2022-2023学年上海市上海中学高一下学期期中考试英语试卷含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市上海中学高一下学期期中考试英语试卷含答案，共7页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 上海中学2022学年第二学期期中考试
英语试题
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which! one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and assistant.
C. Nurse and patient. D. Manager and customer.
2. A. At a post office. B. At a flower shop.
C. At a department store. D. At a bus station.
3. A. He is unemployed at present. B. He owns a company now.
C. He still works in the agency. D. He is unable to support his family.
4. A. At 10:00. B. At 10:20. C. At 11:00. D. At 11:20.
5. A. Satisfied. B. Relieved. C. Surprised. D. Excited.
6. A. The woman didn’t post any postcard from Egypt.
B. The man has never collected any postcards.
C. The woman will go to Egypt for her holiday.
D. The man begins to take up collecting postcards.
7. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip.
B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.
C. She doesn’t think 5,000 dollars is enough for the trip.
D. She considers 5,000 dollars only a small sum of money.
8. A. He wants to buy the new car. B. He thinks his signature is necessary.
C. He has already signed a contract. D. He doesn’t always say what he means.
9. A. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.
B. The man must have advised the woman to wear the seat belt.
C. The woman was likely to have got seriously injured in the car accident.
D. The woman wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.
10. A. Violence sports are the source of social instability.
B. Violence sports are to blame for crime and school bullying.
C. Violence sports serve as an escape for negative emotions.
D. Violence sports won’t attract many people’s interest in the long run.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on the conversation and each of the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions LI through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To explain a new requirement for graduation.
B. To interest students in a community service project
C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students.
D. To involve elementary school teachers in a special program.
12. A. Providing jobs for graduating students.
B Helping education majors prepare for final exams.
C. Offering tutorials(辅导材料)to elementary school students.
D. Funding for a community service project.
13. A. He teaches part-time in a local elementary school.
B. He observes elementary school students in the classroom.
C. He helps students who need consult prepare their resume.
D. He gives support to students who participate in a special program.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They want to eat in a fashionable way like young people.
B. They prefer to eat food that is tastier and more widely accepted.
C. They become aware of the harm processed foods do to health.
D. They try to change their way of processing foods little by little.
15. A. They contain not too many chemical additives.
B. They are cultivated in the soil rich in organic matters.
C. They produce as many calories as processed foods.
D. They are usually grown in commercial farming areas.
16. A. They are allowed to move about and eat freely
B. They are tasty though kept in the crowded bunding
C. They can hardly grow in a healthy way without good food.
D. They produce eggs which usually contain important vitamins
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It was on a cross street. B. They had no time to see it.
C. It had no parking space. D. They weren’t in favor of it.
18. A. It is too small in size. B. It blocks the air-conditioner.
C. It admits heat from the late afternoon sun. D. It stops the sun beating down on the curtains.
19. A. Parking and desk space. B. Parking and air-conditioning.
C. Privacy and cleanliness. D. A cheerful kitchen and a separate dining area.
20. A. The one on 68th Street. B. The one on 72nd Street.
C. The one on 88th Street. D. The one on 80th Street.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A: Multiple choices
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. ________ 8.4 on the Richter scale, the earthquake ________ left thousands of people homeless.
A. Measured, happened B. Measured, happening
C. Measuring, that happened D. Measuring, to happen
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：这次发生的地震震级为里氏8.4级，导致数千人无家可归。第一空为非谓语动词，作状语，measure和the earthquake之间为主动关系，表示“地震震级为……”，应用现在分词形式，故排除A项和B项；第二空修饰空前的the earthquake，地震已经发生，并造成了严重的后果，因此不能用不定式结构作后置定语，而用定语从句进行限定。故选C。
2. According to the study’s lead author, the finding is________ there isn’t just one single health-related consequence of consuming coffee, ________that the reality is more complicated than that.
A. /, in B. that, / C. /, provided D. that, but
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句和连词。句意：根据该研究的主要作者的说法，这一发现表明，喝咖啡不仅会带来一个与健康相关的后果，而且现实情况比这更复杂。根据前文the finding is可知，空1处应用that引导表语从句，一般不省略；空2处可用并列连词but连接另一个表语从句。故选D项。
3. The great majority of research on the topic has been observational, ________ we just look at ________ happens to people who do and don’t drink coffee.
A. meant; which B. meaning; what C. which meant; what D. meaning; which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。句意：关于这个话题的绝大多数研究都是观察性的，也就是说我们只观察喝咖啡和不喝咖啡的人会发生什么。第一空可用非谓语动词或非限制性定语从句，用非谓语动词时，空处为状语，对空前内容进行补充说明，不存在被动的关系，应用现在分词的形式，故排除A项；用非限制性定语从句时，主句是现在完成时，从句是对主句进行解释说明，用一般现在时，故排除C项。分析句子可知，look at缺少宾语，第二空引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，需用连接代词what，故排除D项。故选B。
4. ________ a better idea of coffee’s immediate health effects, the authors found 100 healthy adults ________ 39 on average.
A. To get, aging B. Having got, aged C. To get, aged D. Getting, aging
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：为了更好地了解咖啡对健康的直接影响，作者找到了100名平均39岁的健康成年人。第一空作句子的状语，用非谓语动词，作者找人的目的是为了了解咖啡对健康的直接影响，应用不定式表示目的，故排除B项和D项。第二空作adults的后置定语，表示“平均39岁的健康成年人”，aging意为“变老的，变旧的”，只能放在名词的前面，aged作“年老的，年迈的”理解时，放在名词的前面，作“……岁的”理解时，和岁数一起使用，构成aged 25这样的固定搭配，只能放在名词的后面。故选C。
5. Spring________ still nearly a month away, the________ students are likely to get back soon.
A. is, remaining B. being, remaining C. is, remained D. being, remained
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：距离春天还有将近一个月的时间，其他的学生可能很快就会回来。分析句子结构可知，该句中没有连词，所以第一空应为非谓语动词，be动词与spring构成独立主格结构，两者间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式；第二空为非谓语动词作定语，remain与逻辑主语students之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词。故选B项。
6. ________you have access to stairs, there are numerous exercises you can do________ just two stairs.
