2022-2023学年北京市亦庄实验中学高一上学期期中英语试题含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市亦庄实验中学高一上学期期中英语试题含答案，共91页。试卷主要包含了用方框内所给词的适当形式填空，根据提示翻译句子，语法填空，完形填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 北京亦庄实验中学2021级高二及2019级直升高二第5学段
英语教与学质量诊断
总分：100分
第一部分 词汇（共18分）
一、用方框内所给词的适当形式填空。（共10分，每题1分）
选词填空
informative attain refill forecast threaten

1. The report __________ that prices will rise by 3% next month.
2. Most of the students __________ five “A” grades in their final exams.
3. Make sure that the bottle is completely empty before it __________.
4. People are becoming more aware of the dangers __________ the environment.
5. I am a faithful reader of this newspaper because it is much __________ than others.
【答案】1. forecasts
2. attained
3. is refilled
4. threatening
5. more informative
【解析】
【1题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：报告预测下个月物价将上涨3%。根据句意可知，此处表示“预报”应为forecast，分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，forecast与句子主语the report之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填forecasts。
【2题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：大多数学生在期末考试中得了五个“A”。根据句意可知，此处表示“获得”应为attain，分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合时间状语in their final exams可知，此处应使用一般过去时，attain与句子主语Most of the students之间为主动关系。故填attained。
【3题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：在重新装瓶之前，要确保瓶子完全空了。根据句意可知，此处表示“重装”应为refill，分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据主句中的谓语动词make和is可知，此处应使用一般现在时，refill与句子主语it之间为被动关系，且句子主语为第三人称单数。故填is refilled。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们越来越意识到威胁环境的危险。根据句意可知，此处表示“威胁”应为threaten，分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，threaten与逻辑主语dangers之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填threatening。
【5题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我是这份报纸的忠实读者，因为它比其他报纸信息量大得多。根据句意可知，此处表示“信息量大的”为informative，分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，根据空后的than可知，此处应使用形容词的比较级。故填more informative。
选词填空
scene terrify incredible academy embarrass

6. Being caught in a flood is __________ dangerous.
7. His ignorant behavior at the dinner table caused much __________.
8. Beijing is famous for its __________ spots that attract tons of tourists each year.
9. I have to plan my __________ work very carefully and set myself clear goals to get my degree in chemistry at university.
10. A lot of clever people are __________ about AI, fearing that robots will one day become so smart that they’ll murder all of us.
【答案】6. incredibly
7. embarrassment
8. scenic 9. academic
10. terrified
【解析】
【6题详解】
考查副词。句意：被洪水困住是非常危险的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰形容词dangerous，根据句意可知，此处表示“非常地”应为形容词incredible的副词incredibly。故填incredibly。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：他在餐桌上无知的行为使他很尴尬。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“尴尬”应为动词embarrass的名词embarrassment，much修饰不可数名词。故填embarrassment。
【8题详解】
考查形容词。句意：北京以其风景名胜而闻名，每年吸引大量的游客。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词spots，结合句意可知，此处表示“风景优美的”应为名词scene的形容词scenic，scenic spots意为“旅游景点”符合句意。故填scenic。
【9题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我必须非常仔细地计划我的学术工作，为自己设定明确的目标，以便在大学获得化学学位。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词修饰名词work，结合句意可知，此处表示“学术的”应为名词academy的形容词academic。故填academic。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多聪明人对人工智能感到恐惧，担心机器人有一天会变得如此聪明，以至于它们会杀死我们所有人。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“感到恐惧的”应为动词terrify的形容词terrified，be terrified about意为“对……感到恐惧”符合句意。故填terrified。
二、根据提示翻译句子。（共8分，每题2分）
11. 如果我装作没有认出你，不要惊讶。(pretend)(汉译英)
【答案】Don’t be surprised if I pretend not to recognize you.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、条件状语从句和祈使句。“不要惊讶”用祈使句表示Don’t be surprised；“如果”用连词if，引导条件状语从句；“装作做某事”用短语pretend to do sth.；“认出你”翻译为recognize you。根据祈使句可知，if从句用一般现在时。故翻译为Don’t be surprised if I pretend not to recognize you.
