人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters单元测试复习练习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters单元测试复习练习题，共8页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
The trnades that recently hit the U.S. are sme f the mst destructive and deadly in histry. The deaths in Kentucky, the hardest stricken state, reached 80 n Mnday, with dzens still nt included. The scale f destructin and timing f the trnades being s late in the year—mst trnades happen in the spring and summer—are leading t discussin abut hw climate change may have affected this deadly disaster.
"In my 40 years as a meterlgist(气象学家), this is ne f the mst shcking weather events I've ever experienced," says Jeff Masters, at Yale Climate Cnnectins. "Watching these strms n Friday night, my thught was, 'Is n seasn safe?' Extreme trnades in December. That was mind blwing t me."
Unlike heat waves and flds, the cnnectin between a warming wrld and trnades is cmplex(复杂的) and uncertain. Scientists have several ideas abut hw trnad behavir may change. Trnades in December are pssible. But it remains t be seen whether climate change will strengthen r increase the frequency(频率) f trnades.
Accrding t NOAA's data, there has been a recrded increase in the number f bserved trnades since 1950, which experts believe is largely because f better technlgy such as Dppler radar. There's been n bserved increase in the frequency f majr trnades ver time. Fr example, 59 f the mst serius F5 trnades in the U.S. have happened since 1950. But if the strm that destryed Kentucky turns ut t have been an F5, it will have been the first since 2013—bringing t an end the lngest recrded perid s far.
"Hwever, given the general influence f glbal warming n the atmsphere, it makes sense that it shuld be having an effect n trnades t," says Victr Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Nrthern Illinis University. "Rather than asking, 'Did climate change cause this trnad?', it's better t perate under the thught that climate change did play a rle," he says.
While the science n climate change and trnades isn't clear, meterlgists are predicting cnditins benefiting trnades will cntinue this mnth. "T be hnest, I'm wrried abut the rest f the year. I dn't think we're ut f the wds yet," Gensini says.
1、What is the difference between the recent trnades and the nes in the past?
A.The recent trnades caused n deaths.
B.The recent trnades happened in December.
C.The recent trnades hit nly Kentucky.
D.The recent trnades caught peple unprepared.
2、What can be knwn frm Paragraph 3?
A.Waves and flds ften fllw trnades.
B.There is agreement n hw trnades may change.
C.Climate change will make trnades the mst deadly disaster.
D.Scientists are unsure hw climate change influences trnades.
3、Which f the fllwing statements may Victr Gensini agree with?
A.The trnades have nthing t d with climate warming.
B.The science n climate change is advancing very quickly.
C.Climate change mst likely has an effect n trnades.
D.Climate change will make trnades much less frequent.
4、What des the underlined phrase "ut f the wds" mean in the last paragraph?
A.Out f date.B.Out f rder.
C.Out f danger.D.Out f cntrl.
二、七选五
5、Causes f sandstrms
In desert areas, sandstrms are mst cmmnly caused by either thunderstrm utflws (外流) r strng pressure gradients (气压梯度) which cause an increase in wind speed ver a wide area. In sme cases, dust and sand may set a limit t a shallw depth by a lw-lying temperature change. ①_________ Drught is anther cause f sandstrms. Pr farming practices make dust and sand free f prtectin frm the wind. ②_________ A sandstrm can transprt and carry large amunts f sand. Deserts are the key surce f sandstrms. Saharan sandstrms have increased abut 10 times during the half century since the 1950s, causing tpsil(表土层) lss in nearby cuntries. ③_________
Sandstrms have als been shwn t increase the spread f disease acrss the glbe. Viruses in the dust are blwn int the atmsphere by the strms. Sme diseases may nt be urgent at the very beginning, but they can develp int deadly nes if left untreated. ④_________
Sandstrms cause sil lss frm the dry land, ding harm t agriculture. Sandstrms als reduce visibility, affecting airplanes and rad transprtatin. ⑤_________
Dust can als have gd effects. Central and Suth American rainfrests get mst f their mineral nutrients frm the Sahara; irn-pr cean regins get irn.
A. This is ne f the effects f sandstrms.
B. Bad results are caused by sandstrms.
C. Dry land farming is ne f the mst serius practices.
D. Peple knw little abut the effects abut sandstrms.
E. In ther cases, dust may be blwn as high as 6,100 meters high.
F. Fr example, a breathing prblem can lead t lung cancer, while dry eyes lead t blindness.
G. In additin, sandstrms als discurage visitrs frm visiting these places, striking turism.
三、完形填空（20空）
6、 Earthquakes are 1 ; thusands f them happen each day. But mst are t weak t feel. During a 2 earthquake, there is ften a great nise first. Then the earth 3 terribly; many huses 4 dwn. Railway tracks break and trains g 5 lines; a great many factries are 6 ; thusands f deaths are caused, and many mre lse hmes. 7 the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake 8 , ther disasters such as fires ften 9 . Mre buildings are destryed and mre 10 are caused.
