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2022-2023学年陕西省西安市西安市大联考高二下学期4月期中英语试题含答案
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这是一份2022-2023学年陕西省西安市西安市大联考高二下学期4月期中英语试题含答案，共9页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，考试结束后，将答题卡交回等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年第二学期期中检测
高二英语
(考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分)
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。
4．考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第I卷(选择题)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What colour was the woman’s shirt?
A. Pink. B. White. C. Light yellow.
2. What does the man want?
A. A one-dollar bill. B. Some coins. C. A parking place.
3. What is the man?
A. A businessman. B. A teacher. C. A student.
4. What does the man mean?
A. He has seen the movie.
B. He is interested in the movie.
C. He doesn’t want to see the movie.
5 What are the speakers talking about?
A. When to go on a hike.
B. Whether to go to the movie.
C. What to do in the afternoon.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What does the man think of the book?
A. Surprising, B. Creative C. Encouraging.
7. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To call on people to live a healthy life.
B. To give people chance to write a book.
C. To encourage teamwork among students.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a train station. B. At an airport. C. At a bus station.
9. How much should the woman pay for her ticket?
A. £ 45 B. £ 35 C. £ 27
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What did he woman’ lost handbag look like?
A. It was made of cloth. B. It was brown. C. It was new
11. What was inside the handbag?
A. Some money. B The address book C. The purse
12. What dos the man suggest the woman de?
A. Go to the hotel again.
B. Look for the handbag herself.
C Ask the hotel about her handbag.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the woman want to buy something for her husband?
A. It’s Christmas. B. It’s his birthday. C. It’s an apology
14. What present did the woman give to her husband last Christmas?
A. A coat. B. A sweater. C. A tie
15. What does the man say about the wallets?
A. They have just arrived from Italy
B. They are popular with famous people.
C. They are especially designed for men.
16. What does the woman finally decide to give to her husband?
A. A wallet. B. A shirt. C. Trousers
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What is the speech mainly about?
A. How one open-air theatre was built
B. What it’s like to work in an open-air theatre.
C. How the open-air theaters developed in Britain.
18. What will the actors do when an animal suddenly appears on the stage?
A. snore it. B. Cancel the play. C. Include it in their play
19. What will the audience usually react to bad weather?
A. They’ll accept it and continue to sit.
B. They’ll want to return their tickets.
C. They’ll think it is fun.
20. What does John barrack say about outdoor theaters?
A. They are just like clubs.
B. They have advantaged over normal theaters.
C. They create distance between actors and audience.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2分，满分 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
What would you think if someone suggested knocking down St Paul’s Cathedral to widen the road? Or pulling down Big Ben to make way for a car park? It would be ridiculous, right? But when it comes to devastation of the natural world, we aren’t so easily shocked. But we should be…or we’ll be in a lot of trouble.
Nature is shrinking by the day. Ancient forests are destroyed. Wetlands are becoming dry. Woodland is disappearing, and all in the name of progress. This is bad in itself, but it’s devastating for biodiversity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants, animals and other living things that are all interconnected. The ecological services provided by biodiversity are vital to everyday life. The air we breathe is a product of photosynthesis by green plants. Insects, worms and bacteria break down waste and make soils rich. And tiny organisms clean the water in rivers and sea. In fact, all life on the earth exists thanks to the benefits of biodiversity. More than 90 percent of the calories consumed by people worldwide are produced from 80 plant species. And 30 percent of medicines are developed from plants and animals. Maintaining a wide diversity of species in each ecosystem is necessary to preserve all living things.
The loss of biodiversity could be devastating. “It is wrong to think that biodiversity can be reduced indefinitely without threatening humans,” said Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson, known as the “father of biodiversity”. He warned, “We are about to reach a critical point beyond which biodiversity loss will become irreversible.”
But what can we do? The present problem is that the concept of biodiversity is so vague. People might care about giant pandas, but it is much harder to excite them about the fate of tiny sea creatures which are being boiled to death in the cooling systems of power stations along coastlines. The Guardian newspaper is trying to help. It has launched the Biodiversity 100 campaign to try to convince governments around the world to take action to deal with the widespread concerns about biodiversity. This includes persuading the UK government to create a series of marine reserves to reserve the decrease in the sea-life caused by industrial fishing, stopping fishing sharks by the Japanese fishermen and banning the killing of dingoes in Australia, among many other things.
There is a lot to do. And we’d better act quickly if we don’t want to end up with a planet that can’t sustain life!
1. The underlined sentence “Nature is shrinking by the day.” means that ________.
A. nature is badly polluted by humans
B. species are becoming fewer and fewer day by day
C. rainforests are being cut down every day
D. nature is full of mysteries
2. Edward O. Wilson thinks that ________.
A. it doesn’t matter to reduce biodiversity
B. people have done enough to preserve biodiversity
C. the situation of biodiversity is very serious
D. biodiversity loss has become irreversible
3. When it comes to biodiversity, the present problem is that ________.
A. people might not clearly know what is biodiversity and what should be protected
B. people are not aware that giant pandas are endangered
C. people don’t realize that biodiversity is vital to everyday life
D. people hunt sea creatures for food
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过文章向我们描述了生物多样性目前面临的形势非常严峻，不容乐观，呼吁读者保护生物多样性。
【1题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句下文“Ancient forests are destroyed. Wetlands are becoming dry. Woodland is disappearing, and all in the name of progress. This is bad in itself, but it’s devastating for biodiversity. (大自然正在日益萎缩。古老的森林被摧毁。湿地正在变得干燥。林地正在消失，而这一切都是以进步的名义。这本身就很糟糕，但对生物多样性来说是毁灭性的)”可知，划线句子的意思是生物多样性在遭受破坏，自然界的物种每天都在减少。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“He warned, “We are about to reach a critical point beyond which biodiversity loss will become irreversible.” (他警告，“我们即将达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，生物多样性丧失将变得不可逆转。”)”可知，Edward O. Wilson认为生物多样性形势十分严峻。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But what can we do? The present problem is that the concept of biodiversity is so vague. (但是我们能做什么呢？目前的问题是生物多样性的概念太模糊了)”可知，当涉及到生物多样性，目前的问题是人们可能不清楚地知道什么是生物多样性和什么应该被保护。故选A项。
B
Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even though you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班的路程) can leave you feeling somewhat disconnected.
An American living in London, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube here and it’s completely silent and it feels a bit strange,” says Jonathan Dunne, 42, who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (证章；徽章) with the words “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another.
“I handed out 500 badges during rush hours in a city of 8 million, expecting most of them to be thrown away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,” he says.
Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have been covered by media across the world since then, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brail and the UK, as well as a lot of website, newspaper and magazine appearances. Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his opinion. Londoner Brian Wilson started a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them. “I can’t stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only place and quietness some people get on their journeys to and from work. Personally, I don’t want to be troubled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says.
While London does not appear to be social, not everywhere lacks a sense of community. In Melbourne, Australia, commuters have set up a private Facebook group used to warn one another when ticket inspectors (售票员) board the city’s trams (有轨电车). Most Western cities’ tram stops have no barriers, which makes it possible for some travelers to ride them without buying tickets. Though the group comes with a disclaimer (免费申明), its purpose is actually to warn fare paying members that tickets inspectors are on so that they can ready their smiles and most importantly, their tickets.
Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit will be mirrored in the UK following his campaign? “People believed that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, the curator (馆长) of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.” So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.
4. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To blame the loneliness on London Tube.
B. To show the selfishness of Londoners.
C. To express the upset of the Tube riders.
D. To introduce the background of the campaign.
5. Which of the following is TRUE about Dunne’s campaign?
A. It encourages people to avoid chatting on the Tube.
B It doesn’t win everyone’s support in London.
C. It’s known only to a small number of Londoners.
D. It gives out badges with “Don’t even think about it.”
6. What can be inferred from the underlined sentences?
A. They prefer drinking tea to chatting on the Tube.
B. Dunne didn’t expected to meet the curator on the Tube.
C. Dunne never walks up and talks to strangers on the Tube.
D. It is possible to make friends with a stranger on the Tube.
7. What is the author’s attitude towards Dunne’s campaign?
A. Doubtful B. Worried
C. Supportive D. Amazed
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。住在伦敦的美国人乔纳森•邓恩发现在伦敦坐地铁的人保持沉默，互相不说话、不交流，他就想改变这种情况，他向通勤者发放“地铁聊天”的徽章，鼓励他们相互交谈。他的做法收到的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要讲的是：住在伦敦的美国人乔纳森•邓恩发现在伦敦坐地铁的人保持沉默，互相不说话不交流，他就想改变这种情况，他向通勤者发放“地铁聊天”的徽章，鼓励他们相互交谈。他的做法收到的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。而第一段“Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even though you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute(上下班的路程) can leave you feeling somewhat disconnected.(尽管每年有13.4亿人乘坐伦敦地铁，但在伦敦乘坐地铁实际上是相当孤独的。英国有一条不成文的规矩，鼓励大家保持沉默，再加上经典的英式矜持，这意味着即使你和数百人挤在一个封闭的空间里，早晨的通勤也会让你感到有些疏离)”是介绍在伦敦坐地铁时人们保持沉默、不互相交流这种现象。由此推知，第一段是为了介绍乔纳森•邓恩发起运动鼓励人们在地铁上交流的背景。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his opinion. Londoner Brian Wilson started a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words ‘Don’t even think about it’ on them. ‘I can’t stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,’ he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. ‘Being on the Tube is the only place and quietness some people get on their journeys to and from work. Personally, I don’t want to be troubled by people coming up and chatting to you,’ he says.(虽然邓恩说他收到的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。伦敦人布莱恩·威尔逊也发起了一项运动，他发放了500枚徽章，上面写着‘想都别想’。 他在接受BBC采访时表示：‘我无法忍受在上班的地铁上和陌生人说话。’来自伦敦的24岁学生迈克尔·罗宾逊对此表示赞同。‘地铁是一些人上下班旅途中唯一安静的地方。就我个人而言，我不想被走过来和你聊天的人打扰，’他说)”可知，在伦敦并不是每个人都支持邓恩发起的运动。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据划线句子“‘People believed that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,’ he says. ‘On Monday, the curator(馆长) of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.’（他说：‘人们认为我只是走过去和陌生人说话，我不是，但这是一个很好的方式，可以认识你平时永远不会说过话的人。’‘星期一，伦敦交通博物馆的馆长请我去喝茶。’）”推知，邓恩一定是在地铁上结识的伦敦交通博物馆的馆长，所以在地铁上和陌生人交朋友是可能的。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.（所以，如果你在西方乘坐公共交通工具，为什么不向旁边的人打个招呼呢? 不过一定要先检查一下对方有没有徽章）”推知，作者对于邓恩发起的运动是支持的。故选C项。
C
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, but it also causes pollution, wastes energy, and surprisingly wastes water. Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane(膜)or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely tasteless so you needn’t worry about any taste.