A. Unless, to use B. While, using C. If, using D. When, use
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句和非谓语动词。句意：如果你可以利用楼梯，你可以用两个楼梯做很多运动。unless除非； while当……的时候； if如果； when在……时候；use使用。根据句意，“可以利用楼梯”是用楼梯进行锻炼的条件，所以用从属连词if引导条件状语从句；分析主句“there are numerous exercises you can do________ just two stairs.”可知，“用两个楼梯”作伴随状语，动词use是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，用现在分词using表示主动。故选C项。
7. When stretching your legs or arm muscles, you can use the stability of your central core muscles to ensure the rest of the body ________in proper alignment (排成直线).
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stays
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当拉伸腿部或手臂肌肉时，你可以利用中央核心肌肉的稳定性来确保身体的其他部分保持适当的对齐。“动词ensure+(that)从句”是固定句型，描述客观规律，应用一般现在时，主语the rest of the body是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选D项。
8. The expert gives patients this idea________ they need to walk 30 minutes a day, but a lot of arthritis patients fear to exercise ________they may find doing so initially painful.
A. which, when B. that, as C. /, because D. that, so
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句和原因状语从句。句意：专家告诉患者，他们需要每天走30分钟，但很多关节炎患者害怕锻炼，因为他们可能会发现锻炼一开始很痛苦。第一空引导同位语从句，说明idea的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导，不可省略，故排除A、C选项；第二空引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用as，故选B。
9. Bear in mind ________ there is a will there is a way, so it is never too late to start so long as you are ________ ready to give yourself an opportunity.
A. that; so B. where; too C. that where; too D. that if; so
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和状语从句以及副词。句意：记住，有志者事竟成，所以只要你准备好给自己一个机会，开始永远不会太晚。第一空后是谚语“有志者事竟成”的固定表达where there is a will there is a way，需用where引导地点状语从句，第一空bear缺少宾语，需用宾语从句，宾语从句中成分完整，用从连接词that引导，故排除A、B和D项。第二空too修饰ready，强调程度。故选C。
10. Some experts say that ________ to a variety of foods without pesticides (农药) is especially important throughout childhood.
A. exposing B. exposed C. having been exposed D. being exposed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些专家表示，在整个童年时期，接触各种无农药的食物尤为重要。be exposed to“接触”是固定短语；分析句子可知，空处作宾语从句中的主语，需用动名词形式。故选D。
11. Although masks can reduce the transmission of COVID-19, we should turn to healthier lifestyle choices ________decrease the risks of heart disease.
A. in order that B. such as to C. so as to D. so that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：虽然口罩可以减少新冠肺炎的传播，但我们应该选择更健康的生活方式，以降低心脏病的风险。A. in order that为了（连词）；B. such as to到了……的程度； C. so as to 为了；D. so that为了（连词）。结合句意可知，“降低心脏病的风险”是选择健康生活方式的目的，且空后是动词原形，应是目的状语，因此so as to符合题意。故选C。
12. It has been 10 years________ I read an interesting book about dietary supplements. I found it particularly beneficial before________ other practical suggestions.
A. before, giving B. since, being given C. after, giving D. since, given
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句引导词、非谓语动词。句意：我已经10年没有读过一本有趣的关于膳食补充剂的书了。在得到其他切实可行的建议之前，我发现它特别有益。分析句子结构，根据第一个空白处上文“has been”可知第一句话谓语动词使用了现在完成时，时间状语从句应表达“自从……以来”含义，所以第一个空白处填since。因第二个空白处前面有介词，可知空白处应填动名词，因空白处与逻辑主语I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应填动名词的被动式，综合以上判断，B项符合以上分析，故选B项。
13. Pie, pita, torta, tarte. ________it’s called, the idea applies across the globe because everyone loves a piece of filled, ________goodness.
A. However, baked B. No matter how, baking
C. No matter what, baked D. Whatever, baking
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、非谓语动词。句意：馅饼，皮塔饼，意大利卷饼，馅饼。无论它叫什么，这个想法都适用于全球。每个人都喜欢一块填满的、烤好的食物。分析句子结构，这是一个包含状语从句的复合句，第一空引导让步状语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指物，可用whatever/no matter what引导。分析第二个空白处，因第二个空白处在句子中作定语修饰后面名词goodness，应使用非谓语动词，因两者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词。综上，故选C项。
14. Classic American apple and cherry varieties might be the first dishes ________ to mind ________ the word “pie” is mentioned.
A. to come, when B. coming, provided that
C. that came, when D. to come, on the grounds that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和状语从句。句意：当提到“派”这个词时，人们首先想到的可能是经典的美国苹果和樱桃品种。第一空修饰dishes，可用定语从句或非谓语动词，用定语从句时，句子在叙述现在的规律性的事实，从句应用一般现在时，故排除C项；用非谓语动词时，dishes前有the first修饰，需用不定式，故排除B项。第二空引导状语从句，表示提到“派”这个词的时候，应用when来引导，on the grounds that引导的是原因状语从句，不符合句意。故选A。
15. Considering the tight schedule, I decided to accept his advice on me________ a couple of hours’ sleep on the plane.
A. to grab B. having grabbed C. grabbing D. grabbed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑到日程安排紧张，我决定接受他让我在飞机上睡几个小时的建议。advice on“关于……的建议”，on是介词，因此空处用grab的动名词形式和me构成动名词复合结构作宾语。故选C。
16. The show will________ this week at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. Shall we have dinner together after watching the show?
A. bounce away B. leave off C. hang out D. kick off
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这场展览将于本周在旧金山的莫斯科尼中心开幕。看完展览我们一起吃晚饭好吗？A. bounce away弹开；B. leave off停止，中断；C. hang out闲逛；D. kick off开始（某种活动）。根据“this week”和“after watching the show”可知，此处指展览即将开幕。故选D。
17. Usually, I feel exhausted after a tiring day so when I get home I like to________ on the sofa and listen to music.
A. collapse B. breathe C. embrace D. bend
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，在劳累了一天后，我会感到筋疲力尽，所以当我回到家时，我喜欢瘫坐在沙发上听音乐。A. collapse躺下放松；B. breathe呼吸；C. embrace拥抱；D. bend弯曲。根据上文“I feel exhausted after a tiring day”可知，此处指躺在沙发上听音乐放松。故选A。
18. Concerned about the worst drought on record, the farmers________ the government for help.
A turned over B. crowded out C. appealed to D. knocked down
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：由于担心有史以来最严重的干旱，农民们向政府请求帮助。A. turned over翻身，翻转；B. crowded out挤出，推开；C. appealed to呼吁；D. knocked down撞倒。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意，表示“呼吁”应为appeal to，此处描述的过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时态，所以使用appealed to。故选C项。
19. You can imagine how many people must have sacrificed their precious lives in the________ of the American West considering the unfavorable conditions at that time.