12. 人笑能放松身上的肌肉，并且尽情大笑后，其影响能够持续45分钟。(汉译英)
【答案】Laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、动词短语和状语从句。根据句意可知，此处描述的为客观事实，所以此处应使用一般现在时，表示“大笑”应为laughter作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“放松”应为relax，与句子主语为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语为relaxes；表示“肌肉”应为muscles作宾语；表示“其影响”指的是大笑后“降低肌张力”应为decrease muscle tones在句子中作状语，与逻辑主语laughter之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式，即decreasing muscle tone，表示“持续45分钟”应为for up to 45minutes，表示“尽情大笑后”应为时间状语从句，即after the laugh dies down置于句尾。故翻译为Laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
13. 但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。(过去分词短语作状语)(汉译英)
【答案】But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态及非谓语动词。但是“but”，个人的愤怒和焦虑“personal anger and stress”，不值一提“be nothing”，与......相比较“compared to”，使用过去分词短语作状语，真正的社会损失“the real costs socially”，陈述现阶段所发生的的事情使用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are，but位于句首注意首字母要大写，故翻译为But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.
14. 显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。(汉译英)
【答案】It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句、动词和名词。根据句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以主句应使用一般现在时态，分析句意可知，此处应为固定句型it is clear that，意为“很显然”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的为主语从句作真正的主语；表示“人类活动”应为human activity作从句的主语，表示“对其他物种产生了影响”应为affect all other species，结合句意，从句中使用一般现在时，表示对现在造成的影响，affect与句子主语为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以从句的谓语动为has affected t all other species，表示“负面”应为副词negatively修饰谓语动词，置于助动词has之后，实义动词affected之前，表示“地球上”应为on earth，表示“包括动物和植物”应为介词短语including animals and plants。故翻译为It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
第二部分 知识运用（共25分）
三、语法填空（共15分，每题1.5分）
A
阅读下列文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空1处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In recent years big changes about “greenways” have taken place in Beijing ____15____ residents can get more exercise to benefit their own health, and pursue a more carbon-free lifestyle.
A typical one is the “Chaoyang Greenway”. So far, it ____16____ (cover) a distance of around 10 kilometers in Beijing’s Chaoyang district. The path ____17____ (combine) walking and cycling is a new and welcome addition. With the “greenways”. Beijing becomes a greener and better place to live in.
【答案】15. where
16. has covered
17. combining
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京的“绿道”给人们所带来的便利。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：近年来，北京的“绿道”发生了巨大变化，居民可以得到更多的锻炼，有利于自己的健康，并追求更无碳的生活方式。句中先行词为greenways，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用连接副词where引导。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，它已经覆盖了北京朝阳区约10公里的距离。根据时间状语so far可知，用现在完成时。主语是It，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has covered。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：结合步行和骑自行车的路径是一个新的和受欢迎的增加。句中已有谓语动词is，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词The path与combine之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填combining。
B
阅读下列文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空1处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Canadians are extremely enthusiastic about renewable energy, and public opinion is ____18____ (clear) moving towards a clean energy vision for the future. But when you look at the latest polls, there are still some major obstacles to aggressive climate action.
You’ve ____19____ (probable) heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters (民意调查人) when asked. But the same two-thirds will tell you they’re pretty satisfied and think Canada is doing a decent job dealing with climate change.
It’s not because Canadians aren’t worried. Three quarters of the public are concerned and the level of worry ____20____ (rise) — half of us now describe climate change as a “very serious threat.” But most people think we’re already pulling our weight. Just 25 percent of Canadians think we’re doing less than our “fair share.”