It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials that are needed to produce Ooho. The price for an only bubble(泡状物)or a unit of bubbles hasn’t been decided yet, but it costs about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. The team has also been selling Ooho water bottles in London for the past six months.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.
8. How is most plastic in America dealt with?
A. It is thrown away as litter. B. It is reused as new energy.
C. It is buried under the ground. D. It is applied to new technology.
9. What can we know about the Ooho?
A. It plans to be sold at a very low price.
B. It has some advantages over plastic bottles.
C. It has taken the place of plastic bottles in London.
D. Proper materials of making Ooho are hard to find.
10. What’s the author’s attitude towards Ooho’s future?
A. Doubtful. B. Uninterested. C. Positive. D. Worried.
11. Who might be target readers?
A. Scientists. B. Experts. C. Environmentalists. D. The public.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名叫Ooho的水瓶，这种水瓶既方便又清澈，既可以喝也可以吃。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.(在美国，只有23%的塑料最终进入了回收箱，这意味着每年有超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理。)”可知，在美国，大多数的塑料都被当作垃圾处理。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane(膜)or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely tasteless so you needn’t worry about any taste.(这是一种既方便又清澈的水瓶，既可以喝也可以吃。要喝的话，可以去掉膜，也可以用牙齿在膜上撕开一个洞，把水倒进嘴里。要吃它，你只需把整瓶放进嘴里。它是完全无味的，所以你不必担心任何味道。)”以及文章第三段“It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.(它的目标是在大型户外活动中使用成吨的塑料瓶，经常被丢弃作为垃圾。过多的塑料肯定会对环境造成危害，这可能是这项新发明的目的。)”可知，Ooho比塑料瓶的优点多，不仅方便，而且不会对环境造成危害。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane(膜)or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely tasteless so you needn’t worry about any taste.(这是一种既方便又清澈的水瓶，既可以喝也可以吃。要喝的话，可以去掉膜，也可以用牙齿在膜上撕开一个洞，把水倒进嘴里。要吃它，你只需把整瓶放进嘴里。它是完全无味的，所以你不必担心任何味道。)”可知，作者认为这种水瓶非常好，而根据文章最后一段“It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.(它正在迅速崛起，所以请关注这些未来的瓶子。)”可知，作者对这个瓶子的未来抱有积极的态度。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.(Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，仅在三天内就筹集了超过100万美元。它主要是在目前的活动中出售，以吸引买家，而生产机器正在启动和运行。它正在迅速崛起，所以请关注这些未来的瓶子。)”可知，这种瓶子正在崛起中，目前需要公众的关注。所以这篇文章是写给大众看的，既介绍了瓶子又吸引了公众的关注，渴望有大量人群购买。故选D。
D
As prices drop and their functionality expands, you can expect to see humanoid(类人的)robots in more places, including schools, airports, and hospitals. Will they influence human behavior?
In a study published recently, scientists found that mean robots can help people concentrate. The experiment, published in Science Robotics, was based on something called the Stroop Task, which is widely used in psychology and described as the "gold standard" of attentional tests. It challenges participants to name the colors of words and ignore their meanings while calculating reaction time.
The researchers put a modern twist on the task, though-this time, there was a robot in the room. The goal was to see if the presence of a robot would affect cognition, and the researchers found it did, but only when the robot was mean.
How do you make a robot mean? In this case, a meter-tall toy robot called a Meccanoid G15KS was made to respond to seven questions. The good robots told jokes, spoke about friendship, and described test subjects as nice. The bad robots replied to questions with passive aggressive comebacks, such as "I enjoy doing analysis programs but you would not understand" and statements like "I do not value friendship."Then the participants rated the robots."The more participants thought the robot made them uncomfortable, the greater the improvement of their Stroop performance was," the researchers wrote."Not surprisingly, the bad robot was rated as less warm, friendly and pleasant than the good robot."
The study authors argue that robots are crossing the line in some situations from machines to social agents. That will change how humans interact with and behave around them.
“Similar to a human's presence, the presence of a robot might not be neutral(无倾向性的) in situations like school or in the office when you are working." Nicolas Spatola, one of the study authors said in an email, "So before your boss decides to introduce a robot in your office, it could be a good idea to evaluate how you feel about it and how it can positively or negatively impact your work, how comfortable you may feel with it or if you feel it to be a threat."
Just 58 students from University Clermont Auvergne in France participated in the experiment but the researchers found an increase in the speed of correct answers among those in the presence of a mean robot when compared to those who were with a nice robot or alone.
In the future, robots will almost certainly become more and more common in nursing homes, hotel check-in desks, behind the wheel, and elsewhere. “If we want to improve the use of robots in our daily life, there seems to be a need to first understand how Human Robot Interaction can impact human psychology,” Spatola said.
12. What was the finding of the new study?
A. The use of robots is rising. B. Humanoid robots can be mean.
C. Unkind robots can sharpen our focus. D. Robots are becoming more functional.,.
13. According to the passage, how did the participants judge the robots?
A. By their words. B. By their actions.
C. By their appearance. D. By the Stroop Task.
14. Which of the following might Nicolas Spatola agree with?
A. Be careful about using robots. B. Leave the robot if it presents a threat.
C. Robots will have a good impact on offices. D. Robots may replace humans in the workplace.
15. What was the drawback of the study?
A. The participants were too young. B. The study method wasn't scientific.
C. There was a slight difference in speed. D. The number of the participants was too small.
16. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientists have already developed humanoid robots.
B. Humanoid robots have already found its way into our daily life.
C. Humanoid robots will certainly come into our daily life sooner or later.
D. There is no difficulty we'll meet with before humanoid robots are widely used.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着价格的下降和功能的扩展，你可以期待在更多的地方看到类人机器人，包括学校、机场和医院。它们会影响人类行为吗？在最近发表的一项研究中，科学家发现，刻薄的机器人可以帮助人们集中精力。文章介绍了研究过程，以及相关人员对此的看法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中In a study published recently, scientists found that mean robots can help people concentrate.可知在最近发表的一项研究中，科学家发现，刻薄的机器人可以帮助人们集中精力。由此可知，这项新研究的结果是不友善的机器人能使我们集中注意力。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中In this case, a meter-tall toy robot called a Meccanoid G15KS was made to respond to seven questions. The good robots told jokes, spoke about friendship, and described test subjects as nice. The bad robots replied to questions with passive aggressive comebacks, such as "I enjoy doing analysis programs but you would not understand" and statements like "I do not value friendship. "Then the participants rated the robots." The more participants thought the robot made them uncomfortable, the greater the improvement of their Stroop performance was," the researchers wrote."Not surprisingly, the bad robot was rated as less warm, friendly and pleasant than the good robot."可知在这个案例中，一个一米高的名为Meccanoid G15KS的玩具机器人被制造出来回答七个问题。优秀的机器人会讲笑话，谈论友谊，并将测试对象描述为友好的。“坏机器人”会用消极主动的回答来回答问题，比如“我喜欢做分析程序，但你不会理解”，或者“我不重视友谊”。然后让参与者给机器人打分。研究人员写道：“参与者越觉得机器人让他们感到不舒服，他们Stroop表现的改善就越大。”不出意料，坏机器人被评为不如好机器人热情、友好和令人愉快。”由此可知，参与者是通过机器人的语言来判断机器人的。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Similar to a human's presence, the presence of a robot might not be neutral(无倾向性的) in situations like school or in the office when you are working." Nicolas Spatola, one of the study authors said in an email, "So before your boss decides to introduce a robot in your office,1t could be a good idea to evaluate how you feel about it and how it can positively or negatively impact your work, how comfortable you may feel with it or if you feel it to be a threat."可知“类似于人类的存在，机器人的存在在学校或办公室等情况下，当你在工作时，可能并不中立。”研究作者之一Nicolas Spatola在一封电子邮件中说：“所以，在你的老板决定在你的办公室里引入一个机器人之前，评估你对它的感觉，以及它如何对你的工作产生积极或消极的影响可能是一个好主意，你可能会觉得它有多舒服，或者你是否觉得它是一种威胁。”由此可推知，Nicolas Spatola可能会同意A选项“使用机器人时要小心”的观点。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Just 58 students from University Clermont Auvergne in France participated in the experiment but the researchers found an increase in the speed of correct answers among those in the presence of a mean robot when compared to those who were with a nice robot or alone.可知法国克莱蒙特奥弗涅大学只有58名学生参与了这项实验，但研究人员发现，与那些与优秀机器人在一起或单独在一起的人相比，那些在刻薄机器人面前的人答对问题的速度更快。由此可推知，这项研究的缺点是参加者的人数太少。故选D。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中In the future, robots will almost certainly become more and more common in nursing homes, hotel check-in desks, behind the wheel, and elsewhere.可知在未来，机器人几乎肯定会越来越普遍地出现在养老院、酒店登记台、方向盘后面和其他地方。由此可推知，类人机器人肯定迟早会进入我们的日常生活。故选C。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2分，满分 10 分)
短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When it comes to helping students learn and mature, there are several ways to increase their well-being. Although your children may be succeeding in the classroom, there are a few things that you still can do.
