项C“在礁石上行走的潜水员也会造成伤害。”符合题意，故选C。
V. Translatin (2+3+3+3+4)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
60. 按照惯例，在中国车辆靠右行驶。(practice)（汉译英）
【答案】It is the/a (cmmn) practice t drive n the right in China.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，固定句型，主谓一致和不定式。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“按照惯例”是固定句型It is the/a (cmmn) practice t d，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，“在中国”是in China，“车辆靠右行驶”是drive n the right，因此整句话翻译为“It is the/a (cmmn) practice t drive n the right in China”。故答案为It is the/a (cmmn) practice t drive n the right in China.
61. 报纸的标题应该是提供信息又吸引眼球的。(infrmative)（汉译英）
【答案】The headlines f a newspaper shuld be bth infrmative and eye-catching.
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词，名词和形容词。“报纸的标题”是the headlines f a newspaper，“应该是”是shuld be，“提供信息又吸引眼球的”用形容词作表语，用连接，“提供信息的”是infrmative，“吸引眼球的”是eye-catching，因此整句话翻译为“The headlines f a newspaper shuld be bth infrmative and eye-catching”。故答案为The headlines f a newspaper shuld be bth infrmative and eye-catching.
62. 见面片刻后，他们就把谈话转到比较有趣的话题上去了。(switch)（汉译英）
【答案】They switched the talk t a mre interesting subject after meeting each ther fr a mment/while/an instant.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和比较级。“见面片刻后”是after meeting each ther fr a mment/while/an instant，“他们就把谈话转到比较有趣的话题上去了”描述的是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“把谈话转到……上去”是switched the talk t，“比较有趣的话题”是a mre interesting subject，因此整句话翻译为“They switched the talk t a mre interesting subject after meeting each ther fr a mment/while/an instant”。故答案为They switched the talk t a mre interesting subject after meeting each ther fr a mment/while/an instant.
63. 再次见面时，他送给我一本新出版的书，里面附有一封感谢信。(enclse)（汉译英）
【答案】The secnd time we met, he sent me a newly-published bk, with a letter f thanks enclsed.
The secnd time we met, he sent me a newly-published bk, enclsing a letter f thanks.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句，时态，with复合结构和非谓语动词。“再次见面时”用the secnd time引导时间状语从句，且描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“见面”是we met，“他送给我一本新出版的书”是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，翻译为“he sent me a newly-published bk”，“里面附有一封感谢信”用with复合结构，“一封感谢信”是a letter f thanks，“附有”是enclse，letter和enclse是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动作宾补，因此“里面附有一封感谢信”是with a letter f thanks enclsed；“里面附有一封感谢信”也可用非谓语动词，bk和enclse之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，“一封感谢信”是a letter f thanks，因此“里面附有一封感谢信”也可翻译为enclsing a letter f thanks。故答案为The secnd time we met, he sent me a newly-published bk, with a letter f thanks enclsed./The secnd time we met, he sent me a newly-published bk, enclsing a letter f thanks.
64. 在十九世纪中期，杂志发展成为公众流行娱乐的主要来源。(It be….that)
【答案】It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine develped int the main surce f ppular entertainment fr the general public.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，强调句和固定短语。题目要求翻译为强调句，结构是“It is/was+被强调的部分+wh/that+其余部分”，句中强调的是时间“在十九世纪中期”，是during the mid-nineteenth century，是过去的时间，因此时态用一般过去时，“杂志”是the magazine，“发展成为”是develp int，时态用一般过去时，“……的主要来源”是the main surce f，“公众流行娱乐”是ppular entertainment fr the general public，因此整句话翻译为“It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine develped int the main surce f ppular entertainment fr the general public”。故答案为It was during the mid-nineteenth century that the magazine develped int the main surce f ppular entertainment fr the general public.A. marriage B. hesitatin C. cmplicated D. happening E. guilty F. celebrating
G. duty H. perfrmed I. famus J. disrespectful K. prfited