One of the really worrying trends in public opinion is the number of people ____21____ think tackling climate change is already a lost cause.
【答案】18. clearly
19. probably
20. is rising
21. who
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了加拿大人对可再生能源非常热情，公众舆论显然正朝着清洁能源的未来发展。但是，最新的民意调查显示，积极的气候行动仍然存在一些主要障碍。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：加拿大人对可再生能源非常热情，公众舆论显然正朝着清洁能源的未来发展。空格处用副词clearly修饰动词短语moving towards，clearly意为“显然”，故填clearly。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：你可能听说过，大多数加拿大人希望政府在气候问题上做得更多。空格处用副词修饰动词heard，probable的副词是probably，意为“可能”，故填probably。
【20题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：四分之三的公众对此感到担忧，而且担忧的程度正在上升——一半的人现在将气候变化描述为“非常严重的威胁”。由half of us now describe climate change as a “very serious threat.”可知，句子表示“四分之三的公众对此感到担忧，而且担忧的程度正在上升”，因此空格处的时态用现在进行时，主语the level of worry是不可数名词，因此空格处是is rising。故填is rising。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：公众舆论中一个真正令人担忧的趋势是，越来越多的人认为应对气候变化已经是一项注定要失败的事业。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词people是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。
C
阅读下列文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空1处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mr. Mora is a famous university president. He is remembered as a humorous man ____22____ lectures bring laughter from time to time. He is also remembered by his family and friends for being absent-minded. There are many interesting stories about Mr. Mora, ____23____ amuse people.
Once on a train, a conductor came to Mr. Mora, asking for his ticket. He began to search his pockets. No ticket appeared. Mr. Mora began searching his suitcase. “Never mind, sir.” said the conductor, seeing how anxiously Mr. Mora ____24____ (look) for his ticket and trying to comfort him. “When you find your ticket, just post it to the station. I’m sure you have it somewhere.” “I’m sure, too.” said the president as he continued searching. “But I must find it. I need to know where I’m going.”
【答案】22. whose
23. which 24. was looking
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是著名的大学校长Mr. Mora粗心大意地把火车票弄丢了，上错了火车的故事。
【22题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：人们记得他是一个幽默的人，他的演讲不时引起笑声。空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词man和lectures之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：关于莫拉先生有许多有趣的故事，逗人发笑。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词stories是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
【24题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“没关系，先生。”列车员说，他看到莫拉先生焦急地寻找他的车票，想安慰他。此处表示莫拉先生在找车票的时候很焦急，由said可知，“找车票”是过去的某个时间点正在进行的动作，因此时态用过去进行时，主语Mr. Mora是一个人，因此空格处用was looking。故填was looking。
四、完形填空（共10分，每题1分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从句题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Oleita, a 26-year-old environmentalist from Detroit, thinks she may have a partial solution for two problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. She is encouraging snack lovers to donate their ____25____ chip bags rather than throw them away, so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
The idea came to Oleita two years ago when she came across a woman in England____26____ viewers how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook. ____27____, she decided to use that video as a blueprint to start the Chip Bag Project.
Oleita and her volunteers get chip bags of all brands and sizes. After cleaning them in soapy hot water, they ____28____ them open, lay them flat and iron them together. They use the material from old coats to ____29____ the insides. Each sleeping bag requires 150 chip bags and takes around four hours to complete.