Encouraging physical activity is the first thing you can do. More and more children do not participate in sports after school. It’s important for you to encourage mobility with sports that are played after class. You should find sporting equipment, basketball courts and play areas where kids can increase their well-being. ____17____
Secondly, you can provide proper nutrition for your children. It’s important for your children to receive proper nutrition both inside and outside of the home. ____18____ You’d better make it a point to provide enough nutrition for their proper development and growth.
____19____ Many parents fail to stop children from using smart phones and computers. There are some institutions that even encourage too much screen time as a way to teach children or keep them entertained. You should help the children remain excited without sitting in front of a screen throughout the day.
Last but not the least monitoring bullying （欺凌）is also an essential part. Bullying continues to remain a common problem in some schools, making it important that the environment that your children grow in holds a high standard. ____20____
It’s important to examine the school life as a whole to determine what factors are missing. ____21____. You may determine how well they adjust to the world around them and succeed in life.
A. You should provide kids with fresh food.
B. Besides, you’d better limit their screen time.
C. It will encourage children to focus on their study.
D. In addition, try your best to give them more freedom.
E. This will reduce the risk of health conditions that include obesity.
F. You can advise teachers to keep a practice of looking for bullying.
G. Parents play a significant role in children’s growth and well-being.
【答案】17. E 18. A 19. B 20. F 21. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有几种方法，在帮助学生学习和成熟方面可以提高他们的幸福感。
【17题详解】
根据上文提示“你应该找到运动器材、篮球场和玩耍的地方，在那里孩子们可以提高他们的幸福感。”承接上文，E项This will reduce the risk of health conditions that include obesity.（这将降低包括肥胖在内的健康状况的风险。）切题。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文提示“让你的孩子在家庭内外都得到适当的营养是很重要的。”再根据下文提示“你最好注意为它们的正常发育和生长提供足够的营养。”承接上下文，A项You should provide kids with fresh food.（你应该给孩子们提供新鲜的食物。）切题。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据下文提示“许多家长未能阻止孩子使用智能手机和电脑。”承接下文，B项Besides, you’d better limit their screen time.（此外，你最好限制他们使用电子设备的时间。）切题。该项中的Besides呼应了上文的Secondly。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文提示“在一些学校里，欺凌仍然是一个普遍的问题，这使得你的孩子成长的环境保持高标准变得很重要。”承接上文，F项You can advise teachers to keep a practice of looking for bullying.（你可以建议老师保持寻找欺凌的习惯。）切题。故选F。
【21题详解】
根据上文提示“研究学校生活是重要的,以确定哪些因素是缺失的。”再根据空格下文“你可以决定他们如何适应他们周围的世界,在生活中取得成功。”承接上下文，G项Parents play a significant role in children’s growth and well-being.（父母在孩子的成长和幸福中发挥着重要的作用。）切题。故选G。
第三部分 英语知识应用
第一节 完形填空(共 20小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分30分)
Within a minute’s walk of my house there was a wild stretch of unspoiled woodland, where there were blackberry plants, squirrels and their young. I ____22____ walked in this park with Rex --- a friendly, harmless little dog; and ___23___ we rarely met anyone in the park, I took Rex along without a leash(狗绳).
One day we met a mounted policeman in the park, a policeman eager to show his ___24___.
“What do you mean by letting that dog run ___25___ in the park without a leash and a muzzle(口套)?” he shouted at me angrily. “Don’t you know it’s against the law?”
“Yes, I know it is,” I replied softly, “but I didn’t think he would do any ___26___ out here.
“You didn’t think! You didn’t think! The law doesn’t know about what you think. That dog ___27___ kill a squirrel or bite a child. Now, I’m going to ___28___ this time; but if I catch this dog out here again without a leash, you’ll have to tell it to the ____29____.”
I humbly ____30____ to obey.
And I did obey --- for a few times. But Rex didn’t like the muzzle, and neither did I; so we decided to take a _____31_____. Everything was lovely for a while, and then we got into ____32____. Rex and I raced over the hill one afternoon and there, suddenly --- to my _____33_____ --- I saw the majesty of the law, riding on a horse. Rex was out in a front, heading straight for the officer.
I was in for it. I knew it. So I didn’t ____34____ until the policeman started talking, I beat him to it. I said: “ Officer, you’ve caught me ____35____. I’m guilty. I have no alibis, no excuses. You ____36____ me last week that if I brought the dog out here again without a muzzle you would fine me.”
“Well, now,” the policeman responded in a soft tone, “I know it’s a ____37____ to let a little dog like that have a run out here when nobody is around.”
“Sure it is,” I replied, “______38______ it is against the law.”
“Well, a little dog like that isn’t going to harm anybody,” the policeman protested.
“No, but he may kill _____39_____,” I said.
“Well now, I think you are taking this a bit too seriously,” he told me.
“I’ll tell you what you do. You just let him run over the hill there where I can’t see him --- and we’ll forget all about it.”
That policeman, being human, wanted a feeling of ____40____; so when I began to condemn myself, the only way he could nourish his self-esteem was to take the kind and generous attitude showing _____41_____.
22. A. seldom B. sometimes C. frequently D. never
23. A. when B. since C. if D. while
24. A. authority B. force C. magic D. dignity
25. A. loose B. freely C. wildly D. quickly
26. A. wrong B. damage C. good D. harm
27. A. can B. might C. will D. must
28. A. give you up B. let you off C. give in to you D. put up with you
29. A. owner B. policeman C. judge D. children
30. A. listened B. promised C. agreed D. kept
31. A. change B. chance C. charge D. cheat
32. A. trap B. difficulty C. trouble D. shape
33. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. regret
34. A. wait B. move C. say D. walk
35. A. on the scene B. blue-blooded C. in spot D. red-handed
36 A. warned B. told C. informed D. taught
37. A. appeal B. temptation C. urge D. crime
38. A. and B. so C. but D. because
39. A. blackberry B. birds C. children D. squirrels
40. A. importance B. achievement C. happiness D. respect
41. A. sympathy B. regret C. mercy D. optimism
【答案】22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在公园不拴狗绳被一位警察批评教育，当第二次这样的情况发生时，作者主动认错得到了警察的理解和宽恕。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我时常和Rex在这个公园里散步，Rex是一只友好的，无害的小狗。A. seldom很少；B. sometimes有时；C. frequently时常地，频繁地；D. never从不。根据上文的描述“Within a minute’s walk of my house there was a wild stretch of unspoiled woodland, where there were blackberry plants, squirrels and their young.”可知，这块未遭破坏的林地离作者家不远，有黑莓植物和一些松鼠，由此可推测，此处指作者“时常”去这里散步。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：并且因为我们很少在公园遇到任何人，我就不拴狗绳带Rex一起出去。A. when当……时；B. since因为；C. if如果；D. while当……时。分析句子可知，“we rarely met anyone in the park”是作者不拴狗绳的原因，since可引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天我们在公园遇到一个骑警，一个急于展示他的权威的警察。A. authority权威；B. force暴力；C. magic魔法；D. dignity尊严。根据下文“he shouted at me angrily”可知，这个警察向作者大吼，所以此处指他急于展示作为警察的“权威”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词、副词词义辨析。句意：“让那只狗不拴狗绳也不戴套地自由活动，你是什么意思？”他生气地向我大喊。A. loose松散的；B. freely自由地；C. wildly疯狂地；D. quickly快速地。此处run作系动词，后接形容词loose作表语。run loose意为“可以自由活动，没有被拴住的”，故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“是的，我知道是这样。”我轻声回答：“但是我认为他不会对这儿有什么伤害。”A. wrong错误；B. damage毁坏；C. good好处；D. harm害处。根据上文文警察的质问可知，此处作者解释说小狗不会做出“有害的”事情。do harm是固定搭配，意为“伤害，对……有害”。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：那只狗可能会咬死松鼠或者咬到孩子。A. can可以；B. might可能；C. will将要；D. must必须。根据文章内容可知，公园里人不多，且前文提到“a friendly, harmless little dog”，由此可知，“咬死松鼠或者咬到孩子”的可能性很小，might符合此处语境，意为“可能”。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，我这次就先放过你。A. give you up放弃你；B. let you off放过你，对你从轻处理；C. give in to you向你屈服；D. put up with you忍受你。根据下一句“but if I catch this dog out here again without a leash(但是如果我再逮到这只狗不拴狗绳在这儿)”可知，此处警察是说这次“放过你”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是如果我再逮到这只狗不拴狗绳在这儿，你就不得不向法官说明这一切。A. owner主人； B. policeman警察；C. judge法官；D. children孩子们。根据下文“if I brought the dog out here again without a muzzle you would fine me”可推知，警察说如果再有这种情况就罚款，所以此处指向“法官”说明情况。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我虚心地保证会遵守规则。A. listened听；B. promised承诺，保证；C. agreed同意；D. kept保持。根据上文警察的话及下文“And I did obey”可知，此处指作者“承诺”会遵守规则。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是Rex不喜欢口套，我也不喜欢，所以我们决定碰碰运气。A. change变化；B. chance机会；C. charge要价，控告；D. cheat欺骗。根据上文“and I did obey --- for a few times. But Rex didn’t like the muzzle, and neither did I”及下文遇到警察主动认错可知，作者的确有几次遵守了规则，但是Rex不喜欢口套，此处指作者决定“碰碰运气”，即不戴口套。take a chance意为“碰碰运气”。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一切的美好是暂时的，然后我们就陷入了麻烦。A. trap陷阱；B. difficulty困难；C. trouble麻烦；D. shape形状。根据“Everything was lovely for a while”及下文遇到了警察可知，此处指接着就陷入“麻烦”。