A. entertainment B. measurement C. arrangement D. settlement
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象，考虑到当时的不利条件，有多少人在美国西部的开拓中牺牲了宝贵的生命。A. entertainment娱乐；B. measurement测量；C. arrangement安排；D. settlement定居，开拓。根据下文“of the American West considering the unfavorable conditions at that time.”和历史常识可知，此处指美国西进运动中对西部的开拓。故选D。
20. It was a pity that he was________ in the selection process for the director of the admissions office. He had been hoping for the position for a long time.
A. sliced off B. passed over C. settled down D. crowded around
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：很遗憾，他在招生办公室主任的选拔过程中被淘汰了。他想得到这个职位已经很久了。A. sliced off切开；B. passed over淘汰；C. settled down定居；D. crowded around围拢。根据上文pity以及后文“He had been hoping for the position for a long time.”可知是选拔过程中被淘汰了。故选B。
Section B: Vocabulary
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. short B. flavor C. specifically D. impressive E. efficiently
AB. emphasis AC. stuck AD. involved AE. consumed BC. impact
BD. decline
There’s no cure or proven way to prevent dementia (痴呆), but a number of studies have said that following a Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of developing the condition.
The Mediterranean diet has a(n) ____21____ list of science behind it. This way of eating can prevent cognitive (认知的) ____22____ but also help the heart, reduces diabetes, prevent bone loss, encourage weight loss and more, studies have found.
A study published on March 8 revealed people who ____23____ foods from the Mediterranean and brain-focused MIND diets had fewer of the typical signs of Alzheimer’s. The MIND diet is ____24____ for Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay.
The Mediterranean diet focuses on plant-based cooking. The majority of each meal should be fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans and seeds, along with a few nuts. There is a heavy ____25____ on extra-virgin (特级初榨的) olive oil.
Meat can make a rare appearance and usually only to ____26____ a dish. Instead, meals may include eggs, dairy and poultry, but in much smaller portions than in the traditional Western diet.
Participants who ____27____ most closely to the diet were more likely to be female, have a BMI within the healthy range, have a higher educational level, and be more physically active than those with lower persistence in the diet.
David Curtis, an honorary professor at UCL Genetics Institute in London, who was not ____28____ in the research, noted that the latest study was observational and did not uncover cause and effect. The finding could reflect a generally more healthy lifestyle, he said.
“It is not clear that such a diet itself reduces dementia risk, although it is reasonable that it might do so. It is important to note that the study concerns all forms of dementia, not ____29____ Alzheimer’s disease. In my opinion, if there is an effect of diet then it is more likely to be on cardiovascular (心血管的) health in general and hence to _____30_____ dementia due to disease of blood vessels rather than Alzheimer’s disease.”
【答案】21. D
22. BD 23. AE 24. A 25. AB 26. B 27. AC 28. AD 29. C 30. BC
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地中海饮食的特点及其对痴呆症的功效。
21题详解】
考查形容词。句意：地中海饮食背后有一系列令人印象深刻的科学依据。根据下文“can prevent cognitive (认知的) 　　2　　 but also help the heart, reduces diabetes, prevent bone loss, encourage weight loss and more”可知，地中海饮食对健康有诸多引人瞩目的功效；空格处用形容词impressive作定语，意为“给人印象深刻的；引人瞩目的”。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究发现，这种饮食方式可以防止认知能力下降，还可以帮助心脏，减少糖尿病，防止骨质流失，促进减肥等等。根据句中“prevent”和“reduces diabetes, prevent bone loss”可知，句中讲的是地中海饮食的功效，所以“防止认知能力下降”是其作用之一，用名词decline作宾语，意为“下降”。故选BD项。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：3月8日发表的一项研究显示，吃地中海饮食和以大脑为中心的MIND饮食的人患老年痴呆症的典型症状较少。上文介绍了地中海饮食的功效，结合句中“people”和“had fewer of the typical signs of Alzheimer’s”可推知，句中说的是“吃”地中海饮食的人患老年痴呆症的典型症状较少。故选AE项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词短语。句意：MIND饮食是地中海-DASH饮食干预神经退行性延迟的简称。根据“MIND”和“Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay”可知，“MIND”是后面几个单词首字母构成，是其简称；be short for...“是……的简称”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：特级初榨橄榄油的用量很大。根据上文“The Mediterranean diet focuses on plant-based cooking. The majority of each meal should be fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans and seeds, along with a few nuts.”可知，地中海饮食以植物类食材为主，由些推知，它重在初榨橄榄油的使用；emphasis表示“强调，重在”。故选AB项。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：肉很少出现，通常只是为了给菜调味。根据句中“Meat can make a rare appearance”可推知，很少用肉，它作为调味；flavor“给（食物或饮料）调味；加味于”。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：最坚持这种饮食的参与者更有可能是女性，她们的身体质量指数在健康范围内，受教育程度更高，而且比那些不太能坚持这种饮食的人更活跃。根据句中“than those with lower persistence in the diet”句中比较了“最坚持这种饮食的”女性和那些“不太能坚持这种饮食的人”的状语；stick to“坚持”，此处用的事一般过去时，故选AC项。
【28题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：没有参与这项研究的伦敦大学学院遗传学研究所名誉教授戴维·柯蒂斯指出，最新的研究是观察性的，没有揭示因果关系。根据句中“in the research”可推知，定语从句中说的是戴维·柯蒂斯没有参与这项研究；be involved in“参与……”。故选AD项。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，这项研究涉及所有形式的痴呆症，而不是只涉及阿尔茨海默病。根据句中“the study concerns all forms of dementia”可知，该研究并不是专门针对阿尔茨海默病；specifically“特意，专门地”。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：在我看来，如果饮食有影响，那么它更有可能对心血管健康产生影响，从而影响由血管疾病引起的痴呆，而不是阿尔茨海默病。根据句中“if there is an effect of diet”可知，句中说的是饮食行为影响痴呆症；impact“（对……）产生影响”。故选BC项。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A: Cloze
Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
February is an exciting month for our Courageous Kitchen(CK)! One of our founders, Dwight Turner will be speaking at the press conference this week. The event is hosted by the Thailand Authority of Tourism(TAT).