Since 2020, the project has ____30____ more than 800, 000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to ____31____ money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s not enough. “We are committed to providing ____32____ for those in need, making an impact not only socially, but environmentally, ” Oleita says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would ____33____ land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that pollution and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita said, “I think it’s time to show_____34_____ between all of these issues. ”
25. A. clean B. special C. empty D. new
26. A. showing B. asking C. sending D. observing
27. A. Astonished B. Inspired C. Disappointed D. Embarrassed
28. A. push B. slice C. knock D. swing
29. A. decorate B. match C. adjust D. cover
30. A. purchased B. sold C. collected D. produced
31. A. raise B. borrow C. earn D. save
32. A. relaxation B. innovation C. instruction D. relief
33. A. still B. almost C. hardly D. otherwise
34. A. conflicts B. similarities C. connections D. distinctions
【答案】25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个美国女孩开展“薯片袋项目”，收集空的薯片袋做成睡袋，同时帮助解决垃圾和贫困的问题。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她鼓励零食爱好者捐赠他们的空薯片袋，而不是把它们扔掉，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。A. clean干净的；B. special特别的；C. empty空的；D. new新的。根据下文“rather than throw them away”和常识可知，捐赠的是空薯片袋。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年前，奥莱塔在Facebook上遇到了一位向观众展示如何将薯片袋组合成睡袋的英国女士，于是她产生了这个想法。A. showing展示；B. asking问；C. sending派送；D. observing观察。根据下文“how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook.”可知，一位英国女士在Facebook上展示如何将薯片袋组合成睡袋。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到启发，她决定以这段视频为蓝本，启动薯片袋项目。A. Astonished惊讶的；B. Inspired受到启发的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“The idea came to Oleita two years ago when she came across a woman in England____2____ viewers how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook.”可知，奥莱塔受到英国女士将薯片袋组合成睡袋的启发。故选B。
28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在含肥皂的热水中清洗后，他们把它们切开，平放，然后熨烫在一起。A. push推；B. slice切开；C. knock敲；D. swing摇摆。根据下文“them open, lay them flat”可知，奥莱塔将各种薯片袋切开，再熨平。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们使用旧外套的材料来覆盖内部。A. decorate装饰；B. match相配；C. adjust调整；D. cover覆盖。根据上文“They use the material from old coats”可知，使用旧外套的材料来覆盖薯片袋内部。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2020年以来，该项目已经收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已经制作了110个睡袋。A. purchased购买；B. sold卖；C. collected收集；D. produced生产。根据上文“She is encouraging snack lovers to donate their ____1____ chip bags rather than throw them away,”可知，该项目收集薯片袋制作睡袋。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，筹集资金购买新的睡袋会更简单。A. raise筹集；B. borrow借；C. earn赚得；D. save保存。根据下文“buy new sleeping bags”可知，这里指筹集资金购买新的睡袋。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：奥莱塔说：“我们致力于为有需要的人提供救济，不仅在社会上产生影响，而且在环境上产生影响。”A. relaxation消遣；B. innovation创新；C. instruction指令；D. relief救济。根据文章首句“Oleita, a 26-year-old environmentalist from Detroit, thinks she may have a partial solution for two problems: garbage and poverty.”可知，该项目为贫困的人提供救济。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，还有回收袋的象征意义，否则它们会被扔进垃圾桶，用它们来帮助无家可归的人。A. still仍然；B. almost几乎；C. hardly几乎不；D. otherwise否则。根据上文“there’s the symbolism of recycling bags”和常识可知，薯片袋不回收，否则就会被扔进垃圾桶。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如奥莱塔所说：“我认为是时候展示所有这些问题之间的联系了。”A. conflicts冲突；B. similarities相似；C. connections联系；D. distinctions区分。根据上文“It’s a powerful reminder that pollution and poverty often go hand in hand.”可知，污染和贫困之间是相联系的。故选C。
第三部分 阅读理解（共29分）
第一节（共13小题；共21.5分）
阅读以下短文，从每题所给的P四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑；或者根据短文内容回答问题，并填写在答题纸应位置上。
(A)
For many travelers these days, finding a way to make travel more meaningful has become a top priority. They are increasingly pursuing journeys that include time to volunteer, work on a conservation project, protect endangered animals or to do other activities that allow for giving back while exploring a new part of the world. Here are some opportunities that combine travel with doing good deeds.