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是——我看到了法律的威严，骑着一匹马。A. disappointment失望；B. surprise惊讶；C. joy喜悦，快乐；D. regret遗憾。上文提到作者和Rex都不喜欢口套，所以这里看到警察应是感到“惊讶”。to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我没等这个警察开始说话，我抢先了一步。A. wait等待；B. move移动；C. say说；D. walk步行。根据“I beat him to it.”可知，此处指作者没“等”警察开始说话。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查合成词、固定短语辨析。句意：我说：“警官，你抓住了我现行。”A. on the scene在场，到场；B. blue-blooded出身贵族的；C. in spot在现场；D.red-handed正在作案的，现行的。根据上文“Rex was out in a front, heading straight for the officer.”可知，Rex跑在前面，径直跑向这个警官，所以此处指警官抓住“现行”。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. warned警告，提醒；B. told告诉；C. informed通知；D. taught教。根据“if I brought the dog out here again without a muzzle you would fine me.”可知，此处指上次警察就“警告”作者，如果再被抓到就罚款。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道在没人的时候让小狗像那样在外面跑是一个诱惑。A. appeal呼吁，吸引；B. temptation诱惑；C. urge劝告；D. crime罪行。根据“let a little dog like that have a run out here when nobody is around”可知，在没人的时候，作者禁不住不拴狗绳，让小狗自由地跑，所以处指“诱惑”。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：“确实是这样。”我回答道：“但是这是违反法律的。”A. and和；B. so所以；C. but但是；D. because因为。根据“Sure it is”和空后“it is against the law”可知，上下文是转折关系，表示虽然是这样，“但”这是违反法律的。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“不，但是他可能会咬死松鼠。”我说。A. blackberry黑莓；B. birds鸟；C. children孩子们；D. squirrels松鼠。根据上文“kill a squirrel or bite a child”可知，此处指咬死“松鼠”。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那位警察，作为人类，想要一种被重视的感觉。A. importance重要性；B. achievement成就；C. happiness幸福；D. respect尊重。根据上文第二次遇到警察时作者的言行可知，作者首先向他认错，使警察认为自己第一次说的话被重视，所以此处是指被“重视”的感觉。故选A项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当我开始责怪自己的时候，他唯一可以助长自尊心的方式就是采用一种温和且大方的态度来展示怜悯。A. sympathy同情；B. regret遗憾，后悔；C. mercy宽恕，慈悲；D. optimism乐观。根据第二次警察说的话“Well, a little dog like that isn’t going to harm anybody”及“Well now, I think you are taking this a bit too seriously”可知，他向作者不拴狗绳的行为展示出了宽容、怜悯的态度。故选C项。
第II卷(非选择题，共50分)
第三部分 英语知识应用
第二节(共 10小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容, ( 不多于3个单词 ) 或括号内单词的正确形式
As a young man of both passion and endurance, Perce Blackhorow had long been dreaming of decent adventure. So he didn’t give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce ___42___ (secret) hid himself in a cupboard, only ___43___ (find) three days after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he ___44___ (assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It turned ___45___ to be a tough journey. The ship got ___46___ (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. ___47___ the guidance of Sir Ernest, they ___48___ (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, ___49___ kept their spirits up during the journey. Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine ___50___ (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up. Frank and Ernest’s resolve and perseverance filled him with hope. Realizing that he shouldn’t become selfish just because of ___51___ adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined.
【答案】42. secretly
43. to be found
44. was assigned
45. out 46. stuck
47. Under 48. threw
49. which 50. encouragement
51. the
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Perce Blackhorow经历的一次冒险之旅。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：Perce秘密地藏在一个柜子里，结果在他们出发三天后被发现。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词hid，应用副词secretly“秘密地”。故填secretly。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Perce秘密地藏在一个柜子里，结果在他们出发三天后被发现。“only +动词不定式”常表示意料之外的结果，此处应用动词不定式，作结果状语，动词find与逻辑主语Perce之间为动宾关系，应用不定式的被动式“to be done”。故填to be found。
【44题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：当他没有被送回家乡，而是被指派成为一名管家时，他感到幸运和幸福。根据上下文时态及本句中felt可知，句子讲述过去发生的事情，且主语he和动词assign之间是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是he，be动词用was。故填was assigned。
【45题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：结果是一段艰难的旅程。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语turn out to be“结果是……”。故填out。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他们接近南极洲时，船陷在了冰里，他们不得不弃船。stick和逻辑主语The ship 之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动，get stuck“被卡住，被困住”。故填stuck。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。根据句意可知，此处指“在……的指导下”，应用固定短语under the guidance of，句首单词首字母大写。故填Under。
【48题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。根据句意和句中“kept”可知，句中讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填threw。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为banjo，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：正是来自Bless Frank Wild的真诚鼓励和关心使他振作起来。分析句子可知，句子为强调句，强调主语，空处应填名词和concern并列，在句中作主语，ecouragement“鼓励”，为不可数名词。故填encouragement。
【51题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：意识到他不应该因为他们所面临的逆境而变得自私，他学会了乐观和坚定。分析句子可知，they were faced with为定语从句，修饰名词adversity，此处特指“他们所面临的逆境”，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共 10小题;每小题 1分，满分10分)
52. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last weekend we go mountain-climbing. Even the heavy rain in the morning could not prevent us go. Setting off very early, we went along an extreme narrow road, all in high spirits. On each side of the road was green fields and some farm house. We could hear the sound of the rain and our footsteps mixing with our laughter. At noon we reached the top of the mountain. That surprised us most there was the beauty of the scenery. After have a short rest there and sharing with the food we had brought, we started going down. It rained even harder. We were wet to the skin, and we still sang and laughed happily.
【答案】1.go→went 2.go→going 3.extreme→extremely 4.was→were 5.house→houses
6mixing→mixed 7.That→What 8. have→having 9.sharing后去掉with 10.and→but
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者周末爬山的经历。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：上周末我们去爬山。根据“Last weekend”可知，本文为一般过去时。故将go改went。
2.考查固定短语。句意：即使早上下大雨也不能阻止我们去。prevent sb (from) doing表示“阻止某人做某事”。故将go改为going。
3.考查副词。句意：很早就出发了，我们沿着一条极其狭窄的道路走，都精神抖擞。narrow为形容词，应用副词去修饰做状语。故将extreme改为extremely。
4.考查主谓一致。句意：道路两旁是绿色的田野和一些农舍。主语fields为复数，根据语境为一般过去时。故将was改为were。
5.考查名词的数。句意：道路两旁是绿色的田野和一些农舍。house为可数名词，前面有some修饰。故将house改为houses。
6.考考过去分词。句意：我们可以听到雨声和脚步声与我们的笑声混合在一起。雨声、脚步声和笑声是被混合在一起的，用过去分词表示被动。故将mixing改为mixed。
7.考查主语从句。句意：最让我们惊讶的是美丽的风景。在主语从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”含义，应用what引导。故将That改为What。
8.考查动名词。句意：在那里休息了一会儿，分享了我们带来的食物后，我们开始下山。句中After为介词，其后应用动名词作宾语。故将have改为having。
9.考查固定搭配。句意：在那里休息了一会儿，分享了我们带来的食物后，我们开始下山。share sth表示“分享某东西”，share为及物动词，不用with。故将sharing后的with去掉。
10.考查连词。句意：我们浑身湿透，但是开心地唱歌笑风生。“We were wet to the skin”与“we still sang and laughed happily.”前后为转折关系。故将and改为but。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
53. 假设你是李华，你的美国网友Ted最近刚转学，发现难以适应新环境，同时对新学校的交友问题感到烦恼。请用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容主要包括：
1. 分享你适应新环境的经历；
2.就交朋友的方法给他一些建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Ted
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If you follow all these tips, you will definitely make new friends soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ted,
I’m sorry to hear that you are having difficulties adapting to the new environment and making friends. Let me share a personal experience with you. When I was eleven, my family moved and I was sent to another school. At that time, I also had a hard time. However, I did my best to make friends with my new classmates, and I gradually became popular with most of them.
Making friends is not difficult. First, make an impressive self-introduction in front of the class, so your classmates can get to know you better. Then, find a classmate with the same interest and get close to him. Last, try to join in the conversations when your classmates are chatting.
If you follow all these tips, you will definitely make new friends soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国网友Ted写一封电子邮件，分享自己适应新环境的经历，并且就交朋友的方法给他一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
适应：adapt to→acclimate
然而：however→whereas
逐渐地：gradually→progressively
方法：tips→hints
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Making friends is not difficult.
拓展句：Although making friends may seem difficult at first, it is actually not as hard as it may appear.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to hear that you are having difficulties adapting to the new environment and making friends.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】When I was eleven, my family moved and I was sent to another school. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
听力答案：1-5 ACBCA 6-10 CCABA 11-15 ABCAB 16-20 CBBCB
2022-2023学年第二学期期中检测
高二英语
(考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分)
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。
4．考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第I卷(选择题)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What colour was the woman’s shirt?