Here’s a peek into TAT’s interview with Dwight, where he discusses starting Courageous Kitchen, and ____31____ his personal passion for food with his mission to feed and educate more children in Bangkok.
1. How did you start CK and what is your ____32____ ?
Courageous Kitchen began because I was looking for a way to ____33____ in my free time, but I didn’t know what to do. When a friend invited me to help teach English in a few poorer communities, I fell in love with it. Gradually I wanted to ____34____ more and more.
Later when I moved outside of the city center, we had space for a kitchen and I began to combine my two ____35____. Quickly we learned that the kitchen is a great classroom. Students who were shy about speaking English suddenly had ____36____, an application, and an urgency to speak in the kitchen. As their language skills improved, so did their ____37____.
2. Why do you use food as a medium to help you achieve your goals?
I love to eat and Bangkok is full of food and food enthusiasts. So it’s a great way to get people’s attention and bring them together for a ____38____. This is true even when it may seem like we don’t have anything ____39____. We may speak a different language, have different skin color, but when we sit at the table together, we share and learn about each other.
3. What do you think of Thai food? What makes Thai cuisine outstanding to you?
I love Thai food because of the _____40_____ of influences on the cuisine. There is such a significant Indian influence, the Chinese influence is probably the strongest, and there’s an interesting impact from the hill tribes and neighboring countries in the region as well.
4. Why are you interested in helping society, and helping underprivileged kids in Bangkok?
As a Black American I was raised with a strong sense of social _____41_____ that all people are valuable, and that all people should be treated equally. Until this becomes a(n) _____42_____, we have a lot of work to do to create a better future for today’s kids. That’s true all over the world, but trying to solve global problems can seem _____43_____. That’s why it’s best to start by being the change we want to see in our local communities.
5. As a nonprofit what do you expect to get in return for you work?
As a nonprofit, my job is challenging but _____44_____ every day. It’s a challenge to captivate people’s attention long enough to sympathize with people in need, and convince them to take action. _____45_____, seeing students, who may have never been in a real restaurant before, imagining themselves as chefs, speaking English more confidently, and becoming leaders in their families is a pretty great reward.
31. A. challenging B. appealing C. encountering D. connecting
32. A. interest B. objective C. reason D. appetite
33. A. give back B. look out C. hang on D. break out
34. A. grab B. crush C. contribute D. insist
35. A. opinions B. experiences C. hobbies D. passions
36. A. situation B. context C. practice D. activity
37. A. relief B. belief C. confidence D. breath
38. A. union B. strategy C. gathering D. purpose
39. A. in mind B. in hand C. in common D. in pocket
40. A. liberation B. diversity C. freedom D. isolation
41. A. justice B. responsibility C. judgement D. shock
42. A. means B. reality C. interpretation D. argument
43. A. boring B. inviting C. overwhelming D. disappointing
44. A. appealing B. rewarding C. convincing D. pleasing
45. A. However B. Furthermore C. Consequently D. Therefore
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章是泰国旅游局对Dwight的采访记录，Dwight成功创办了“勇敢厨房”，将他个人对食物的爱好与他在曼谷为更多孩子提供食物和教育的使命联系起来。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：以下是泰国旅游局对Dwight的采访，他在采访中谈到了创办“勇敢厨房”，并将他个人对食物的爱好与他在曼谷为更多孩子提供食物和教育的使命联系起来。A. challenging挑战；B. appealing呼吁，有吸引力；C. encountering遭遇；D. connecting联结，联系。根据语境和后文“his personal passion for food with his mission to feed and educate more children”及后文“Later when I moved outside of the city center, we had space for a kitchen and I began to combine my two ____5____.”可知，他将他个人对食物的爱好，以及他养活和教育更多孩子的使命联系起来。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你是如何创办CK并且你的目标是什么？A. interest兴趣；B. objective目的，目标；C. reason理由，原因。D. appetite欲望，爱好。根据后文“Courageous Kitchen began because I was looking for a way to ____3____ in my free time, but I didn’t know what to do.”可知，此处问的是Dwight的目标。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“勇敢厨房”之所以成立，是因为我想在空闲时间找到一种回馈社会的方式，但我不知道该怎么做。A. give back归还；B. look out当心；C. hang on抓紧不放，不要挂断，D. break out爆发。根据语境和前文“Courageous Kitchen began”及后文“4. Why are you interested in helping society, and helping underprivileged kids in Bangkok?”可知，Dwight想要回馈社会所以创办“勇敢厨房”。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我想为社会做更多贡献。A. grab抓住；B. crush压碎；C. contribute贡献；D. insist坚决要求。根据前文“When a friend invited me to help teach English in a few poorer communities, I fell in love with it.”和后文“4. Why are you interested in helping society, and helping underprivileged kids in Bangkok?”可知，Dwight想为社会做更多贡献。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，当我搬到市中心以外的地方时，我们有了一个厨房的空间，我开始把我的两个爱好结合起来。A. opinions意见；B. experiences经验；C. hobbies业余爱好，嗜好；D. passions激情，狂热的爱。根据前文“and ____1____ his personal passion for food with his mission to feed and educate more children”及后文“Quickly we learned that the kitchen is a great classroom.”可知，Dwight把个人对食物的热爱和对孩子们的热爱结合起来。hobby“业余爱好，嗜好”不符合句意。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些羞于说英语的学生突然有了语境，有了应用，有了在厨房说话的紧迫感。A. situation形式；B. context语境；C. practice练习；D. activity活动。根据前文“Students who were shy about speaking English”及后文“an urgency to speak in the kitchen”可知，羞于说英语的学生在厨房不得不使用英语，这样学生就有了说英语的语言环境。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着他们语言技能的提高，他们的信心也在增强。A. relief宽慰；B. belief信念；C. confidence信心；D. breath呼吸。根据语境和前文“As their language skills improved”可知，随着语言技能的提高，孩子们的信心也在增强。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，这是一个吸引人们注意力并将他们聚集在一起聚会的好方法。A. union协会，联盟；B. strategy策略；C. gathering聚集，聚会；D. purpose目的，意图。根据前文“So it’s a great way to get people’s attention and bring them together”可知，此处指让人们聚集在一起。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这是真的，即使看起来我们没有任何共同之处。A. in mind在心里；B. in hand在手头；C. in common共有的，有共同点的；D. in pocket在掌握之中。根据后文“We may speak a different language, have different skin color”可知，这些人看起来没有什么共同之处。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢泰国菜，因为它的烹饪受到了多样性的影响。A. liberation解放；B. diversity差异，多样性；C. freedom自由；D. isolation隔离。