The Azores
The trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects alongside famous scientists while also enjoying encounters with some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures in water. It allows participants to join a research team in the Azores that s studying the animals to support future conservation of the species. Advanced diving experience is required.
Red Sea, Egypt
Combining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort conducted by Hurghada Environmental Protection and Conservation Association. The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with state -of- the -art scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.
Australia
Explore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger. Participants help with daily cleaning of barns (牲口圈) and cages. feeding, health checks, light repair, monitoring animals’ movements, and intensive care of ill, old and baby animals. The experience includes free accommodations with Wi Fi and a swimming pool.
Romania
Work with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been abused. Located in the Carpathian Mountains, the sanctuary needs volunteers to help with preparing food, monitoring animal well-being and leading conservation tours. The sanctuary is home to 84 bears, with 20 more due to be rescued.
35. What do the first two trips have in common?
A. Both involve underwater activities.
B. Both provide free accommodations.
C. Both require advanced diving experience.
D. Both teach how to use scientific equipment.
36. Which place best suits a girl who likes horses?
A. The Azores. B. Red Sea. C. Australia. D. Romania.
37. Why are the bears adopted by the sanctuary in Romania?
A. They have no food. B. They are badly treated.
C They should be monitored. D. They need to live in mountains.
【答案】35. A 36. C 37. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四处旅游地点。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Azores部分的“The trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects alongside famous scientists while also enjoying encounters with some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures in water.(这些旅程提供了与著名科学家一起从事精心挑选的项目的机会，同时也享受与一些世界上最迷人的海洋生物在水中相遇的乐趣。)”和Red Sea, Egypt部分的“Combining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort(既是世界级潜水的机会，也是重要研究工作的一部分)”和“The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with state -of- the -art scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.(7个晚上的旅行包括学习如何用最先进的科学设备收集水数据，以及进行船上和水下实验。)”可知，两者都有水下活动。故选A。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据Australia部分的“Explore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger.(探索澳大利亚昆士兰，同时也支持一个注册的慈善机构，该机构拯救农场动物，使它们免受虐待、忽视和危险。)”可推知，这里可能有马，最适合喜欢马的女孩，故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段的“Work with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been abused.(在罗马尼亚最大的熊保护区和熊一起工作，这里是被虐待的熊的天堂。)”可知，这些熊会被罗马尼亚的保护区收养是因为它们受到虐待。故选B。
(B)
The Lifecycle of a T-shirt
We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You’d probably be surprised to learn what’s involved in the lifecyle of just one T-shirt.
There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal (处理). The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.
Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc. —these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.
After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are most of your cotton garments (衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck…, all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you’ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current U. S. records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing…it has a real impact on the planet.
There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they’re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat (恒温器) on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.
38. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “________”.
A. wastes water B. takes a lot of time C. uses energy D. has a bad effect
39. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. The production process may affect water safety.
B. The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.
C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.
D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.
40. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year.
B. CO2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
C. About 15% of the clothes and shoes wind up in the landfills eventually.
D. About 16000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry.
41. What is the purpose of this article?
_______________________________________________________
【答案】38. D 39. A 40. D
41. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一件T恤在制成在每个阶段对环境的影响，并提出了一些与衣服相关的对生态环境友好行为的建议。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子的前半句“While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as manmade fibers(棉花是一种天然纤维，对环境的危害不像人造纤维那么大)”可知，while引导的是让步状语从句，意思是“尽管棉花不像人造纤维那样对环境的危害那么大”，划线短语所在的句子意思为“但是仍然是有危害的”，由此可知，该短语的意思与“有危害”相近，D选项“has a bad effect”的意思是“有坏的影响”与“有危害”意义相近。故选D项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc. —these processes also use a great deal of water and energy.(棉花一旦种植和收获，生产阶段就开始了:纺纱、编织、漂白、染色、裁剪、缝纫等——这些过程也要消耗大量的水和能源。)”可知，衣服的生产过程需要大量的水，结合第三段中的“Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.(商业染料和漂白剂是有害的污染物，最终会污染地下水。)”可知，商业染料和漂白剂最终会污染地下水，由此可推断，整个生产过程可能会影响到水的安全。故选A项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load.(然而，美国家庭平均每年要洗400次衣服，每次洗大约要用40加仑的水。)”可知，每年一个美国家庭平均要洗400次衣服，每次要使用40加仑的水，所以，美国一个家庭每年平均有16,000加仑的水用于洗衣服。故选D项。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的“There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact.(你可以做很多事情来帮助减少你的影响。)”并结合下文中列举的很多我们可以做的一些与衣服相关的环保的事情可知，本文的写作目的是促进与服装有关的环保行动，为环保做出自己的贡献。故答案为To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes。
(C)
When people are asked what’s important in their lives, they often mention humor, yet philosophers would disagree.