A. Pink. B. White. C. Light yellow.
2. What does the man want?
A. A one-dollar bill. B. Some coins. C. A parking place.
3. What is the man?
A. A businessman. B. A teacher. C. A student.
4. What does the man mean?
A. He has seen the movie.
B. He is interested in the movie.
C. He doesn’t want to see the movie.
5 What are the speakers talking about?
A. When to go on a hike.
B. Whether to go to the movie.
C. What to do in the afternoon.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What does the man think of the book?
A. Surprising, B. Creative C. Encouraging.
7. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To call on people to live a healthy life.
B. To give people chance to write a book.
C. To encourage teamwork among students.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a train station. B. At an airport. C. At a bus station.
9. How much should the woman pay for her ticket?
A. £ 45 B. £ 35 C. £ 27
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What did he woman’ lost handbag look like?
A. It was made of cloth. B. It was brown. C. It was new
11. What was inside the handbag?
A. Some money. B The address book C. The purse
12. What dos the man suggest the woman de?
A. Go to the hotel again.
B. Look for the handbag herself.
C Ask the hotel about her handbag.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the woman want to buy something for her husband?
A. It’s Christmas. B. It’s his birthday. C. It’s an apology
14. What present did the woman give to her husband last Christmas?
A. A coat. B. A sweater. C. A tie
15. What does the man say about the wallets?
A. They have just arrived from Italy
B. They are popular with famous people.
C. They are especially designed for men.
16. What does the woman finally decide to give to her husband?
A. A wallet. B. A shirt. C. Trousers
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What is the speech mainly about?
A. How one open-air theatre was built
B. What it’s like to work in an open-air theatre.
C. How the open-air theaters developed in Britain.
18. What will the actors do when an animal suddenly appears on the stage?
A. snore it. B. Cancel the play. C. Include it in their play
19. What will the audience usually react to bad weather?
A. They’ll accept it and continue to sit.
B. They’ll want to return their tickets.
C. They’ll think it is fun.
20. What does John barrack say about outdoor theaters?
A. They are just like clubs.
B. They have advantaged over normal theaters.
C. They create distance between actors and audience.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2分，满分 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
What would you think if someone suggested knocking down St Paul’s Cathedral to widen the road? Or pulling down Big Ben to make way for a car park? It would be ridiculous, right? But when it comes to devastation of the natural world, we aren’t so easily shocked. But we should be…or we’ll be in a lot of trouble.
Nature is shrinking by the day. Ancient forests are destroyed. Wetlands are becoming dry. Woodland is disappearing, and all in the name of progress. This is bad in itself, but it’s devastating for biodiversity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants, animals and other living things that are all interconnected. The ecological services provided by biodiversity are vital to everyday life. The air we breathe is a product of photosynthesis by green plants. Insects, worms and bacteria break down waste and make soils rich. And tiny organisms clean the water in rivers and sea. In fact, all life on the earth exists thanks to the benefits of biodiversity. More than 90 percent of the calories consumed by people worldwide are produced from 80 plant species. And 30 percent of medicines are developed from plants and animals. Maintaining a wide diversity of species in each ecosystem is necessary to preserve all living things.
The loss of biodiversity could be devastating. “It is wrong to think that biodiversity can be reduced indefinitely without threatening humans,” said Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson, known as the “father of biodiversity”. He warned, “We are about to reach a critical point beyond which biodiversity loss will become irreversible.”
But what can we do? The present problem is that the concept of biodiversity is so vague. People might care about giant pandas, but it is much harder to excite them about the fate of tiny sea creatures which are being boiled to death in the cooling systems of power stations along coastlines. The Guardian newspaper is trying to help. It has launched the Biodiversity 100 campaign to try to convince governments around the world to take action to deal with the widespread concerns about biodiversity. This includes persuading the UK government to create a series of marine reserves to reserve the decrease in the sea-life caused by industrial fishing, stopping fishing sharks by the Japanese fishermen and banning the killing of dingoes in Australia, among many other things.
There is a lot to do. And we’d better act quickly if we don’t want to end up with a planet that can’t sustain life!
1. The underlined sentence “Nature is shrinking by the day.” means that ________.
A. nature is badly polluted by humans
B. species are becoming fewer and fewer day by day
C. rainforests are being cut down every day
D. nature is full of mysteries
2. Edward O. Wilson thinks that ________.
A. it doesn’t matter to reduce biodiversity
B. people have done enough to preserve biodiversity
C. the situation of biodiversity is very serious
D. biodiversity loss has become irreversible
3. When it comes to biodiversity, the present problem is that ________.
A. people might not clearly know what is biodiversity and what should be protected
B. people are not aware that giant pandas are endangered
C. people don’t realize that biodiversity is vital to everyday life
D. people hunt sea creatures for food
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过文章向我们描述了生物多样性目前面临的形势非常严峻，不容乐观，呼吁读者保护生物多样性。
【1题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句下文“Ancient forests are destroyed. Wetlands are becoming dry. Woodland is disappearing, and all in the name of progress. This is bad in itself, but it’s devastating for biodiversity. (大自然正在日益萎缩。古老的森林被摧毁。湿地正在变得干燥。林地正在消失，而这一切都是以进步的名义。这本身就很糟糕，但对生物多样性来说是毁灭性的)”可知，划线句子的意思是生物多样性在遭受破坏，自然界的物种每天都在减少。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“He warned, “We are about to reach a critical point beyond which biodiversity loss will become irreversible.” (他警告，“我们即将达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，生物多样性丧失将变得不可逆转。”)”可知，Edward O. Wilson认为生物多样性形势十分严峻。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But what can we do? The present problem is that the concept of biodiversity is so vague. (但是我们能做什么呢？目前的问题是生物多样性的概念太模糊了)”可知，当涉及到生物多样性，目前的问题是人们可能不清楚地知道什么是生物多样性和什么应该被保护。故选A项。
B
Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even though you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班的路程) can leave you feeling somewhat disconnected.
An American living in London, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube here and it’s completely silent and it feels a bit strange,” says Jonathan Dunne, 42, who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (证章；徽章) with the words “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another.
“I handed out 500 badges during rush hours in a city of 8 million, expecting most of them to be thrown away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,” he says.
Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have been covered by media across the world since then, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brail and the UK, as well as a lot of website, newspaper and magazine appearances. Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his opinion. Londoner Brian Wilson started a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them. “I can’t stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only place and quietness some people get on their journeys to and from work. Personally, I don’t want to be troubled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says.
While London does not appear to be social, not everywhere lacks a sense of community. In Melbourne, Australia, commuters have set up a private Facebook group used to warn one another when ticket inspectors (售票员) board the city’s trams (有轨电车). Most Western cities’ tram stops have no barriers, which makes it possible for some travelers to ride them without buying tickets. Though the group comes with a disclaimer (免费申明), its purpose is actually to warn fare paying members that tickets inspectors are on so that they can ready their smiles and most importantly, their tickets.
Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit will be mirrored in the UK following his campaign? “People believed that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, the curator (馆长) of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.” So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.
4. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To blame the loneliness on London Tube.
B. To show the selfishness of Londoners.
C. To express the upset of the Tube riders.
D. To introduce the background of the campaign.
5. Which of the following is TRUE about Dunne’s campaign?
A. It encourages people to avoid chatting on the Tube.
B It doesn’t win everyone’s support in London.
C. It’s known only to a small number of Londoners.
D. It gives out badges with “Don’t even think about it.”
6. What can be inferred from the underlined sentences?
A. They prefer drinking tea to chatting on the Tube.
B. Dunne didn’t expected to meet the curator on the Tube.
C. Dunne never walks up and talks to strangers on the Tube.
D. It is possible to make friends with a stranger on the Tube.
7. What is the author’s attitude towards Dunne’s campaign?
A. Doubtful B. Worried
C. Supportive D. Amazed
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。住在伦敦的美国人乔纳森•邓恩发现在伦敦坐地铁的人保持沉默，互相不说话、不交流，他就想改变这种情况，他向通勤者发放“地铁聊天”的徽章，鼓励他们相互交谈。他的做法收到的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要讲的是：住在伦敦的美国人乔纳森•邓恩发现在伦敦坐地铁的人保持沉默，互相不说话不交流，他就想改变这种情况，他向通勤者发放“地铁聊天”的徽章，鼓励他们相互交谈。他的做法收到的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。而第一段“Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even though you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute(上下班的路程) can leave you feeling somewhat disconnected.(尽管每年有13.4亿人乘坐伦敦地铁，但在伦敦乘坐地铁实际上是相当孤独的。英国有一条不成文的规矩，鼓励大家保持沉默，再加上经典的英式矜持，这意味着即使你和数百人挤在一个封闭的空间里，早晨的通勤也会让你感到有些疏离)”是介绍在伦敦坐地铁时人们保持沉默、不互相交流这种现象。由此推知，第一段是为了介绍乔纳森•邓恩发起运动鼓励人们在地铁上交流的背景。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his opinion. Londoner Brian Wilson started a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words ‘Don’t even think about it’ on them. ‘I can’t stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,’ he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. ‘Being on the Tube is the only place and quietness some people get on their journeys to and from work. Personally, I don’t want to be troubled by people coming up and chatting to you,’ he says.(虽然邓恩说他收到的大多是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。伦敦人布莱恩·威尔逊也发起了一项运动，他发放了500枚徽章，上面写着‘想都别想’。 他在接受BBC采访时表示：‘我无法忍受在上班的地铁上和陌生人说话。’来自伦敦的24岁学生迈克尔·罗宾逊对此表示赞同。‘地铁是一些人上下班旅途中唯一安静的地方。就我个人而言，我不想被走过来和你聊天的人打扰，’他说)”可知，在伦敦并不是每个人都支持邓恩发起的运动。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据划线句子“‘People believed that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,’ he says. ‘On Monday, the curator(馆长) of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.’（他说：‘人们认为我只是走过去和陌生人说话，我不是，但这是一个很好的方式，可以认识你平时永远不会说过话的人。’‘星期一，伦敦交通博物馆的馆长请我去喝茶。’）”推知，邓恩一定是在地铁上结识的伦敦交通博物馆的馆长，所以在地铁上和陌生人交朋友是可能的。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.（所以，如果你在西方乘坐公共交通工具，为什么不向旁边的人打个招呼呢? 不过一定要先检查一下对方有没有徽章）”推知，作者对于邓恩发起的运动是支持的。故选C项。
C
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, but it also causes pollution, wastes energy, and surprisingly wastes water. Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane(膜)or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely tasteless so you needn’t worry about any taste.