根据后文“There is such a significant Indian influence, the Chinese influence is probably the strongest, and there’s an interesting impact from the hill tribes and neighboring countries in the region as well.”可知，泰国菜受到多样性的影响。故选B项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名美国黑人，我从小就被灌输了强烈的社会正义感，即所有人都是有价值的，所有人都应该得到平等对待。A. justice公平，正义；B. responsibility责任；C. judgement判断；D. shock震惊。根据后文“that all people are valuable, and that all people should be treated equally”可知，此处指“公平正义”。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这成为现实之前，我们还有很多工作要做，为今天的孩子们创造一个更美好的未来。A. means方法；B. reality现实；C. interpretation解释，说明。D. argument争论，论点。根据语境和后文“we have a lot of work to do to create a better future for today’s kids”可知，Dwight努力工作要让孩子们的美好未来成为现实。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界各地都是如此，但试图解决全球问题的难度似乎是巨大的。A. boring令人厌倦的；B. inviting诱人的；C. overwhelming巨大的，无法抗拒的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据语境和后文“That’s why it’s best to start by being the change we want to see in our local communities.”可知，解决全球问题的难度是巨大的，所以先从身边做起。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个非营利组织，我的工作充满挑战，但每天都有回报。A. appealing呼吁，有吸引力；B. rewarding奖励，回报；C. convincing使确信；D. pleasing使高兴。根据后文“____15____, seeing students, who may have never been in a real restaurant before, imagining themselves as chefs, speaking English more confidently, and becoming leaders in their families is a pretty great reward.”可知，Dwight认为每天都有回报。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，看到那些可能从未去过真正餐厅的学生，把自己想象成厨师，更自信地说英语，并成为他们家庭的领导者，这是一个相当大的回报。A. However然而；B. Furthermore此外，而且；C. Consequently结果，因此；D. Therefore因此。后文“seeing students, who may have never been in a real restaurant before, imagining themselves as chefs, speaking English more confidently, and becoming leaders in their families is a pretty great reward”和前文之间是转折关系。故选A项。
Section B: Reading comprehension
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
For 38-year-old Justin Herald, the journey to wealth began one Sunday morning at a church in Sydney's northwest, when he was involved in a quarrel with a member of the church choir. "You have an attitude problem," she told him.
The accusation sparked something in him, and he borrowed $50 from his brother to have four T-shirts printed with the slogan: "I don't have an attitude problem; you have a perception problem."
"It was the best $50 I ever spent," laughs Herald. By the end of the morning, he had sold three of the four T-shirts. With the money he made, he had another six printed, then 12, then 24. "That first year the earning were $98,000," he says.
His business, Attitude Inc., is now a multi-million-dollar company with a wide range of products selling in 3,500 stores across Australia. His business was due to not just clever marketing - the public loved the slogan - but also he has to admit that in those days there was very little competition in his sector of the clothing industry, and he was in the right place at the right time.
The media spotlight also helped, with people paying attention to Herald's likeable personality and infections passion for his business: the night of one TV appearance, 187 stores rang to get his products into their stores.
Herald sold the business three years ago, by which time it was turning over $30 million a year, and now spends his time as a motivational speaker. His message: anyone can be financially successful if they set their mind to it. "You have to have a lot of stickability, because not everything is going to work the way you plan it."
Still living in Castle Hill with his wife and two children, Herald believes too many successful people become caught up in the trappings of wealth. "I have lived here since I left school at 16," he says. "In this area, you don't forget where you came from."
46. Why does Herald think it was the best $50 he ever spent?
A. Because that sum of money covered the cost of four T-shirt
B. Because that sum of money showed his accusation was wrong.
C. Because he received that sum of money when he was in need.
D. Because he gained more than expected from that sum of money.
47. According to Herald, the success of his business resulted from _________.
A. good timing and cooperation B. business sense and luck
C. fierce competition and passion D. family background and motivation
48. The underlined word "stickability" （paragraph 6） is closest in meaning to _________.
A. competence B. conscience C. persistence D. fortune
49. The best title for the passage might be _________
A. Attitude Pays Off B. No Bravery, No Gains
C. Start a Business D. Never Too Old to Challenge Yourself
【答案】46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Justin Herald的致富的过程，强调了他的坚持使他富有。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“By the end of the morning, he had sold three of the four T-shirts. With the money he made, he had another six printed, then 12, then 24. "That first year the earning were $98,000," he says.（到上午结束时，他已经卖出了四件t恤中的三件。用赚来的钱，他又印了6张，然后是12张，然后是24张。 “第一年的收入是9.8万美元，”他说。）”可知，Herald认为这是他花过的最好的50美元是因为他从那笔钱中获得了超出预期的收益。故选D。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“His business was due to not just clever marketing - the public loved the slogan - but also he has to admit that in those days there was very little competition in his sector of the clothing industry, and he was in the right place at the right time.（他的生意不仅因为高明的市场营销——公众喜欢这个口号——而且他不得不承认，当时他所在的服装行业几乎没有竞争，而且他在正确的时间出现在了正确的地方。）”可知，据Herald说，他生意的成功源于商业意识和运气，故选B。
【48题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“anyone can be financially successful if they set their mind to it（只要下定决心，任何人都可以在经济上获得成功）”及“because not everything is going to work the way you plan it（因为并不是所有事情都能按照你的计划进行） ”可知，并不是所有事情都能按照你的计划进行，因此要下定决心，坚持下去，也就是要有毅力，划线词stickability的意思是“坚持不懈”，即persistence，故选C。
【49题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“The accusation sparked something in him, and he borrowed $50 from his brother to have four T-shirts printed with the slogan: "I don't have an attitude problem; you have a perception problem."（这一指控触动了他的内心，他向哥哥借了50美元，买了四件t恤，上面印着这样的标语： “我没有态度问题;你的看法有问题。”）”可知，本文主要讲的是Justin Herald的致富的过程，并说明了他变得富有是因为他有坚持不懈的态度，因此最好的题目是A选项“Attitude Pays Off（态度得到了回报）”，故选A。
(B)

In Factfulness, Professor Hans Roslingasks raises questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out that the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several human instincts that distort(扭曲)our perspective. This book focuses on our instinctive biases(偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.

Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being.

For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child| mortality are falling. Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history-from the Stone Age to the 21st century—and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill.

The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. This is happening across developing countries around the world. In his book The Great Surge, Stevens Radelet describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can speed up the process.

50. What is the common feature of the four books?
A. They focus on the present situations concerning developing countries.
B. They emphasize the importance of dealing with problems in poor countries.
C. They try to direct readers to a positive path in terms of human development.
D. They appeal to show more sympathy and understanding for poor countries.
51. Which author supports his arguments by providing factual evidence?
A. Hans Roslingasks. B. Steven Pinker. C. Matt Ridley. D. Stevens Radelet.
52. Which of the following can be a possible title for Book 3?
A. The Rational Optimist. B. Human History: Where Are We?
C. A Public Debate. D. Out of Povetty: What and How?
【答案】50. C 51. B 52. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书，这四本书的共同点是试图引导读者在人类发展方面有积极的看法
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一部分的“Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several human instincts that distort(扭曲)our perspective. This book focuses on our instinctive biases(偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.(《事实》试图解释其中的原因，表明人类有几种本能会扭曲我们的视角。这本书关注的是我们本能的偏见，提供实用的建议，帮助我们看到世界上好的一面和坏的一面)”，第二部分的“Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. (事情一天比一天糟糕吗？进步是一个不可能实现的目标吗？在《启蒙运动》中，史蒂文·平克着眼于人类进步的大局，发现了好消息。我们活得更长、更健康、更自由、更幸福)”，第三部分的“But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child| mortality are falling.(但事实上，生活正在变得越来越好。收入、粮食供应和寿命都在增加；疾病、暴力和儿童死亡率正在下降)”和最后一部分的“The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty.(大多数人认为，发展中国家正处于可怕的境地：遭受着令人难以置信的贫困和战争。现实情况是，一场巨大的变革正在发生。在过去的20年里，超过7亿人增加了收入，摆脱了贫困)”可知，这四本书的共同点是：它们试图引导读者在人类发展方面有积极的看法。故选C。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二部分的“Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data.(Pinker要求我们不要再过分关注那些宣告世界末日的负面新闻和头条新闻。相反，他向我们展示了一些精心挑选的数据)”推知，Steven Pinker通过提供事实证据来支持他的论点。故选B。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三部分“For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child| mortality are falling. Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history-from the Stone Age to the 21st century—and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill.(两百多年来，那些持有负面想法的人一直在公众辩论中获胜。他们告诉我们情况越来越糟。但事实上，生活正在变得越来越好。收入、粮食供应和寿命都在增加；疾病、暴力和儿童死亡率正在下降。畅销书作家Matt Ridley不仅解释了情况是如何好转的；他也给了我们理由。他向我们展示了由于思想交流和专业化，人类文化是如何朝着积极的方向发展的。这本大胆的书审视了从石器时代到21世纪的整个人类历史，并改变了一切都在走下坡路的观念)”可知，这本书通过展示人类积极发展的真相主反驳那持负面想法的人，指出人们有理由看到积极的方面。由此推知“理性乐观派”可以作为本书的标题。故选A。
(C)
From Smells to Soundtracks
When a young sawfly, a bee-like insect, is threatened by its attackers like ants, it emits a mixture of unpleasant smells to defend itself. These emissions can seriously annoy a potential enemy.
Scientists wanting to study these smelly compounds—to understand which aspects of them discourage attackers and why—face great challenges. Meetups between sawflies and ants in a lab are difficult to carry out. There are also a very limited quantity of the insects’ emissions. On the side, Jean-Luc Boevé, a zoologist who studies insects, from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, is an amateur musician and composer. He decided to try a different way—the sound approach. “To be honest, I considered this project so unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was months before Boevé and his partner, Rudi Giot, finally made a resolution to get started on it.
They chose 16 sawfly species’ emissions to translate into sounds. First, they figured out which molecules (分子) were present in each smelly compound and in what amounts. Then they assigned various characteristics of those molecules matching properties of sound. For example, smaller molecules like a kind of acid found in vinegar, a sour-tasting liquid, evaporate (挥发) quickly, so Boevé and Giot assigned them sounds with higher pitch ( 音 高 ). Larger molecules were given lower-pitched sounds. In all, the scientists created individual audio descriptions for 20 molecules. Then they combined the sounds of each molecule present in a sawfly’s smell to construct the insect’s soundtrack. If a molecule was of higher proportion in an emission, they assigned it a higher volume. In such a case, the smaller a molecule is, the higher its pitch will be; and the higher the proportion of a molecule is, the higher its volume will be.
To test out the audio descriptions they created, Boevé and Giot examined people’s reactions to the soundtracks and compared them to ants’ reactions to the original smells. They played the 16 emission soundtracks and the 20 molecule sounds through speakers to about 50 study participants. Then the scientists measured how far people backed up to get to a “comfortable position” away from the noise. Most of the study volunteers told the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high volume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and volunteers moved away from a chemical and its matching soundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrote.
Boevé said he hoped the process would give other zoologists a new way to compare sawflies’ chemical defenses with those from other insects. It may also offer researchers clues about which molecules fight off enemies most.