The first is how little they have said. The most that major philosophers like Plato, Hobbes, and Kant wrote about laughter or humor was a few paragraphs within a discussion of another topic. Some anthropologists (人类学家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss.
The second is how negative most philosophers have been in their assessments of humor. From ancient Greece until the 20th century, the vast majority of philosophical comments on laughter and humor focused on scornful (蔑视的) or mocking laughter, or on laughter that overpowers people, rather than on comedy, wit, or joking. Plato, the most influential critic of laughter, treated laughter as an emotion that overrides (凌驾于) rational self-control. He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, “for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.” Another of Plato’s objections to laughter is that it is evil. Plato analyzes the enjoyment of comedy as a form of scorn. The people we laugh at imagine themselves to be wealthier, better looking, or more virtuous than they really are. In laughing at them, we take delight in something evil: their self-ignorance.
Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. “We shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration whatsoever. No free person, whether woman or man, shall be found taking lessons in them.”
Greek thinkers after Plato had similarly negative comments. Though Aristotle considered it a valuable part of conversation, he agreed with Plato that laughter expresses scorn. The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. Epictetus’s Enchiridion advises “Let not your laughter be loud, frequent, or unrestrained.” His followers said that he never laughed at all.
42. What conclusion do some anthropologists make on humor?
A Humor is of great significance to people.
B. Humor is a valuable part of conversation.
C. Humor can be left out of human life without much loss.
D. Humor reflects people’s irrationality and self-ignorance.
43. Plato advocates the strict control of comedy and limiting it to slaves or hired aliens in the ideal state. T/F
44. The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control. T/F
45. What suggestion does Plato offer to the guardians of a country? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
46. Do you agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage about humor? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】42. C 43. T
44. F 45. Plato suggested that the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, because he thought violent laughter caused a violent reaction.
46. I don’t agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage, because I think laughter is very important, which is a way of coming to terms with a variety of situations. It is also a way of releasing inner tension. Statistics have shown that people who are able to laugh at themselves cope with life much better.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一些哲学家认为对幽默持否定的态度，他们认为应该限制大笑和幽默。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some anthropologists (人类学家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss. (一些人类学家把关于幽默的哲学著作的数量与关于正义的著作的数量进行比较，很可能得出这样的结论：把幽默从人类生活中剔除也不会有多大损失。)”可知，一些人类学家认为把幽默从人类生活中剔除也没什么多大的损失，他们关于幽默得出的结论是：人类生活中没有幽默也不会有太大的损失。故选C项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. (因为这些对笑声和幽默的反对，柏拉图说，在理想状态下，喜剧应该被严格控制。)”可知，Plato认为戏剧应受到严格的限制，结合下文中的“We shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration whatsoever. ( 我们将下令，这些表现形式将留给奴隶或雇佣的外国人，而不会得到任何认真的考虑。)”可知，Plato认为应该将幽默只留给奴隶或雇佣的外国人，所以“Plato advocates the strict control of comedy and limiting it to slaves or hired aliens in the ideal state.(柏拉图主张严格控制喜剧，将其限制在理想状态下的奴隶或雇佣的外星人身上。)”的表述是正确的。故答案是T。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“. The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. (强调自我控制的斯多葛学派同意柏拉图的观点，即笑会削弱自我控制。)”可知，斯多葛学派认为笑削弱了自我控制，而题目中“The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control. (斯多葛学派的人对笑也有负面评价，但他们强调笑能增强自制力。)”的表述，表达的是笑能增强自我控制力，与原文信息不符，所以表述是错误的。故答案是F。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, “for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.” (他说，国家的守护者应该避免笑，“因为当一个人放任自己狂笑时，他的状况会引起激烈的反应。”)”可知，柏拉图建议一个国家的守护者避免笑，因为他认为激烈的笑会引起暴力反应。故答案为Plato suggested that the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, because he thought violent laughter caused a violent reaction.