It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials that are needed to produce Ooho. The price for an only bubble(泡状物)or a unit of bubbles hasn’t been decided yet, but it costs about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. The team has also been selling Ooho water bottles in London for the past six months.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.
8. How is most plastic in America dealt with?
A. It is thrown away as litter. B. It is reused as new energy.
C. It is buried under the ground. D. It is applied to new technology.
9. What can we know about the Ooho?
A. It plans to be sold at a very low price.
B. It has some advantages over plastic bottles.
C. It has taken the place of plastic bottles in London.
D. Proper materials of making Ooho are hard to find.
10. What’s the author’s attitude towards Ooho’s future?
A. Doubtful. B. Uninterested. C. Positive. D. Worried.
11. Who might be target readers?
A. Scientists. B. Experts. C. Environmentalists. D. The public.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名叫Ooho的水瓶，这种水瓶既方便又清澈，既可以喝也可以吃。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year.(在美国，只有23%的塑料最终进入了回收箱，这意味着每年有超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理。)”可知，在美国，大多数的塑料都被当作垃圾处理。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane(膜)or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely tasteless so you needn’t worry about any taste.(这是一种既方便又清澈的水瓶，既可以喝也可以吃。要喝的话，可以去掉膜，也可以用牙齿在膜上撕开一个洞，把水倒进嘴里。要吃它，你只需把整瓶放进嘴里。它是完全无味的，所以你不必担心任何味道。)”以及文章第三段“It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.(它的目标是在大型户外活动中使用成吨的塑料瓶，经常被丢弃作为垃圾。过多的塑料肯定会对环境造成危害，这可能是这项新发明的目的。)”可知，Ooho比塑料瓶的优点多，不仅方便，而且不会对环境造成危害。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane(膜)or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely tasteless so you needn’t worry about any taste.(这是一种既方便又清澈的水瓶，既可以喝也可以吃。要喝的话，可以去掉膜，也可以用牙齿在膜上撕开一个洞，把水倒进嘴里。要吃它，你只需把整瓶放进嘴里。它是完全无味的，所以你不必担心任何味道。)”可知，作者认为这种水瓶非常好，而根据文章最后一段“It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.(它正在迅速崛起，所以请关注这些未来的瓶子。)”可知，作者对这个瓶子的未来抱有积极的态度。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.(Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，仅在三天内就筹集了超过100万美元。它主要是在目前的活动中出售，以吸引买家，而生产机器正在启动和运行。它正在迅速崛起，所以请关注这些未来的瓶子。)”可知，这种瓶子正在崛起中，目前需要公众的关注。所以这篇文章是写给大众看的，既介绍了瓶子又吸引了公众的关注，渴望有大量人群购买。故选D。
D
As prices drop and their functionality expands, you can expect to see humanoid(类人的)robots in more places, including schools, airports, and hospitals. Will they influence human behavior?
In a study published recently, scientists found that mean robots can help people concentrate. The experiment, published in Science Robotics, was based on something called the Stroop Task, which is widely used in psychology and described as the "gold standard" of attentional tests. It challenges participants to name the colors of words and ignore their meanings while calculating reaction time.
The researchers put a modern twist on the task, though-this time, there was a robot in the room. The goal was to see if the presence of a robot would affect cognition, and the researchers found it did, but only when the robot was mean.
How do you make a robot mean? In this case, a meter-tall toy robot called a Meccanoid G15KS was made to respond to seven questions. The good robots told jokes, spoke about friendship, and described test subjects as nice. The bad robots replied to questions with passive aggressive comebacks, such as "I enjoy doing analysis programs but you would not understand" and statements like "I do not value friendship."Then the participants rated the robots."The more participants thought the robot made them uncomfortable, the greater the improvement of their Stroop performance was," the researchers wrote."Not surprisingly, the bad robot was rated as less warm, friendly and pleasant than the good robot."
The study authors argue that robots are crossing the line in some situations from machines to social agents. That will change how humans interact with and behave around them.
“Similar to a human's presence, the presence of a robot might not be neutral(无倾向性的) in situations like school or in the office when you are working." Nicolas Spatola, one of the study authors said in an email, "So before your boss decides to introduce a robot in your office, it could be a good idea to evaluate how you feel about it and how it can positively or negatively impact your work, how comfortable you may feel with it or if you feel it to be a threat."
Just 58 students from University Clermont Auvergne in France participated in the experiment but the researchers found an increase in the speed of correct answers among those in the presence of a mean robot when compared to those who were with a nice robot or alone.
In the future, robots will almost certainly become more and more common in nursing homes, hotel check-in desks, behind the wheel, and elsewhere. “If we want to improve the use of robots in our daily life, there seems to be a need to first understand how Human Robot Interaction can impact human psychology,” Spatola said.
12. What was the finding of the new study?
A. The use of robots is rising. B. Humanoid robots can be mean.
C. Unkind robots can sharpen our focus. D. Robots are becoming more functional.,.
13. According to the passage, how did the participants judge the robots?
A. By their words. B. By their actions.
C. By their appearance. D. By the Stroop Task.
14. Which of the following might Nicolas Spatola agree with?
A. Be careful about using robots. B. Leave the robot if it presents a threat.
C. Robots will have a good impact on offices. D. Robots may replace humans in the workplace.
15. What was the drawback of the study?
A. The participants were too young. B. The study method wasn't scientific.
C. There was a slight difference in speed. D. The number of the participants was too small.
16. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientists have already developed humanoid robots.
B. Humanoid robots have already found its way into our daily life.
C. Humanoid robots will certainly come into our daily life sooner or later.
D. There is no difficulty we'll meet with before humanoid robots are widely used.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着价格的下降和功能的扩展，你可以期待在更多的地方看到类人机器人，包括学校、机场和医院。它们会影响人类行为吗？在最近发表的一项研究中，科学家发现，刻薄的机器人可以帮助人们集中精力。文章介绍了研究过程，以及相关人员对此的看法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中In a study published recently, scientists found that mean robots can help people concentrate.可知在最近发表的一项研究中，科学家发现，刻薄的机器人可以帮助人们集中精力。由此可知，这项新研究的结果是不友善的机器人能使我们集中注意力。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中In this case, a meter-tall toy robot called a Meccanoid G15KS was made to respond to seven questions. The good robots told jokes, spoke about friendship, and described test subjects as nice. The bad robots replied to questions with passive aggressive comebacks, such as "I enjoy doing analysis programs but you would not understand" and statements like "I do not value friendship. "Then the participants rated the robots." The more participants thought the robot made them uncomfortable, the greater the improvement of their Stroop performance was," the researchers wrote."Not surprisingly, the bad robot was rated as less warm, friendly and pleasant than the good robot."可知在这个案例中，一个一米高的名为Meccanoid G15KS的玩具机器人被制造出来回答七个问题。优秀的机器人会讲笑话，谈论友谊，并将测试对象描述为友好的。“坏机器人”会用消极主动的回答来回答问题，比如“我喜欢做分析程序，但你不会理解”，或者“我不重视友谊”。然后让参与者给机器人打分。研究人员写道：“参与者越觉得机器人让他们感到不舒服，他们Stroop表现的改善就越大。”不出意料，坏机器人被评为不如好机器人热情、友好和令人愉快。”由此可知，参与者是通过机器人的语言来判断机器人的。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Similar to a human's presence, the presence of a robot might not be neutral(无倾向性的) in situations like school or in the office when you are working." Nicolas Spatola, one of the study authors said in an email, "So before your boss decides to introduce a robot in your office,1t could be a good idea to evaluate how you feel about it and how it can positively or negatively impact your work, how comfortable you may feel with it or if you feel it to be a threat."可知“类似于人类的存在，机器人的存在在学校或办公室等情况下，当你在工作时，可能并不中立。”研究作者之一Nicolas Spatola在一封电子邮件中说：“所以，在你的老板决定在你的办公室里引入一个机器人之前，评估你对它的感觉，以及它如何对你的工作产生积极或消极的影响可能是一个好主意，你可能会觉得它有多舒服，或者你是否觉得它是一种威胁。”由此可推知，Nicolas Spatola可能会同意A选项“使用机器人时要小心”的观点。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Just 58 students from University Clermont Auvergne in France participated in the experiment but the researchers found an increase in the speed of correct answers among those in the presence of a mean robot when compared to those who were with a nice robot or alone.可知法国克莱蒙特奥弗涅大学只有58名学生参与了这项实验，但研究人员发现，与那些与优秀机器人在一起或单独在一起的人相比，那些在刻薄机器人面前的人答对问题的速度更快。由此可推知，这项研究的缺点是参加者的人数太少。故选D。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中In the future, robots will almost certainly become more and more common in nursing homes, hotel check-in desks, behind the wheel, and elsewhere.可知在未来，机器人几乎肯定会越来越普遍地出现在养老院、酒店登记台、方向盘后面和其他地方。由此可推知，类人机器人肯定迟早会进入我们的日常生活。故选C。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2分，满分 10 分)
短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When it comes to helping students learn and mature, there are several ways to increase their well-being. Although your children may be succeeding in the classroom, there are a few things that you still can do.