53. What do we know about Boevé from paragraph 2?
A. He was devoted to the research for several months.
B. He started a new approach after months’ hesitation.
C. He came up with a creative idea thanks to a composer.
D. He was faced with difficulties in studying rare sawflies.
54. What can be concluded in terms of the sound approach?
A. The volume of sounds is based on the proportion of molecules.
B. Smaller molecules and lower pitch share similar characteristics.
C. Audio descriptions of the molecules can be divided into 16 kinds.
D. Participants were required to compare the sounds with the smells.
55. From paragraphs 4 and 5, we can learn that ________.
A. the soundtracks are more than what humans are likely to bear
B. the ants dislike the sounds as much as humans hate the smells
C. humans’ reactions to the sounds resemble ants’ responses to the smells
D other zoologists are looking for innovative ways of studying molecules
56. This passage is mainly intended to ________.
A. explain ways to transfer smells into soundtracks
B. introduce research on sawfly’s effect on humans
C. demonstrate a scientific study on insects’smells
D. test out people’s reaction to various soundtracks
【答案】53. B 54. A 55. C 56. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对昆虫气味的科学研究。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““To be honest, I considered this project so unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was months before Boevé and his partner, Rudi Giot, finally made a resolution to get started on it. ”(“说实话，我自己认为这个项目太不切实际了，所以我把它搁置了，”他说。几个月后，Boevé和他的搭档鲁迪·乔特(Rudi Giot)终于下定决心开始这项工作。)说明犹豫了几个月后，他开始采用新的方法。故选B项。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“If a molecule was of higher proportion in an emission, they assigned it a higher volume.”（如果一个分子在任务中所占比例更高，他们就会给它分配更高的音量。）说明声音的大小取决于分子的比例。故选A项。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Most of the study volunteers told the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high volume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and volunteers moved away from a chemical and its matching soundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrote. ”（大多数参与研究的志愿者告诉研究人员，高音和高音量是他们退缩的原因。研究人员写道:“蚂蚁和志愿者分别远离了一种化学物质及其匹配的音乐。”）说明人类对声音的反应类似于蚂蚁对气味的反应。故选C项。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boevé said he hoped the process would give other zoologists a new way to compare sawflies’ chemical defenses with those from other insects. It may also offer researchers clues about which molecules fight off enemies most.”（Boevé说，他希望这一过程能给其他动物学家提供一种新的方法来比较锯叶蜂与其他昆虫的化学防御能力。它还可能为研究人员提供线索，说明哪些分子最能击退敌人。）结合标题“From Smells to Soundtracks”，说明这篇文章主要是为了演示对昆虫气味的科学研究。故选C项。
(D)
A recent study published in the journal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third among countries contributing to coastal plastic pollution. The new research challenges the once-held assumption that the US is adequately “managing” its plastic waste. A previous study using 2010 data that did not account for plastic waste exports had ranked the US 20th, globally, in its contribution to ocean plastic pollution.
Using plastic waste generation (产生) data from 2016 — the latest available global numbers — scientists calculated that more than half of all plastics collected for recycling (1.99 million tons of 3.91 million tons collected) in the US were shipped abroad. Of this, 88% of exports went to countries struggling to effectively manage plastics; and between 15-25% was low-value or contaminated (受污染的). It means it was unrecyclable. Taking these factors into account, the researchers estimated that up to 1 million tons of US-generated plastic waste ended up polluting the environment beyond its own borders.
Using 2016 data, the paper also estimated that between 0.91 and 1.25 million tons of plastic waste generated in the US was either littered or illegally dumped into the environment domestically. Combined with waste exports, this means the US contributed up to 2.25 million tons of plastics into the environment. Of this, up to 1.5 million tons of plastics ended up in coastal environments. This ranks the US as high as third globally in contributing to coastal plastic pollution.
“The US generates the most plastic waste of any other country in the world, but rather than looking the problem in the eye, we have outsourced it to developing countries,” said Nick Mallos, senior director of Ocean Conservancy’s Trash Free Seas program and a co-author of the study. “The solution has to start at home. We need to create less, by cutting out unnecessary single-use plastics; we need to create better, by developing innovative new ways to package and deliver goods; and where plastics are inevitable, we need to greatly improve our recycling rates.”
“Previous research has provided global values for plastic input into the environment and coastal areas, but detailed analyses like this one are important for individual countries to further assess their contributions,” said Dr. Jenna Jambeck, Distinguished Professor at the University of Georgia’s College of Engineering and a co-author of the study. “In the case of the United States, it is critically important that we examine our own backyard and take responsibility for our global plastic footprint.”
57. Compared with the previous study, the new one ________.
A. covers data more comprehensively
B. excludes plastic waste shipped abroad
C. is contrary to the latest global numbers
D. challenges the recycling way of plastics
58. According to 2016 data, what can be learned about the plastic waste generated in the US?
A. Over half of it ended up polluting the environment outside the US.
B. Most of its exported plastic waste wasn’t worth recycling.
C. Less than half of it was actually recycled domestically.
D. More of it is littered or illegally dumped than exported.
59. It is implied by Nick Mallos that ________.
A. plastic pollution in developing countries is more serious
B. US has been irresponsible in dealing with its plastic waste
C. US should cooperate with others to handle its plastic waste
D. innovative means are needed to eliminate single-use plastics
60. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Plastic Pollution Great Risk to Marine Life
B. US Top Contributor to Coastal Plastic Pollution
C. Plastic Waste Major Source of Coastal Pollution
D. Recycling Effective Way to Address Plastic Waste
【答案】57. A 58. C 59. B 60. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三，并对相关情况进行介绍。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“A previous study using 2010 data that did not account for plastic waste exports had ranked the US 20th, globally, in its contribution to ocean plastic pollution.（此前的一项研究使用了2010年的数据，但未考虑塑料垃圾出口，将美国对海洋塑料污染的贡献排在全球第20位。）”可以推出，比起先前的研究，新的研究数据更加全面，所以A选项“covers data more comprehensively（覆盖数据更加全面）”为正确选项。故选A项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Using plastic waste generation (产生) data from 2016 — the latest available global numbers — scientists calculated that more than half of all plastics collected for recycling (1.99 million tons of 3.91 million tons collected) in the US were shipped abroad.（利用2016年的塑料垃圾产生数据(全球可获得的最新数据)，科学家们计算出，在美国收集的用于回收的塑料中，有一半以上(391万吨中有199万吨)被运往海外。）”可以推知，只有不到一半的垃圾在国内被回收。故选C项。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句““The US generates the most plastic waste of any other country in the world, but rather than looking the problem in the eye, we have outsourced it to developing countries,” said Nick Mallos（海洋保护协会无垃圾海洋项目高级主任、该研究报告的合著者尼克·马洛斯说:“美国产生的塑料垃圾比世界上任何其他国家都多，但我们没有正视这个问题，而是把它外包给了发展中国家。”）”可推知，美国在处理塑料垃圾方面一直很不负责任。故选B项。
【60题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“A recent study published in the journal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third among countries contributing to coastal plastic pollution.（最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三。）” 和最后一句“In the case of the United States, it is critically important that we examine our own backyard and take responsibility for our global plastic footprint.（就美国而言，至关重要的是我们要检查自己的后院，并对我们的全球塑料足迹负责。）”可知本文主要是在介绍美国是沿海塑料垃圾头号罪魁祸首，所以B选项“US Top Contributor to Coastal Plastic Pollution（美国沿海塑料污染的头号贡献者）”为最合适的标题。故选B项。
IV: Grammar
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Women’s National Basketball Association (W. N. B. A) is an American professional basketball league. Women’s college basketball never saw the scale of talent that ____61____ sees today.