It is well knwn f the 11 f a pssible earthquake, and fr centuries man has been making researches n earthquakes. Mre than 2, 000 years ag, 12 , a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng 13 a machine which culd find ut frm which 14 the seismic (地震的) waves had cme, and this machine is still 15 by scientists tday. Nw we knw much mre abut earthquakes and 16 they happen, but we still cannt 17 exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannt 18 it frm happening. S earthquakes are amng the 19 disasters in the wrld.​
N ne can stp natural earthquakes. 20 , scientists can help stp earthquakes frm destrying whle cities and causing t many deaths.
1. A. cmmnB. unusualC. strangeD. familiar
2. A. realB. weakC. bigD. small
3. A. mvesB. shakesC. jumps D. breaks
4. A. getB. putC. setD. fall
5. A. ffB. nC. intD. behind
6. A. burstB. hurtC. destryedD. buried
7. A. Except B. Besides C. Instead f D. Because f
8. A. lnelyB. later C. themselves D. itself
9. A. fllwB. cpy C. cme D. enter
10. A. quakesB. deathsC. difficultiesD. results
11. A. infrmatin B. questins C. dangersD. shck
12. A. as a resultB. in fact C. fr exampleD. as well
13. A. inventedB. discvered C. fund D. perated
14. A. cuntryB. directin C. wayD. city
15. A. imprved B. repaired C. prtectedD. used
16. A. whereB. when C. whatD. why
17. A. speakB. tell C. talkD. pint
18. A. makeB. prepare C. stpD. let
19. A. wrstB. best C. mstD. fast
20. A. Hwever B. But C. AndD. S
四、语法填空
7、He made ________ a rule t get up befre seven in the mrning.
8、As lng as we make every effrt _____(slve) the prblems, we will surely achieve ur gal.
9、Never befre has ur cuntry been s _____(pwer) as it is tday.
10、Our team f experts will be _____ hand t ffer help between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily.
11、Sme nline cheaters trap middle schl students _____ telling their ID numbers.
12、Many animals are brn with the ability t shelter _____ danger.
13、Tday the number f peple learning first aid _____(increase) rapidly.
五、书面表达
14、 假如你是来自地震灾区的李明，你的美国朋友Tm写信询问你的安全、你家乡的灾后重建情况，以及你的学习、生活情况。请你用英语从以下几个方面写一封回信，内容包括：
1.很多人在地震中失去了家人。幸运的是，在政府和全社会的帮助下，我们已经从废墟中站了起来；
2.现在我们正在新建的教室里上课。经过这场灾难，我们变得更坚强；
3.现在仍然有很多来自全国各地的好心人看望我们，他们给我们带来了爱和信心；
4.我们已决心重建家园，争取使其变得更美好。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad t hear frm yu. Nw I want t tell yu abut my hmetwn.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Ming
参考答案
1、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。第一段最后一句中谈到大多数龙卷风在春季和夏季发生。第二段中的“Extreme trnades in December.”说明最近的龙卷风发生在12月。故选B。
2、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“但气候变化是否会加强龙卷风或增加龙卷风的频率还有待观察。”可知,科学家不确定气候变化如何影响龙卷风。故选D。
3、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的Victr Gensini可定位到第五段Victr Gensini说的话“然而,考虑到全球变暖对大气的普遍影响,全球变暖也应该对龙卷风产生影响是有道理的;最好是认为气候变化确实起到了推动作用,而不是问‘是气候变化造成了这次龙卷风吗?’”由此可推知,Victr Gensini认为气候变化很可能对龙卷风有影响。故选C。
4、答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线部分前面的“cnditins benefiting trnades will cntinue this mnth”可知本月可能还会发生龙卷风。再根据最后一段中Gensini说的话“老实说,我担心今年剩下的时间。我认为我们还没ut f the wds。”可知Gensini很担心,觉得人们还未摆脱龙卷风的危险,ut f the wds 在此处意为“ut f danger(脱离危险)”。故选C。A.过时的,过期的;B.出故障,不整洁;D.失去控制。