【46题详解】
开放性题目。I don’t agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage, because I think laughter is very important, which is a way of coming to terms with a variety of situations. It is also a way of releasing inner tension. Statistics have shown that people who are able to laugh at themselves cope with life much better.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Plogging
Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. ___47___If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter from our environment, then this might just be the sport for you.
Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. ___48___This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.
Organize your plogging group. If you're lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don't have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. ___49___
Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. ___50___If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it.
___51___ It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. You're part of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honoring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference.
A. Taking some photos during the process is also necessary.
B. You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.
C. Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise.
D. You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.
E. Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.
F. If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place.
G. With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.
【答案】47. C 48. D 49. G 50. B 51. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要从三个方面说明了跑步捡垃圾的好处，并提出了进行跑步捡垃圾的相关建议。
【47题详解】
根据下文“If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others”如果你喜欢户外运动，喜欢和别人一起运动的话。C项Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise.“这是一个社交运动，通常以组队的形式进行”呼应下文中的others，切合题意。故选C项。
【48题详解】
根据下文“This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.”这可以是一个普通的垃圾袋，便于携带，并且能装带有锋利边缘的垃圾。D项You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.“你还需要一个便于携带的垃圾袋来装垃圾”呼应后句中的“easy to carry and capable of containing litter”便于携带并可以装垃圾，切合题意。故选D项。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers.”用社交媒体、在公告板里发通知或者在体育商店橱窗上贴标签来找到跑步捡垃圾运动的伙伴们。G项With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.“做了这些努力后，你就能找到感兴趣的人了”呼应上文使用各种方式找到伙伴一起组队，符合语境。故选G项。
【50题详解】
根据上文“If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it.”如果有疑问的话，把它留下，找到更好的工作移除它。B项You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.“你也可以向当地官方部门寻求帮助”意在表明清除有害垃圾的方式有两种，使用分述方式展开说明，因此B项符合题意。故选B项。
【51题详解】
根据下文“It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care.”这是一种通过运动把个人成就与社区和环境保护结合起来的方式。E项Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.“跑步捡垃圾是一种能感受到动力很棒的方式，因为有着不止一个的益处”呼应下文对这种方式的具体说明，E项切题。故选E项。
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，28分）
第一节（共4小题第52、53题各1分，第42题2分，第43题4分，共8分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton in the closet?” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”
“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family history isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.
After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother sank into a faint (晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.
“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “You just destroyed the school’s skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “They’re both crazy,” she thought.
52. According to Jessica’s mother, what does “a skeleton in the closet” mean?
____________________________________________________________________________________
53. According to paragraph 2, why were some Australians’ ancestors transported to Australia?
____________________________________________________________________________________
54. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm hit her when she opened Jessica’s closet.
____________________________________________________________________________________
55. Do you find the story humorous? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】52. Something that you would rather not have anyone else to know about.
53. Because they committed crimes.
54. Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm hit her when she opened Jessica’s closet. In the passage, Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor when she opened Jessica’s closet.