Encouraging physical activity is the first thing you can do. More and more children do not participate in sports after school. It’s important for you to encourage mobility with sports that are played after class. You should find sporting equipment, basketball courts and play areas where kids can increase their well-being. ____17____
Secondly, you can provide proper nutrition for your children. It’s important for your children to receive proper nutrition both inside and outside of the home. ____18____ You’d better make it a point to provide enough nutrition for their proper development and growth.
____19____ Many parents fail to stop children from using smart phones and computers. There are some institutions that even encourage too much screen time as a way to teach children or keep them entertained. You should help the children remain excited without sitting in front of a screen throughout the day.
Last but not the least monitoring bullying （欺凌）is also an essential part. Bullying continues to remain a common problem in some schools, making it important that the environment that your children grow in holds a high standard. ____20____
It’s important to examine the school life as a whole to determine what factors are missing. ____21____. You may determine how well they adjust to the world around them and succeed in life.
A. You should provide kids with fresh food.
B. Besides, you’d better limit their screen time.
C. It will encourage children to focus on their study.
D. In addition, try your best to give them more freedom.
E. This will reduce the risk of health conditions that include obesity.
F. You can advise teachers to keep a practice of looking for bullying.
G. Parents play a significant role in children’s growth and well-being.
【答案】17. E 18. A 19. B 20. F 21. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有几种方法，在帮助学生学习和成熟方面可以提高他们的幸福感。
【17题详解】
根据上文提示“你应该找到运动器材、篮球场和玩耍的地方，在那里孩子们可以提高他们的幸福感。”承接上文，E项This will reduce the risk of health conditions that include obesity.（这将降低包括肥胖在内的健康状况的风险。）切题。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文提示“让你的孩子在家庭内外都得到适当的营养是很重要的。”再根据下文提示“你最好注意为它们的正常发育和生长提供足够的营养。”承接上下文，A项You should provide kids with fresh food.（你应该给孩子们提供新鲜的食物。）切题。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据下文提示“许多家长未能阻止孩子使用智能手机和电脑。”承接下文，B项Besides, you’d better limit their screen time.（此外，你最好限制他们使用电子设备的时间。）切题。该项中的Besides呼应了上文的Secondly。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文提示“在一些学校里，欺凌仍然是一个普遍的问题，这使得你的孩子成长的环境保持高标准变得很重要。”承接上文，F项You can advise teachers to keep a practice of looking for bullying.（你可以建议老师保持寻找欺凌的习惯。）切题。故选F。
【21题详解】
根据上文提示“研究学校生活是重要的,以确定哪些因素是缺失的。”再根据空格下文“你可以决定他们如何适应他们周围的世界,在生活中取得成功。”承接上下文，G项Parents play a significant role in children’s growth and well-being.（父母在孩子的成长和幸福中发挥着重要的作用。）切题。故选G。
第三部分 英语知识应用
第一节 完形填空(共 20小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分30分)
Within a minute’s walk of my house there was a wild stretch of unspoiled woodland, where there were blackberry plants, squirrels and their young. I ____22____ walked in this park with Rex --- a friendly, harmless little dog; and ___23___ we rarely met anyone in the park, I took Rex along without a leash(狗绳).
One day we met a mounted policeman in the park, a policeman eager to show his ___24___.
“What do you mean by letting that dog run ___25___ in the park without a leash and a muzzle(口套)?” he shouted at me angrily. “Don’t you know it’s against the law?”
“Yes, I know it is,” I replied softly, “but I didn’t think he would do any ___26___ out here.
“You didn’t think! You didn’t think! The law doesn’t know about what you think. That dog ___27___ kill a squirrel or bite a child. Now, I’m going to ___28___ this time; but if I catch this dog out here again without a leash, you’ll have to tell it to the ____29____.”
I humbly ____30____ to obey.
And I did obey --- for a few times. But Rex didn’t like the muzzle, and neither did I; so we decided to take a _____31_____. Everything was lovely for a while, and then we got into ____32____. Rex and I raced over the hill one afternoon and there, suddenly --- to my _____33_____ --- I saw the majesty of the law, riding on a horse. Rex was out in a front, heading straight for the officer.
I was in for it. I knew it. So I didn’t ____34____ until the policeman started talking, I beat him to it. I said: “ Officer, you’ve caught me ____35____. I’m guilty. I have no alibis, no excuses. You ____36____ me last week that if I brought the dog out here again without a muzzle you would fine me.”
“Well, now,” the policeman responded in a soft tone, “I know it’s a ____37____ to let a little dog like that have a run out here when nobody is around.”
“Sure it is,” I replied, “______38______ it is against the law.”
“Well, a little dog like that isn’t going to harm anybody,” the policeman protested.
“No, but he may kill _____39_____,” I said.
“Well now, I think you are taking this a bit too seriously,” he told me.
“I’ll tell you what you do. You just let him run over the hill there where I can’t see him --- and we’ll forget all about it.”
That policeman, being human, wanted a feeling of ____40____; so when I began to condemn myself, the only way he could nourish his self-esteem was to take the kind and generous attitude showing _____41_____.
22. A. seldom B. sometimes C. frequently D. never
23. A. when B. since C. if D. while
24. A. authority B. force C. magic D. dignity
25. A. loose B. freely C. wildly D. quickly
26. A. wrong B. damage C. good D. harm
27. A. can B. might C. will D. must
28. A. give you up B. let you off C. give in to you D. put up with you
29. A. owner B. policeman C. judge D. children
30. A. listened B. promised C. agreed D. kept
31. A. change B. chance C. charge D. cheat
32. A. trap B. difficulty C. trouble D. shape
33. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. regret
34. A. wait B. move C. say D. walk
35. A. on the scene B. blue-blooded C. in spot D. red-handed
36 A. warned B. told C. informed D. taught
37. A. appeal B. temptation C. urge D. crime
38. A. and B. so C. but D. because
39. A. blackberry B. birds C. children D. squirrels
40. A. importance B. achievement C. happiness D. respect
41. A. sympathy B. regret C. mercy D. optimism
【答案】22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在公园不拴狗绳被一位警察批评教育，当第二次这样的情况发生时，作者主动认错得到了警察的理解和宽恕。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我时常和Rex在这个公园里散步，Rex是一只友好的，无害的小狗。A. seldom很少；B. sometimes有时；C. frequently时常地，频繁地；D. never从不。根据上文的描述“Within a minute’s walk of my house there was a wild stretch of unspoiled woodland, where there were blackberry plants, squirrels and their young.”可知，这块未遭破坏的林地离作者家不远，有黑莓植物和一些松鼠，由此可推测，此处指作者“时常”去这里散步。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：并且因为我们很少在公园遇到任何人，我就不拴狗绳带Rex一起出去。A. when当……时；B. since因为；C. if如果；D. while当……时。分析句子可知，“we rarely met anyone in the park”是作者不拴狗绳的原因，since可引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天我们在公园遇到一个骑警，一个急于展示他的权威的警察。A. authority权威；B. force暴力；C. magic魔法；D. dignity尊严。根据下文“he shouted at me angrily”可知，这个警察向作者大吼，所以此处指他急于展示作为警察的“权威”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词、副词词义辨析。句意：“让那只狗不拴狗绳也不戴套地自由活动，你是什么意思？”他生气地向我大喊。A. loose松散的；B. freely自由地；C. wildly疯狂地；D. quickly快速地。此处run作系动词，后接形容词loose作表语。run loose意为“可以自由活动，没有被拴住的”，故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“是的，我知道是这样。”我轻声回答：“但是我认为他不会对这儿有什么伤害。”A. wrong错误；B. damage毁坏；C. good好处；D. harm害处。根据上文文警察的质问可知，此处作者解释说小狗不会做出“有害的”事情。do harm是固定搭配，意为“伤害，对……有害”。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：那只狗可能会咬死松鼠或者咬到孩子。A. can可以；B. might可能；C. will将要；D. must必须。根据文章内容可知，公园里人不多，且前文提到“a friendly, harmless little dog”，由此可知，“咬死松鼠或者咬到孩子”的可能性很小，might符合此处语境，意为“可能”。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，我这次就先放过你。A. give you up放弃你；B. let you off放过你，对你从轻处理；C. give in to you向你屈服；D. put up with you忍受你。根据下一句“but if I catch this dog out here again without a leash(但是如果我再逮到这只狗不拴狗绳在这儿)”可知，此处警察是说这次“放过你”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是如果我再逮到这只狗不拴狗绳在这儿，你就不得不向法官说明这一切。A. owner主人； B. policeman警察；C. judge法官；D. children孩子们。根据下文“if I brought the dog out here again without a muzzle you would fine me”可推知，警察说如果再有这种情况就罚款，所以此处指向“法官”说明情况。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我虚心地保证会遵守规则。A. listened听；B. promised承诺，保证；C. agreed同意；D. kept保持。根据上文警察的话及下文“And I did obey”可知，此处指作者“承诺”会遵守规则。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是Rex不喜欢口套，我也不喜欢，所以我们决定碰碰运气。A. change变化；B. chance机会；C. charge要价，控告；D. cheat欺骗。根据上文“and I did obey --- for a few times. But Rex didn’t like the muzzle, and neither did I”及下文遇到警察主动认错可知，作者的确有几次遵守了规则，但是Rex不喜欢口套，此处指作者决定“碰碰运气”，即不戴口套。take a chance意为“碰碰运气”。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一切的美好是暂时的，然后我们就陷入了麻烦。A. trap陷阱；B. difficulty困难；C. trouble麻烦；D. shape形状。