The extremely famous and successful stars leading Iowa and Louisiana State to the N. C. A. A. women’s basketball championship game on Sunday — a first for both teams — are two of ____62____ (well-known)players in the country, with some of the most profitable marketing deals among college athletes. All four players are likely ____63____ (be)household names well beyond college. They’ve already achieved a significant level of individual fame, and, ____64____ they reach the W. N. B. A., they are well prepared for long professional careers. They are ____65____ the lucky few.
The opportunities in basketball for many female athletes peak at the Final Four. The spotlight is rarely brighter, and beyond the trophy (奖品) ____66____ (await)Sunday’s winner is the earning potential newly available to the excellent women. Players across the country ____67____ lack the star power of Reese or Clark are still able to make money within their fan bases.
Each spring the W. N. B. A. faces a problem ____68____ hundreds of women compete strongly for 144 spots in the world’s most prestigious professional women’s basketball league. Only 36 players are chosen.
Clark has continuous 41-point performances, and her semi-final win came against the tournament’s odds-on (很可能发生的) favorite, South Carolina. Reese, ____69____ (label) as the Bayou Barbie, has been a scoring and rebounding machine all season as Louisiana State drew record crowds even before the tournament.
Even with the sport setting records for game attendance and TV viewership, there remains a sky-high barrier for entry into the W. N. B. A., where there are just 12 teams. In last year’s competition, just 17 players chosen _____70_____ (make)a team’s opening day roster (候选名单).
【答案】61. it 62. best-known
63. to be 64. before
65. of 66. awaiting
67. who##that
68. that 69. labelled
70. to make
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女子大学篮球为美国国家女子篮球协会培养了大量的人才。
【61题详解】
考查代词。句意：女子大学篮球从来没有像今天这样有如此规模的人才。此处代指前句所提到的Women’s college basketball，应用代词it。故填it。
【62题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这两位非常著名和成功的明星将带领爱荷华州和路易斯安那州的两支球队参加周日的美国大学体育协会女子篮球锦标赛，这是两支球队的第一次。她们是美国最知名的两名球员，在大学运动员中有一些最有利可图的营销交易。结合句意，此处表示“最知名的”，应用形容词最高级形式。故填best-known。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这四位球员很可能在大学毕业后就家喻户晓了。固定搭配be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。故填to be。
【64题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：她们已经取得了相当大的个人名气，在进入美国国家女子篮球协会之前，她们已经为长期的职业生涯做好了充分的准备。结合句意可知，应用before，表示“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。故填before。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：她们是少数幸运儿。此处表示“……之中的”，应用介词of。故填of。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：聚光灯很少比这更亮，除了等待周日获胜者的奖杯之外，还有优秀女性新获得的收入潜力。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词the trophy与await之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填awaiting。
【67题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：全国各地的球员，即使没有里斯或克拉克那样的明星效应，也能从他们的粉丝群中赚钱。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是Players，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
【68题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：每年春天，美国国家女子篮球协会都会面临这样一个问题：数百名女性激烈竞争世界上最负盛名的职业女子篮球联赛的144个名额。分析句子结构可知，本句为同位语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
【69题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为“河口芭比娃娃”的里斯整个赛季都是得分和篮板机器，路易斯安那州立大学甚至在锦标赛之前就吸引了创纪录的观众。固定搭配be labelled as“被认为……”，省略be动词，使用过去分词，在句中作定语。故填labelled。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在去年的比赛中，只有17名球员入选了球队的揭幕战名单。固定搭配be chosen to do sth.“被选择做某事”。故填to make。
V. Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
71. 我们只有善于从错误中吸取教训，才能在学业上取得长足的进步。(draw) （汉译英）
【答案】Only by being good at drawing a lesson from our mistakes can we make great progress in our studies.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。表示“只有善于从错误中吸取教训”为only by being good at drawing a lesson from our mistakes，介词by后用动名词短语作宾语，表示“吸取教训”用动词短语draw a lesson，动名词作介词at的宾语；only+状语引起部分倒装，表示“我们才能在学业上取得长足的进步”为can we make great progress in our studies，progress是不可数名词，make great progress是固定短语。句首字母大写，故翻译为Only by being good at drawing a lesson from our mistakes can we make great progress in our studies.
72. 作为本次活动的东道主，我们招待所有的代表团吃了一顿美味佳肴。(serve) （汉译英）
【答案】As the host of this event, we served all the delegations a delicious meal.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。表示“作为本次活动的东道主”为介词短语as the host of this event，作状语；本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，表示“我们招待所有的代表团吃了一顿美味佳肴”为we served all the delegations a delicious meal，谓语动词serve用过去式，后接双宾语，all the delegations是间接宾语，a delicious meal是直接宾语。句首字母大写，故翻译为As the host of this event, we served all the delegations a delicious meal.
73. 正如船破浪前进一样，我们面对困难应该勇往直前，这种精神值得代代相传。(pass) （汉译英）
【答案】Just as a ship sails through the waves, we should forge ahead in the face of difficulties. This spirit is worth passing down from generation to generation.

【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词短语、介词短语、时态和状语从句。分析句子可知，“正如船破浪前进一样”是时间状语从句，“正如”用just as表示，其中从属as连词引导该从句，主语“船”用单数名词a ship，“破浪前进”用动词短语sail through the waves表示，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，谓语动词sail用一般现在时第三人称单数形式sails；“我们面对困难应该勇往直前”是主句，主语“我们”用人称代词we，“应该”是情态动词should，谓语动词“勇往直前”用动词短语forge ahead，在情态动词后用动词原形，状语“面对困难”用介词短语in the face of difficulties表示；“这种精神值得代代相传”可独立成句，主语“这种精神”用this spirit，“值得”用动词短语be worth doing...，主语是不可数名词，系动词用is，其中动名词主动表被动，“代代相传”用动词短语pass down from generation to generation，用动名词形式。综上， 全句译为：Just as a ship sails through the waves, we should forge ahead in the face of difficulties. This spirit is worth passing down from generation to generation.