5、答案：ECAFG
解析：①由上文In sme cases, dust...可知E项In ther cases, dust may be blwn as high as 6,100 meters high.(在其他情况下,灰尘可能会被吹到高达6,100米高。)承接上文,故选E。
②上文提示“糟糕的耕作方式使灰尘和沙子无法防风。”,由此可知,C项Dry land farming is ne f the mst serius practices.(旱地农业是最严重的做法之一。)承接上文,故选C。
③上文提示“沙漠是沙尘暴的主要来源。自20世纪50年代以来的半个世纪,撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘暴增加了10 倍,导致附近国家的土壤流失。”。A项This is ne f the effects f sandstrms.(这是沙尘暴的影响之一。)切题。故选A。
④上文提示“有些疾病在最开始的时候可能并不紧急,但如果不及时治疗,它们可能会发展成致命的疾病。”,F项Fr example, a breathing prblem can lead t lung cancer, while dry eyes lead t blindness.(例如,呼吸问题可能会导致肺癌,而干眼症可能会导致失明。)承接上文,故选F。
⑤上文提示“沙尘暴也降低了能见度,影响了飞机和公路运输。”,G项In additin, sandstrms als discurage visitrs frm visiting these places, striking turism.(此外,沙尘暴还阻碍游客参观这些地方,冲击旅游业。)承接上文,故选G。该项中的In additin使上下文紧密相连。
6、答案：ACBDA CBDAB BCCAB DBCAA
解析：1.A 根据后面的 thusands f them happen each day可知答案。
2.C 根据后面的描述可知, 应该是一次大地震。
3.B 根据常识首先排除C。shake指"震动, 晃动, 摇动"; mve指"移动"; break指"破碎"。故选B。
4.D fall dwn在此指"房屋倒塌"。
5.A 铁路轨道破裂, 所以火车偏离铁轨。ff指"离开, 不相连", 其他三个词均不符合语境。
6.C 此处指"工厂被毁"。burst 指"爆炸; 胀破"; hurt指"伤害, 使受伤"; bury指"埋葬", 这三个词均不符合语境。
7.B 句意：除了地震本身所造成的巨大破坏和死亡以外, 其他的灾害也随之而来, 例如火灾。besides既包括地震本身所造成的破坏和死亡, 也包括其他的灾害。如果用except, 则不包括地震本身所造成的破坏和死亡, 所以不符合语境。
8.D 这里指地震本身所造成的破坏与死亡, 故选D。
9.A B、D两项不符合语境, 先排除; fllw有"随之而来"之意, 而cme只表"来到"。
10.B 大火造成的两大结果：房屋被毁, 人员死亡。
11.C 根据上下文可知, 地震的危险性是众所周知的, 所以人们一直在做有关地震的研究。
12.C 此处举例说明人们在这方面的研究。
13.A invent发明; discver 发现; find找到; perate操作, 运行。根据句意可知A正确。
14.B A、D两项不符合语境, 先排除; directin表"方位, 方向", 而way则指"路, 道或路线", way也可以指"方向", 但一般用在this, that, which等之后构成短语。
15.D 科学家们现在仍在使用这种机器。
16.D C项不符合语法, 先排除; when和where在下句中出现。
17.B 但是我们仍然不知道到底什么时候、在哪儿会发生地震。tell有"说出, 知道, 断定"之意。
18.C 首先, 根据语境应选择表示"终止, 停止"的词; 其次, 根据固定搭配stp sb./sth. (frm) ding…可知C项正确。
19.A 根据上下文可知, 地震是最严重的灾害之一。
20.A 此处用逗号隔开, 所以选副词hwever; but为连词, 不能用逗号隔开。
7、答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。当make的宾语为动词不定式时，通常用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语，并把动词不定式放在后面，构成"make + it +adj./n.+ t d sth."结构。
8、答案：t slve
解析：考查不定式。make every effrt t d sth.意为“尽一切努力做某事”,故填t slve。句意:只要我们尽一切努力解决问题,我们就一定会实现我们的目标。
9、答案：pwerful
解析：考查形容词。设空处前面有been和表示程度的副词s,故此处需用形容词作表语,故填pwerful,表示“我们的国家以前从来没有像现在这样强大过”。
10、答案：n
解析：考查介词。句意:每天上午8点到下午5点,我们的专家小组将随时提供帮助。n hand 现有(尤指帮助)。
11、答案：int
解析：考查介词。trap sb. int ding sth.诱骗某人做某事。故填int。句意:一些网络骗子诱骗中学生说出他们的身份证号。
12、答案：frm
解析：考查介词。句意:很多动物天生就有躲避危险的能力。shelter frm...意为“躲避……”。
13、答案：is increasing
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意:现在,学习急救的人的数量在快速增加。分析可知,主语为"the number f+名词", 谓语动词需用单数形式,结合语境可知是表示现在这个人数正在快速增加,需用现在进行时表示一种进行的趋势,故填is increasing。
14、答案：
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad t hear frm yu. Nw I want t tell yu abut my hmetwn. Many peple lst their families in the earthquake. Luckily, with the help f the gvernment and the whle sciety, we have gradually recvered frm the earthquake.
Nw we are studying in ur newly-built classrms. Thrugh the disaster, we have becme much strnger. There are still many warm-hearted peple frm all ver the cuntry cming t see us. They bring us lve and cnfidence. Nw we are determined t rebuild ur hmetwn and try t make it a better place.
Yurs,
Li Ming
解析：