根据“Everything was lovely for a while”及下文遇到了警察可知，此处指接着就陷入“麻烦”。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是——我看到了法律的威严，骑着一匹马。A. disappointment失望；B. surprise惊讶；C. joy喜悦，快乐；D. regret遗憾。上文提到作者和Rex都不喜欢口套，所以这里看到警察应是感到“惊讶”。to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我没等这个警察开始说话，我抢先了一步。A. wait等待；B. move移动；C. say说；D. walk步行。根据“I beat him to it.”可知，此处指作者没“等”警察开始说话。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查合成词、固定短语辨析。句意：我说：“警官，你抓住了我现行。”A. on the scene在场，到场；B. blue-blooded出身贵族的；C. in spot在现场；D.red-handed正在作案的，现行的。根据上文“Rex was out in a front, heading straight for the officer.”可知，Rex跑在前面，径直跑向这个警官，所以此处指警官抓住“现行”。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. warned警告，提醒；B. told告诉；C. informed通知；D. taught教。根据“if I brought the dog out here again without a muzzle you would fine me.”可知，此处指上次警察就“警告”作者，如果再被抓到就罚款。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道在没人的时候让小狗像那样在外面跑是一个诱惑。A. appeal呼吁，吸引；B. temptation诱惑；C. urge劝告；D. crime罪行。根据“let a little dog like that have a run out here when nobody is around”可知，在没人的时候，作者禁不住不拴狗绳，让小狗自由地跑，所以处指“诱惑”。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：“确实是这样。”我回答道：“但是这是违反法律的。”A. and和；B. so所以；C. but但是；D. because因为。根据“Sure it is”和空后“it is against the law”可知，上下文是转折关系，表示虽然是这样，“但”这是违反法律的。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“不，但是他可能会咬死松鼠。”我说。A. blackberry黑莓；B. birds鸟；C. children孩子们；D. squirrels松鼠。根据上文“kill a squirrel or bite a child”可知，此处指咬死“松鼠”。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那位警察，作为人类，想要一种被重视的感觉。A. importance重要性；B. achievement成就；C. happiness幸福；D. respect尊重。根据上文第二次遇到警察时作者的言行可知，作者首先向他认错，使警察认为自己第一次说的话被重视，所以此处是指被“重视”的感觉。故选A项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当我开始责怪自己的时候，他唯一可以助长自尊心的方式就是采用一种温和且大方的态度来展示怜悯。A. sympathy同情；B. regret遗憾，后悔；C. mercy宽恕，慈悲；D. optimism乐观。根据第二次警察说的话“Well, a little dog like that isn’t going to harm anybody”及“Well now, I think you are taking this a bit too seriously”可知，他向作者不拴狗绳的行为展示出了宽容、怜悯的态度。故选C项。
第II卷(非选择题，共50分)
第三部分 英语知识应用
第二节(共 10小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容, ( 不多于3个单词 ) 或括号内单词的正确形式
As a young man of both passion and endurance, Perce Blackhorow had long been dreaming of decent adventure. So he didn’t give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce ___42___ (secret) hid himself in a cupboard, only ___43___ (find) three days after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he ___44___ (assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It turned ___45___ to be a tough journey. The ship got ___46___ (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. ___47___ the guidance of Sir Ernest, they ___48___ (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, ___49___ kept their spirits up during the journey. Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine ___50___ (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up. Frank and Ernest’s resolve and perseverance filled him with hope. Realizing that he shouldn’t become selfish just because of ___51___ adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined.
【答案】42. secretly
43. to be found
44. was assigned
45. out 46. stuck
47. Under 48. threw
49. which 50. encouragement
51. the
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Perce Blackhorow经历的一次冒险之旅。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：Perce秘密地藏在一个柜子里，结果在他们出发三天后被发现。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词hid，应用副词secretly“秘密地”。故填secretly。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Perce秘密地藏在一个柜子里，结果在他们出发三天后被发现。“only +动词不定式”常表示意料之外的结果，此处应用动词不定式，作结果状语，动词find与逻辑主语Perce之间为动宾关系，应用不定式的被动式“to be done”。故填to be found。
【44题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：当他没有被送回家乡，而是被指派成为一名管家时，他感到幸运和幸福。根据上下文时态及本句中felt可知，句子讲述过去发生的事情，且主语he和动词assign之间是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是he，be动词用was。故填was assigned。
【45题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：结果是一段艰难的旅程。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语turn out to be“结果是……”。故填out。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他们接近南极洲时，船陷在了冰里，他们不得不弃船。stick和逻辑主语The ship 之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动，get stuck“被卡住，被困住”。故填stuck。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。根据句意可知，此处指“在……的指导下”，应用固定短语under the guidance of，句首单词首字母大写。故填Under。
【48题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。根据句意和句中“kept”可知，句中讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填threw。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在Ernest先生的指导下，他们几乎扔掉了所有的东西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他们在旅途中精神振奋。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为banjo，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：正是来自Bless Frank Wild的真诚鼓励和关心使他振作起来。分析句子可知，句子为强调句，强调主语，空处应填名词和concern并列，在句中作主语，ecouragement“鼓励”，为不可数名词。故填encouragement。
【51题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：意识到他不应该因为他们所面临的逆境而变得自私，他学会了乐观和坚定。分析句子可知，they were faced with为定语从句，修饰名词adversity，此处特指“他们所面临的逆境”，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共 10小题;每小题 1分，满分10分)
52. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last weekend we go mountain-climbing. Even the heavy rain in the morning could not prevent us go. Setting off very early, we went along an extreme narrow road, all in high spirits. On each side of the road was green fields and some farm house. We could hear the sound of the rain and our footsteps mixing with our laughter. At noon we reached the top of the mountain. That surprised us most there was the beauty of the scenery. After have a short rest there and sharing with the food we had brought, we started going down. It rained even harder. We were wet to the skin, and we still sang and laughed happily.
【答案】1.go→went 2.go→going 3.extreme→extremely 4.was→were 5.house→houses
6mixing→mixed 7.That→What 8. have→having 9.sharing后去掉with 10.and→but
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者周末爬山的经历。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：上周末我们去爬山。根据“Last weekend”可知，本文为一般过去时。故将go改went。
2.考查固定短语。句意：即使早上下大雨也不能阻止我们去。prevent sb (from) doing表示“阻止某人做某事”。故将go改为going。
3.考查副词。句意：很早就出发了，我们沿着一条极其狭窄的道路走，都精神抖擞。narrow为形容词，应用副词去修饰做状语。故将extreme改为extremely。
4.考查主谓一致。句意：道路两旁是绿色的田野和一些农舍。主语fields为复数，根据语境为一般过去时。故将was改为were。
5.考查名词的数。句意：道路两旁是绿色的田野和一些农舍。house为可数名词，前面有some修饰。故将house改为houses。
6.考考过去分词。句意：我们可以听到雨声和脚步声与我们的笑声混合在一起。雨声、脚步声和笑声是被混合在一起的，用过去分词表示被动。故将mixing改为mixed。
7.考查主语从句。句意：最让我们惊讶的是美丽的风景。在主语从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”含义，应用what引导。故将That改为What。
8.考查动名词。句意：在那里休息了一会儿，分享了我们带来的食物后，我们开始下山。句中After为介词，其后应用动名词作宾语。故将have改为having。
9.考查固定搭配。句意：在那里休息了一会儿，分享了我们带来的食物后，我们开始下山。share sth表示“分享某东西”，share为及物动词，不用with。故将sharing后的with去掉。
10.考查连词。句意：我们浑身湿透，但是开心地唱歌笑风生。“We were wet to the skin”与“we still sang and laughed happily.”前后为转折关系。故将and改为but。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
53. 假设你是李华，你的美国网友Ted最近刚转学，发现难以适应新环境，同时对新学校的交友问题感到烦恼。请用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容主要包括：
1. 分享你适应新环境的经历；
2.就交朋友的方法给他一些建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Ted
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If you follow all these tips, you will definitely make new friends soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ted,
I’m sorry to hear that you are having difficulties adapting to the new environment and making friends. Let me share a personal experience with you. When I was eleven, my family moved and I was sent to another school. At that time, I also had a hard time. However, I did my best to make friends with my new classmates, and I gradually became popular with most of them.
Making friends is not difficult. First, make an impressive self-introduction in front of the class, so your classmates can get to know you better. Then, find a classmate with the same interest and get close to him. Last, try to join in the conversations when your classmates are chatting.
If you follow all these tips, you will definitely make new friends soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国网友Ted写一封电子邮件，分享自己适应新环境的经历，并且就交朋友的方法给他一些建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
适应：adapt to→acclimate
然而：however→whereas
逐渐地：gradually→progressively
方法：tips→hints
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Making friends is not difficult.
拓展句：Although making friends may seem difficult at first, it is actually not as hard as it may appear.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to hear that you are having difficulties adapting to the new environment and making friends.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】When I was eleven, my family moved and I was sent to another school. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
听力答案：1-5 ACBCA 6-10 CCABA 11-15 ABCAB 16-20 CBBCB
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