55. Yes, it is. Because Jessica meant to tell her mother about the skeleton in the closet, but her question caused quarrels between her mother and father; they both misunderstood each other.
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jessica家里发生的一件趣事，Jessica想问问妈妈对于衣柜里骷髅的想法，而妈妈却以为女儿问的是一句俗语的含义，并因此产生了误解。
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段““Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton in the closet?” Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”(“妈妈，如果有人告诉你他们衣柜里有骷髅是什么意思？”Jessica问道。“衣柜里的骷髅？”母亲若有所思地停了下来。“嗯，这是一件你不想让别人知道的事情。例如，如果在过去，爸爸家里有人因为偷了一匹马而被捕，那就会是‘他家里的骷髅’。他真的不想让邻居知道这件事。”)”可知，Jessica的妈妈认为“衣柜里的骷髅”指的是不想让别人知道的事情。故答案为Something that you would rather not have anyone else to know about。
【53题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第二段““Your family history isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.”(“你知道，你的家族史不太好。你的曾曾祖父不是因为犯罪被流放到澳大利亚的囚犯吗？”“是的，但是现在人们说，除非你的祖先是作为囚犯来到这里的，否则你就不是真正的澳大利亚人。”)”可知，一些澳大利亚人的祖先是因为犯了罪被流放到这里的。故答案为Because they committed crimes。
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother sank into a faint (晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead.(洗完衣服后，她把刚熨好的衣服抱在怀里，走向Jessica的衣橱。就在她打开门，伸手去挂裙子的时候，一条瘦骨嶙峋的手臂从黑暗的深处伸出来，一捆白骨落在地板上。Jessica的母亲昏倒了，直到Jessica把一块冷的湿布放在她的额头上才醒过来。)”可知，Jessica的母亲晕倒是因为当她打开Jessica的衣柜时，一条瘦骨嶙峋的手臂从黑暗的深处伸出来，一捆白骨落在地板上，受到惊吓而晕倒的。因此，原句中“because a bony arm hit her”表述错误。故答案为ln the passage, Jessica’s mother fainted because a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor when she opened Jessica’s closet。
【55题详解】
开放题。要生考生谈谈自己是否觉得这个故事很幽默，并解释原因，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为Yes, it is. Because Jessica meant to tell her mother about the skeleton in the closet, but her question caused quarrels between her mother and father; they both misunderstood each other。
第二节（20分）
56. 北京的古城墙（the ancient wall）是否应该被拆除，请就此话题写一篇“for and against”的文章，发表在我校英语报上。
注意：词数不少于100词
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【答案】One possible version:
Recently our class has had a debate whose topic was whether the ancient wall in our city should be pulled down. Opinions are different on this topic.
Some of the students who are in favor of pulling down the ancient wall think that it isn’t in harmony with the modern look of our city. Besides, it costs too much to protect it.
On the contrary, the rest think the ancient wall shouldn’t be pulled down, claiming that it is a symbol of the history and culture of our city, which should be protected. Furthermore, the ancient wall can help attract visitors.
Personally, I’m for the second view. After all, with the ancient wall pulled down, much would disappear including its history and culture.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生北京的古城墙(the ancient wall)是否应该被拆除，写一篇“for and against”的文章，发表在校英语报上。
【详解】1.词汇积累
不同的：different →various
此外：besides → what’s more
保护：protect →preserve
就个人而言：personally →in my opinion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：After all, with the ancient wall pulled down, much will disappear including its history and culture.
拓展句：After all, if the ancient wall should be pulled down, much would disappear including its history and culture.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently our class has had a debate whose topic was whether the ancient wall in our city should be pulled down.（运用了whose引导的定语从句和whether引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】On the contrary, the rest think the ancient wall shouldn’t be pulled down, claiming that it is a symbol of the history and culture of our city, which should be protected. Furthermore, the ancient wall can help attract visitors. （运用了现在分词短语作状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）